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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karkheh River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A9" title="نهر الكرخة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر الكرخة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99rx%C9%99" title="Kərxə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kərxə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="কারখে নদী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কারখে নদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Керхэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Керхэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Кархэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кархэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Керхе – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Керхе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Керхе – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Керхе" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABdkh%C4%81neh-ye_Karkheh_(suba,_lat_31,74,_long_47,98)" title="Rūdkhāneh-ye Karkheh (suba, lat 31,74, long 47,98) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rūdkhāneh-ye Karkheh (suba, lat 31,74, long 47,98)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerche" title="Kerche – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kerche" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karche_(Fluss)" title="Karche (Fluss) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karche (Fluss)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Karkheh" title="Río Karkheh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Karkheh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87" title="کرخه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرخه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkheh" title="Karkheh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karkheh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AD%D5%A5" title="Քարխե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քարխե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Karkheh" title="Sungai Karkheh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Karkheh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkheh" title="Karkheh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karkheh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choaspes" title="Choaspes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Choaspes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerch%C4%97" title="Kerchė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kerchė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87" title="نهر الكرخه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر الكرخه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87" title="کرخه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کرخه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkheh" title="Karkheh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karkheh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerxe" title="Kerxe – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kerxe" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karche" title="Karche – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karche" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Керхе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Керхе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%95" title="ڕووباری کەرخە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووباری کەرخە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kercha" title="Kercha – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kercha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Керхе – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Керхе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کرخیه دریا – Urdu" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karkheh_River&params=33_05_46_N_47_31_34_E_region:IR_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°05′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">47°31′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.09611°N 47.52611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.09611; 47.52611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">River in Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Karkheh" redirects here. For the administrative subdivision of Iran, see <a href="/wiki/Karkheh_Rural_District" title="Karkheh Rural District">Karkheh Rural District</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%28%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%29.jpg/220px-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%28%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%28%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%29.jpg/330px-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%28%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%28%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%29.jpg/440px-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%28%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87.jpg/220px-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87.jpg/330px-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87.jpg/440px-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Choaspes_River_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choaspes River (Iran)">Choaspes River (Iran)</a> or <b>Karkheh</b> or <b>Karkhen</b> (Persian: کرخه) (perhaps the river known as the <a href="/wiki/Gihon" title="Gihon">Gihon</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <b>Γεῶν</b> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> <b>2:13</b> —one of the four <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Paradise" title="Rivers of Paradise">Rivers of Paradise</a> in the of <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and as the river <b>Choaspes</b> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <b>Χοάσπης</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in ancient times; also called <b>Eulæus,</b> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <b>Εὔλαιος</b> or <b>Εὐλαῖος</b>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: אולי <b>Ulai</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a river in <a href="/wiki/Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khūzestān Province">Khūzestān Province</a>, in southwest <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (ancient <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susiana</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkheh_River&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The river rises in the <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a>, and passes west of <a href="/wiki/Shush,_Iran" title="Shush, Iran">Shush</a> (ancient <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>), eventually falling in ancient times into the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> just below its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> very near to the Iran-<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> border. In modern times, after approaching within 16 kilometres (10 mi) of the <a href="/wiki/Dez_River" title="Dez River">Dez River</a>, it turns to the southwest and then, northwest of <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>, turns northwest and is absorbed by the <a href="/wiki/Hawizeh_Marshes" title="Hawizeh Marshes">Hawizeh Marshes</a> that straddle the Iran–Iraq border. Its peculiarly sweet water was sacred to the use of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian</a> kings.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient names for the Karkheh should be treated as conjectural because the bed of the river has changed in historic times, and because a nearby watercourse between the Karkheh and the Dez River, the Shaur, confuses the identification.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The problem with the ancient names is that while the Karkheh flows a kilometre or two west of Susa, another major watercourse flows parallel to the Karkheh within a few kilometres <i>east</i> of Susa. When these rivers are in flood stage, the entire area south of Susa can be flooded, as the waters of the two watercourses mingle. The watercourse a kilometre or two east of Susa, now called the Shaur, flows east between the Haft Tepe and Shaur ridges into the Dez River, north of where the Dez and Karun rivers merge. At some previous time, the Karkheh may have joined the eastern end of the Shaur. The timing of these changes is not known with any certainty. The ancient name of the Shaur may have been the Choaspes. </p><p>The river is mentioned in the Bible, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> <b>8</b>:2,16,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and should not be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Choaspes_River_(Afghanistan)" title="Choaspes River (Afghanistan)">Choaspes River</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, which flows into the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a>. </p><p>The river is currently the location of the <a href="/wiki/Karkheh_Dam" title="Karkheh Dam">Karkheh Dam</a> and hydro-power plant in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkheh_River&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Az_Karkheh_ta_Rhein" class="mw-redirect" title="Az Karkheh ta Rhein">Az Karkheh ta Rhein</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkheh_River&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1993" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, A. B. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestempire00abbo/page/88"><i>Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestempire00abbo/page/88">88</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-40679-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-40679-X"><bdi>0-521-40679-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquest+and+Empire%3A+The+Reign+of+Alexander+the+Great&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-521-40679-X&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconquestempire00abbo%2Fpage%2F88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarkheh+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotts1999" class="citation book cs1">Potts, Daniel T. (1999). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/archaeologyelamf00pott_278"><i>The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/archaeologyelamf00pott_278/page/n267">236</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56496-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56496-4"><bdi>0-521-56496-4</bdi></a>. <q>One refers to his camp while on campaign and to action near the Ulai, the modern Karkheh river, in Khuzistan</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Elam%3A+Formation+and+Transformation+of+an+Ancient+Iranian+State&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-56496-4&rft.aulast=Potts&rft.aufirst=Daniel+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farchaeologyelamf00pott_278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarkheh+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazlitt1851" class="citation web cs1">Hazlitt, William (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070303022749/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/gazetteer/0110.html">"page 108"</a>. <i>The Classical Gazetteer</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientlibrary.com/gazetteer/0110.html">the original</a> on 2007-03-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=page+108&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Hazlitt&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientlibrary.com%2Fgazetteer%2F0110.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarkheh+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Hansman, "Charax and the Karkheh," <i>Iranica Antiqua</i> VII(1967), pp.21-58, and Michael J. Kirkby, "Land and Water Resources of the Deh Luran and Khuzistan Plains," Appendix I, in <i>Studies in the Archaeological History of the Deh Luran Plain. The Excavation of Chagha Sefid,</i> edited by Frank Hole, pp. 251-288. Memoirs, no. 9, Ann Arbor, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In the third year of the reign of king <a href="/wiki/Belshazzar" title="Belshazzar">Belshazzar</a> a vision appeared unto me, even unto me Daniel, after that which appeared unto me at the first. And I saw in the vision; now it was so, that when I saw, I was in <a href="/wiki/Shushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shushan">Shushan</a> the palace, which is in the province of <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>; and I saw in the vision, and I was by the river Ulai." (Daniel, <b>8</b>:2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"And I heard a man's voice between <i>the banks of</i> Ulai, which called, and said, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, make this man to understand the vision." (Daniel, <b>8</b>:16)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mehrnews.ir/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=309697">"Economic news in brief (Apr. 9)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mehr_News_Agency" title="Mehr News Agency">Mehr News Agency</a></i>. 2006-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mehr+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Economic+news+in+brief+%28Apr.+9%29&rft.date=2006-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mehrnews.ir%2Fen%2FNewsDetail.aspx%3FNewsID%3D309697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarkheh+River" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkheh_River&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Choaspes (Karkheh)</i>, Photographs of the river: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/k/karkheh/choaspes.html"><i>Livius</i></a>.</li> <li><i>Karkheh river marshes</i>, BirdLife IBA Factsheet, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=8120&m=0">BirdLife International</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_Areas_of_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Iran" title="Template:Protected areas of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_Areas_of_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_and_protected_areas_of_Iran" title="List of national parks and protected areas of Iran">Protected Areas of Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#abdb75;;width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">National Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtegan_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakhtegan National Park">Bakhtegan</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamou_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamou National Park (page does not exist)">Bamou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bojagh_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bojagh National Park (page does not exist)">Bojagh</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayer-Nakhiloo_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dayer-Nakhiloo National Park (page does not exist)">Dayer-Nakhiloo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghamishloo_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghamishloo National Park (page does not exist)">Ghamishloo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghatroyeh_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghatroyeh National Park (page does not exist)">Ghatroyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golestan_National_Park" title="Golestan National Park">Golestan</a> (BR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavir_National_Park" title="Kavir National Park">Kavir</a> (BR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabr_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Khabr National Park">Khabr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojir_National_Park" title="Khojir National Park">Khojir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiasar_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiasar National Park (page does not exist)">Kiasar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolahghazi_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolahghazi National Park (page does not exist)">Kolahghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lar_National_Park" title="Lar National Park">Lar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayband_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Nayband Wildlife Sanctuary">Nayband</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paband_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paband National Park (page does not exist)">Paband</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salouk_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salouk National Park (page does not exist)">Salouk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarigol_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarigol National Park (page does not exist)">Sarigol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siyahkooh_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siyahkooh National Park (page does not exist)">Siyahkooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorkheh_Hesar_National_Park" title="Sorkheh Hesar National Park">Sorkh-e Hesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandooreh_National_Park" title="Tandooreh National Park">Tandooreh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tang-e_Sayad_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tang-e Sayad National Park (page does not exist)">Tang-e Sayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khar_Turan_National_Park" title="Khar Turan National Park">Khar Turan</a> (BR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a> (BR, IW)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#abdb75;;width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">National Natural Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alam-Kuh" title="Alam-Kuh">Alam-Kuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Damavand" title="Mount Damavand">Damavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabalan" title="Sabalan">Sabalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarv-e_Abarkuh" title="Sarv-e Abarkuh">Sarv-e Abarkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taftan_(volcano)" title="Taftan (volcano)">Taftan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#abdb75;;width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Wildlife Refuges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amirkalayeh_Wildlife_Refuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amirkalayeh Wildlife Refuge (page does not exist)">Amirkalayeh</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtegan_Wildlife_Refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakhtegan Wildlife Refuge">Bakhtegan</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamoon_Wildlife_Refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamoon Wildlife Refuge">Hamoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miandasht_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Miandasht Wildlife Refuge">Miandasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miankaleh_Wildlife_Refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge">Miankaleh</a> (BR, IW)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robat_Shur_Wildlife_Refuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robat Shur Wildlife Refuge (page does not exist)">Robat Shur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selkeh_Wildlife_Refuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selkeh Wildlife Refuge (page does not exist)">Selkeh</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shadegan_Wildlife_Refuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shadegan Wildlife Refuge (page does not exist)">Shadegan</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shidvar_Wildlife_Refuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shidvar Wildlife Refuge (page does not exist)">Shidvar</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorkhankol_Wildlife_Refuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorkhankol Wildlife Refuge (page does not exist)">Sorkhankol</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touran_Wildlife_Refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Touran Wildlife Refuge">Touran</a> (BR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#abdb75;;width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Protected Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvand_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvand Protected Area">Alvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arasbaran_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Arasbaran Protected Area">Arasbaran</a> (BR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjan_and_Parishan_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjan and Parishan Protected Area">Arjan and Parishan</a> (BR, IW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dena_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Dena Protected Area">Dena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinar_Kouh_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinar Kouh Protected Area (page does not exist)">Dinar Kouh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gando_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gando Protected Area (page does not exist)">Gando</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geno_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Geno Protected Area">Geno</a> (BR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hara_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Hara Protected Area">Hara</a> (BR, IW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraz_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Haraz Protected Area">Haraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heleh_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heleh Protected Area (page does not exist)">Heleh</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajrud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jajrud">Jajrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_Kouh_Protected_Area" title="Kabir Kouh Protected Area">Kabir Kouh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkas_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karkas Protected Area (page does not exist)">Karkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkheh_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkheh Protected Area">Karkheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavir_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavir Protected Area">Kavir</a> (BR)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koulak_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koulak Protected Area (page does not exist)">Koulak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manesht_%26_Ghelarang_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manesht & Ghelarang Protected Area (page does not exist)">Manesht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianjangal_Protected_Area" title="Mianjangal Protected Area">Mianjangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozaffari_Protected_Area" title="Mozaffari Protected Area">Mozaffari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siahkeshim_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siahkeshim Protected Area (page does not exist)">Siahkeshim</a> (IW)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touran_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Touran Protected Area (page does not exist)">Touran</a> (BR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><div>BR: <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere Reserve">Biosphere Reserve</a> - IW: <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">International Wetland (Ramsar Site)</a> - All names as inscribed by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment, Iran">Department of Environment, Iran</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472376#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472376#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472376#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2017003348">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007405754905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/912877">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karkheh_River&params=33_05_46_N_47_31_34_E_region:IR_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°05′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">47°31′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.09611°N 47.52611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.09611; 47.52611</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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