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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_d%27Administraci%C3%B3_de_Terres" title="Oficina d'Administració de Terres – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oficina d'Administració de Terres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufficio_per_la_gestione_del_territorio" title="Ufficio per la gestione del territorio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ufficio per la gestione del territorio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לשכת ניהול הקרקעות של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לשכת ניהול הקרקעות של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bureau of Land Management" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="สำนักงานบริหารจัดการที่ดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สำนักงานบริหารจัดการที่ดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美國內政部土地管理局 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Agency within the US Department of the Interior</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Bureau of Land Management</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Logo_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/100px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Logo_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/150px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Logo_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/200px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="627" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Bureau of Land Management Triangle</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="240" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the Bureau of Land Management</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">December 10, 1946; 77 years ago (1946-12-10)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Grazing_Service" title="United States Grazing Service">U.S. Grazing Service</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Land_Office" title="United States General Land Office">United States General Land Office</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States federal government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">1849 C Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20240</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">Over 10,000<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.31 billion (FY2021)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Stone-Manning" title="Tracy Stone-Manning">Tracy Stone-Manning</a>, Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blm.gov">blm.gov</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010556#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a> responsible for administering <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">U.S. federal lands</a>. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the BLM oversees more than 247.3 million acres (1,001,000 km2) of land, or one-eighth of the United States's total landmass.<a href="#cite_note-stats1-3">[3]</a> The Bureau was created by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> during the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the <a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Land_Office" title="United States General Land Office">United States General Land Office</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Grazing_Service" title="United States Grazing Service">Grazing Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-montana3-4">[4]</a> The agency manages the federal government's nearly 700 million acres (2,800,000 km2) of subsurface <a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">mineral estate</a> located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Act_of_1862" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Act of 1862">Homestead Act of 1862</a>.<a href="#cite_note-montana3-4">[4]</a> Most BLM public lands are located in these 12 <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">western</a> states: <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cali-5">[5]</a> The mission of the BLM is "to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations."<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Originally BLM holdings were described as "land nobody wanted" because homesteaders had passed them by.<a href="#cite_note-cali-5">[5]</a> All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on 155 million acres (630,000 km2) of BLM public lands.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The agency manages 221 <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness area">wilderness areas</a>, 29 <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">national monuments</a> and some 636 other protected areas as part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Lands" title="National Conservation Lands">National Conservation Lands</a> (formerly known as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about 36 million acres (150,000 km2).<a href="#cite_note-BLMconservation-8">[8]</a> In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of <a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">Wild and Scenic Rivers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and nearly 6,000 miles of <a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Scenic and Historic Trails</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a>, the states, and <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-stats2-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_federal_land.agencies.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_federal_land.agencies.svg/220px-US_federal_land.agencies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_federal_land.agencies.svg/330px-US_federal_land.agencies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_federal_land.agencies.svg/440px-US_federal_land.agencies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>Map showing land owned by different federal government agencies. The yellow represents the Bureau of Land Management's holdings.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simpson_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Simpson_Park.jpg/220px-Simpson_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Simpson_Park.jpg/330px-Simpson_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Simpson_Park.jpg/440px-Simpson_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Horses crossing a plain near the Simpson Park Wilderness Study Area in central <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, managed by the Battle Mountain BLM Field Office</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snake_River_Canyon_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Snake_River_Canyon_edited.jpg/220px-Snake_River_Canyon_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Snake_River_Canyon_edited.jpg/330px-Snake_River_Canyon_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Snake_River_Canyon_edited.jpg/440px-Snake_River_Canyon_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Snow-covered cliffs of Snake River Canyon, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, managed by the Boise District of the BLM</figcaption></figure> The BLM's roots go back to the <a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">Land Ordinance of 1785</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> of 1787.<a href="#cite_note-gpo-14">[14]</a> These laws provided for the survey and settlement of the lands that the original <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> ceded to the federal government after the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gpo-14">[14]</a> As additional lands were acquired by the United States from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and other countries, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> directed that they be explored, surveyed, and made available for settlement.<a href="#cite_note-gpo-14">[14]</a> During the Revolutionary War, military bounty land was promised to soldiers who fought for the colonies.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> After the war, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris of 1783</a>, signed by the United States, the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, ceded territory to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In the 1780s, other states relinquished their own claims to land in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ohio-18">[18]</a> By this time, the United States needed revenue to function<a href="#cite_note-landord-19">[19]</a> and land was sold as a source of income for the government.<a href="#cite_note-landord-19">[19]</a> In order to sell the land, surveys needed to be conducted. The <a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">Land Ordinance of 1785</a> instructed a geographer to oversee this work as undertaken by a group of surveyors.<a href="#cite_note-landord-19">[19]</a> The first years of surveying were completed by trial and error; once the territory of Ohio had been surveyed, a modern public land survey system had been developed.<a href="#cite_note-White_1991-20">[20]</a> In 1812, Congress established the <a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Land_Office" title="United States General Land Office">United States General Land Office</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a> to oversee the disposition of these federal lands.<a href="#cite_note-Ohio-18">[18]</a> By the early 1800s, promised bounty land claims were finally fulfilled.<a href="#cite_note-war2-21">[21]</a> In the 19th century, other bounty land and homestead laws were enacted to dispose of federal land.<a href="#cite_note-gpo-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-war2-21">[21]</a> Several different types of patents existed.<a href="#cite_note-NARA-22">[22]</a> These include cash entry, credit, homestead, Indian, military warrants, mineral certificates, private land claims, railroads, state selections, swamps, town sites, and town lots.<a href="#cite_note-NARA-22">[22]</a> A system of local land offices spread throughout the territories, patenting land that was surveyed via the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_General_of_the_Northwest_Territory" title="Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory">Office of the Surveyor General</a> of a particular territory.<a href="#cite_note-NARA-22">[22]</a> This pattern gradually spread across the entire United States.<a href="#cite_note-White_1991-20">[20]</a> The laws that spurred this system with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/General_Mining_Law_of_1872" class="mw-redirect" title="General Mining Law of 1872">General Mining Law of 1872</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Land_Act" title="Desert Land Act">Desert Land Act</a> of 1877 have since been repealed or superseded.<a href="#cite_note-varied-23">[23]</a> In the early 20th century, Congress took additional steps toward recognizing the value of the assets on public lands and directed the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Branch">Executive Branch</a> to manage activities on the remaining public lands.<a href="#cite_note-varied-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mineral_Leasing_Act_of_1920" title="Mineral Leasing Act of 1920">Mineral Leasing Act of 1920</a> allowed leasing, exploration, and production of selected commodities, such as <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">gas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> to take place on public lands.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Grazing_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor Grazing Act">Taylor Grazing Act</a> of 1934 established the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Grazing_Service" title="United States Grazing Service">United States Grazing Service</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rangeland_management" title="Rangeland management">manage the public rangelands</a> by establishment of advisory boards that set grazing fees.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-montana-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oregon_and_California_Railroad_Revested_Lands" title="Oregon and California Railroad Revested Lands">Oregon and California Revested Lands Sustained Yield Management Act</a> of 1937, commonly referred as the O&C Act, required sustained <a href="/wiki/Yield_management" title="Yield management">yield management</a> of the timberlands in western Oregon.<a href="#cite_note-ochistory-27">[27]</a> In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Grazing_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Grazing Service">Grazing Service</a> was merged with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Land_Office" title="United States General Land Office">United States General Land Office</a> to form the Bureau of Land Management within the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a>.<a href="#cite_note-varied-23">[23]</a> It took several years for this new agency to integrate and reorganize.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In the end, the Bureau of Land Management became less focused on land disposal and more focused on the long term management and preservation of the land.<a href="#cite_note-varied-23">[23]</a> The agency achieved its current form by combining offices in the western states and creating a corresponding office for lands both east of and alongside the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> As a matter of course, the BLM's emphasis fell on activities in the western states as most of the mining, land sales, and federally owned areas are located west of the Mississippi.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> BLM personnel on the ground have typically been oriented toward local interests, while bureau management in Washington are led by presidential guidance.<a href="#cite_note-montana2-31">[31]</a> By means of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Land_Policy_and_Management_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Land Policy and Management Act">Federal Land Policy and Management Act</a> of 1976, Congress created a more unified bureau mission and recognized the value of the remaining public lands by declaring that these lands would remain in public ownership.<a href="#cite_note-gpo-14">[14]</a> The law directed that these lands be managed with a view toward "multiple use" defined as "management of the public lands and their various resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and future needs of the American people."<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> administration in the 1980s, Republicans have often given priority to local control and to grazing, mining and petroleum production, while Democrats have more often emphasized environmental concerns even when granting mining and drilling leases.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In September 1996, then President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> used his authority under the <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a> to establish the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase%E2%80%93Escalante_National_Monument" title="Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument">Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument</a> in southern Utah, the first of now 20 national monuments established on BLM lands and managed by the agency.<a href="#cite_note-BLMconservation-8">[8]</a> The establishment of Grand Staircase–Escalante foreshadowed later creation of the BLM's <a href="/wiki/National_Landscape_Conservation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape Conservation System">National Landscape Conservation System</a> in 2000. Use of the Antiquities Act authority, to the extent it effectively scuttled a coal mine to have been operated by <a href="/wiki/UtahAmerican_Energy" title="UtahAmerican Energy">Andalex Resources</a>, delighted recreation and conservation enthusiasts but set up larger confrontations with state and local authorities.<a href="#cite_note-headwaters-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Under the Trump administration, the BLM offered millions of acres of available Federal lands for 10-year leases for commercial development, potentially in oil and gas and mining, with the stated goal of "promoting American energy security".<a href="#cite_note-BLM_20190530-36">[36]</a> The BLM holds quarterly oil and gas lease sales.<a href="#cite_note-BLM_20190530-36">[36]</a> According to a June 18, 2018 article in The Atlantic, under the tenure of then-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Ryan Zinke</a> "practically gave away hundreds of thousands of acres of open land across the West, leasing it to energy companies for pennies on the dollar."<a href="#cite_note-theatlantic_Nazaryan_20190618-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Salt_Lake_Tribune" title="The Salt Lake Tribune">The Salt Lake Tribune</a> reported that in March 2019, the price per acre for leases near the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Spike_National_Historical_Park" title="Golden Spike National Historical Park">Golden Spike National Historical Park</a>, in Utah were "$1.50 an acre for the next two years".<a href="#cite_note-sltrib_20190327-38">[38]</a> By September 11, 2018, the Department of Interior was offering 2.9 million acres to be leased to commercial operations including drilling for oil and gas and mining in New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and other states where public land is not protected by a national park or monument designation.<a href="#cite_note-yahoo_20180911-39">[39]</a> The BLM's May 30, 2019 statement proposed an additional 183,668 acres on "lands managed by the Canyon Country, Color Country, Green River, and West Desert districts" that would be listed for the quarterly oil and gas lease sale on September 10, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-BLM_20190530-36">[36]</a> In their May 2019, September lease offerings, the BLM said that they had "245 million acres of public land located primarily in 12 Western states, including Alaska" and across the United States another "700 million acres of sub-surface mineral estate" is under their management. The statement also said that these "diverse activities authorized on these lands generated $96 billion in sales of goods and services throughout the American economy in fiscal year 2017" while supporting over 468,000 jobs".<a href="#cite_note-BLM_20190530-36">[36]</a> On August 4, 2020, President Trump signed the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Outdoors_Act" title="Great American Outdoors Act">Great American Outdoors Act</a> into law, committing up to $1.9 billion from energy development revenues to the National Parks and Public Land Legacy Restoration Fund each year for five years for needed maintenance for critical facilities and infrastructure in national parks, forests, wildlife refuges, recreation areas and American Indian schools. The Act also committed $900 million a year in royalties from offshore oil and natural gas to permanently fund the <a href="/wiki/Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund" title="Land and Water Conservation Fund">Land and Water Conservation Fund</a> investments in conservation and recreation opportunities across the country.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Also in August 2020, the BLM headquarters was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction,_Colorado" title="Grand Junction, Colorado">Grand Junction, Colorado</a>, by an order signed by Interior Secretary <a href="/wiki/David_Bernhardt" title="David Bernhardt">David Bernhardt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The relocation was praised by Republican Western politicians but criticized by Democrats as a move to weaken the agency through the loss of experienced staffers, who opted to stay in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Some ranchers were concerned about the isolation of Grand Junction compared to other Western cities, having limited flights and road access.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> After the announcement, 87% of D.C.-based employees left, prompting former lead career BLM official Steve Ellis to state "the bureau lost a tremendous amount of expertise...[of] very seasoned people."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> On September 17, 2021, Secretary <a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> announced that the headquarters would be moved back to Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Under the Biden administration, the BLM is working on a pilot project called "outcomes-based grazing", to see if cattle grazing can help achieve conservation, agency director <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Stone-Manning" title="Tracy Stone-Manning">Tracy Stone-Manning</a> said in an interview published in April 2022.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In June 2022, the BLM finalized two acquisitions in Colorado and Wyoming, acquiring over 40,000 acres of previously inaccessible land. The acquisition in Wyoming for 35,670 acres is the agency's largest ever purchase in the state.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 2024 the Department of the Interior has begun to advance a new rule according to which the Bureau of Land Management can distribute restoration leases and mitigation leases exactly in the same way as it distributes new leases for oil and gas drilling. The designed land will be used for nature conservation including use of indigenous knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Programs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/220px-Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/330px-Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/440px-Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Most of the public lands held by the Bureau of Land Management are located in the western states.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Grazing. The BLM manages livestock grazing on nearly 155 million acres (630,000 km2) million acres under the <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Grazing_Act_of_1934" title="Taylor Grazing Act of 1934">Taylor Grazing Act of 1934</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a> The agency has granted more than 18,000 permits and leases to ranchers who graze their livestock, mostly cattle and sheep, at least part of the year on BLM public lands.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a> Permits and leases generally cover a 10-year period and are renewable if the BLM determines that the terms and conditions of the expiring permit or lease are being met.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a> The federal grazing fee is adjusted annually and is calculated using a formula originally set by Congress in the <a href="/wiki/Public_Rangelands_Improvement_Act_of_1978" title="Public Rangelands Improvement Act of 1978">Public Rangelands Improvement Act of 1978</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a> Under this formula, the grazing fee cannot fall below $1.35 per <a href="/wiki/Animal_unit" title="Animal unit">animal unit</a> month (AUM), nor can any fee increase or decrease exceed 25 percent of the previous year's level.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The grazing fee for 2014 was set at $1.35 per AUM, the same level as for 2013.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a> Over time there has been a gradual decrease in the amount of grazing that takes place on BLM-managed land.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a> Grazing on public lands has declined from 18.2 million AUMs in 1954 to 7.9 million AUMs in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-blmgrazing-55">[55]</a></li> <li>Mining. Domestic production from over 63,000 Federal onshore <a href="/wiki/Oil_well" title="Oil well">oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gas_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas well">gas wells</a> on BLM lands accounts for 11 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> supply and five percent of the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> supply in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> BLM has on record a total of 290,000 mining claims under the <a href="/wiki/General_Mining_Law_of_1872" class="mw-redirect" title="General Mining Law of 1872">General Mining Law of 1872</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blmmining-58">[58]</a> The BLM issues permits for oil and gas, coal, strategic minerals, and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> resources such as wind, geothermal and solar to be developed on public lands.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The total mining claims on lands owned by the BLM has decreased while the number of rejected claims has increased. Among the over 3.8 million mining claims overseen by BLM just over 10% of claims still active, of which Nevada has the most at 203,705 and California has 49,259.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Coal leases. The BLM holds the coal mineral estate to more than 570 million acres (2,300,000 km2) where the owner of the surface is the federal government, a state or local government, or a private entity.<a href="#cite_note-coal-61">[61]</a> As of 2013, the BLM had competitively granted 309 leases for coal mining to 474,252 acres (191,923 ha), an increase of 13,487 acres (5,458 ha) or nearly 3% increase in land subject to coal production over ten years' time.<a href="#cite_note-coal-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Recreation. The BLM administers 205,498 miles (330,717 km) of fishable streams, 2.2 million acres (8,900 km2) of <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reservoir_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservoir (water)">reservoirs</a>, 6,600 miles (10,600 km) of floatable rivers, over 500 boating access points, 69 <a href="/wiki/National_Back_Country_Byway" class="mw-redirect" title="National Back Country Byway">National Back Country Byways</a>, and 300 Watchable Wildlife sites.<a href="#cite_note-outfit-62">[62]</a> The agency also manages 4,500 miles (7,200 km) of <a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trails</a>, as well as thousands of miles of multiple use trails used by motorcyclists, hikers, <a href="/wiki/Equestrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrians">equestrians</a>, and mountain bikers.<a href="#cite_note-outfit-62">[62]</a> In 2013, BLM lands received an estimated 61.7 million recreational visitors.<a href="#cite_note-stats-63">[63]</a> Over 99% of BLM-managed lands are open to hunting, recreational shooting opportunities, and fishing.</li> <li>Conservation. The National Landscape Conservation System preserves a variety of lands protected from development.</li> <li>California Desert Conservation Area. The California Desert Conservation Area covers 25 million acres (100,000 km2) of land in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">southern California</a> designated by Congress in 1976 by means of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Land_Policy_and_Management_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Land Policy and Management Act">Federal Land Policy and Management Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CDCA-64">[64]</a> BLM is charged with administering about 10 million acres (40,000 km2) of this fragile area with its potential for <a href="/wiki/Multiple_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple use">multiple uses</a> in mind.<a href="#cite_note-CDCA-64">[64]</a></li> <li>Timberlands. The Bureau manages 55 million acres (220,000 km2) of <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodlands</a>, including 11 million acres (45,000 km2) of commercial forest and 44 million acres (180,000 km2) of woodlands in 11 western states and <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gaotimber-65">[65]</a> 53 million acres (210,000 km2) are productive forests and woodlands on public domain lands and 2.4 million acres (9,700 km2) are on <a href="/wiki/Oregon_and_California_Railroad_Revested_Lands" title="Oregon and California Railroad Revested Lands">O&C lands</a> in western Oregon.<a href="#cite_note-gaotimber-65">[65]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calm_Before_the_Storm_(8555289958).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Calm_Before_the_Storm_%288555289958%29.jpg/220px-Calm_Before_the_Storm_%288555289958%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Calm_Before_the_Storm_%288555289958%29.jpg/330px-Calm_Before_the_Storm_%288555289958%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Calm_Before_the_Storm_%288555289958%29.jpg/440px-Calm_Before_the_Storm_%288555289958%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>Fatigued BLM Firefighters taking a break after a fire in Oregon in 2008</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Firefighting. Well in excess of 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">full-time equivalent</a> firefighting personnel work for BLM.<a href="#cite_note-BLMfire-66">[66]</a> The agency fought 2,573 fires on BLM-managed lands in fiscal year 2013.<a href="#cite_note-stats-63">[63]</a></li> <li>Mineral rights on Indian lands. As part of its trust responsibilities, the BLM provides technical advice for minerals operations on 56 million acres (230,000 km2) of Indian lands.<a href="#cite_note-blmMinerals-67">[67]</a></li> <li>Leasing and Land Management of Split Estates. A split estate is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Broad_form_deed" title="Broad form deed">broad form deeds</a> used, starting in the early 1900s. It is a separation of mineral rights and surface rights on a property. The BLM manages split estates, but only in cases when the "surface rights are privately owned and the rights to the minerals are held by the Federal Government."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Cadastral surveys. The BLM is the official record keeper for over 200 years' worth of <a href="/wiki/Cadastral_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadastral survey">cadastral survey</a> records and plats as part of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Land_Survey_System" title="Public Land Survey System">Public Land Survey System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-surveys-69">[69]</a> In addition, the Bureau still completes numerous new surveys each year, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, and conducts resurveys to restore obliterated or lost original surveys.<a href="#cite_note-surveys-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Abandoned mines. BLM maintains an inventory of known <a href="/wiki/Abandoned_mine" title="Abandoned mine">abandoned mines</a> on the lands it manages.<a href="#cite_note-blmmines-70">[70]</a> As of April 2014, the inventory contained nearly 46,000 sites and 85,000 other features.<a href="#cite_note-blmmines-70">[70]</a> Approximately 23% of the sites had either been remediated, had reclamation actions planned or underway, or did not require further action. The remaining sites require further investigation.<a href="#cite_note-blmmines-70">[70]</a> A 2008 <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspector General">Inspector General</a> report alleges that BLM has for decades neglected the dangers represented by these abandoned mines.<a href="#cite_note-IGmines-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Energy corridors. Approximately 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of energy corridors for <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipelines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">transmission lines</a> are located on BLM-managed lands.<a href="#cite_note-apps1.eere.energy.gov-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Helium. BLM operates the <a href="/wiki/National_Helium_Reserve" title="National Helium Reserve">National Helium Reserve</a> near Amarillo, Texas, a program begun in 1925 during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> Wars.<a href="#cite_note-slatehelium-73">[73]</a> Though the reserve had been set to be moved to private hands, it remains subject to oversight of the BLM under the provisions of the unanimously-passed Responsible Helium Administration and Stewardship Act of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-slatehelium-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>Revenue and fees. The BLM produces significant revenue for the United States budget.<a href="#cite_note-bisson-75">[75]</a> In 2009, public lands were expected to generate an estimated $6.2 billion in revenues, mostly from energy development.<a href="#cite_note-bisson-75">[75]</a> Nearly 43.5% of these funds are provided directly to states and counties to support roads, schools, and other community needs.<a href="#cite_note-bisson-75">[75]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Landscape_Conservation_System">National Landscape Conservation System</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National Landscape Conservation System">edit</a>]</div> Established in 2000, the <a href="/wiki/National_Landscape_Conservation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape Conservation System">National Landscape Conservation System</a> is overseen by the BLM.<a href="#cite_note-wilderness-76">[76]</a> The National Landscape Conservation System lands constitute just about 12% of the lands managed by the BLM.<a href="#cite_note-wilderness-76">[76]</a> Congress passed Title II of the <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Public_Land_Management_Act_of_2009" title="Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009">Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009</a> (Public Law 111-11) to make the system a permanent part of the public lands protection system in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-wilderness-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> By designating these areas for conservation, the law directed the BLM to ensure these places are protected for future generations, similar to <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife refuge">wildlife refuges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wilderness-76">[76]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Category </th> <th>Unit type </th> <th>Number </th> <th>BLM acres </th> <th>BLM miles </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Landscape_Conservation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape Conservation System">National Conservation Lands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National Monuments</a> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>5,590,135 acres (22,622.47 km2) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Landscape_Conservation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape Conservation System">National Conservation Lands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Area" title="National Conservation Area">National Conservation Areas</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>3,671,519 acres (14,858.11 km2) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Landscape_Conservation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape Conservation System">National Conservation Lands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Landscape_Conservation_System#Other" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape Conservation System">Areas Similar to National Conservation Areas</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>436,164 acres (1,765.09 km2) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act" title="Wilderness Act">Wilderness</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">Wilderness Areas</a> </td> <td>221 </td> <td>8,711,938 acres (35,255.96 km2) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act" title="Wilderness Act">Wilderness</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Study_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness Study Area">Wilderness Study Areas</a> </td> <td>528 </td> <td>12,760,472 acres (51,639.80 km2) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic Rivers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic Rivers</a> </td> <td>69 </td> <td>1,001,353 acres (4,052.33 km2) </td> <td>2,423 miles (3,899 km) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails System</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic Trails</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td> </td> <td>5,078 miles (8,172 km) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails System</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trails</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>683 miles (1,099 km) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Totals </td> <td>877 </td> <td>About 36 million acres (150,000 km2) (some units overlap) </td> <td>8,184 miles (13,171 km) </td></tr></tbody></table> Source: BLM Resources and Statistics<a href="#cite_note-monumentsStats-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_enforcement_and_security">Law enforcement and security</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Law enforcement and security">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011-08-04_20_00_00_Susie_Fire_in_the_Adobe_Range_west_of_Elko_Nevada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2011-08-04_20_00_00_Susie_Fire_in_the_Adobe_Range_west_of_Elko_Nevada.jpg/220px-2011-08-04_20_00_00_Susie_Fire_in_the_Adobe_Range_west_of_Elko_Nevada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2011-08-04_20_00_00_Susie_Fire_in_the_Adobe_Range_west_of_Elko_Nevada.jpg/330px-2011-08-04_20_00_00_Susie_Fire_in_the_Adobe_Range_west_of_Elko_Nevada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2011-08-04_20_00_00_Susie_Fire_in_the_Adobe_Range_west_of_Elko_Nevada.jpg/440px-2011-08-04_20_00_00_Susie_Fire_in_the_Adobe_Range_west_of_Elko_Nevada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Lightning-sparked wildfires are frequent occurrences on BLM land in Nevada.</figcaption></figure>The BLM, through its Office of Law Enforcement & Security, functions as a <a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">federal law enforcement agency</a> of the United States Government. BLM law enforcement <a href="/wiki/Park_ranger" title="Park ranger">rangers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_agent" title="Special agent">special agents</a> receive their training through <a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers">Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</a> (FLETC).<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Full-time staffing for these positions approaches 300.<a href="#cite_note-green-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-blmLE-81">[81]</a> Uniformed rangers enforce laws and regulations governing BLM lands and resources.<a href="#cite_note-blmrangers-82">[82]</a> As part of that mission, these BLM rangers carry firearms and defensive equipment, make arrests, execute search warrants, complete reports and testify in court.<a href="#cite_note-blmrangers-82">[82]</a> They seek to establish a regular and recurring presence on a vast amount of public lands, roads and recreation sites. They focus on the protection of natural and cultural resources, other BLM employees and visitors.<a href="#cite_note-blmrangers-82">[82]</a> Given the many locations of BLM public lands, these rangers use canines, helicopters, snowmobiles, dirt bikes and boats to perform their duties.<a href="#cite_note-blmrangers-82">[82]</a> By contrast BLM special agents are <a href="/wiki/Detective" title="Detective">criminal investigators</a> who plan and conduct investigations concerning possible violations of criminal and administrative provisions of the BLM and other statutes under the United States Code.<a href="#cite_note-BLMSA-83">[83]</a> Special agents are normally plain clothes officers who carry concealed firearms and other defensive equipment, make arrests, carry out complex criminal investigations, present cases for prosecution to local <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorneys" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Attorneys">United States Attorneys</a> and prepare investigative reports.<a href="#cite_note-BLMSA-83">[83]</a> Criminal investigators occasionally conduct internal and civil claim investigations.<a href="#cite_note-BLMSA-83">[83]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> The current sidearm is the <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P320" title="SIG Sauer P320">SIG Sauer P320</a> chambered in 9mm which is replacing the <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P226" title="SIG Sauer P226">SIG Sauer P226</a>/P229 both chambered in .40 S&W. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wild_horse_and_burro_program">Wild horse and burro program</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wild horse and burro program">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mustang" title="Mustang">Mustang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burro" class="mw-redirect" title="Burro">Burro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_and_Free-Roaming_Horses_and_Burros_Act_of_1971" title="Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971">Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_BLM_Herd_Management_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of BLM Herd Management Areas">List of BLM Herd Management Areas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TuleHorses.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/TuleHorses.JPG/220px-TuleHorses.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/TuleHorses.JPG/330px-TuleHorses.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/TuleHorses.JPG/440px-TuleHorses.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mustang" title="Mustang">Mustangs</a> run across <a href="/wiki/Tule_Valley" title="Tule Valley">Tule Valley</a>, Utah</figcaption></figure> The BLM manages <a href="/wiki/Free-roaming_horse_management_in_North_America" title="Free-roaming horse management in North America">free-roaming horses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burro" class="mw-redirect" title="Burro">burros</a> on public lands in ten western states.<a href="#cite_note-QF-84">[84]</a> Though they are <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">feral</a>, the agency is obligated to protect them under the <a href="/wiki/Wild_and_Free-Roaming_Horses_and_Burros_Act_of_1971" title="Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971">Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971</a> (WFRHBA).<a href="#cite_note-QF-84">[84]</a> As the horses have few natural predators, populations have grown substantially.<a href="#cite_note-QF-84">[84]</a> WFRHBA as enacted provides for the removal of excess animals; the killing of lame, old, or sick animals; the private placement or adoption of excess animals; and even the killing of healthy animals if range management required it.<a href="#cite_note-iraola-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-SterbaRevived-86">[86]</a> The killing of healthy or unhealthy horses has almost never occurred.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Public_Rangelands_Improvement_Act_of_1978" title="Public Rangelands Improvement Act of 1978">Public Rangelands Improvement Act of 1978</a>, the BLM has established 179 "herd management areas" (HMAs) covering 31.6 million acres (128,000 km2) acres where feral horses can be found on federal lands.<a href="#cite_note-QF-84">[84]</a> In 1973, BLM began a pilot project on the <a href="/wiki/Pryor_Mountains_Wild_Horse_Range" title="Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range">Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range</a> known as the Adopt-A-Horse initiative.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt528-88">[88]</a> The program took advantage of provisions in the WFRHBA to allow private "qualified" individuals to "adopt" as many horses as they wanted if they could show that they could provide adequate care for the animals.<a href="#cite_note-Glover11111112-89">[89]</a> At the time, title to the horses remained permanently with the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-SterbaRevived-86">[86]</a> The pilot project was so successful that BLM allowed it to go nationwide in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt528-88">[88]</a> The Adopt-a-Horse program quickly became the primary method of removing excess feral horses from BLM land given the lack of other viable methods.<a href="#cite_note-Glover11111112-89">[89]</a> The BLM also uses limited amounts of contraceptives in the herd, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Porcine_zona_pellucida" title="Porcine zona pellucida">PZP</a> vaccinations; advocates say that additional use of these vaccines would help to diminish the excess number of horses currently under BLM management.<a href="#cite_note-RaiaFuture-90">[90]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_Burros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wild_Burros.jpg/220px-Wild_Burros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wild_Burros.jpg/330px-Wild_Burros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wild_Burros.jpg/440px-Wild_Burros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">Feral</a> burros in <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Canyon_National_Conservation_Area" title="Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area">Red Rock Canyon</a></figcaption></figure> Despite the early successes of the adoption program, the BLM has struggled to maintain acceptable herd levels, as without natural predators, herd sizes can double every four years.<a href="#cite_note-QF-84">[84]</a> As of 2014, there were more than 49,000 horses and burros on BLM-managed land, exceeding the BLM's estimated "appropriate management level" (AML) by almost 22,500.<a href="#cite_note-QF-84">[84]</a> The Bureau of Land Management has implemented several programs and has developed partnerships as part of their management plan for preserving wild burros and horses in the United States. There are several herds of horses and burros roaming free on 26.9 million acres of range spread out in ten western states. It is essential to maintain a balance that keeps herd management land and animal population healthy. Some programs and partnerships include the Mustang Heritage Foundation, U.S. Border Patrol, Idaho 4H, Napa Mustang Days and Little Book Cliffs Darting Team. These partnerships help with adoption and animal population as well as education and raising awareness about wild horses and burros.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renewable_energy">Renewable energy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Renewable energy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility_from_the_air_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility_from_the_air_2014.jpg/220px-Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility_from_the_air_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility_from_the_air_2014.jpg/330px-Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility_from_the_air_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility_from_the_air_2014.jpg/440px-Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility_from_the_air_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5701" data-file-height="3806" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photograph of <a href="/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility" title="Ivanpah Solar Power Facility">Ivanpah Solar Power Facility</a> located on BLM-managed land in the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></figcaption></figure> In 2009, BLM opened Renewable Energy Coordination Offices in order to approve and oversee wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal projects on BLM-managed lands.<a href="#cite_note-apps1.eere.energy.gov-72">[72]</a> The offices were located in the four states where energy companies had shown the greatest interest in <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> development: <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-apps1.eere.energy.gov-72">[72]</a> <ul><li>Solar energy. In 2010, BLM approved the first utility-scale <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> projects on public land.<a href="#cite_note-sunland-92">[92]</a> As of 2014, 70 solar energy projects covering 560,000 acres (2,300 km2) had been proposed on public lands managed by BLM primarily located in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BLMFactSolar-93">[93]</a> To date, it has approved 29 projects that have the potential to generate 8,786 megawatts of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> or enough energy to power roughly 2.6 million homes.<a href="#cite_note-BLMFactSolar-93">[93]</a> The projects range in size from a 45-megawatt photovoltaic system on 422 acres (171 ha) to a 1,000-megawatt parabolic trough system on 7,025 acres (2,843 ha).<a href="#cite_note-BLMFactSolar-93">[93]</a></li> <li>Wind energy. BLM manages 20.6 million acres (83,000 km2) of public lands with <a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind potential</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newenergy-94">[94]</a> It has authorized 39 wind energy development projects with a total approved capacity of 5,557 megawatts or enough to supply the power needs of over 1.5 million homes.<a href="#cite_note-BLMwind-95">[95]</a> In addition, BLM has authorized over 100 wind energy testing sites.<a href="#cite_note-gaorenew-96">[96]</a></li> <li>Geothermal energy. BLM manages 59 geothermal leases in producing status, with a total capacity of 1,500 megawatts.<a href="#cite_note-geoBLM-97">[97]</a> This amounts to over 40% of the <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">geothermal energy</a> capacity in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-geoBLM-97">[97]</a></li> <li>Biomass and bioenergy. Its large portfolio of productive timberlands leaves BLM with woody <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> among its line of forest products.<a href="#cite_note-biomass-98">[98]</a> The biomass is composed of "smaller diameter materials" and other debris that result from timber production and forest management.<a href="#cite_note-biomass-98">[98]</a> Though the use of these materials as a renewable resource is nascent, the agency is engaged in pilot projects to increase the use of its biomass supplies in <a href="/wiki/Bioenergy" title="Bioenergy">bioenergy</a> programs.<a href="#cite_note-biomass-98">[98]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Directors">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Directors of the BLM 1946–present<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Years </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Fred_W._Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fred_W._Johnson.jpg/75px-Fred_W._Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fred_W._Johnson.jpg/113px-Fred_W._Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Fred_W._Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="193" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Johnson" title="Fred W. Johnson">Fred W. Johnson</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td> <td>1946–1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Marion_Clawson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Marion_Clawson.jpg/75px-Marion_Clawson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Marion_Clawson.jpg/113px-Marion_Clawson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Marion_Clawson.jpg/150px-Marion_Clawson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="532" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marion_Clawson" title="Marion Clawson">Marion Clawson</a> </td> <td>1948–1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Woozley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Edward_Woozley.jpg/75px-Edward_Woozley.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Edward_Woozley.jpg/113px-Edward_Woozley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Edward_Woozley.jpg/150px-Edward_Woozley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="536" /></a> </td> <td>Edward Woosley </td> <td>1953–1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Landstrom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Karl_Landstrom.jpg/75px-Karl_Landstrom.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Karl_Landstrom.jpg/113px-Karl_Landstrom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Karl_Landstrom.jpg/150px-Karl_Landstrom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="536" /></a> </td> <td>Karl Landstrom </td> <td>1961–1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Stoddard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Charles_Stoddard.jpg/75px-Charles_Stoddard.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Charles_Stoddard.jpg/113px-Charles_Stoddard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Charles_Stoddard.jpg/150px-Charles_Stoddard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="540" /></a> </td> <td>Charles Stoddard </td> <td>1963–1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Boyd_Rasmussen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Boyd_Rasmussen.jpg/75px-Boyd_Rasmussen.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Boyd_Rasmussen.jpg/113px-Boyd_Rasmussen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Boyd_Rasmussen.jpg/150px-Boyd_Rasmussen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="529" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Rasmussen" title="Boyd Rasmussen">Boyd Rasmussen</a> </td> <td>1966–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Burton_W._Silcock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Burton_W._Silcock.jpg/75px-Burton_W._Silcock.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Burton_W._Silcock.jpg/113px-Burton_W._Silcock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Burton_W._Silcock.jpg/150px-Burton_W._Silcock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="536" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burton_W._Silcock" title="Burton W. Silcock">Burton W. Silcock</a> </td> <td>1971–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Curt_Berklund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Curt_Berklund.jpg/75px-Curt_Berklund.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Curt_Berklund.jpg/113px-Curt_Berklund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Curt_Berklund.jpg/150px-Curt_Berklund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="526" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curt_Berklund" title="Curt Berklund">Curt Berklund</a> </td> <td>1973–1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Gregg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Frank_Gregg.jpg/75px-Frank_Gregg.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Frank_Gregg.jpg/113px-Frank_Gregg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Frank_Gregg.jpg/150px-Frank_Gregg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="1060" /></a> </td> <td>Frank Gregg </td> <td>1978–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F._Burford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Robert_F._Burford.jpg/75px-Robert_F._Burford.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Robert_F._Burford.jpg/113px-Robert_F._Burford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Robert_F._Burford.jpg/150px-Robert_F._Burford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="538" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Burford" title="Robert F. Burford">Robert F. Burford</a> </td> <td>1981–1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Cy_Jamison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cy_Jamison.jpg/75px-Cy_Jamison.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cy_Jamison.jpg/113px-Cy_Jamison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cy_Jamison.jpg/150px-Cy_Jamison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="650" /></a> </td> <td>Cy Jamison </td> <td>1989–1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:JimBaca_(148013469).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JimBaca_%28148013469%29.jpg/75px-JimBaca_%28148013469%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JimBaca_%28148013469%29.jpg/113px-JimBaca_%28148013469%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JimBaca_%28148013469%29.jpg/150px-JimBaca_%28148013469%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="640" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Baca" title="Jim Baca">Jim Baca</a> </td> <td>1993–1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:DombeckMichael.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DombeckMichael.jpg/75px-DombeckMichael.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DombeckMichael.jpg/113px-DombeckMichael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DombeckMichael.jpg/150px-DombeckMichael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="348" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dombeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Dombeck">Mike Dombeck</a> </td> <td>(Acting) 1994 – 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pat_Shea_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pat_Shea_1998.jpg/75px-Pat_Shea_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pat_Shea_1998.jpg/113px-Pat_Shea_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Pat_Shea_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="168" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Shea_(Utah_lawyer)" title="Patrick Shea (Utah lawyer)">Pat Shea</a> </td> <td>1997–1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Fry_1999-4-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tom_Fry_1999-4-20.jpg/75px-Tom_Fry_1999-4-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tom_Fry_1999-4-20.jpg/113px-Tom_Fry_1999-4-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Tom_Fry_1999-4-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="193" /></a> </td> <td>Tom Fry </td> <td>1998–2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kathleen_Clarke_(Bureau_of_Land_Management).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kathleen_Clarke_%28Bureau_of_Land_Management%29.jpg/75px-Kathleen_Clarke_%28Bureau_of_Land_Management%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kathleen_Clarke_%28Bureau_of_Land_Management%29.jpg/113px-Kathleen_Clarke_%28Bureau_of_Land_Management%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kathleen_Clarke_%28Bureau_of_Land_Management%29.jpg/150px-Kathleen_Clarke_%28Bureau_of_Land_Management%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="360" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Clarke_(Bureau_of_Land_Management)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Clarke (Bureau of Land Management)">Kathleen Clarke</a> </td> <td>2000–2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:James_Caswell_-_blm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/James_Caswell_-_blm.jpg/75px-James_Caswell_-_blm.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/James_Caswell_-_blm.jpg/113px-James_Caswell_-_blm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/James_Caswell_-_blm.jpg/150px-James_Caswell_-_blm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="311" /></a> </td> <td>James Caswell </td> <td>2007–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Abbey_2010-09-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Robert_Abbey_2010-09-15.jpg/75px-Robert_Abbey_2010-09-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Robert_Abbey_2010-09-15.jpg/113px-Robert_Abbey_2010-09-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Robert_Abbey_2010-09-15.jpg/150px-Robert_Abbey_2010-09-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="520" /></a> </td> <td>Robert Abbey </td> <td>2009 – 2012<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Pool_2009-02-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mike_Pool_2009-02-18.jpg/75px-Mike_Pool_2009-02-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mike_Pool_2009-02-18.jpg/113px-Mike_Pool_2009-02-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Mike_Pool_2009-02-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="86" /></a> </td> <td>Mike Pool </td> <td>2012–2013 (acting) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Neil_Kornze.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Neil_Kornze.jpeg/75px-Neil_Kornze.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Neil_Kornze.jpeg/113px-Neil_Kornze.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Neil_Kornze.jpeg/150px-Neil_Kornze.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="3540" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kornze" title="Neil Kornze">Neil Kornze</a> </td> <td>2013 (acting) 2014–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kristin_Bail_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kristin_Bail_2012.jpg/75px-Kristin_Bail_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kristin_Bail_2012.jpg/113px-Kristin_Bail_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kristin_Bail_2012.jpg/150px-Kristin_Bail_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="379" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristin_Bail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristin Bail (page does not exist)">Kristin Bail</a> </td> <td>2017 (acting) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Nedd_March_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Michael_Nedd_March_2017.jpg/75px-Michael_Nedd_March_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Michael_Nedd_March_2017.jpg/113px-Michael_Nedd_March_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Michael_Nedd_March_2017.jpg/150px-Michael_Nedd_March_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="467" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Nedd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Nedd (page does not exist)">Michael Nedd</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td> <td>2017 (acting) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Brian Steed </td> <td>2017–2019 (acting) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:William_Perry_Pendley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/William_Perry_Pendley.jpg/75px-William_Perry_Pendley.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/William_Perry_Pendley.jpg/113px-William_Perry_Pendley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/William_Perry_Pendley.jpg/150px-William_Perry_Pendley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="640" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Perry_Pendley" title="William Perry Pendley">William Perry Pendley</a> </td> <td>2019–2021 (acting) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nada_Wolff_Culver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nada Wolff Culver (page does not exist)">Nada Wolff Culver</a> </td> <td>2021 (acting) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tracy_Stone-Manning,_BLM_Director_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tracy_Stone-Manning%2C_BLM_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Tracy_Stone-Manning%2C_BLM_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tracy_Stone-Manning%2C_BLM_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Tracy_Stone-Manning%2C_BLM_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tracy_Stone-Manning%2C_BLM_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Tracy_Stone-Manning%2C_BLM_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="349" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Stone-Manning" title="Tracy Stone-Manning">Tracy Stone-Manning</a> </td> <td>2021–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Range_Improvement_Funds" title="Range Improvement Funds">Range Improvement Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangeland_management" title="Rangeland management">Rangeland management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagebrush_Rebellion" title="Sagebrush Rebellion">Sagebrush Rebellion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved October 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.blm.gov&rft.atitle=Programs%3A+National+Conservation+Lands%3A+Wild+and+Scenic+Rivers+%7C+BUREAU+OF+LAND+MANAGEMENT&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blm.gov%2Fprograms%2Fnational-conservation-lands%2Fwild-and-scenic-rivers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130010204/https://www.blm.gov/programs/national-conservation-lands/national-scenic-and-historic-trails">"Programs: National Conservation Lands: National Scenic and Historic Trails | BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT"</a>. www.blm.gov. September 30, 2016. 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Retrieved October 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.blm.gov&rft.atitle=Programs%3A+National+Conservation+Lands%3A+National+Scenic+and+Historic+Trails+%7C+BUREAU+OF+LAND+MANAGEMENT&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blm.gov%2Fprograms%2Fnational-conservation-lands%2Fnational-scenic-and-historic-trails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats2-11"><a href="#cite_ref-stats2_11-0">^</a> See Part 3 of the BLM's Public Land Statistics, "Commercial Uses and Revenue Generated" </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141127214615/http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/energy/oil_and_gas.html">"Oil and Gas"</a>. BLM. 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Retrieved November 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Energy+for+America&rft.pub=BLM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blm.gov%2Fwo%2Fst%2Fen%2Fprog%2Fenergy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gpo-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gpo_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo_14-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo_14-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-DOI-BLM-PUBLAND-1996/html/GPO-DOI-BLM-PUBLAND-1996-2.htm">"The BLM: The Agency and its History"</a>. 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BLM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232809/http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/ut/vernal_fo/lands___minerals.Par.6287.File.dat/MineralLeasingAct1920.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Leasing+Act+of+1920+As+Amended&rft.pub=BLM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blm.gov%2Fpgdata%2Fetc%2Fmedialib%2Fblm%2Fut%2Fvernal_fo%2Flands___minerals.Par.6287.File.dat%2FMineralLeasingAct1920.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWishart" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Wishart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David J. 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Bureau of Land Management. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024061002/http://www.blm.gov/or/files/OC_History.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2012. 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Denver: BLM. p. 52. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731005148/https://archive.org/stream/opportunitychall00muhn/opportunitychall00muhn_djvu.txt">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2019. 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Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.atitle=Share+President+Trump+Signs+Most+Historic+Conservation+Funding+Legislation+in+U.S.+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Fblog%2Fpresident-trump-signs-most-historic-conservation-funding-legislation-us-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-08-04/trump-signs-3b-a-year-plan-to-boost-conservation-parks">"Trump signs $3-billion-a-year plan to boost conservation, parks"</a>. 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Retrieved December 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amp.theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Grand+Junction+is+%27darn+hard+to+get+to%27%3A+ranchers+split+on+public+lands+agency%27s+move+west+%7C+Environment+%7C+The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2020%2Fdec%2F11%2Fbureau-land-management-public-lands-west-colorado&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeitsch2021" class="citation news cs1">Beitsch, Rebecca (January 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/536384-blm-exodus-agency-lost-87-percent-of-staff-in-trump-relocation">"Bureau of Land Management exodus: Agency lost 87 percent of staff in Trump HQ relocation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. Retrieved July 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Bureau+of+Land+Management+exodus%3A+Agency+lost+87+percent+of+staff+in+Trump+HQ+relocation&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.aulast=Beitsch&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fenergy-environment%2F536384-blm-exodus-agency-lost-87-percent-of-staff-in-trump-relocation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Interior_Press_Team2021" class="citation web cs1">US Interior Press Team [@USInteriorPress] (September 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/USInteriorPress/status/1438965957809016837">"Today, @SecDebHaaland announced next steps to rebuild and strengthen @BLMNational, including plans to restore the national headquarters to Washington, D.C. and expand the Western headquarters in Grand Junction, Colorado"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405075858/https://twitter.com/USInteriorPress/status/1438965957809016837">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today%2C+%40SecDebHaaland+announced+next+steps+to+rebuild+and+strengthen+%40BLMNational%2C+including+plans+to+restore+the+national+headquarters+to+Washington%2C+D.C.+and+expand+the+Western+headquarters+in+Grand+Junction%2C+Colorado.&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.au=US+Interior+Press+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FUSInteriorPress%2Fstatus%2F1438965957809016837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSecretary_Deb_Haaland2021" class="citation web cs1">Secretary Deb Haaland [@SecDebHaaland] (September 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/SecDebHaaland/status/1438966794656567296">"The Bureau of Land Management is critical to the nation's efforts to address the climate crisis and expanding access to public lands. 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Department of Interior. May 10, 2012. Archived from the original on September 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BLM+Director+Bob+Abbey+to+Retire+After+34+Years+of+Public+Service&rft.pub=Department+of+Interior&rft.date=2012-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blm.gov%2Fut%2Fst%2Fen%2Finfo%2Fnewsroom%2F2012%2Fmay%2Fblm_director_bob_abbey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurr2017" class="citation news cs1">Burr, Thomas (March 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/news/5062376-155/interior-names-energy-and-mineral-chief">"Interior names energy and mineral chief new acting BLM director"</a>. Salt Lake Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054401/http://www.sltrib.com/news/5062376-155/interior-names-energy-and-mineral-chief">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.atitle=Interior+names+energy+and+mineral+chief+new+acting+BLM+director&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft.aulast=Burr&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Fnews%2F5062376-155%2Finterior-names-energy-and-mineral-chief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABureau+of+Land+Management" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Skillen, James R. The Nation's Largest Landlord: The Bureau of Land Management in the American West (University Press of Kansas, 2009) 320 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Nations-Largest-Landlord-Management-American/dp/0700618953/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>United States. Congress. Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo54870">BLM Permit Processing: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session . . . July 29, 2014.</a> Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Land_Management&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark Trail</a> (motor, land, and water)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmountain_Victory_National_Historic_Trail" title="Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail">Overmountain Victory Trail</a> (motor and land)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner_National_Historic_Trail" title="Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail">Star-Spangled Banner Trail</a> (motor and water)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail_by_state" title="Appalachian Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Trail" title="Arizona Trail">Arizona Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_Trail" title="Continental Divide Trail">Continental Divide Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Trail" title="Florida Trail">Florida Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Trail" title="Ice Age Trail">Ice Age Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace_Trail" title="Natchez Trace Trail">Natchez Trace Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail" title="North Country Trail">North Country Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail_by_state" title="North Country Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Crest_Trail" title="Pacific Crest Trail">Pacific Crest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Trail" title="Pacific Northwest Trail">Pacific Northwest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Heritage_Trail" title="Potomac Heritage Trail">Potomac Heritage Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">National Geologic Trail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">Ice Age Floods Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Recreation_Trails_of_the_United_States" title="Category:National Recreation Trails of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Hiking" title="Triple Crown of Hiking">Triple Crown of Hiking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template talk:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">United States government agencies</a> involved in <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">environmental science</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">Global Change Research Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bureau of Land Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ocean_Energy_Management" title="Bureau of Ocean Energy Management">Bureau of Ocean Energy Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Surface_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Surface Mining">Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ocean_Service" title="National Ocean Service">Ocean Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research">Oceanic and Atmospheric Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">Weather Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li>Office of Environmental Management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratories and Technology Centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Service_Agency" title="Farm Service Agency">Farm Service Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Service" title="Food and Nutrition Service">Food and Nutrition Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service" title="Foreign Agricultural Service">Foreign Agricultural Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Water_and_Climate_Center" title="National Water and Climate Center">National Water and Climate Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Utilities Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Directorate_for_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Directorate for Science and Technology">Science and Technology Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences" title="National Institute of Environmental Health 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href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command">Combat Capabilities Development Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Domestic_Climate_Policy" title="White House Office of Domestic Climate Policy">Climate Policy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_on_Clean_Energy_Innovation_and_Implementation" title="White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation">Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Presidential_Envoy_for_Climate" title="U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate">U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_Services_Administration" title="Environmental Science Services Administration">Environmental Science Services Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Energy_and_Climate_Change_Policy" title="White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy">White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010556#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000099870743">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/148316360">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124245113">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131143-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80125846">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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