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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pharmacokinetics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pharmacokinetics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Absorption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absorption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Absorption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absorption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metabolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Metabolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Excretion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excretion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Excretion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Excretion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veterinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veterinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Veterinary use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veterinary_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Veterinary use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Veterinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_of_meloxicam_in_cats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_meloxicam_in_cats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Use of meloxicam in cats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_meloxicam_in_cats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_policy_vs_EU_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_policy_vs_EU_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>US policy vs EU policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_policy_vs_EU_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dosage_and_safety_margin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dosage_and_safety_margin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Dosage and safety margin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dosage_and_safety_margin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Additional studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Pharmacokinetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Legal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meloxicam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ميلوكسيكام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميلوكسيكام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A6%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مئلوکسیکام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مئلوکسیکام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikam" title="Meloksikam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Meloksikam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melocsicam" title="Melocsicam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Melocsicam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Μελοξικάμη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μελοξικάμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikamo" title="Meloksikamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meloksikamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ملوکسیکام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملوکسیکام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9loxicam" title="Méloxicam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Méloxicam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikam" title="Meloksikam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Meloksikam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="میلوکسکیم – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="میلوکسکیم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മെലോക്സിക്കം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെലോക്സിക്കം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AD%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A0" title="メロキシカム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メロキシカム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE" title="ମେଲୋକ୍ସିକାମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମେଲୋକ୍ସିକାମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksykam" title="Meloksykam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meloksykam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мелоксикам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мелоксикам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikam" title="Meloksikam – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Meloksikam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikam" title="Meloksikam – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Meloksikam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikam" title="Meloksikam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meloksikam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikaami" title="Meloksikaami – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meloksikaami" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxikam" title="Meloxikam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meloxikam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மெலொக்சிகாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெலொக்சிகாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="มีลอกซิแคม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มีลอกซิแคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloksikam" title="Meloksikam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meloksikam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мелоксикам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мелоксикам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Meloxicam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%9B%E6%98%94%E5%BA%B7" title="美洛昔康 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美洛昔康" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pharmaceutical compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1269284339">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Meloxicam">Meloxicam</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meloxicam2DACS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Meloxicam2DACS.svg/200px-Meloxicam2DACS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Meloxicam2DACS.svg/300px-Meloxicam2DACS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Meloxicam2DACS.svg/400px-Meloxicam2DACS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="bg-transparent" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meloxicam-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meloxicam-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png/200px-Meloxicam-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meloxicam-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png/300px-Meloxicam-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meloxicam-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png/400px-Meloxicam-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1745" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mobic, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/meloxicam.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601242.html">a601242</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Meloxicam">Meloxicam</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> C<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">intravenous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a> (NSAID)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_M01" title="ATC code M01">M01AC06</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=M01AC06">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_M01" title="ATC code M01">M01AC56</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=M01AC56">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N01" title="ATC code N01">N01BB59</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N01BB59">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Boxed_warning" title="Boxed warning"><span style="border:thin solid black;">WARNING</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anjeso_FDA_label_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anjeso_FDA_label-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>:</small> Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">89%<sup id="cite_ref-drugs1996_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">99.4%<sup id="cite_ref-drugs1996_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a> (<a href="/wiki/CYP2C9" title="CYP2C9">CYP2C9</a> and <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">3A4</a>-mediated)<sup id="cite_ref-drugs1996_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">20 hours<sup id="cite_ref-drugs1996_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">Urine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> equally<sup id="cite_ref-drugs1996_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-<i>N</i>-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2<i>H</i>-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=71125-38-7">71125-38-7</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5281106">5281106</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7220">7220</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00814">DB00814</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10442740.html">10442740</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/VG2QF83CGL">VG2QF83CGL</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00969">D00969</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:6741">CHEBI:6741</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL599">ChEMBL599</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB ligand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>MXM (<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=MXM">PDBe</a></span>, <span title="www.rcsb.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/MXM">RCSB PDB</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID1020803">DTXSID1020803</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414028#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.113.257">100.113.257</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414028#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>14</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>13</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>3</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>4</sub><span title="Sulfur">S</span><sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002351400000000000♠"></span>351.40</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=Cc1cnc%28s1%29NC%28%3DO%29C%5C3%3DC%28%2FO%29c2ccccc2S%28%3DO%29%28%3DO%29N%2F3C">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Cc1cnc(s1)NC(=O)C\3=C(/O)c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)N/3C</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C14H13N3O4S2/c1-8-7-15-14(22-8)16-13(19)11-12(18)9-5-3-4-6-10(9)23(20,21)17(11)2/h3-7,18H,1-2H3,(H,15,16,19)<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:ZRVUJXDFFKFLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=459437267&page2=Meloxicam">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Meloxicam</b>, sold under the brand name <b>Mobic</b> among others, is a <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a> (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation in <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheumatic disease">rheumatic diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BNF76_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNF76-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is taken by mouth or given by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">injection into a vein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anjeso_PR_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anjeso_PR-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is recommended that it be used for as short a period as possible and at a low dose.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common side effects include abdominal pain, dizziness, swelling, headache, and a rash.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serious side effects may include <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, kidney problems, and <a href="/wiki/Stomach_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomach ulcer">stomach ulcers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use is not recommended in the <a href="/wiki/Third_trimester_of_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Third trimester of pregnancy">third trimester of pregnancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It blocks <a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase-2" title="Cyclooxygenase-2">cyclooxygenase-2</a> (COX-2) more than it blocks <a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase-1" title="Cyclooxygenase-1">cyclooxygenase-1</a> (COX-1).<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in the <a href="/wiki/Oxicam" title="Oxicam">oxicam</a> family of chemicals and is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">piroxicam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meloxicam was patented in 1977 and approved for medical use in the United States in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fis2006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fis2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was developed by <a href="/wiki/Boehringer_Ingelheim" title="Boehringer Ingelheim">Boehringer Ingelheim</a> and is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, it was the 29th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 18<span class="nowrap"> </span>million prescriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An intravenous version of meloxicam (Anjeso) was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anjeso_PR_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anjeso_PR-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meloxicam is available in combination with bupivacaine as <a href="/wiki/Bupivacaine/meloxicam" title="Bupivacaine/meloxicam">bupivacaine/meloxicam</a> and in combination with rizatriptan as <a href="/wiki/Meloxicam/rizatriptan" title="Meloxicam/rizatriptan">meloxicam/rizatriptan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meloxicam is <a href="/wiki/Indicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicated">indicated</a> for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis">juvenile rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a></div> <p>Meloxicam use can result in <a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal</a> toxicity and bleeding, headaches, rash, and <a href="/wiki/Melena" title="Melena">very dark or black stool</a> (a sign of intestinal bleeding). It has fewer gastrointestinal side effects than <a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">diclofenac</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hawkey_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hawkey-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">piroxicam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">naproxen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and perhaps all other NSAIDs which are not COX-2 selective.<sup id="cite_ref-hawkey_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hawkey-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2020, the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) required the <a href="/wiki/Drug_labelling" title="Drug labelling">prescription drug label</a> to be updated for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications to describe the risk of kidney problems in unborn babies that result in low amniotic fluid.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_20201015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20201015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_safety_20201015_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_safety_20201015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They recommend avoiding NSAIDs in pregnant women at 20 weeks or later in pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_20201015_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20201015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_safety_20201015_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_safety_20201015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardiovascular">Cardiovascular</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cardiovascular"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other <a href="/wiki/NSAID" class="mw-redirect" title="NSAID">NSAIDs</a>, its use is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although meloxicam inhibits formation of <a href="/wiki/Thromboxane" title="Thromboxane">thromboxane</a> A, it does not appear to do so at levels that would interfere with <a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">platelet</a> function.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeidan2013_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeidan2013-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gates2005_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gates2005-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pooled analysis of randomized, controlled studies of meloxicam therapy of up to 60 days duration found that meloxicam was associated with a statistically significantly lower number of <a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">thromboembolic</a> complications than the NSAID diclofenac (0.2% versus 0.8% respectively) but a similar incidence of thromboembolic events to naproxen and piroxicam.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People with <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia" title="Hypercholesterolemia">high cholesterol</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> are at risk for cardiovascular side effects. People with family history of heart disease, heart attack, or stroke should tell their treating physician as the potential for serious cardiovascular side effects is significant.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastrointestinal">Gastrointestinal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gastrointestinal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">NSAIDs</a> cause an increase in the risk of serious <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal</a> adverse events including bleeding, <a href="/wiki/Ulcer" title="Ulcer">ulceration</a>, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. Elderly patients are at greater risk for serious gastrointestinal events.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug">Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a></div> <p>Meloxicam blocks <a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase">cyclooxygenase</a> (COX), the <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> responsible for converting <a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">arachidonic acid</a> into <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_H2" title="Prostaglandin H2">prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub></a>—the first step in the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin" title="Prostaglandin">prostaglandins</a>, which are mediators of inflammation. Meloxicam has been shown, especially at low <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_index" title="Therapeutic index">therapeutic doses</a>, to selectively inhibit <a href="/wiki/COX-2" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2">COX-2</a> over <a href="/wiki/COX-1" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-1">COX-1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs1996_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meloxicam concentrations in <a href="/wiki/Synovial_fluid" title="Synovial fluid">synovial fluid</a> range from 40% to 50% of those in <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a>. The free fraction in synovial fluid is 2.5 times higher than in plasma, due to the lower albumin content in synovial fluid compared to plasma. The significance of this penetration is unknown,<sup id="cite_ref-drugs.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it may account for the fact that it performs exceptionally well in treatment of arthritis in animal models.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absorption">Absorption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Absorption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> of meloxicam is decreased when administered orally compared to an equivalent IV bolus dose. Different oral formulations of meloxicam are not <a href="/wiki/Bioequivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioequivalent">bioequivalent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2018_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of oral meloxicam following a high-fat breakfast increases the mean peak drug levels by about 22%; however, the manufacturer does not make any specific meal recommendations. In addition, the use of <a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">antacids</a> does not show pharmacokinetic interactions.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With chronic dosing, the time to maximum plasma concentration following oral administration is approximately 5–6 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Bekker_2018_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekker_2018-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mean volume of distribution of meloxicam is approximately 10 L. It is highly protein-bound, mainly to <a href="/wiki/Albumin" title="Albumin">albumin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gates2005_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gates2005-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bekker_2018_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekker_2018-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metabolism">Metabolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Metabolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meloxicam is extensively metabolized in the liver by the enzymes <a href="/wiki/CYP2C9" title="CYP2C9">CYP2C9</a> and <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a> (minor) into four inactive metabolites. <a href="/wiki/Peroxidase" title="Peroxidase">Peroxidase</a> activity is thought to be responsible for the other two remaining metabolites.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Excretion">Excretion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Excretion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meloxicam is predominantly excreted in the form of metabolites and occurs to equal extents in the urine and feces.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traces of unchanged parent drug are found in urine and feces.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mean elimination half-life ranges from 15 to 20 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adverse events are dose-dependent and associated with length of treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobic_FDA_label_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobic_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veterinary_use">Veterinary use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Veterinary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meloxicam is used in <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary medicine</a> mainly to treat dogs,<sup id="cite_ref-Metacam_oral_FDA_label_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacam_oral_FDA_label-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Metacam_injection_FDA_label_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacam_injection_FDA_label-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also sees <a href="/wiki/Off-label_use" title="Off-label use">off-label use</a> in other animals such as cattle and exotics.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the European Union and other countries it is not considered off-label and can be used in cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, cats and guinea pigs.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been investigated as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">diclofenac</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Protection_of_Birds" title="Royal Society for the Protection of Birds">Royal Society for the Protection of Birds</a> (RSPB) to prevent deaths of <a href="/wiki/Vulture" title="Vulture">vultures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swan_Naidoo_Cuthbert_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swan_Naidoo_Cuthbert-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depending on the animal species, each country or union of countries applies different guidelines or legal frameworks for the use of the drug, as well as different recorded side effects. The most common side effects in dogs include gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhea, and <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">ulceration</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Metacam_oral_FDA_label_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacam_oral_FDA_label-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As far as the perioperative administration is concerned, in healthy dogs given meloxicam, no perioperative adverse effects on the cardiovascular system have been reported at recommended dosages.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perioperative administration of meloxicam to cats did not affect postoperative respiratory rate nor heart rate.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_meloxicam_in_cats">Use of meloxicam in cats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Use of meloxicam in cats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The issue of using meloxicam in cats involves conflicting guidelines, differing legislation, and a narrow therapeutic safety margin that can easily turn the drug from cure to poison. More specifically: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="US_policy_vs_EU_policy">US policy vs EU policy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: US policy vs EU policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) approves the use of meloxicam in cats only in injectable form and only as a one-time injection given before surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not approve meloxicam oral suspension for cats and it does not approve meloxicam spray for cats because after reviewing numerous reports of meloxicam side effects in cats, it has identified many cases of <a href="/wiki/Acute_renal_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute renal failure">acute renal failure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a> and has added the following boxed warning to the prescription label: "Repeated use of meloxicam in cats has been associated with acute renal failure and death. Do not administer additional injectable or oral meloxicam to cats. See Contraindications, Warnings, and Precautions for detailed information."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, in the European Union and other continents or countries, the use of the drug in cats is allowed with no such warning.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The product instruction leaflet for meloxicam for cats in the form of oral suspension 0.5 mg/ml states that: "Typical adverse reactions of <a href="/wiki/NSAIDs" class="mw-redirect" title="NSAIDs">NSAIDs</a> such as loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea, faecal occult blood, apathy, and renal failure have occasionally been reported. These side effects are in most cases transient and disappear following termination of the treatment but in very rare cases may be serious or fatal."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dosage_and_safety_margin">Dosage and safety margin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dosage and safety margin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The data sheets for meloxicam products for cats also state that: "Meloxicam has a narrow therapeutic safety margin in cats and clinical signs of overdose may be seen at relatively small overdose levels."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Additional_studies">Additional studies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Additional studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some additional information about giving meloxicam to cats from researchers is as follows: A peer-reviewed journal article cites NSAIDs, including meloxicam, as causing gastrointestinal upset and, at high doses, <a href="/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury" title="Acute kidney injury">acute kidney injury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">CNS</a> signs such as seizures and comas in cats. It adds that cats have a low tolerance for NSAIDs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, in another scientific journal there is talk of research according to which cats that received meloxicam had greater <a href="/wiki/Proteinuria" title="Proteinuria">proteinuria</a> at 6 months than cats that received placebo. It was concluded that meloxicam should be used with caution in cats with chronic kidney disease.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics_2">Pharmacokinetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In dogs, the <a href="/wiki/Absorption_(pharmacokinetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Absorption (pharmacokinetics)">absorption</a> of meloxicam from the stomach is not affected by the presence of food,<sup id="cite_ref-Khan_2012_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan_2012-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the peak concentration (<a href="/wiki/Cmax_(pharmacology)" title="Cmax (pharmacology)">C<sub>max</sub></a>) of meloxicam occurring in the blood 7–8 hours after administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Khan_2012_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan_2012-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">half-life</a> of meloxicam is approximately 24 hours in dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-Khan_2012_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan_2012-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Koala" title="Koala">koala</a> (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>), very little meloxicam is absorbed into the blood after <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral administration</a> (that is, it has poor <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2003: Meloxicam was approved in the US for use in dogs for the management of pain and inflammation associated with <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>, as an <a href="/wiki/Dosage_forms#Oral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dosage forms">oral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Suspension_(chemistry)" title="Suspension (chemistry)">liquid</a>) formulation of meloxicam.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2003 (November): An <a href="/wiki/Injectable" class="mw-redirect" title="Injectable">injectable</a> formulation for use in dogs was approved by the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2004 (October): A formulation for use in cats was approved for use before surgery only.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is an injectable meloxicam, indicated for as a single, one-time dose only, with specific and repeated warnings not to administer a second dose.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2005 (January): The product insert added a warning in bold-face type: "Do not use in cats."<sup id="cite_ref-ProdInsert_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProdInsert-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2005: The FDA sent a Notice of Violation to the manufacturer for its promotional materials which included promotion of the drug for off-label use.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2020 (February): A meloxicam injection was approved for use in the United States. Specifically, the FDA granted the approval of Anjeso to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudax_Bio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudax Bio (page does not exist)">Baudax Bio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anjeso_PR_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anjeso_PR-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Union">European Union</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the European Union, meloxicam is licensed for other anti-inflammatory benefits including relief from both <a href="/wiki/Acute_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute pain">acute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chronic_pain" title="Chronic pain">chronic pain</a> in dogs. Meloxicam is also licensed for use in horses, to relieve the pain associated with <a href="/wiki/Musculoskeletal" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculoskeletal">musculoskeletal</a> disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1998 (January): Meloxicam was authorised for use in cattle throughout the European Union, via a <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency#Centralised_marketing_authorisations" title="European Medicines Agency">centralised marketing authorisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_2007_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright_2007-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2006: The first <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic</a> meloxicam product was approved.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_2007_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright_2007-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2024 (January): EMA issued an 'Opinion'<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a change to this medicine's authorisation concerning the follow-up oral treatment after initial injectable administration in cats. This change remains as an 'Opinion', while the medication continues to be approved as usual.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of June 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, meloxicam is registered for long-term use in cats in Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Gashen_2016_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gashen_2016-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United Kingdom, meloxicam is licensed for use in cats, guinea pigs, horses, and livestock including pigs and cattle. <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bupivacaine/meloxicam" title="Bupivacaine/meloxicam">Bupivacaine/meloxicam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloxicam&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/meloxicam.html">Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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(October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjvp.12038">"Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) after intravenous, subcutaneous and oral administration"</a>. <i>Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics</i>. <b>36</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">486–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjvp.12038">10.1111/jvp.12038</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23406022">23406022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Pharmacology+and+Therapeutics&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+of+meloxicam+in+koalas+%28Phascolarctos+cinereus%29+after+intravenous%2C+subcutaneous+and+oral+administration&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E486-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjvp.12038&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23406022&rft.aulast=Kimble&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Black%2C+LA&rft.au=Li%2C+KM&rft.au=Valtchev%2C+P&rft.au=Gilchrist%2C+S&rft.au=Gillett%2C+A&rft.au=Higgins%2C+DP&rft.au=Krockenberger%2C+MB&rft.au=Govendir%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fjvp.12038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170406084237/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm118006.pdf">"NADA 141-213: New Animal Drug Application Approval (for Metacam (meloxicam) 0.5 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL Oral Suspension)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 15 April 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm118006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NADA+141-213%3A+New+Animal+Drug+Application+Approval+%28for+Metacam+%28meloxicam%29+0.5+mg%2FmL+and+1.5+mg%2FmL+Oral+Suspension%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.date=2003-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2FAnimalVeterinary%2FProducts%2FApprovedAnimalDrugProducts%2FFOIADrugSummaries%2Fucm118006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171115072315/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm118026.pdf">"NADA 141-219: Metacam (meloxicam) 5 mg/mL Solution for Injection"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 12 November 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm118026.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NADA+141-219%3A+Metacam+%28meloxicam%29+5+mg%2FmL+Solution+for+Injection&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.date=2003-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2FAnimalVeterinary%2FProducts%2FApprovedAnimalDrugProducts%2FFOIADrugSummaries%2Fucm118026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171115072316/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm118027.pdf">"Metacam 5 mg/mL Solution for Injection, Supplemental Approval"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 28 October 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm118027.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metacam+5+mg%2FmL+Solution+for+Injection%2C+Supplemental+Approval&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.date=2004-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2FAnimalVeterinary%2FProducts%2FApprovedAnimalDrugProducts%2FFOIADrugSummaries%2Fucm118027.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the manufacturer's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metacam.com/index.php/FAQs-Veterinary-Professionals">FAQ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110702180646/http://www.metacam.com/index.php/FAQs-Veterinary-Professionals">Archived</a> 2 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on its website, and its <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bi-vetmedica.com/product_sites/METACAMINCats/documents/Metacam_Inj_cats_label.pdf">clinical dosing instructions for cats.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906211039/http://www.bi-vetmedica.com/product_sites/METACAMINCats/documents/Metacam_Inj_cats_label.pdf">Archived</a> 6 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProdInsert-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ProdInsert_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171115070141/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/DrugLabels/UCM050394.pdf">"Client Information Sheet For Metacam (meloxicam) 1.5 mg/mL Oral Suspension"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/DrugLabels/UCM050394.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 November 2017. <q>Metacam is a prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to control pain and inflammation (soreness) due to osteoarthritis in dogs. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful condition caused by "wear and tear" of cartilage and other parts of the joints that may result in the following changes or signs in your dog: Limping or lameness, decreased activity or exercise (reluctance to stand, climb stairs, jump or run, or difficulty in performing these activities), stiffness or decreased movement of joints. Metacam is given to dogs by mouth. Do not use Metacam Oral Suspension in cats. <a href="/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury" title="Acute kidney injury">Acute kidney injury</a> and death have been associated with the use of meloxicam in cats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Client+Information+Sheet+For+Metacam+%28meloxicam%29+1.5+mg%2FmL+Oral+Suspension&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2FAnimalVeterinary%2FProducts%2FApprovedAnimalDrugProducts%2FDrugLabels%2FUCM050394.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170113141217/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/ucm042460.pdf">"Notice of Violation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 19 April 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/ucm042460.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notice+of+Violation&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.date=2005-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2FAnimalVeterinary%2FGuidanceComplianceEnforcement%2FComplianceEnforcement%2Fucm042460.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/210583s000lbl.pdf">"Anjeso (meloxicam) injection, for intravenous use"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222070146/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/210583s000lbl.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anjeso+%28meloxicam%29+injection%2C+for+intravenous+use&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fdrugsatfda_docs%2Flabel%2F2020%2F210583s000lbl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddisonPageChurch2008" class="citation book cs1">Maddison JE, Page SW, Church D, eds. (2008). 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Edinburgh: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/smallanimalclini00mrcv/page/n305">301</a>–302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702028588" title="Special:BookSources/9780702028588"><bdi>9780702028588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Meloxicam&rft.btitle=Small+animal+clinical+pharmacology&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=301-302&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Saunders%2FElsevier&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780702028588&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsmallanimalclini00mrcv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright_2007-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_2007_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_2007_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2007" class="citation journal cs1">Wright E (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoganlovells.com/~/media/hogan-lovells/pdf/publication/chemistrytodayapr07_pdf.pdf">"Generic and biosimilar medicinal products in the European Union"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Chemistry Today</i>. <b>25</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128032019/https://www.hoganlovells.com/~/media/hogan-lovells/pdf/publication/chemistrytodayapr07_pdf.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+Today&rft.atitle=Generic+and+biosimilar+medicinal+products+in+the+European+Union&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2007-03&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoganlovells.com%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fhogan-lovells%2Fpdf%2Fpublication%2Fchemistrytodayapr07_pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/meeting-highlights-committee-veterinary-medicinal-products-cvmp-16-17-january-2024">"Meeting highlights from the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products (CVMP) 16-17 January 2024 | European Medicines Agency (EMA)"</a>. <i>www.ema.europa.eu</i>. 19 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ema.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Meeting+highlights+from+the+Committee+for+Veterinary+Medicinal+Products+%28CVMP%29+16-17+January+2024+%7C+European+Medicines+Agency+%28EMA%29&rft.date=2024-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fmeeting-highlights-committee-veterinary-medicinal-products-cvmp-16-17-january-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/metacam">"Metacam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA)</i>. 31 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency+%28EMA%29&rft.atitle=Metacam&rft.date=2006-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmedicines%2Fveterinary%2FEPAR%2Fmetacam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gashen_2016-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gashen_2016_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaschenSchaer2016" class="citation book cs1">Gaschen FP, Schaer M, eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fjqLDQAAQBAJ&dq=meloxicam+cat+australia&pg=PT2004">"Recent NSAID developments"</a>. <i>Clinical medicine of the dog and cat</i> (3rd ed.). CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781482226065" title="Special:BookSources/9781482226065"><bdi>9781482226065</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901204800/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Clinical_Medicine_of_the_Dog_and_Cat/fjqLDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=meloxicam+cat+australia&pg=PT2004">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Recent+NSAID+developments&rft.btitle=Clinical+medicine+of+the+dog+and+cat&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781482226065&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfjqLDQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmeloxicam%2Bcat%2Baustralia%26pg%3DPT2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeloxicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/ProductInformationDatabase/current?page=79&order=ActiveSubstances&descending=True">"Product Information Database"</a>. <i>Veterinary Medicines Directorate</i>. DEFRA<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Pyrazolone">pyrazolones</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolidine" title="Pyrazolidine">pyrazolidines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminophenazone" title="Aminophenazone">Aminophenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampyrone" title="Ampyrone">Ampyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azapropazone" title="Azapropazone">Azapropazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofezone" title="Clofezone">Clofezone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenamizole" title="Difenamizole">Difenamizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feprazone" title="Feprazone">Feprazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebuzone" title="Kebuzone">Kebuzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamizole" title="Metamizole">Metamizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofebutazone" title="Mofebutazone">Mofebutazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morazone" title="Morazone">Morazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifenazone" title="Nifenazone">Nifenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenbutazone" title="Oxyphenbutazone">Oxyphenbutazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazone" title="Phenazone">Phenazone</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Phenylbutazone" title="Phenylbutazone">Phenylbutazone</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyphenazone" title="Propyphenazone">Propyphenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinpyrazone" title="Sulfinpyrazone">Sulfinpyrazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxibuzone" title="Suxibuzone">Suxibuzone</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">salicylates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)</a></u><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloxiprin" title="Aloxiprin">Aloxiprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benorilate" title="Benorilate">Benorylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbasalate_calcium" title="Carbasalate calcium">Carbasalate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflunisal" title="Diflunisal">Diflunisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrocetyl" title="Dipyrocetyl">Dipyrocetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethenzamide" title="Ethenzamide">Ethenzamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacetisal" title="Guacetisal">Guacetisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_salicylate" title="Magnesium salicylate">Magnesium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">Methyl salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsalate" title="Salsalate">Salsalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicin" title="Salicin">Salicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylamide" title="Salicylamide">Salicylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid (salicylate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_salicylate" title="Sodium salicylate">Sodium salicylate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> derivatives<br />and related substances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceclofenac" title="Aceclofenac">Aceclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acemetacin" title="Acemetacin">Acemetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alclofenac" title="Alclofenac">Alclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfenac" title="Amfenac">Amfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendazac" title="Bendazac">Bendazac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromfenac" title="Bromfenac">Bromfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufexamac" title="Bufexamac">Bufexamac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumadizone" title="Bumadizone">Bumadizone</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenpiramide" title="Difenpiramide">Difenpiramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etodolac" title="Etodolac">Etodolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felbinac" title="Felbinac">Felbinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenclozic_acid" title="Fenclozic acid">Fenclozic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentiazac" title="Fentiazac">Fentiazac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin_farnesil" title="Indometacin farnesil">Indometacin farnesil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoxepac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoxepac (page does not exist)">Isoxepac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketorolac" title="Ketorolac">Ketorolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonazolac" title="Lonazolac">Lonazolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofezolac" title="Mofezolac">Mofezolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxametacin" title="Oxametacin">Oxametacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodolic acid (page does not exist)">Prodolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglumetacin" title="Proglumetacin">Proglumetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulindac" title="Sulindac">Sulindac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiopinac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiopinac (page does not exist)">Tiopinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolmetin" title="Tolmetin">Tolmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomepirac" title="Zomepirac">Zomepirac</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxicam" title="Oxicam">oxicams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampiroxicam" title="Ampiroxicam">Ampiroxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxicam" title="Droxicam">Droxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoxicam" title="Isoxicam">Isoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lornoxicam" title="Lornoxicam">Lornoxicam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meloxicam</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">Piroxicam</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pivoxicam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pivoxicam (page does not exist)">Pivoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenoxicam" title="Tenoxicam">Tenoxicam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Propionic_acid" title="Propionic acid">propionic acid</a><br />derivatives (<a href="/wiki/Profens" class="mw-redirect" title="Profens">profens</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alminoprofen" title="Alminoprofen">Alminoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoxaprofen" title="Benoxaprofen">Benoxaprofen</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carprofen" title="Carprofen">Carprofen</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexibuprofen" title="Dexibuprofen">Dexibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexketoprofen" title="Dexketoprofen">Dexketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbufen" title="Fenbufen">Fenbufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoprofen" title="Fenoprofen">Fenoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunoxaprofen" title="Flunoxaprofen">Flunoxaprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurbiprofen" title="Flurbiprofen">Flurbiprofen</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a></u><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuproxam" title="Ibuproxam">Ibuproxam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoprofen" title="Indoprofen">Indoprofen</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprofen" title="Ketoprofen">Ketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxoprofen" title="Loxoprofen">Loxoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroprofen" title="Miroprofen">Miroprofen</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">Naproxen</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaprozin" title="Oxaprozin">Oxaprozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelubiprofen" title="Pelubiprofen">Pelubiprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piketoprofen" title="Piketoprofen">Piketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirprofen" title="Pirprofen">Pirprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprofen" title="Suprofen">Suprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarenflurbil" title="Tarenflurbil">Tarenflurbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepoxalin" title="Tepoxalin">Tepoxalin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaprofenic_acid" title="Tiaprofenic acid">Tiaprofenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaprofen" title="Vedaprofen">Vedaprofen</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaltoprofen" title="Zaltoprofen">Zaltoprofen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/COX-inhibiting_nitric_oxide_donator" title="COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donator">COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donator</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Naproxcinod" title="Naproxcinod">Naproxcinod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>n</i>-arylanthranilic<br />acids (<a href="/wiki/Fenamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenamate">fenamates</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azapropazone" title="Azapropazone">Azapropazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonixin" title="Clonixin">Clonixin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etofenamate" title="Etofenamate">Etofenamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floctafenine" title="Floctafenine">Floctafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunixin" title="Flunixin">Flunixin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flutiazin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flutiazin (page does not exist)">Flutiazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glafenine" title="Glafenine">Glafenine</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morniflumate" title="Morniflumate">Morniflumate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COX-2_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2 inhibitor">COX-2 inhibitors</a><br />(coxibs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apricoxib" title="Apricoxib">Apricoxib</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Celecoxib" title="Celecoxib">Celecoxib</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Celecoxib/tramadol" title="Celecoxib/tramadol">+tramadol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimicoxib" title="Cimicoxib">Cimicoxib</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deracoxib" title="Deracoxib">Deracoxib</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etoricoxib" title="Etoricoxib">Etoricoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firocoxib" title="Firocoxib">Firocoxib</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiracoxib" title="Lumiracoxib">Lumiracoxib</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavacoxib" title="Mavacoxib">Mavacoxib</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parecoxib" title="Parecoxib">Parecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robenacoxib" title="Robenacoxib">Robenacoxib</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofecoxib" title="Rofecoxib">Rofecoxib</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdecoxib" title="Valdecoxib">Valdecoxib</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminopropionitrile" title="Aminopropionitrile">Aminopropionitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzydamine" title="Benzydamine">Benzydamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondroitin_sulfate" title="Chondroitin sulfate">Chondroitin sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacerein" title="Diacerein">Diacerein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluproquazone" title="Fluproquazone">Fluproquazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucosamine" title="Glucosamine">Glucosamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan" title="Glycosaminoglycan">Glycosaminoglycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabumetone" title="Nabumetone">Nabumetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimesulide" title="Nimesulide">Nimesulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaceprol" title="Oxaceprol">Oxaceprol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proquazone" title="Proquazone">Proquazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">Superoxide dismutase / orgotein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenidap" title="Tenidap">Tenidap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NSAID<br />combinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen/famotidine" title="Ibuprofen/famotidine">Ibuprofen/famotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/ibuprofen" title="Hydrocodone/ibuprofen">Ibuprofen/hydrocodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/ibuprofen" title="Oxycodone/ibuprofen">Ibuprofen/oxycodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen/paracetamol" title="Ibuprofen/paracetamol">Ibuprofen/paracetamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupivacaine/meloxicam" title="Bupivacaine/meloxicam">Meloxicam/bupivacaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloxicam/rizatriptan" title="Meloxicam/rizatriptan">Meloxicam/rizatriptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxen/diphenhydramine" title="Naproxen/diphenhydramine">Naproxen/diphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxen/esomeprazole" title="Naproxen/esomeprazole">Naproxen/esomeprazole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Key: <u>underline</u> indicates initially developed first-in-class compound of specific group; <sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-Essential Medicines</a>; <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">withdrawn drugs</a>; <sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary use</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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