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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Technology and media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stylistic_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stylistic_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Stylistic evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stylistic_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_spread_and_crosspollination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_spread_and_crosspollination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>International spread and crosspollination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_spread_and_crosspollination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusiek" title="Popmusiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Popmusiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusik" title="Popmusik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Popmusik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA" title="पॉप – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पॉप" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8" title="بوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_pop" title="Musica pop – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Musica pop" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-musiqi" title="Pop-musiqi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pop-musiqi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="پاپ موسیقی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاپ موسیقی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4" title="পপ সঙ্গীত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পপ সঙ্গীত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_im-ga%CC%8Dk" title="Pop im-ga̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pop im-ga̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поп-музыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Поп-музыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поп-музыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Поп-музыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Попмузика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Попмузика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusi" title="Popmusi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Popmusi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="དར་ཁྱབ་ཆེ་བའི་རོལ་དབྱངས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དར་ཁྱབ་ཆེ་བའི་རོལ་དབྱངས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-muzika" title="Pop-muzika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pop-muzika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_pop" title="Música pop – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Música pop" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikong_pop" title="Musikong pop – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Musikong pop" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pop music" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_pop" title="Musica pop – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Musica pop" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusik" title="Popmusik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Popmusik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusik" title="Popmusik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Popmusik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmuusika" title="Popmuusika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Popmuusika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%80_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ποπ μουσική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ποπ μουσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-muziko" title="Pop-muziko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pop-muziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="موسیقی پاپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی پاپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pop music" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppt%C3%B3nleikur" title="Popptónleikur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Popptónleikur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_(musique)" title="Pop (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pop (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmuzyk" title="Popmuzyk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Popmuzyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcheol" title="Popcheol – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Popcheol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_pop" title="Música pop – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Música pop" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="流行音樂 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="流行音樂" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%9D_%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="팝 음악 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팝 음악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%83_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Փոփ երաժշտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոփ երաժշտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="पॉप म्यूज़िक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पॉप म्यूज़िक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-muziko" title="Pop-muziko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pop-muziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_pop" title="Musik pop – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Musik pop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_pop" title="Musica pop – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Musica pop" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppt%C3%B3nlist" title="Popptónlist – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Popptónlist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_pop" title="Musica pop – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Musica pop" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4" title="מוזיקת פופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזיקת פופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_(Nipilersoriaaseq)" title="Pop (Nipilersoriaaseq) – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Pop (Nipilersoriaaseq)" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="პოპ-მუსიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოპ-მუსიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поп-музыка – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Поп-музыка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziki_wa_pop" title="Muziki wa pop – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muziki wa pop" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_(lamizik)" title="Pop (lamizik) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pop (lamizik)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muz%C3%AEka_pop" title="Muzîka pop – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muzîka pop" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поп-музыка – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Поп-музыка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_popularis" title="Musica popularis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Musica popularis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popm%C5%ABzika" title="Popmūzika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Popmūzika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusek" title="Popmusek – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Popmusek" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmuzika" title="Popmuzika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Popmuzika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmeziek" title="Popmeziek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Popmeziek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zgirpopu" title="zgirpopu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zgirpopu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popzene" title="Popzene – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Popzene" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поп-музика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Поп-музика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="പോപ്‌ സംഗീതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോപ്‌ സംഗീതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="पॉप संगीत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॉप संगीत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="პოპ-მუსიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოპ-მუსიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8" title="بوب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzik_pop" title="Muzik pop – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muzik pop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Поп хөгжим – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Поп хөгжим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90" title="ပေါ့ပ် ဂီတ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပေါ့ပ် ဂီတ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmuziek" title="Popmuziek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Popmuziek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="पप सङ्गीत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पप सङ्गीत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ポップ・ミュージック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポップ・ミュージック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusikk" title="Popmusikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Popmusikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_(musica)" title="Pop (musica) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pop (musica)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_musiqa" title="Pop musiqa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pop musiqa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4" title="ਪੌਪ ਸੰਗੀਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੌਪ ਸੰਗੀਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DA%A9" title="پاپ میوزک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاپ میوزک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap_myuuzik" title="Pap myuuzik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pap myuuzik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzyka_pop" title="Muzyka pop – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muzyka pop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_pop" title="Música pop – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Música pop" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_pop" title="Muzică pop – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muzică pop" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поп-музыка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поп-музыка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_muisic" title="Pop muisic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pop muisic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusik" title="Popmusik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Popmusik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika_pop" title="Muzika pop – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muzika pop" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9sica_liggera" title="Mùsica liggera – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mùsica liggera" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pop music" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_(hudobn%C3%BD_%C5%BE%C3%A1ner)" title="Pop (hudobný žáner) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pop (hudobný žáner)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_glasba" title="Pop glasba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pop glasba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popowo_muzyka" title="Popowo muzyka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Popowo muzyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%BE" title="مۆسیقای پۆپ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆسیقای پۆپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поп музика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поп музика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop" title="Pop – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pop" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusiikki" title="Popmusiikki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Popmusiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popmusik" title="Popmusik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Popmusik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikang_pop" title="Musikang pop – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Musikang pop" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7" title="פאפ מוזיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאפ מוזיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E9%A1%9E)" title="流行 (音樂類) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="流行 (音樂類)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzik%C3%AA_popi" title="Muzikê popi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Muzikê popi" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre of music</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a specific music genre. For popular music in general, see <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">Popular music</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pop_music_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pop music (disambiguation)">Pop music (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pop song" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pop_Song_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pop Song (disambiguation)">Pop Song</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Pop music</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grove_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">contemporary folk</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Mid-1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States and United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">hyperpop</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">art pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building_(genre)" title="Brill Building (genre)">Brill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_music" title="Bubblegum music">bubblegum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatic_pop" title="Operatic pop">operatic pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">orchestral pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">schlager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">sunshine pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">synth-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">teen pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">wonky pop</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Styles_of_pop_music" title="Styles of pop music">complete list</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">country pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">contemporary R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">cowboy pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">dancehall pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">emo pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">folk-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">hypnagogic pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano#popiano" title="Amapiano">popiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">pop-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop-soul">pop-soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">ambient pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">psychedelic pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">space age pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom#Street_pop" title="Gqom">street pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">worldbeat</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austropop" title="Austropop">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_pop" title="Indo pop">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_popular_music#Contemporary_Music" title="Italian popular music">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-pop" title="Q-pop">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian pop">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic pop music">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederpop" title="Nederpop">Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani pop music">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pop" title="Russian pop">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_popular_music" title="Nordic popular music">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Music of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish pop music">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_pop_music" title="Thai pop music">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="American pop">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Western Europe</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="African pop">African pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro_fusion" title="Afro fusion">Afro fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Pop" class="mw-redirect" title="New Pop">New Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Pop" class="mw-redirect" title="K-Pop">K-Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_automation" title="Pop music automation">pop music automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poptimism" class="mw-redirect" title="Poptimism">poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pop music</b> is a genre of <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2001_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1950s and 1960s, pop music encompassed <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> and the youth-oriented styles it influenced. <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></i> and <i>pop</i> music remained roughly synonymous until the late 1960s, after which <i>pop</i> became associated with music that was more commercial, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ephemeral" class="extiw" title="wikt:ephemeral">ephemeral</a>, and accessible. </p><p>Identifying factors of pop music usually include repeated choruses and <a href="/wiki/Hook_(music)" title="Hook (music)">hooks</a>, short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the <a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">verse–chorus structure</a>), and rhythms or tempos that can be easily danced to. Much of pop music also borrows elements from other styles such as rock, <a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>. </p><p>The terms <i>popular music</i> and <i>pop music</i> are often used interchangeably, although the former more accurately describes <i>all</i> music that is popular and includes many disparate styles. Although much of the music that appears on <a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">record charts</a> is considered to be pop music, the genre is distinguished from <i>chart music</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_and_etymology">Definitions and etymology<span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/David_Hatch" title="David Hatch">David Hatch</a> and Stephen Millward describe pop music as "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk music".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Boyle, a music researcher, states pop music as any type of music that a person has been exposed to by the mass media.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most individuals think that pop music is just the <a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">singles charts</a> and not the sum of all chart music. The music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">novelty songs</a>. As a genre, pop music is seen to exist and develop separately.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the term "pop music" may be used to describe a distinct genre, designed to appeal to all, often characterized as "instant singles-based music aimed at teenagers" in contrast to rock music as "album-based music for adults".<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2001_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pop music continuously evolves along with the term's definition. According to music writer Bill Lamb, popular music is defined as "the music since industrialization in the 1800s that is most in line with the tastes and interests of the urban middle class."<sup id="cite_ref-What_Is_Pop_Music_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_Is_Pop_Music-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "pop song" was first used in 1926, in the sense of a piece of music "having popular appeal".<sup id="cite_ref-OED_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillbilly music">hillbilly music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg/220px-Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg/330px-Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg/440px-Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Music</i> states that the term "pop" refers to music performed by such artists as <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> (pictured here in a 2006 performance).</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the website of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>, the term "pop music" "originated in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> in the mid-1950s as a description for <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> and the new youth music styles that it influenced".<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Music</i> states that while pop's "earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience [...] since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus[ic], usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>, etc."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Grove Music Online</i> also states that "[...] in the early 1960s, [the term] 'pop music' competed terminologically with <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beat music</a> [in England], while in the US its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'".<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> From about 1967, the term "pop music" was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, a division that gave generic significance to both terms.<sup id="cite_ref-Gloag983_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gloag983-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While rock aspired to <a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(philosophy)" title="Authenticity (philosophy)">authenticity</a> and an expansion of the possibilities of popular music,<sup id="cite_ref-Gloag983_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gloag983-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pop was more commercial, ephemeral, and accessible.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to British musicologist <a href="/wiki/Simon_Frith" title="Simon Frith">Simon Frith</a>, pop music is produced "as a matter of <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">enterprise</a> not art", and is "designed to appeal to everyone" but "doesn't come from any particular place or mark off any particular taste". Frith adds that it is "not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward [...] and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative". It is, "provided from on high (by record companies, radio programmers, and concert promoters) rather than being made from below (...) Pop is not a <a href="/wiki/Do-it-yourself" class="mw-redirect" title="Do-it-yourself">do-it-yourself</a> music but is professionally produced and packaged".<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2001_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Righteous_Brothers_-_You%27ve_Lost_That_Lovin%27_Feelin%27.ogg" title="File:Righteous Brothers - You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'.ogg">The Righteous Brothers – "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" (1965)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="Righteous_Brothers_-_You've_Lost_That_Lovin'_Feelin'.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Righteous_Brothers_-_You%27ve_Lost_That_Lovin%27_Feelin%27.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/a/a4/Righteous_Brothers_-_You%27ve_Lost_That_Lovin%27_Feelin%27.ogg/Righteous_Brothers_-_You%27ve_Lost_That_Lovin%27_Feelin%27.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, "<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Lost_That_Lovin%27_Feelin%27" title="You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'">You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'</a>" ranks as the most frequently played song in US radio history.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is described by music writers <a href="/wiki/Nick_Logan" title="Nick Logan">Nick Logan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woffinden" title="Bob Woffinden">Bob Woffinden</a> as "the ultimate pop record".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>According to Frith, characteristics of pop music include an aim of appealing to a general audience, rather than to a particular sub-culture or ideology, and an emphasis on craftsmanship rather than formal "artistic" qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2001_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides, Frith also offers three identifying characteristics of pop music: light entertainment, commercial imperatives, and personal identification. Pop music grew out of a light entertainment and <a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a> tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pop music is more conservative than other music genres such as folk, blues, country, and tradition. Many pop songs do not contain themes of resistance, opposition, or politics, rather focusing more on love and relationships. Therefore, pop music does not challenge its audiences socially, and does not cause political activism. Frith also said the main purpose of pop music is to create revenue. It is not a medium of free articulation of the people. Instead, pop music seeks to supply the nature of personal desire and achieve the instant empathy with cliche personalities, stereotypes, and melodrama that appeals to listeners. It is mostly about how much revenue pop music makes for record companies.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music scholar Timothy Warner said pop music typically has an emphasis on recording, production, and technology, rather than live performance; a tendency to reflect existing trends rather than <a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">progressive developments</a>; and seeks to encourage dancing or uses dance-oriented rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner2003_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amr_Diab_at_World_Music_Awards_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Amr Diab at World Music Awards 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Amr_Diab_at_World_Music_Awards_2007.jpg/220px-Amr_Diab_at_World_Music_Awards_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Amr_Diab_at_World_Music_Awards_2007.jpg/330px-Amr_Diab_at_World_Music_Awards_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Amr_Diab_at_World_Music_Awards_2007.jpg/440px-Amr_Diab_at_World_Music_Awards_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amr_Diab" title="Amr Diab">Amr Diab</a>, Egyptian pop star, named "El-Hadaba", for achieving high records sales in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> for the last three decades<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The main medium of pop music is the song, often between two and a half and three and a half minutes in length, generally marked by a consistent and noticeable <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythmic element</a>, a mainstream style and a simple traditional <a href="/wiki/Song_structure_(popular_music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song structure (popular music)">structure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of many popular songs is that of a verse and a chorus, the chorus serving as the portion of the track that is designed to stick in the ear through simple repetition both musically and lyrically. The chorus is often where the music builds towards and is often preceded by "the drop" where the bass and drum parts "drop out".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common variants include the verse-chorus form and the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-two-bar_form" title="Thirty-two-bar form">thirty-two-bar form</a>, with a focus on <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodies</a> and catchy <a href="/wiki/Hook_(music)" title="Hook (music)">hooks</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Refrain" title="Refrain">chorus</a> that contrasts melodically, rhythmically and <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonically</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Verse_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verse (music)">verse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2001_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Harmony_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmony (music)">Harmony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">chord progressions</a> in pop music are often "that of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a> European <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonality</a>, only more simple-minded."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clichés include the <a href="/wiki/Close_and_open_harmony" title="Close and open harmony">barbershop quartet-style harmony</a> (i.e. ii – V – I) and <a href="/wiki/Blues_scale" title="Blues scale">blues scale</a>-influenced harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a lessening of the influence of traditional views of the <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_fifths" title="Circle of fifths">circle of fifths</a> between the mid-1950s and the late 1970s, including less predominance for the <a href="/wiki/Dominant_(music)" title="Dominant (music)">dominant</a> <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic function">function</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2023, <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)"><i>Billboard</i></a> compiled a list of "the 500 best pop songs". In doing so, they noted the difficulty of defining "pop songs": </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One of the reasons pop can be hard to summarize is because there’s no real sonic or musical definition to it. There are common elements to a lot of the biggest pop songs, but at the end of the day, "pop" means "popular" first and foremost, and just about any song that becomes popular enough...can be considered a pop song.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_influence">Development and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology_and_media">Technology and media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technology and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bing_Crosby_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bing_Crosby_1930s.jpg/170px-Bing_Crosby_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bing_Crosby_1930s.jpg/255px-Bing_Crosby_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bing_Crosby_1930s.jpg/340px-Bing_Crosby_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> was one of the first artists to be nicknamed "King of Pop" or "King of Popular Music".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (September 2020)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1940s, improved <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> design allowed a more intimate singing style and, ten or twenty years later, inexpensive and more durable 45 rpm records for singles "revolutionized the manner in which pop has been disseminated", which helped to move pop music to "a record/radio/film star system".<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another technological change was the widespread availability of television in the 1950s with televised performances, which meant that "pop stars had to have a visual presence".<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, the introduction of inexpensive, portable <a href="/wiki/Transistor_radio" title="Transistor radio">transistor radios</a> meant that teenagers in the developed world could listen to music outside of the home.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 1980s, the promotion of pop music had been greatly affected by the rise of music television channels like <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, which "favoured those artists such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> who had a strong visual appeal".<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Multi-track_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-track recording">Multi-track recording</a> (from the 1960s) and <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">digital sampling</a> (from the 1980s) have also been used as methods for the creation and elaboration of pop music.<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2001_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the mid-1960s, pop music made repeated forays into new sounds, styles, and techniques that inspired public discourse among its listeners. The word "progressive" was frequently used, and it was thought that every song and single was to be a "progression" from the last.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music critic</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> writes that beginning with 1967, a divide would exist between "progressive" pop and "mass/chart" pop, a separation which was "also, broadly, one between boys and girls, middle-class and working-class."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The latter half of the 20th century included a large-scale trend in American culture in which the boundaries between art and pop music were increasingly blurred.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1950 and 1970, there was a debate of pop versus art.<sup id="cite_ref-PMLoss2015_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMLoss2015-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, certain music publications have embraced the music's legitimacy, a trend referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Poptimism" class="mw-redirect" title="Poptimism">poptimism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-PMLoss2015_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMLoss2015-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stylistic_evolution">Stylistic evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Stylistic evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/220px-The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/330px-The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/440px-The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3578" data-file-height="2526" /></a><figcaption>The 1960s <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a> marked a period when the US charts were inundated with British acts such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> (pictured 1964).</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout its development, pop music has absorbed influences from other genres of popular music. Early pop music drew on <a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop</a>, an American counterpart to German <a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager</a> and French <a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">Chanson</a>, however compared to the pop of European countries, traditional pop originally emphasized influences ranging from <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> songwriting, <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Show_tune" title="Show tune">show tunes</a>. As the genre evolved more influences ranging from <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>, and other popular genres became more prominent. In 2016, a <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports">Scientific Reports</a></i> study that examined over 464,000 recordings of popular music recorded between 1955 and 2010 found that, compared to 1960s pop music, contemporary pop music uses a smaller variety of pitch progressions, greater average volume,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> less diverse instrumentation and recording techniques, and less timbral variety.<sup id="cite_ref-Matson_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matson-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s John Matson reported that this "seems to support the popular anecdotal observation that pop music of yore was "better", or at least more varied, than today's top-40 stuff". However, he also noted that the study may not have been entirely representative of pop in each generation.<sup id="cite_ref-Matson_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matson-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elton_John_receiving_his_star_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Elton_John_receiving_his_star_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.jpg/220px-Elton_John_receiving_his_star_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Elton_John_receiving_his_star_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.jpg/330px-Elton_John_receiving_his_star_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Elton_John_receiving_his_star_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.jpg/440px-Elton_John_receiving_his_star_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="2635" /></a><figcaption>Known for his flamboyant style and virtuosic piano playing, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> became one of the biggest pop stars of the 1970s.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s, the majority of mainstream pop music fell in two categories: guitar, drum and bass groups or singers backed by a traditional orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since early in the decade, it was common for pop producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with musical form, <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orchestration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">unnatural reverb</a>, and other sound effects. Some of the best known examples are <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Meek" title="Joe Meek">Joe Meek</a>'s use of homemade electronic sound effects for acts like <a href="/wiki/The_Tornados" title="The Tornados">the Tornados</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, pop music on radio and in both American and British film moved away from refined Tin Pan Alley to more eccentric songwriting and incorporated reverb-drenched electric guitar, symphonic strings, and horns played by groups of properly arranged and rehearsed studio musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2019 study held by <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> in which 643 participants had to rank how familiar a pop song is to them, songs from the 1960s turned out to be the most memorable, significantly more than songs from recent years 2000 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">progressive pop</a> of the late 1960s, performers were typically unable to decide on the artistic content of their music.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assisted by the mid-1960s economic boom, record labels began investing in artists, giving them the freedom to experiment, and offering them limited control over their content and marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This situation declined after the late 1970s and would not reemerge until the rise of <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> stars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie pop</a>, which developed in the late 1970s, marked another departure from the glamour of contemporary pop music, with guitar bands formed on the then-novel premise that one could record and release their own music without having to procure a <a href="/wiki/Record_contract" class="mw-redirect" title="Record contract">record contract</a> from a major label.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1980s are commonly remembered for an increase in the use of <a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">digital recording</a>, associated with the usage of <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">synth-pop</a> music and other <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a> genres featuring non-traditional instruments increasing in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2014, pop music worldwide had been permeated by <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christgau_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christgau-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, researchers at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, concluded that pop music has become 'sadder' since the 1980s. The elements of <a href="/wiki/Happiness" title="Happiness">happiness</a> and brightness have eventually been replaced with electronic beats making pop music more 'sad yet danceable'.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_spread_and_crosspollination">International spread and crosspollination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: International spread and crosspollination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Jackson-3_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Michael_Jackson-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/93px-Michael_Jackson-3_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Michael_Jackson-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Michael_Jackson-3_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Michael_Jackson-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/186px-Michael_Jackson-3_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg/121px-ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg/182px-ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg/242px-ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (right) have been dubbed respectively as the "<a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">King and Queen of Pop</a>" since the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Pop music has been dominated by the American and (from the mid-1960s) British <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industries</a>, whose influence has made pop music something of an international monoculture, but most regions and countries have their own form of pop music, sometimes producing local versions of wider trends, and lending them local characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these trends (for example <a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a>) have had a significant impact on the development of the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-Firth2002_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firth2002-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:22%; border-width: 1px; font-size: 89%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The story of pop music is largely the story of the intertwining pop culture of the United States and the United Kingdom in the postwar era. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""> — <a href="/wiki/Bob_Stanley_(musician)" title="Bob Stanley (musician)">Bob Stanley</a><sup id="cite_ref-Christgau_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christgau-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>, "Western-derived pop styles, whether coexisting with or marginalizing distinctively local genres, have spread throughout the world and have come to constitute stylistic common denominators in global commercial music cultures".<sup id="cite_ref-PManuel_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PManuel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some non-Western countries, such as Japan, have developed a thriving pop music industry, most of which is devoted to Western-style pop. Japan has for several years produced a greater quantity of music than everywhere except the US.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="vague (April 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-PManuel_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PManuel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spread of Western-style pop music has been interpreted variously as representing processes of Americanization, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Homogenization" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Homogenization">homogenization</a>, modernization, creative appropriation, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_imperialism" title="Cultural imperialism">cultural imperialism</a>, or a more general process of <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PManuel_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PManuel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the pop music styles that developed alongside other music styles is <a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a>, which rose in popularity in the US during the 1950s with early rock and roll success <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Valens" title="Ritchie Valens">Ritchie Valens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strachwitz_Frontera_Collection_2017_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strachwitz_Frontera_Collection_2017-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/Los_Lobos" title="Los Lobos">Los Lobos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a> gained in popularity during the 1970s and 1980s, and musician <a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a> saw large-scale popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, along with crossover appeal with fans of <a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano musicians</a> <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mendoza" title="Lydia Mendoza">Lydia Mendoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_(singer)" title="Little Joe (singer)">Little Joe</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> With later <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> seeing success within pop music charts, 1990s pop successes stayed popular in both their original genres and in broader pop music.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latin pop hit singles, such as "<a href="/wiki/Macarena" title="Macarena">Macarena</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Los_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Los del Río">Los del Río</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Despacito" title="Despacito">Despacito</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Luis_Fonsi" title="Luis Fonsi">Luis Fonsi</a>, have seen record-breaking success on worldwide pop music charts.<sup id="cite_ref-Villafañe_2017_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villafañe_2017-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable pop artists of the late 20th century that became global superstars include <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britney_Spears.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Britney_Spears.jpg/126px-Britney_Spears.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Britney_Spears.jpg/189px-Britney_Spears.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Britney_Spears.jpg/251px-Britney_Spears.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> has been named "<a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Princess of Pop</a>" for revitalizing teen pop in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>At the beginning of the 2000s, the trends that dominated during the late 1990s still continued, but the music industry started to change as people began to download music from the internet. People were able to discover genres and artists that were outside of the mainstream and propel them to fame, but at the same time smaller artists had a harder time making a living because their music was being pirated.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular artists were <a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a>, <a href="/wiki/NSYNC" title="NSYNC">NSYNC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child" title="Destiny's Child">Destiny's Child</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>. Pop music often came from many different genres, with each genre in turn influencing the next one, blurring the lines between them and making them less distinct. This change was epitomized in Spears' highly influential 2007 album <i><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(Britney_Spears_album)" title="Blackout (Britney Spears album)">Blackout</a></i>, which under the influence of producer <a href="/wiki/Danja_(record_producer)" title="Danja (record producer)">Danja</a>, mixed the sounds of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">EDM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">avant-funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2010, pop music impacted by dance music came to be dominant on the charts. Instead of radio setting the trends, it was now the club. At the beginning of the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">Will.i.am</a> stated, "The new bubble is all the collective clubs around the world. Radio is just doing its best to keep up."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Songs that talked of escapism through partying became the most popular, influenced by the impulse to forget the economic troubles that had taken over the world after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">2008 crash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 2010s, a lot of pop music also began to take cues from <a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative pop</a>. Popularized by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey" title="Lana Del Rey">Lana Del Rey</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the early 2010s and later inspiring other highly influential artists including <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it gave space to a more sad and moody tone within pop music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Audio-input-microphone.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/28px-Audio-input-microphone.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/42px-Audio-input-microphone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/56px-Audio-input-microphone.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pop_music" title="Portal:Pop music">Pop music portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/17px-Fifties_jukebox.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/25px-Fifties_jukebox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/34px-Fifties_jukebox.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="493" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1950s" title="Portal:1950s">1950s portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/48px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/64px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames in popular music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_pedagogy" title="Popular music pedagogy">Popular music pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">List of music genres and styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain_music" title="Public domain music">Public domain music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">List of largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Music genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular art">Popular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/traditional-pop-ma0000002961/artists">Traditional Pop, <i>AllMusic</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019011103/https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/traditional-pop-ma0000002961/artists">Archived</a> 2017-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 August 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grove-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Middleton, et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/book/omo_gmo">"Pop"</a>, <i>Grove music online</i>, retrieved 14 March 2010. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110113160329/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/book/omo_gmo">Archived</a> 13 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Firth2001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Firth2001_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Firth2001_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Firth2001_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Firth2001_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Firth2001_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Firth2001_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Firth2001_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Frith, W. Straw, and J. Street, eds, <i><a href="//archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00frit" class="extiw" title="iarchive:cambridgecompani00frit">The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock</a></i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55660-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55660-0">0-521-55660-0</a>, pp. 95–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/new-wave-ma0000002750">"Pop/Rock » Punk/New Wave » New Wave"</a>. <i>allmusic.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308043137/https://www.allmusic.com/style/new-wave-ma0000002750">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paste&rft.atitle=The+50+Best+New+Wave+Albums&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastemagazine.com%2Fmusic%2Fnew-wave%2Fthe-best-new-wave-albums%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/9780472115556-qa.pdf">"Q&A with Theo Cateforis, author of Are We Not New Wave? Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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The rise of 2020's most maximalist sound"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. 27 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Hyperpop+or+overhyped%3F+The+rise+of+2020%27s+most+maximalist+sound&rft.date=2020-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Fhyperpop-genre-2020-charli-xcx-rina-sawayama-b1775025.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Hatch and S. 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(1981-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3344679">"Factors Influencing Pop Music Preferences of Young People"</a>. <i>Journal of Research in Music Education</i>. <b>29</b> (1): 47–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3344679">10.2307/3344679</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4294">0022-4294</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3344679">3344679</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145122624">145122624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+in+Music+Education&rft.atitle=Factors+Influencing+Pop+Music+Preferences+of+Young+People&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-55&rft.date=1981-04-01&rft.issn=0022-4294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145122624%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3344679%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3344679&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft.au=Hosterman%2C+Glenn+L.&rft.au=Ramsey%2C+Darhyl+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F3344679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Serge Denisoff and William L. Schurk, <i><a href="//archive.org/details/tarnishedgoldrec0000deni" class="extiw" title="iarchive:tarnishedgoldrec0000deni">Tarnished Gold: the Record Industry Revisited</a></i> (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 3rd edn., 1986), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-618-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-618-0">0-88738-618-0</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2016" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Allan F. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6DeCwAAQBAJ"><i>Song Means: Analysing and Interpreting Recorded Popular Song</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05265-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05265-4"><bdi>978-1-317-05265-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Song+Means%3A+Analysing+and+Interpreting+Recorded+Popular+Song&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-05265-4&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Allan+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6DeCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musicologist Allan Moore surmises that the term "pop music" itself may have been popularized by <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-What_Is_Pop_Music-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-What_Is_Pop_Music_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2018" class="citation web cs1">Lamb, Bill (29 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-pop-music-3246980">"What Is Pop Music?"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417032933/https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-pop-music-3246980">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo.&rft.atitle=What+Is+Pop+Music%3F&rft.date=2018-09-29&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fwhat-is-pop-music-3246980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Simpson and E. Weiner, <i><a href="//archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0000unse_a3t6" class="extiw" title="iarchive:oxfordenglishdic0000unse a3t6">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2">0-19-861186-2</a>, cf. pop.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Hatch and S. Millward, <i>From Blues to Rock: an Analytical History of Pop Music</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-1489-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-1489-1">0-7190-1489-1</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Pop", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/book/omo_t237"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Music</i></a>, retrieved 9 March 2010.<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171112170116/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/book/omo_t237">Archived</a> 12 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gloag983-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gloag983_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gloag983_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Gloag in <i><a href="//archive.org/details/isbn_9780198662129" class="extiw" title="iarchive:isbn 9780198662129">The Oxford Companion to Music</a></i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-866212-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-866212-2">0-19-866212-2</a>, p. 983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner2003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warner2003_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warner2003_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Warner, <i><a href="//archive.org/details/popmusictechnolo0000warn" class="extiw" title="iarchive:popmusictechnolo0000warn">Pop Music: Technology and Creativity: Trevor Horn and the Digital Revolution</a></i> (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3132-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-3132-X">0-7546-3132-X</a>, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15186967">"Van's Brown Eyed Girl hits the 10 million mark in US"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 5 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027003530/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15186967">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Van%27s+Brown+Eyed+Girl+hits+the+10+million+mark+in+US&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-15186967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2013" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Steve (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QWBPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA101"><i>Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings, Volume 2</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. pp. 101–103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8296-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8296-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-8296-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Great+Popular+Song+Recordings%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=101-103&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8296-6&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQWBPAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojek2011" class="citation book cs1">Rojek, Chris (2011). <i>Pop music, pop culture</i>. Polity; 1st edition (June 13, 2011). pp. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0745642642" title="Special:BookSources/978-0745642642"><bdi>978-0745642642</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+music%2C+pop+culture&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Polity%3B+1st+edition+%28June+13%2C+2011%29&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0745642642&rft.aulast=Rojek&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojek2011" class="citation book cs1">Rojek, Chris (2011). <i>Pop music, pop culture</i>. Polity; 1st edition (June 13, 2011). pp. 2–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+music%2C+pop+culture&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Polity%3B+1st+edition+%28June+13%2C+2011%29&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Rojek&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaisey2023" class="citation web cs1">Maisey, Sarah (2023-06-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music-stage/2023/06/27/amr-diab-to-perform-in-beirut-for-the-first-time-in-12-years/">"Amr Diab to perform in Beirut for the first time in 12 years"</a>. <i>The National</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Everett, <i>Expression in Pop-rock Music: A Collection of Critical and Analytical Essays</i> (London: Taylor & Francis, 2000), p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmuse.org/characteristics-of-pop-music">"Characteristics of Pop Music: An Introduction"</a>. <i>Cmuse.org</i>. 9 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200708195748/https://www.cmuse.org/characteristics-of-pop-music">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cmuse.org&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Pop+Music%3A+An+Introduction&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmuse.org%2Fcharacteristics-of-pop-music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Shepherd, <i>Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Performance and production</i> (Continuum, 2003), p. 508.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Kramarz, <i>The Pop Formulas: Harmonic Tools of the Hit Makers</i> (Mel Bay Publications, 2007), p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winkler, Peter (1978). "Toward a theory of pop harmony", <i>In Theory Only</i>, 4, pp. 3–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sargeant, p. 198. cited in Winkler (1978), p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winkler (1978), p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillboard_staff2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Billboard staff (October 19, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-pop-songs-all-time-hits/">"The 500 Best Pop Songs: Staff List"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+500+Best+Pop+Songs%3A+Staff+List&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft.au=Billboard+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Flists%2Fbest-pop-songs-all-time-hits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilliland, John (1994). <i>Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buckley-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Buckley, "Pop" "II. Implications of technology", <i>Grove Music Online</i>, retrieved 15 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewittHellier2015" class="citation book cs1">Hewitt, Paolo; Hellier, John (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CxhzCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT162"><i>Steve Marriott: All Too Beautiful</i></a>. 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(2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TQPXAQAAQBAJ"><i>Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories that Shaped our Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 317, 1233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39348-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39348-8"><bdi>978-0-313-39348-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412035453/https://books.google.com/books?id=TQPXAQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405292">"Measuring the Evolution of Contemporary Western Popular Music"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>2</b>: 521. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.5651">1205.5651</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NatSR...2E.521S">2012NatSR...2E.521S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep00521">10.1038/srep00521</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405292">3405292</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22837813">22837813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Measuring+the+Evolution+of+Contemporary+Western+Popular+Music&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=521&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3405292%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012NatSR...2E.521S&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1205.5651&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsrep00521&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22837813&rft.aulast=Serr%C3%A0&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Corral%2C+%C3%81lvaro&rft.au=Bogu%C3%B1%C3%A1%2C+Mari%C3%A1n&rft.au=Haro%2C+Mart%C3%ADn&rft.au=Arcos%2C+Josep+Ll.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3405292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matson-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matson_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matson_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/is-pop-music-evolving-or-is-it-just-getting-louder/">John Matson, "Is Pop Music Evolving, or Is It Just Getting Louder?", <i>Scientific American</i>, 26 July 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323003615/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/is-pop-music-evolving-or-is-it-just-getting-louder/">Archived</a> 23 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 30 March 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508082609/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1997_articles/oct97/arranging1.html">"Making Arrangements—A Rough Guide To Song Construction & Arrangement, Part 1"</a>. <i>Sound on Sound</i>. October 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1997_articles/oct97/arranging1.html">the original</a> on 8 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sound+on+Sound&rft.atitle=Making+Arrangements%E2%80%94A+Rough+Guide+To+Song+Construction+%26+Arrangement%2C+Part+1&rft.date=1997-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fsos%2F1997_articles%2Foct97%2Farranging1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2009" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb0hAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">"Recording practices and the role of the producer"</a>. In Cook, Nicholas; Clarke, Eric; Leech-Wilkinson, Daniel (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Recorded Music</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fader&rft.atitle=New+study+finds+pop+music+has+gotten+extremely+depressing+but+also+more+fun+to+dance+to&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefader.com%2F2018%2F05%2F16%2Fsadness-in-pop-music-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_McGee" title="Alan McGee">McGee, Alan</a> (August 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2008/oct/28/madonna-pop-art">"Madonna Pop Art"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626225837/http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2008/oct/28/madonna-pop-art">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Madonna+Pop+Art&rft.date=2008-08-20&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusicblog%2F2008%2Foct%2F28%2Fmadonna-pop-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. 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Street, <i>The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55660-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55660-0">0-521-55660-0</a>, pp. 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PManuel-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PManuel_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PManuel_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PManuel_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Manuel, "Pop. Non-Western cultures 1. Global dissemination", <i>Grove Music Online</i>, retrieved 14 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strachwitz_Frontera_Collection_2017-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strachwitz_Frontera_Collection_2017_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frontera.library.ucla.edu/blog/2017/02/los-lobos-ritchie-valens-and-day-music-died">"Los Lobos, Ritchie Valens, and the Day the Music Died"</a>. <i>Strachwitz Frontera Collection</i>. February 16, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130152952/http://frontera.library.ucla.edu/blog/2017/02/los-lobos-ritchie-valens-and-day-music-died">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Strachwitz+Frontera+Collection&rft.atitle=Los+Lobos%2C+Ritchie+Valens%2C+and+the+Day+the+Music+Died&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrontera.library.ucla.edu%2Fblog%2F2017%2F02%2Flos-lobos-ritchie-valens-and-day-music-died&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldamaSandovalGarcía2012" class="citation book cs1">Aldama, A.J.; Sandoval, C.; García, P.J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a7KXaqig1YwC&pg=PA224"><i>Performing the US Latina and Latino Borderlands</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00295-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00295-2"><bdi>978-0-253-00295-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Still+No.1%2C+Record-Breaking+%27Despacito%27+Ties+%27Macarena%27+Streak+On+Hot+100%2C+But+Is+Snubbed+By+MTV&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft.aulast=Villafa%C3%B1e&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fveronicavillafane%2F2017%2F08%2F14%2Fstill-no-1-record-breaking-despacito-ties-macarena-streak-on-hot-100-but-is-snubbed-by-mtv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Often referred to in interviews, cover stories and promotional material as the new 'princess of pop'<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2002" class="citation cs2">Hopkins, Susan (2002), <i>Girl heroes: The New Force In Popular Culture</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>, p. 60</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Girl+heroes%3A+The+New+Force+In+Popular+Culture&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhoshal2018" class="citation web cs1">Ghoshal, Abhimanyu (2018-12-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/news/a-nostalgic-look-back-at-digital-music-piracy-in-the-2000s">"A nostalgic look back at digital music piracy in the 2000s"</a>. <i>TNW | Insights</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727213750/https://thenextweb.com/news/a-nostalgic-look-back-at-digital-music-piracy-in-the-2000s">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TNW+%7C+Insights&rft.atitle=A+nostalgic+look+back+at+digital+music+piracy+in+the+2000s&rft.date=2018-12-28&rft.aulast=Ghoshal&rft.aufirst=Abhimanyu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fnews%2Fa-nostalgic-look-back-at-digital-music-piracy-in-the-2000s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHova2011" class="citation web cs1">Hova, Tray (2011-02-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/studio-stories-danja-pg-2-44595/">"Studio Stories: Danja [Pg. 2]"</a>. <i>VIBE.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727213752/https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/studio-stories-danja-pg-2-44595/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VIBE.com&rft.atitle=Studio+Stories%3A+Danja+%5BPg.+2%5D&rft.date=2011-02-07&rft.aulast=Hova&rft.aufirst=Tray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vibe.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment%2Fstudio-stories-danja-pg-2-44595%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerrera2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Herrera, Monica (2010-12-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/2010-in-music-the-year-that-went-pop-949446/">"2010 in Music: The Year That Went Pop"</a>. <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=2010+in+Music%3A+The+Year+That+Went+Pop&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.aulast=Herrera&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2F2010-in-music-the-year-that-went-pop-949446%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afterglowatx.com/blog/2019/2/14/bopping-through-the-bailouts-why-the-great-recession-led-to-great-music">"Bopping Through the Bailouts: Why the Great Recession Led to Great Music"</a>. <i>afterglow</i>. 14 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708171241/https://www.afterglowatx.com/blog/2019/2/14/bopping-through-the-bailouts-why-the-great-recession-led-to-great-music">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=afterglow&rft.atitle=Bopping+Through+the+Bailouts%3A+Why+the+Great+Recession+Led+to+Great+Music&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afterglowatx.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F2%2F14%2Fbopping-through-the-bailouts-why-the-great-recession-led-to-great-music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/news/lana-del-rey-born-die-album-record-year-anniversary">"For The Record: Why Lana Del Rey's 'Born To Die' Is One Of Pop's Most Influential Albums In The Past Decade"</a>. April 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+The+Record%3A+Why+Lana+Del+Rey%27s+%27Born+To+Die%27+Is+One+Of+Pop%27s+Most+Influential+Albums+In+The+Past+Decade&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnews%2Flana-del-rey-born-die-album-record-year-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/news/lorde-pure-heroine-10th-anniversary-royals-team-tennis-court">"5 Ways Lorde's 'Pure Heroine' Helped Pave The Way For The Unconventional Modern Superstar"</a>. April 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+Ways+Lorde%27s+%27Pure+Heroine%27+Helped+Pave+The+Way+For+The+Unconventional+Modern+Superstar&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnews%2Florde-pure-heroine-10th-anniversary-royals-team-tennis-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uproxx.com/pop/taylor-swift-lana-del-rey-influential-pop-billboard-awards/">"Taylor Swift Believes Lana Del Rey Is 'The Most Influential Artist In Pop'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. April 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taylor+Swift+Believes+Lana+Del+Rey+Is+%27The+Most+Influential+Artist+In+Pop%27&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuproxx.com%2Fpop%2Ftaylor-swift-lana-del-rey-influential-pop-billboard-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APop+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno, Theodor W.</a>, (1942) "On Popular Music", Institute of Social Research.</li> <li>Bell, John L., (2000) <i>The Singing Thing: A Case for Congregational Song</i>, GIA Publications, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57999-100-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57999-100-9">1-57999-100-9</a></li> <li>Bindas, Kenneth J., (1992) <i>America's Musical Pulse: Popular Music in Twentieth-Century Society</i>, Praeger.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Clarke_(writer)" title="Donald Clarke (writer)">Clarke, Donald</a>, (1995) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071231045026/http://www.musicweb.uk.net/RiseandFall/index.htm">The Rise and Fall of Popular Music</a></i>, St Martin's Press.</li> <li>Dolfsma, Wilfred, (1999) <i>Valuing Pop Music: Institutions, Values and Economics</i>, Eburon.</li> <li>Dolfsma, Wilfred, (2004) <i>Institutional Economics and the Formation of Preferences: The Advent of Pop Music</i>, Edward Elgar Publishing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Frith" title="Simon Frith">Frith, Simon</a>, Straw, Will, Street, John, eds, (2001), <i>The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock</i>, Cambridge University Press,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Frith" title="Simon Frith">Frith, Simon</a> (2004) <i>Popular Music: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies</i>, Routledge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gillett" title="Charlie Gillett">Gillett, Charlie</a>, (1970) <i>The Sound of the City. The Rise of Rock and Roll</i>, Outerbridge & Dienstfrey.</li> <li>Hatch, David and Stephen Millward, (1987), <i>From Blues to Rock: an Analytical History of Pop Music</i>, Manchester University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-1489-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-1489-1">0-7190-1489-1</a></li> <li>Johnson, Julian, (2002) <i>Who Needs Classical Music?: Cultural Choice and Musical Value</i>, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514681-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514681-6">0-19-514681-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kent_(author)" title="Jeff Kent (author)">Kent, Jeff</a>, (1983) <i>The Rise and Fall of Rock</i>, Witan Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9508981-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9508981-0-4">0-9508981-0-4</a>.</li> <li>Lonergan, David F., (2004) <i>Hit Records, 1950–1975</i>, Scarecrow Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-5129-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-5129-6">0-8108-5129-6</a>.</li> <li>Maultsby, Portia K., (7907) <i>Intra- and International Identities in American Popular Music</i>, Trading Culture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Middleton_(musicologist)" title="Richard Middleton (musicologist)">Middleton, Richard</a>, (1990) <i>Studying Popular Music</i>, Open University Press.</li> <li>Negus, Bob, (1999) <i>Music Genres and Corporate Cultures</i>, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-17399-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-17399-X">0-415-17399-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pleasants_(music_critic)" title="Henry Pleasants (music critic)">Pleasants, Henry</a> (1969) <i>Serious Music and All That Jazz</i>, Simon & Schuster.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Roxon" title="Lillian Roxon">Roxon, Lillian</a>, (1969) <i>Rock Encyclopedia</i>, Grosset & Dunlap.</li> <li>Shuker, Roy, (2002) <i>Popular Music: The Key Concepts</i>, Routledge, (2nd edn.) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28425-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28425-2">0-415-28425-2</a>.</li> <li>Starr, Larry & Waterman, Christopher, (2002) <i>American Popular Music: From Minstrelsy to MTV</i>, Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Watkins, S. Craig, (2005) <i>Hip Hop Matters: Politics, Pop Culture, and the Struggle for the Soul of a Movement</i>, Beacon Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8070-0982-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8070-0982-2">0-8070-0982-2</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Pop music</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pop_music" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Pop music">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pop_music" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Pop music">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pop_music" class="extiw" title="q:Pop music">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37073" class="extiw" title="d:Q37073">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407053620/http://musiclife.mobi/filelist/1017/sabrang_%282017%29_mp3/new2old/1">The Consumption of Music and the Expression of Values: A Social Economic Explanation for the Advent of Pop Music</a>, Wilfred Dolfsma, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Economics_and_Sociology" class="mw-redirect" title="American Journal of Economics and Sociology">American Journal of Economics and Sociology</a></i>, October 1999.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pop_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pop_music" title="Template:Pop music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pop_music" title="Template talk:Pop music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pop_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pop music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pop_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pop music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stylistic origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_pop_music" title="Styles of pop music">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">Adult contemporary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">Rhythmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_music" title="Beach music">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building_(genre)" title="Brill Building (genre)">Brill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_music" title="Bubblegum music">Bubblegum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">Cowboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_pop" title="Cringe pop">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twee_pop" title="Twee pop">Twee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatic_pop" title="Operatic pop">Operatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">Orchestral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_pop" title="Swamp pop">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_popular_music" title="American popular music">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina#Popular_music" title="Music of Argentina">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Brazilian (MPB)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Tropipop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_popular_music" title="Hakka popular music">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyao" title="Xinyao">Xinyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinoiserie music">Chinoiserie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English_pop" title="Hong Kong English pop">Hong Kong English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_pop" title="Indo pop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-pop" title="Q-pop">Kazakhstani</a></li> <li>Korean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea#Pop_music" title="Music of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_pop" title="Lao pop">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian pop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani pop music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_pop_music" title="Thai pop music">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austropop" title="Austropop">Austropop</a></li> <li>Balkan pop-folk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederpop" title="Nederpop">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">French pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French Mandopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_pop" title="Hungarian pop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_popular_music#Rock_and_pop" title="Italian popular music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Pop_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabiz_(music_genre)" title="Rabiz (music genre)">Rabiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_popular%C4%83" title="Muzică populară">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pop" title="Russian pop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_pop" title="Serbian pop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_popular_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish popular music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union#Popular_music" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIA_music" class="mw-redirect" title="VIA music">VIA music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_in_Ukraine" title="Pop music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_soxer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby soxer (music)">Bobby soxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenybopper" title="Teenybopper">Teenybopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol#Fan_culture" title="Japanese idol"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Wota</i></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_automation" title="Pop music automation">Pop music automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_pedagogy" title="Popular music pedagogy">Popular music pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol">Teen idol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">Boy band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group">Girl group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_band" title="Virtual band">Virtual band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37073#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37073#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37073#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4046781-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pop music"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11957141f">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pop music"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11957141f">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="populární hudba"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124352&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/024568">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&oldid=1256691952">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pop_music&oldid=1256691952</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pop_music" title="Category:Pop music">Pop music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Western_culture" title="Category:Western culture">Western culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920s_neologisms" 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