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Vikipediya"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//uz.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Tahrir" href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipediya (uz)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//uz.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="uz" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="uz-Cyrl" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fil&variant=uz-cyrl"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="uz-Latn" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fil&variant=uz-latn"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.uz"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipediya — Atom-tasma" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fil rootpage-Fil skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Kontent qismiga oʻtish</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asosiy menyu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asosiy menyu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asosiy menyu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Qatnovi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bosh_Sahifa" title="Bosh sahifaga oʻtish [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Bosh Sahifa</span></a></li><li id="n-Tanlangan-maqolalar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Tanlangan_maqolalar"><span>Tanlangan maqolalar</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:NewPages"><span>Yangi sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Random" title="Tasodifiy sahifaga oʻtish [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tasodifiy maqola</span></a></li><li id="n-Maqolalar-indeksi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Maqolalar_indeksi"><span>Maqolalar indeksi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Ishtirok" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Ishtirok" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ishtirok </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Xatolar_haqida_xabarlar" title="Ushbu sahifadagi xato haqida xabar berish"><span>Xato haqida xabar berish</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChanges" title="Vikidagi eng so‘nggi o‘zgarishlar ro‘yxati [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Yangi oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="n-Jamoa-portali" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Jamoa_portali"><span>Jamoa portali</span></a></li><li id="n-Qoidalar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Qoida_va_ko%CA%BBrsatmalar"><span>Qoidalar</span></a></li><li id="n-Yordam" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Yordam"><span>Yordam</span></a></li><li id="n-Forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Forum"><span>Forum</span></a></li><li id="n-Aloqa" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Aloqa"><span>Aloqa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Bosh_Sahifa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-uz.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-uz.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Qidiruv</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipediyadan qidirish" aria-label="Vikipediyadan qidirish" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maxsus:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Qidirish</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qiyofa" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qiyofa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Fil" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Fil" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kirish</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shaxsiy uskunalar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Foydalanuvchi menyusi" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz"><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Fil" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hisob yaratish</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Fil" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologiyasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologiyasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologiyasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologiyasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taksonomiyasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taksonomiyasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taksonomiyasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taksonomiyasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taksonomiyasi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taksonomiyasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evolyutsiyasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolyutsiyasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Evolyutsiyasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolyutsiyasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tirik_turlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tirik_turlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tirik turlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tirik_turlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomiyasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomiyasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Anatomiyasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomiyasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 194 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-194" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">194 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – achin" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifant" title="Olifant – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olifant" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%86%E1%8A%95" title="ዝሆን – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዝሆን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elpend" title="Elpend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Elpend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eniin%CC%84" title="Eniin̄ – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Eniin̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="हाथी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हाथी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيل – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantidae" title="Elephantidae – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elephantidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="हाथी – avadxi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हाथी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunjara" title="Kunjara – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kunjara" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drombl%C4%ABs" title="Dromblīs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dromblīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elepante" title="Elepante – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Elepante" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama" title="Sama – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Sama" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="হাতি – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="གླང་ཆེན། – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གླང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifant" title="Olifant – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Olifant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaja" title="Gaja – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gaja" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Заан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Заан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefants" title="Elefants – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elefants" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%B4ng" title="Chiông – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chiông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%B9" title="ᎧᎹᎹ – cheroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᎹᎹ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%AAhe%27%C3%AAsees%C3%A9he" title="Tsêhe'êseeséhe – cheyenn" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tsêhe'êseeséhe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – korsikan" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliffant" title="Eliffant – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eliffant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanter" title="Elefanter – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elefanter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C9%94bigu" title="Wɔbigu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Wɔbigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C9%94%CC%88%C9%94%CC%88n" title="Akɔ̈ɔ̈n – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akɔ̈ɔ̈n" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiglinyi" title="Atiglinyi – eve" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Atiglinyi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ελέφαντας – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελέφαντας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elephant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanto" title="Elefanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elefanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevant" title="Elevant – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elevant" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsu" title="Norsu – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Norsu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevant" title="Elevant – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Elevant" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADlur" title="Fílur – farercha" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fílur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farercha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajinak%C3%BA_geli" title="Ajinakú geli – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Ajinakú geli" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9phant" title="Éléphant – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éléphant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilifint" title="Eilifint – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eilifint" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill%C3%A4r" title="Fillär – gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Fillär" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailbhean" title="Ailbhean – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ailbhean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapi%27it%C4%A9mbuku" title="Tapi'itĩmbuku – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tapi'itĩmbuku" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%80" title="હાથી – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હાથી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giwa" title="Giwa – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Giwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siong" title="Siong – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Siong" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C" title="פיל – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="हाथी – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाथी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haanthi" title="Haanthi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Haanthi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefan" title="Elefan – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elefan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Փղեր – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elepante" title="Elepante – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Elepante" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanto" title="Elefanto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elefanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADll" title="Fíll – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fíll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BE%E3%82%A6" title="ゾウ – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゾウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xanto" title="xanto – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xanto" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilu" title="Ilu – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ilu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwuom" title="Zwuom – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zwuom" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzau" title="Nzau – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nzau" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njogu" title="Njogu – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Njogu" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пілдер – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пілдер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagguaatsoq" title="Nagguaatsoq – grenland" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nagguaatsoq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="grenland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A" title="គជសារ – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គជសារ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಆನೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%81%BC%EB%A6%AC" title="코끼리 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코끼리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%86%D8%B3" title="ہۆس – kashmircha" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہۆس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmircha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEl" title="Fîl – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fîl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifans" title="Olifans – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Olifans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantus" title="Elephantus – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elephantus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifante" title="Olifante – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Olifante" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanc" title="Elefanc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Elefanc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liofant" title="Liofant – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liofant" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nz%C9%94ku" title="Nzɔku – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nzɔku" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ຊ້າງ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊ້າງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drambliai" title="Drambliai – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Drambliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilo%C5%86i" title="Ziloņi – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziloņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanta" title="Elefanta – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Elefanta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arewhana" title="Arewhana – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Arewhana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8" title="ആന – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Заан – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Заан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯁꯥꯃꯨ – manipur" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯥꯃꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="हत्ती – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हत्ती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iljunfant" title="Iljunfant – maltiy" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iljunfant" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဆင် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – mozandaron" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mozandaron" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="हात्ती – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हात्ती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="किसि – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="किसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifanten" title="Olifanten – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olifanten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Al%C3%A9phant" title="Êléphant – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êléphant" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlou" title="Tlou – shimoliy soto" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tlou" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="shimoliy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81h_yee_adilohii" title="Chį́į́h yee adilohii – navaxo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chį́į́h yee adilohii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80" title="ହାତୀ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାତୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80" title="ਹਾਥੀ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਥੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifanti" title="Olifanti – papiyamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Olifanti" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiyamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82onie" title="Słonie – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Słonie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہاتھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہاتھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيل – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فيل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefandu" title="Elefandu – arumin" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Elefandu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzovu" title="Inzovu – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inzovu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%83" title="गजः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गजः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Сэлиилэр – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сэлиилэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Elephant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%BF%D9%8A" title="هاٿي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هاٿي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၸၢင်ႉ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸၢင်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92" title="අලි – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අලි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elephant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہاتھی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہاتھی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefane" title="Elefane – samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Elefane" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzou" title="Nzou – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nzou" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroodi" title="Maroodi – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maroodi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanti" title="Elefanti – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elefanti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlou" title="Tlou – janubiy soto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tlou" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="janubiy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndovu" title="Ndovu – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ndovu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/zu" title="zu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="zu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="யானை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யானை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/zo" title="zo – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="zo" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಆನೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಆನೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%93%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B3" title="ᥓᥣᥒᥳ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥓᥣᥒᥳ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="ఏనుగు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఏనుగు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ช้าง – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ช้าง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil" title="Pil – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pil" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadya" title="Gadya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gadya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%84" title="پىل – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہاتھی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہاتھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%B8%93ou" title="Nḓou – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Nḓou" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voi" title="Voi – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Voi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifantn" title="Olifantn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Olifantn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leefad" title="Leefad – volapyuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Leefad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elepante" title="Elepante – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elepante" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91ay" title="Ñay – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ñay" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зан – qalmoq" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Зан" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="qalmoq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="העלפאנד – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העלפאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin" title="Erin – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Erin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duzciengh" title="Duzciengh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Duzciengh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C5%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Chhiūⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiūⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indlovu" title="Indlovu – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Indlovu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7378#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fil" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Fil" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > 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</ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fil"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asboblar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" 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href="/wiki/Fil"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Fil" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Fil" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&oldid=5234284" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Fil&id=5234284&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi 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href="/wiki/Fayl:African_Bush_Elephant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/African_Bush_Elephant.jpg/220px-African_Bush_Elephant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/African_Bush_Elephant.jpg/330px-African_Bush_Elephant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/African_Bush_Elephant.jpg/440px-African_Bush_Elephant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Tanzaniyaning Mikumi milliy parkidagi Afrika buta fillarining urgʻochi vakili </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background: #ebebd2;"><a href="/wiki/Biologik_klassifikatsiya" title="Biologik klassifikatsiya">Biologik klassifikatsiya</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td>Domen: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukariotlar" title="Eukariotlar">Eukariotlar</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Olam: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hayvonlar" title="Hayvonlar">Hayvonlar</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Tip: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xordalilar" title="Xordalilar">Xordalilar</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Sinf: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sut_emizuvchilar" title="Sut emizuvchilar">Sut emizuvchilar</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Turkum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xartumlilar" title="Xartumlilar">Xartumlilar</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Katta oila: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephantoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephantoidea (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elephantoidea</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Oila: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fillar" title="Fillar">Fillar</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Loxodonta_Elephas_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tirik fil turlarining taqsimlanishi"><img alt="Tirik fil turlarining taqsimlanishi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Loxodonta_Elephas_distribution.png/200px-Loxodonta_Elephas_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Loxodonta_Elephas_distribution.png/300px-Loxodonta_Elephas_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Loxodonta_Elephas_distribution.png/400px-Loxodonta_Elephas_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><br /><small><div style="text-align:center">Tirik fil turlarining taqsimlanishi</div></small> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ebebd2"> <th><center>Ostturlar</center> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 .5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Loxodonta</a></i> <small>Nomaʼlum, 1827</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osiyo_fili" title="Osiyo fili">Elephas</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758</small></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeoloxodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeoloxodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Palaeoloxodon</a></i> <small>Matsumoto, 1925</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Fil</b> – quruqlikdagi mavjud hayvonlarning eng kattasi. Hozirgi vaqtda fillarning uchta tirik <a href="/wiki/Tur_(biologiya)" title="Tur (biologiya)">turi</a> tan olingan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_buta_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika buta fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika buta fili</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_o%CA%BBrmon_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika oʻrmon fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika oʻrmon fili</a> va <a href="/wiki/Osiyo_fili" title="Osiyo fili">Osiyo fili</a>. Ular <a href="/wiki/Fillar" title="Fillar">Fillar</a> <a href="/wiki/Oila_(biologiya)" title="Oila (biologiya)">oilasi</a> va <a href="/wiki/Xartumlilar" title="Xartumlilar">Xartumlilar</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkum" title="Turkum">turkumining</a> omon qolgan yagona aʼzolaridir. Fillarning yoʻq boʻlib ketgan qarindoshlari orasida <a href="/wiki/Mamont" title="Mamont">mamontlar</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mastodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">mastodonlar</a> mavjud. Ushbu jonzotlarning oʻziga xos xususiyatlari orasiga magistral deb ataladigan uzun <a href="/wiki/Xartum_(burun)" title="Xartum (burun)">xartum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tusk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tusk (sahifa yaratilmagan)">tishlar</a>, katta quloq, ustunga oʻxshash oyoqlar va qattiq, ammo sezgir kulrang teri kiradi. Filning xartumi ogʻiz boʻshligʻiga oziq-ovqat hamda suv olib keladi va narsalarni ushlaydi. Kurak tishlar ham qurol, ham narsalarni harakatlantirish va qazish uchun asbob sifatida xizmat qiladi. Katta qulogʻi doimiy tana haroratini saqlashga, shuningdek, muloqotda boʻlishga yordam beradi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika fillarining</a> quloqlari kattaroq va orqalari botiq, Osiyo fillarining quloqlari kichikroq, orqalari qavariq yoki tekis boʻladi. </p><p>Fillar Janubiy Afrika Sahroi Kabiri, Janubiy Osiyo va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo boʻylab tarqalgan va turli xil yashash joylarida, jumladan <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savannalarda</a>, <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrmon" title="Oʻrmon">oʻrmonlarda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cho%CA%BBl" title="Choʻl">choʻllarda</a> va <a href="/wiki/Botqoqlik" title="Botqoqlik">botqoqlarda</a> hayot kechiradi. Ushbu jonzotlar <a href="/wiki/Fitofaglar" title="Fitofaglar">oʻtxoʻrligi</a> bilan birga qulay boʻlishi uchun suvga yaqin hududlarda yashashadi. Fillar tabiiy muhitga nomutanosib ravishda katta taʼsir koʻrsatadigan tur hisoblanadi. Ular boʻlinish-birikma jamiyatiga ega boʻlib, unda bir nechta oila guruhlari birlashadilar. Urgʻochilar (sigirlar) oilaviy guruhlarda yashashga moyil boʻlib, bunday guruhlar urgʻochi buzoqlar yoki nasldagi bir nechta qarindosh urgʻochilardan iborat boʻlishi mumkin. Ayollar guruhining rahbari, odatda eng keksa sigir, <a href="/wiki/Matriarxat" title="Matriarxat">matriarx</a> sifatida tanilgan. </p><p>Erkaklar (buqalar) balogʻat yoshiga yetganlarida oʻz oilalarini tark etadilar va yolgʻiz yoki boshqa erkaklar bilan yashashlari mumkin boʻladi. Voyaga yetgan buqalar turmush oʻrtogʻini qidirganda, asosan, oilaviy guruhlar bilan muloqot qiladi. Erkak fillar <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">testosteronning</a> kuchayishi va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musth (sahifa yaratilmagan)">musth</a> deb nomlanuvchi tajovuzkorlik holatiga kirishadi, bu ularga boshqa erkak fillar ustidan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominantlik_(etologiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominantlik (etologiya) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">hukmronlik qilishga</a> hamda reproduktiv muvaffaqiyatga erishishga yordam beradi. Fil bolalari oʻzlarining oila guruhlarida diqqat markazida boʻlib, uch yil davomida onalariga tayanadilar. Yovvoyi tabiatda fillar 70 yilgacha yashashi mumkin. Ular teginish, koʻrish, hid va tovush bilan aloqa qiladilar; fillar uzoq masofalarda <a href="/wiki/Infratovush" title="Infratovush">infratovush</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seysmik_aloqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seysmik aloqa (sahifa yaratilmagan)">seysmik aloqadan</a> foydalanadilar. Fillarning aql-zakovati <a href="/wiki/Primatlar" title="Primatlar">primatlar</a> va <a href="/wiki/Kitsimonlar" title="Kitsimonlar">kitsimonlar</a> bilan taqqoslanadi. Ular oʻzligini anglay oladigandek koʻrinadi va oʻlayotgan yoki oʻlik turdoshlariga nisbatan tashvishlanishadi. </p><p>Afrika buta fillari va Osiyo fillari <a href="/wiki/Tabiatni_muhofaza_qilish_xalqaro_ittifoqi" title="Tabiatni muhofaza qilish xalqaro ittifoqi">Xalqaro tabiatni muhofaza qilish ittifoqi</a> (IUCN) tomonidan yoʻqolib ketish xavfi ostidagi, Afrika oʻrmon fillari esa jiddiy yoʻqolib ketish xavfi ostidagi jonivorlar roʻyxatiga kiritilgan. Fillar populyatsiyasi uchun eng katta tahdidlardan biri bu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil_suyagi_savdosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fil suyagi savdosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">fil suyagi savdosi</a> hisoblanib, insonlar filning kurak tishlari uchun <a href="/wiki/Brakonerlik" title="Brakonerlik">brakonerlik</a> qilishadi. Yovvoyi fillar uchun boshqa tahdidlar qatoriga yashash joylarini yoʻq qilinishi va mahalliy odamlar bilan toʻqnashuvlar kiradi. Fillardan Osiyoda ishlaydigan hayvonlar sifatida foydalanishadi. Ilgari ular urushda ishlatilgan; bugungi kunda fillar koʻpincha hayvonot bogʻlarida koʻrgazmaga qoʻyiladi yoki <a href="/wiki/Sirk" title="Sirk">sirklarda</a> koʻngil ochish maqsadida foydalaniladi. Fillar insoniyat madaniyatida oʻziga xos maqomga ega boʻlib, ular <a href="/wiki/San%CA%BCat" title="Sanʼat">sanʼat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folklor" title="Folklor">folklor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Din" title="Din">din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adabiyot" title="Adabiyot">adabiyot</a> va <a href="/wiki/Ommaviy_madaniyat" title="Ommaviy madaniyat">ommaviy madaniyatda</a> namoyon boʻlgan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologiyasi">Etimologiyasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Etimologiyasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologiyasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>„Elephant“ (fil) soʻzi <a href="/wiki/Lotin_tili" title="Lotin tili">lotincha</a> <i>elephas</i> (<i>elephantis</i>)ga asoslangan boʻlib, bu <a href="/wiki/Yunon_tili" title="Yunon tili">yunoncha</a> ἐλέφας (<i>elephas</i>) ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismlarni_lotinlashtirish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismlarni lotinlashtirish (sahifa yaratilmagan)">lotincha</a> shaklidir. U <a href="/wiki/Hind-yevropa_tillari" title="Hind-yevropa tillari">hind-yevropa</a> tili yoki <a href="/wiki/Finikiy_tili" title="Finikiy tili">finikiy tilidan</a> kelib chiqqan boʻlishi ham mumkin<sup id="cite_ref-etymology_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miken_yunoncha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miken yunoncha (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Miken-yunon tilida</a> nom boʻgʻinli yozuvda <i>e-re-pa</i> (<i>e-re-pa-to</i>) sifatida talqin qilingan<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Miken-yunon tilidagi kabi, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> bu yunoncha soʻzni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil_suyagi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fil suyagi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">fil suyagi</a> degan maʼnoni ifodalash uchun ishlatgan, ammo <a href="/wiki/Gerodot" title="Gerodot">Gerodot</a> davridan keyin soʻz hayvonga ham ishora qilgan. „Elephant“ soʻzi <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27rta_ingliz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'rta ingliz (sahifa yaratilmagan)">oʻrta ingliz tiliga</a> <i>olyfaunt</i> sifatida kirib keldi (<abbr title="taxminan">tax.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span>), bu shakl <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadimgi_frantsuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qadimgi frantsuz (sahifa yaratilmagan)">qadimgi fransuz</a> tilidagi <i>oliphant</i> (XII asr) soʻzidan olingan<sup id="cite_ref-etymology_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taksonomiyasi">Taksonomiyasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Taksonomiyasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Taksonomiyasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fillar <a href="/wiki/Fillar" title="Fillar">Fillar</a> oilasiga tegishli boʻlib, <a href="/wiki/Xartumlilar" title="Xartumlilar">Xartumlilar</a> turkumida qolgan yagona oiladir. Ularning eng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hozirgi_takson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hozirgi takson (sahifa yaratilmagan)">yaqin</a> qarindoshlari <a href="/wiki/Siren_(sut_emizuvchi)" title="Siren (sut emizuvchi)">Sirenlar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dyugon" title="Dyugon">dyugonlar</a> va <a href="/wiki/Lamantinlar" title="Lamantinlar">lamatinlar</a>) va <a href="/wiki/Damanlar" title="Damanlar">Damanlar</a> boʻlib, ular birgalikda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrotheria</a> katta turkumi ichidagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paenungulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paenungulata (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Paenungulata</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clade (sahifa yaratilmagan)">guruhiga</a> mansubdirlar<sup id="cite_ref-Ozawa_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ozawa-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fillar va Sirenlar qoʻshimcha ravishda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetiteriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetiteriya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tethytheria</a> guruhiga ham kiradi<sup id="cite_ref-Ozawa2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ozawa2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: white; vertical-align: middle; width: [[:Andoza:If number]]px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right; font-size:70%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2988557">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrotheria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afroinsectiphilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afroinsectiphilia (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afroinsectiphilia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubulidentata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubulidentata (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tubulidentata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orycteropodidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orycteropodidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Orycteropodidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Aardvark2_(PSF)_colourised.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png/60px-Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png/90px-Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png/120px-Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afroinsectivora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afroinsectivora (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afroinsectivora</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroscelidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroscelidea (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Macroscelidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroscelididae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroscelididae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Macroscelididae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg/50px-Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg/75px-Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg/100px-Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="283" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrosoricida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrosoricida (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrosoricida</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrysochloridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrysochloridae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Chrysochloridae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:The_animal_kingdom,_arranged_according_to_its_organization,_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_(Pl._18)_(Chrysochloris_asiatica).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg/50px-The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg/75px-The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg/100px-The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="291" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenrecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenrecidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tenrecidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_(1876)_(Tenrec_ecaudatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg/50px-Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg/75px-Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg/100px-Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="369" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paenungulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paenungulata (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Paenungulata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Damanlar" title="Damanlar">Hyracoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyrax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyrax (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Procaviidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg/50px-DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg/75px-DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg/100px-DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="382" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tethytheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tethytheria (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tethytheria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Xartumlilar" title="Xartumlilar">Proboscidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Fillar" title="Fillar">Elephantidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Elephas_africanus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Elephas_africanus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/70px-Elephas_africanus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Elephas_africanus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/105px-Elephas_africanus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Elephas_africanus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/140px-Elephas_africanus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Siren_(sut_emizuvchi)" title="Siren (sut emizuvchi)">Sirenia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugongidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugongidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Dugongidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg/60px-Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg/90px-Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg/120px-Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="248" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichechidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichechidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Trichechidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Manatee_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/60px-Manatee_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/90px-Manatee_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/120px-Manatee_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="247" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;">Molekulyar dalillarga asoslangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrotheria</a> ichidagi fillarning kladogrammasi<sup id="cite_ref-tabuce_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabuce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Tirik fillarning uchta turi tan olingan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_buta_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika buta fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika buta fili</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loxodonta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loxodonta (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Loxodonta</a> africana</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_o%27rmon_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika o'rmon fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika o'rmon fili</a> (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i>) va <a href="/wiki/Osiyo_fili" title="Osiyo fili">Osiyo fili</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elefa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elefa (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elephas</a> maximus</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika fillari</a> tarkibi anʼanaviy ravishda yagona tur - <i>Loxodonta africanani</i> oʻz ichiga olgan edi, ammo molekulyar tadqiqotlar ularning birgina tur emasligini tasdiqladi<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ishida_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ishida-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-genomic_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genomic-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Mamont" title="Mamont">Mamontlar</a> (<i>Mammuthus</i>) tirik fillar taqqoslanganda Afrika fillariga qaraganda Osiyo fillari bilan yaqinroqdir<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fillarning yana bir yoʻq boʻlib ketgan jinsi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeoloxodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeoloxodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Palaeoloxodon</a></i> ham tan olingan, u Afrika fillari bilan yaqin aloqada boʻlgan va ular bilan duragaylashgan<sup id="cite_ref-Callaway2016_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaway2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolyutsiyasi">Evolyutsiyasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Evolyutsiyasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Evolyutsiyasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fanda proboskidlar guruhining 180 dan ortiq yoʻqolib ketgan aʼzolari aniqlangan<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Pleystotsen" title="Pleystotsen">Pleystotsenning</a> dastlabki davridan maʼlum boʻlgan eng qadimgi proboskidlar, Afrika <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriteriy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriteriy (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Eritheriumi</a></i> va <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatiy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatiy (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Phosphatheriumi</a></i> hisoblanadi<sup id="cite_ref-Gheerbrant_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gheerbrant-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Eotsen" title="Eotsen">Eotsen</a> davridagi proboskidlarga Afrika <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numidoterium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numidoterium (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Numidotheriumi</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moeriterium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moeriterium (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Moeritheriumi</a></i> va <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bariteriy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bariteriy (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Barytheriumi</a></i> kiradi. Bu hayvonlar nisbatan kichik boʻlgan va baʼzilari, masalan, <i>Moeritherium</i> va <i>Barytherium</i> amfibiya boʻlgan boʻlishi ehtimoli ham mavjud<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Keyinchalik <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiomiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiomiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Phiomia</a></i> va <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleomastodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleomastodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Paleomastodon</a></i> kabi avlodlar paydo boʻldi; ikkinchisi koʻproq oʻrmonli hududlarda yashagan. <a href="/wiki/Oligotsen" title="Oligotsen">Oligotsen</a> davrida proboskidlar diversifikatsiyasi juda oz oʻzgargan<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ushbu davrning diqqatga sazovor turlaridan biri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_shoxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika shoxi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Somali yarim orolidagi</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eritreum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eritreum (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Eritreum</a> melakeghebrekristosi</i> boʻlib, u bir necha keyingi turlarning ajdodi boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkin<sup id="cite_ref-link_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: white; vertical-align: middle; width: [[:Andoza:If number]]px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Xartumlilar" title="Xartumlilar">Proboscidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>dastlabki Proboscidealar, masalan: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moeritherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moeritherium (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Moeritherium</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Moeritherium_NT_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Moeritherium_NT_crop.jpg/70px-Moeritherium_NT_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Moeritherium_NT_crop.jpg/105px-Moeritherium_NT_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Moeritherium_NT_crop.jpg/140px-Moeritherium_NT_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deinotheriidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deinotheriidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Deinotheriidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Deinotherium12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deinotherium12.jpg/70px-Deinotherium12.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deinotherium12.jpg/105px-Deinotherium12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deinotherium12.jpg/140px-Deinotherium12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3191" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephantiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephantiformes (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elephantiformes</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammutidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammutidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Mammutidae</a> <span style="[[:Andoza:MirrorH]]"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:BlankMastodon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/70px-BlankMastodon.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/105px-BlankMastodon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/140px-BlankMastodon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomphotheriidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomphotheriidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gomphotheriidae</a> <span style="[[:Andoza:MirrorH]]"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg/70px-Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg/105px-Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg/140px-Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stegodontidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stegodontidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Stegodontidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stegodon_ganesaDB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Stegodon_ganesaDB.jpg/85px-Stegodon_ganesaDB.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Stegodon_ganesaDB.jpg/128px-Stegodon_ganesaDB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Stegodon_ganesaDB.jpg/170px-Stegodon_ganesaDB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="1926" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Fillar" title="Fillar">Elephantidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loxodonta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loxodonta (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Loxodonta</a></i> <span style="[[:Andoza:MirrorH]]"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:African_elephant_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/African_elephant_%28PSF%29.png/60px-African_elephant_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/African_elephant_%28PSF%29.png/90px-African_elephant_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/African_elephant_%28PSF%29.png/120px-African_elephant_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2154" data-file-height="1718" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2988557"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mamont" title="Mamont">Mammuthus</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg/70px-Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg/105px-Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg/140px-Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1781" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephas (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elephas</a></i> <span style="[[:Andoza:MirrorH]]"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Indian_elephant_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Indian_elephant_%28PSF%29.png/70px-Indian_elephant_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Indian_elephant_%28PSF%29.png/105px-Indian_elephant_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Indian_elephant_%28PSF%29.png/140px-Indian_elephant_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="2588" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;">Filning morfologik va DNK tahlillariga asoslangan Proboscidea filogeniyasi<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Taxminan 18-19 million yil muqaddam ilk <a href="/wiki/Miotsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Miotsen">miotsen</a> davrida Afro-Arabistonning Yevroosiyo bilan toʻqnashuvi proboskidlar evolyutsiyasidagi muhim voqea boʻlib, bu ushbu turkumning vatani Afrika Yevroosiyo boʻylab tarqalib ketishiga imkon berdi va keyinroq, taxminan 16-15 million yil oldin ular Bering quruqlik koʻprigi orqali Shimoliy Amerikaga ham oʻtdi. Miotsen davrida mashhur boʻlgan proboskidlar guruhlari tarkibiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deinother&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deinother (sahifa yaratilmagan)">deinoterlar</a>, shuningdek, ilgʻor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephantimorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephantimorpha (sahifa yaratilmagan)">fillar</a>, jumladan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammutidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammutidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">mamutidlar</a> (mastodonlar), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomfoter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomfoter (sahifa yaratilmagan)">gomfoterlar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amebelodontidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amebelodontidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">amebelodontidlar</a> (bunga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platybelodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platybelodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Platybelodon</a></i> kabi „belkurak tishlilar“ kiradi), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choerolofodontidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choerolofodontidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">xoerolofodontidlar</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stegodontidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stegodontidae (sahifa yaratilmagan)">stegodontidlar</a> kiradi<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Taxminan 10 million yil oldin, <a href="/wiki/Fillar" title="Fillar">Fillar</a> oilasining eng qadimgi vakillari gomfoterlardan kelib chiqqan holda Afrikada paydo boʻlgan<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Fillar oldingi proboskidlardan molyar tishlarining oldingi proboskidlardagi kabi eng boshidagi qatorga emas, balki parallel qatorga siljigani bilan ajralib turadi, bu farq ularga oʻtlarni isteʼmol qilishning qulay boʻishi imkonini beradi<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Miotsenning oxirgi davrida katta iqlim oʻzgarishlari kuzatildi, bu esa koʻplab proboskid guruhlarining kamayishi va yoʻq boʻlib ketishiga olib keldi<sup id="cite_ref-:22_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fillar oilasi zamonaviy avlodining eng qadimgi vakillari taxminan 5 million yil oldin oxirgi miotsen-ilk pliotsen davrida paydo boʻlgan. Fillarning avlodi <i>Elephas</i> (tirik Osiyo filini oʻz ichiga oladi) va <i>Mammutus</i> (mamontlar) <a href="/wiki/Pliotsen" title="Pliotsen">pliotsen</a> davri oxirida, taxminan 3,6-3,2 million yil oldin Afrikadan koʻchib kelgan<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erta_pleystotsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erta pleystotsen (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ilk pleystosen</a> davrida <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stegodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stegodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Stegodondan</a></i> va Amerika qitʼasidan tashqaridagi barcha fil boʻlmagan proboskid avlodlari yoʻq boʻlib ketdi<i><sup id="cite_ref-:23_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,</i> gomfoterlar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyuk_Amerika_almashinuvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyuk Amerika almashinuvi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Buyuk Amerika almashinuvining</a> bir qismi sifatida Janubiy Amerikaga tarqalib ketdi<sup id="cite_ref-Mothé_et_al_2016_(In_Press)_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mothé_et_al_2016_(In_Press)-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> va <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Amerika" title="Shimoliy Amerika">Shimoliy Amerika</a> taxminan 1,5 million yil oldin <a href="/wiki/Mamont" title="Mamont">mamontlar</a> koʻchib oʻtdi<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Erta pleystosenning oxirida, taxminan 800 000 yil oldin, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleoloxodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleoloxodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Paleoloxodon</a></i> fil turi Afrikadan tashqariga chiqib, Yevrosiyoda keng tarqalgan<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kech_pleystotsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kech pleystotsen (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Oxirgi pleysotsen</a> davrida proboskidlar keskin kamayib ketdi, qolgan barcha fil boʻlmagan proboskidlar (jumladan, <i>Stegodon</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mastodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">mastodonlar</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuvieronius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuvieronius (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Cuvieronius</a></i> va <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notiomastodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notiomastodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Notiomastodon</a></i> kabi gomfoterlar) va <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleoloxodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleoloxodon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Paleoloxodon</a></i> yoʻq boʻlib ketdi, mamontlar faqat Golosen tarkibidagi <a href="/wiki/Bering_bo%CA%BBg%CA%BBozi" title="Bering boʻgʻozi">Bering boʻgʻozi</a> atrofida mavjud baʼzi bir orollarda yashardi, soʻnggi omon qolganlari esa taxminan 4000 yil oldin <a href="/wiki/Vrangel_oroli" title="Vrangel oroli">Vrangel orolida</a> hayot kechirgan<sup id="cite_ref-:23_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Evolyutsiya jarayonida proboskidlar kattalashib bordi. Shu bilan birga, uzunroq oyoq-qoʻllarga, kengroq hajmdagi oyoqlarga, shuningdek, kattaroq bosh va qisqa boʻyinga ega boʻldi. Xartumlari rivojlanib, uzunroq oʻsdi. Premolyarlar, keskir tishlar hamda boʻri tishlari soni kamaydi va yonoq tishlari (molyarlar va premolyarlar) uzunroq boʻlib, asosiy tishlar vazifasini bajarishga ixtisoslashdi. Keskir tishlari turli shakl va oʻlchamdagi tishlarga aylangan<sup id="cite_ref-evolution_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evolution-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Proboskidlarning bir nechta turlari orollarda izolyatsiya qilingan va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulyar_mittilik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insulyar mittilik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">orol</a> ularga kichiklik qilgan<sup id="cite_ref-Sukumar31_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sukumar31-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, shuning uchun baʼzilari tana hajmini keskin qisqartirgan, masalan 1 metr (3.3 ft) uzunlikdagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitti_fil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitti fil (sahifa yaratilmagan)">boʻyli mitti fil</a> turlari – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleoloxodon_falconeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleoloxodon falconeri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Palaeoloxodon falconerilar</a></i> paydo boʻlgan<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tirik_turlar">Tirik turlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tirik turlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Tirik turlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nomi </th> <th>Hajmi </th> <th>Tashqi koʻrinishi </th> <th>Tarqalishi </th> <th>Rasmi </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_buta_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika buta fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika buta fili</a> (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) </td> <td><b>Erkagi</b>: 304-336 sm (10 fut-11 fut) (yelka balandligi), 5.2-6.9 tonna (ogʻirligi); <b>Urgʻochisi</b>: 247–273 sm (1,379 ft 1 in–1,524 ft 3 in) (yelka balandligi), 2.6-3.5 tonna (ogʻirligi)<sup id="cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._2015_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larramendi,_A._2015-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Nisbatan katta va uchburchaksimon quloqlar, orqasi botiq, olmos shaklidagi molyar tish qatorlari, ajinli teri, egilgan qorin va xartumining uchi ikkita barmoq sigʻadigan kenglikda </td> <td>Afrika <a href="/wiki/Sahroi_Kabir" title="Sahroi Kabir">Sahroi Kabiri</a>; oʻrmonlar, savannalar, choʻllar, botqoq yerlar va koʻllar yaqinida<sup id="cite_ref-Shoshani42_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoshani42-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:African_Elephant_(Loxodonta_africana)_male_(17289351322).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/African_Elephant_%28Loxodonta_africana%29_male_%2817289351322%29.jpg/200px-African_Elephant_%28Loxodonta_africana%29_male_%2817289351322%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/African_Elephant_%28Loxodonta_africana%29_male_%2817289351322%29.jpg/300px-African_Elephant_%28Loxodonta_africana%29_male_%2817289351322%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/African_Elephant_%28Loxodonta_africana%29_male_%2817289351322%29.jpg/399px-African_Elephant_%28Loxodonta_africana%29_male_%2817289351322%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_o%CA%BBrmon_fili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika oʻrmon fili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Afrika oʻrmon fili</a> (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i>) </td> <td>209–231 sm (1,166 ft 11 in–1,289 ft 9 in) (yelka balandligi), 1.7-2.3 tonna (ogʻirligi)<sup id="cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._2015_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larramendi,_A._2015-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Buta fili turlariga oʻxshash, lekin kichikroq hamda yumaloq quloqlari va ingichka hamda tekisroq tishlari bilan ulardan farq qiladi<sup id="cite_ref-Shoshani38_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoshani38-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shoshani42_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoshani42-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/G%CA%BBarbiy_Afrika" title="Gʻarbiy Afrika">Gʻarbiy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Markaziy_Afrika" title="Markaziy Afrika">Markaziy Afrika</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantika_Ekvatorial_qirg%CA%BBoq_o%CA%BBrmonlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantika Ekvatorial qirgʻoq oʻrmonlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">ekvatorial oʻrmonlar</a>, lekin vaqti-vaqti bilan <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%CA%BBrmon_galereyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oʻrmon galereyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">galereya oʻrmonlari</a> va oʻrmon/oʻtloq <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekoton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekoton (sahifa yaratilmagan)">ekotonlarida ham uchrab turadi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Shoshani42_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoshani42-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/200px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/300px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/400px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osiyo_fili" title="Osiyo fili">Osiyo fili</a> (<i>Elephas maximus</i>) </td> <td><b>Erkagi</b>: 261–289 cm (8 ft 7 in–9 ft 6 in) (yelka balandligi), 3.5-4.6 tonna (ogʻirligi); <p><b>Urgʻochisi</b>: 228–252 sm (1,273 ft 0 in–1,407 ft 0 in) (yelka balandligi), 2.3-3.1 tonna (ogʻirligi)<sup id="cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._20152_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larramendi,_A._20152-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>Nisbatan kichik quloqlar, qavariq yoki tekis orqa, tepaga boʻrtib chiqqan bosh, tor molyar tish qatorlari, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depigmentatsiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depigmentatsiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">depigmentatsiya</a> dogʻlari boʻlgan silliq teri, tekis qorin va bir barmoq kengligidagi xartum uchi<sup id="cite_ref-Shoshani382_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoshani382-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janubiy_Osiyo" title="Janubiy Osiyo">Janubiy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Janubi-Sharqiy_Osiyo" title="Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo">Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo</a>; oʻtlar, past boʻyli oʻsimliklar va daraxtlardan iborat boʻlgan yashash hududlari, shu jumladan Hindiston janubidagi va Shri-Lankadagi quruq <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekkan_tikanli_o%CA%BBrmonlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekkan tikanli oʻrmonlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">tikanli oʻrmonlar</a> va <a href="/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka">Malayadagi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doim_yashil_o%CA%BBrmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doim yashil oʻrmon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">doimiy yashil oʻrmonlar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Asian_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asian-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Elephas_maximus_(Bandipur).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/200px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/300px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/400px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="1732" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomiyasi">Anatomiyasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Anatomiyasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Anatomiyasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Elephant_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elephant_skeleton.jpg/220px-Elephant_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elephant_skeleton.jpg/330px-Elephant_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elephant_skeleton.jpg/440px-Elephant_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Afrika buta filining skeleti</figcaption></figure> <p>Fillar quruqlikda yashovchi eng yirik hayvonlardir. Ularning skeleti 326-351 ta suyakdan iborat<sup id="cite_ref-Shoshani68_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoshani68-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Umurtqalar qattiq boʻgʻinlar bilan birikkan boʻlib, ular umurtqa pogʻonasining moslashuvchanligini cheklaydi. Afrika fillarida 21 ta juft qovurgʻa bor, Osiyo fillarida esa bu koʻrsatkich 19 yoki 20 juftni tashkil qiladi<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bosh suyagida havo boʻshliqlari (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinus_(anatomiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinus (anatomiya) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">sinuslar</a>) mavjud boʻlib, ular umumiy quvvatni saqlab, bosh suyagining ogʻirligini kamaytiradi. Bu boʻshliqlar bosh suyagining ichki qismida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asal_uyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asal uyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">asal uyasiga</a> oʻxshash koʻrinish beradi. Aksincha, pastki jagʻi zich boʻladi. Bosh suyagi ayniqsa katta boʻlib, bu boshdagi mushaklar birikishi uchun yetarli joy hosil qiladi<sup id="cite_ref-Shoshani68_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoshani68-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bosh suyagi, ayniqsa jang paytida yoki tishlardan foydalanganda katta stressga bardosh beradigan darajada qurilgan. Miya bosh suyagidagi yoylar bilan oʻralgan boʻlib, ular himoya vazifasini bajaradi<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Boshning kattaligi tufayli boʻyin noqulaylik tugʻdirmaslik uchun nisbatan qisqa boʻladi<sup id="cite_ref-evolution2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evolution2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fillar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomeotermiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomeotermiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">gomeotermlardir</a> va oʻrtacha tana haroratini ~ 36 °C (97 °F), salqin mavsumda kamida 35,2 °C (95,4 °F) va issiq quruq mavsumda maksimal 38,0 °C (100,4 °F) darajada ushlab turadilar<sup id="cite_ref-:1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-etymology-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-etymology_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-etymology_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Harper, D.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224141504/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=elephant">"Elephant"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=elephant">the original</a> on 24 December 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224141504/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=elephant">https://web.archive.org/web/20131224141504/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=elephant</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 25 October 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Elephant&rft.atitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Harper%2C+D.&rft.au=Harper%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20131224141504%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Delephant&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Lujan, E. R.; Bernabe, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020172849/https://www.academia.edu/2229199">"Ivory and horn production in Mycenaean texts"</a>. <i>Kosmos. Jewellery, Adornment and Textiles in the Aegean Bronze Age</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2229199">the original</a> on 20 October 2021<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020172849/https://www.academia.edu/2229199">https://web.archive.org/web/20211020172849/https://www.academia.edu/2229199</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 22 January 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ivory+and+horn+production+in+Mycenaean+texts&rft.jtitle=Kosmos.+Jewellery%2C+Adornment+and+Textiles+in+the+Aegean+Bronze+Age&rft.aulast=Lujan&rft.aufirst=E.+R.&rft.au=Lujan%2C%26%2332%3BE.+R.&rft.au=Bernabe%2C%26%2332%3BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211020172849%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2229199&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>Fil]]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeolexicon.com/default.aspx?static=12&wid=189">„elephant“</a></span>.  Palaeolexicon, Word study tool of ancient languages. 2012-yil 4-dekabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121204075314/http://www.palaeolexicon.com/default.aspx?static=12&wid=189">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 19-yanvar.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ozawa-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ozawa_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Kellogg, M.; Burkett, S.; Dennis, T. R.; Stone, G.; Gray, B. A.; McGuire, P. M.; Zori, R. T.; Stanyon, R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1784077">"Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata"</a>. <i>Evolutionary Biology</i> <b>7</b>: 6. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-7-6">10.1186/1471-2148-7-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17244368">17244368</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1784077/?tool=pmcentrez">1784077</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1784077</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chromosome+painting+in+the+manatee+supports+Afrotheria+and+Paenungulata&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Biology&rft.aulast=Kellogg%2C+M.&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+M.&rft.au=Burkett%2C+S.&rft.au=Dennis%2C+T.+R.&rft.au=Stone%2C+G.&rft.au=Gray%2C+B.+A.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+P.+M.&rft.au=Zori%2C+R.+T.&rft.au=Stanyon%2C+R.&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=6&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2148-7-6&rft_id=info:pmid/17244368&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D1784077&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ozawa2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ozawa2_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Ozawa, T.; Hayashi, S.; Mikhelson, V. M. (1997). "Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences". <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i> <b>44</b> (4): 406–13. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FPL00006160">10.1007/PL00006160</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9089080">9089080</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+position+of+mammoth+and+Steller%27s+sea+cow+within+tethytheria+demonstrated+by+mitochondrial+DNA+sequences&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Evolution&rft.aulast=Ozawa%2C+T.&rft.au=Ozawa%2C+T.&rft.au=Hayashi%2C+S.&rft.au=Mikhelson%2C+V.+M.&rft.date=1997&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=406%E2%80%9313&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FPL00006160&rft_id=info:pmid/9089080&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tabuce-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tabuce_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Tabuce, R.; Asher, R. J.; Lehmann, T. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phylodiversity.net/azanne/csfar/images/d/d9/Afrotherian_mammals.pdf">"Afrotherian mammals: a review of current data"</a>. <i>Mammalia</i> <b>72</b>: 2–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515%2FMAMM.2008.004">10.1515/MAMM.2008.004</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://phylodiversity.net/azanne/csfar/images/d/d9/Afrotherian_mammals.pdf">http://phylodiversity.net/azanne/csfar/images/d/d9/Afrotherian_mammals.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 19 June 2017</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Afrotherian+mammals%3A+a+review+of+current+data&rft.jtitle=Mammalia&rft.aulast=Tabuce&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Tabuce%2C%26%2332%3BR.&rft.au=Asher%2C%26%2332%3BR.+J.&rft.au=Lehmann%2C%26%2332%3BT.&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=72&rft.pages=2%E2%80%9314&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515%2FMAMM.2008.004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphylodiversity.net%2Fazanne%2Fcsfar%2Fimages%2Fd%2Fd9%2FAfrotherian_mammals.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>Fil]]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFShoshani,_J.2005">Shoshani, J. „Order Proboscidea“, <i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA91">Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</a></i>, 3rd Wilson, D. E.:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza:Kitob_manbasi/editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza:Kitob manbasi/editor (sahifa yaratilmagan)"> </a>, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005 — 90–91-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-8018-8221-0</span></a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" class="extiw" title="en:OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 11-noyabr.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.atitle=Order+Proboscidea&rft.aulast=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.pages=90%E2%80%9391 &rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft_id=info:oclcnum/62265494&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJgAMbNSt8ikC%26pg%3DPA91"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DNA_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Rohland, N.; Reich, D.; Mallick, S.; Meyer, M.; Green, R. E.; Georgiadis, N. J.; Roca, A. L.; Hofreiter, M. (2010). Penny, David. ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3006346">"Genomic DNA Sequences from Mastodon and Woolly Mammoth Reveal Deep Speciation of Forest and Savanna Elephants"</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i> <b>8</b> (12): e1000564. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000564">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21203580">21203580</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3006346/?tool=pmcentrez">3006346</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3006346</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genomic+DNA+Sequences+from+Mastodon+and+Woolly+Mammoth+Reveal+Deep+Speciation+of+Forest+and+Savanna+Elephants&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.aulast=Rohland%2C+N.&rft.au=Rohland%2C+N.&rft.au=Reich%2C+D.&rft.au=Mallick%2C+S.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+M.&rft.au=Green%2C+R.+E.&rft.au=Georgiadis%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=Roca%2C+A.+L.&rft.au=Hofreiter%2C+M.&rft.date=2010&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=e1000564&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000564&rft_id=info:pmid/21203580&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D3006346&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ishida-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ishida_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Ishida, Y.; Oleksyk, T. K.; Georgiadis, N. J.; David, V. A.; Zhao, K.; Stephens, R. M.; Kolokotronis, S.-O.; Roca, A. L. (2011). Murphy, William J. ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3110795">"Reconciling apparent conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in African elephants"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i> <b>6</b> (6): e20642. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0020642">10.1371/journal.pone.0020642</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21701575">21701575</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110795/?tool=pmcentrez">3110795</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3110795</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reconciling+apparent+conflicts+between+mitochondrial+and+nuclear+phylogenies+in+African+elephants&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.aulast=Ishida%2C+Y.&rft.au=Ishida%2C+Y.&rft.au=Oleksyk%2C+T.+K.&rft.au=Georgiadis%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=David%2C+V.+A.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+K.&rft.au=Stephens%2C+R.+M.&rft.au=Kolokotronis%2C+S.-O.&rft.au=Roca%2C+A.+L.&rft.date=2011&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e20642&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0020642&rft_id=info:pmid/21701575&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D3110795&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-genomic-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-genomic_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Roca, Alfred L.; Ishida, Yasuko; Brandt, Adam L.; Benjamin, Neal R.; Zhao, Kai; Georgiadis, Nicholas J. (2015). "Elephant Natural History: A Genomic Perspective". <i>Annual Review of Animal Biosciences</i> <b>3</b> (1): 139–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-animal-022114-110838">10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25493538">25493538</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elephant+Natural+History%3A+A+Genomic+Perspective&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Animal+Biosciences&rft.aulast=Roca&rft.aufirst=Alfred+L.&rft.au=Roca%2C%26%2332%3BAlfred+L.&rft.au=Ishida%2C%26%2332%3BYasuko&rft.au=Brandt%2C%26%2332%3BAdam+L.&rft.au=Benjamin%2C%26%2332%3BNeal+R.&rft.au=Zhao%2C%26%2332%3BKai&rft.au=Georgiadis%2C%26%2332%3BNicholas+J.&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=139%E2%80%93167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev-animal-022114-110838&rft_id=info:pmid/25493538&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Roca, Alfred L.; Ishida, Yasuko; Brandt, Adam L.; Benjamin, Neal R.; Zhao, Kai; Georgiadis, Nicholas J. (2015). "Elephant Natural History: A Genomic Perspective". <i>Annual Review of Animal Biosciences</i> <b>3</b> (1): 139–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-animal-022114-110838">10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25493538">25493538</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elephant+Natural+History%3A+A+Genomic+Perspective&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Animal+Biosciences&rft.aulast=Roca&rft.aufirst=Alfred+L.&rft.au=Roca%2C%26%2332%3BAlfred+L.&rft.au=Ishida%2C%26%2332%3BYasuko&rft.au=Brandt%2C%26%2332%3BAdam+L.&rft.au=Benjamin%2C%26%2332%3BNeal+R.&rft.au=Zhao%2C%26%2332%3BKai&rft.au=Georgiadis%2C%26%2332%3BNicholas+J.&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=139%E2%80%93167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev-animal-022114-110838&rft_id=info:pmid/25493538&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Callaway2016-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Callaway2016_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Callaway, E. (2016-09-16). "Elephant history rewritten by ancient genomes". <i>Nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20622">10.1038/nature.2016.20622</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elephant+history+rewritten+by+ancient+genomes&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Callaway%2C%26%2332%3BE.&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20622&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Palkopoulou, Eleftheria; Lipson, Mark; Mallick, Swapan; Nielsen, Svend; Rohland, Nadin; Baleka, Sina; Karpinski, Emil; Ivancevic, Atma M. <i>et al</i>. (2018-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5856550">"A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants"</a> (en). <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> <b>115</b> (11): E2566–E2574. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1720554115">10.1073/pnas.1720554115</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483247">29483247</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550/?tool=pmcentrez">5856550</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5856550</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+genomic+history+of+extinct+and+living+elephants&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.aulast=Palkopoulou&rft.aufirst=Eleftheria&rft.au=Palkopoulou%2C%26%2332%3BEleftheria&rft.au=Lipson%2C%26%2332%3BMark&rft.au=Mallick%2C%26%2332%3BSwapan&rft.au=Nielsen%2C%26%2332%3BSvend&rft.au=Rohland%2C%26%2332%3BNadin&rft.au=Baleka%2C%26%2332%3BSina&rft.au=Karpinski%2C%26%2332%3BEmil&rft.au=Ivancevic%2C%26%2332%3BAtma+M.&rft.au=To%2C%26%2332%3BThu-Hien&rft.date=2018-03-13&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=E2566%E2%80%93E2574&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1720554115&rft_id=info:pmid/29483247&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D5856550&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKingdon2013">Kingdon, Jonathan<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC">Mammals of Africa</a></i>. Bloomsbury, 2013 — 173-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9781408189962" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9781408189962">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9781408189962</span></a>. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 6-iyun.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+Africa&rft.aulast=Kingdon&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.pages=173 &rft.isbn=9781408189962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB_07noCPc4kC"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gheerbrant-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gheerbrant_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Gheerbrant, E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2705600">"Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> <b>106</b> (26): 10717–10721. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0900251106">10.1073/pnas.0900251106</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19549873">19549873</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2705600/?tool=pmcentrez">2705600</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2705600</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Paleocene+emergence+of+elephant+relatives+and+the+rapid+radiation+of+African+ungulates&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.aulast=Gheerbrant%2C+E.&rft.au=Gheerbrant%2C+E.&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=10717%E2%80%9310721&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0900251106&rft_id=info:pmid/19549873&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D2705600&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-1">16,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Sukumar, pp. 13–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Liu, Alexander G. S. C.; Seiffert, Erik R.; Simons, Elwyn L. (2008-04-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2311368">"Stable isotope evidence for an amphibious phase in early proboscidean evolution"</a> (en). <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> <b>105</b> (15): 5786–5791. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0800884105">10.1073/pnas.0800884105</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18413605">18413605</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2311368/?tool=pmcentrez">2311368</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2311368</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stable+isotope+evidence+for+an+amphibious+phase+in+early+proboscidean+evolution&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Alexander+G.+S.+C.&rft.au=Liu%2C%26%2332%3BAlexander+G.+S.+C.&rft.au=Seiffert%2C%26%2332%3BErik+R.&rft.au=Simons%2C%26%2332%3BElwyn+L.&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=5786%E2%80%935791&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0800884105&rft_id=info:pmid/18413605&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D2311368&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-link-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-link_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y. <i>et al</i>. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1859925">"A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> <b>103</b> (46): 17296–17301. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0603689103">10.1073/pnas.0603689103</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17085582">17085582</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1859925/?tool=pmcentrez">1859925</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1859925</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+proboscidean+from+the+late+Oligocene+of+Eritrea%2C+a+%22missing+link%22+between+early+Elephantiformes+and+Elephantimorpha%2C+and+biogeographic+implications&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.aulast=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Walter%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Abraha%2C+M.&rft.au=Berhe%2C+S.&rft.au=Tassy%2C+P.&rft.au=Sanders%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Marchant%2C+G.+H.&rft.au=Libsekal%2C+Y.&rft.au=Ghirmai%2C+T.&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=17296%E2%80%9317301&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0603689103&rft_id=info:pmid/17085582&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D1859925&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Baleka, S; Varela, L; Tambusso, P. S.; Paijmans, J. L. A.; Mothé, D; Stafford Jr., T. W.; Fariña, R. A.; Hofreiter, Myear=2022 (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8693454">"Revisiting proboscidean phylogeny and evolution through total evidence and palaeogenetic analyses including <i>Notiomastodon</i> ancient DNA"</a>. <i>iScience</i> <b>25</b> (1): 103559. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.isci.2021.103559">10.1016/j.isci.2021.103559</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34988402">34988402</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8693454/?tool=pmcentrez">8693454</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8693454</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Revisiting+proboscidean+phylogeny+and+evolution+through+total+evidence+and+palaeogenetic+analyses+including+%27%27Notiomastodon%27%27+ancient+DNA&rft.jtitle=iScience&rft.aulast=Baleka&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Baleka%2C%26%2332%3BS&rft.au=Varela%2C%26%2332%3BL&rft.au=Tambusso%2C%26%2332%3BP.+S.&rft.au=Paijmans%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+L.+A.&rft.au=Moth%C3%A9%2C%26%2332%3BD&rft.au=Stafford+Jr.%2C%26%2332%3BT.+W.&rft.au=Fari%C3%B1a%2C%26%2332%3BR.+A.&rft.au=Hofreiter%2C%26%2332%3BMyear%3D2022&rft.date=2022&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103559&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.isci.2021.103559&rft_id=info:pmid/34988402&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D8693454&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5263675">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBenoitLyrasSchmittNxumalo2023" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Benoit, Julien; Lyras, George A.; Schmitt, Arnaud; Nxumalo, Mpilo; Tabuce, Rodolphe; Obada, Teodor; Mararsecul, Vladislav; Manger, Paul (2023), Dozo, María Teresa; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Macrini, Thomas E.; Walsh, Stig (muh.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-13983-3_15">„Paleoneurology of the Proboscidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria): Insights from Their Brain Endocast and Labyrinth“</a>, <i>Paleoneurology of Amniotes</i> (inglizcha), Cham: Springer International Publishing, 579–644-bet, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-13983-3_15">10.1007/978-3-031-13983-3_15</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-3-031-13982-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-3-031-13982-6"><bdi>978-3-031-13982-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, qaraldi: <span class="nowrap">2023-05-22</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paleoneurology+of+Amniotes&rft.atitle=Paleoneurology+of+the+Proboscidea+%28Mammalia%2C+Afrotheria%29%3A+Insights+from+Their+Brain+Endocast+and+Labyrinth&rft.pages=579-644&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-13983-3_15&rft.isbn=978-3-031-13982-6&rft.aulast=Benoit&rft.aufirst=Julien&rft.au=Lyras%2C+George+A.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Arnaud&rft.au=Nxumalo%2C+Mpilo&rft.au=Tabuce%2C+Rodolphe&rft.au=Obada%2C+Teodor&rft.au=Mararsecul%2C+Vladislav&rft.au=Manger%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-13983-3_15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%3AFil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Sanisidro, Óscar; Zhang, Hanwen; Alberdi, María T.; Prado, José L.; Blanco, Fernando; Saarinen, Juha (2021-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w">"The rise and fall of proboscidean ecological diversity"</a> (en). <i>Nature Ecology & Evolution</i> <b>5</b> (9): 1266–1272. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41559-021-01498-w">10.1038/s41559-021-01498-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2397-334X">2397-334X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34211141">34211141</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+proboscidean+ecological+diversity&rft.jtitle=Nature+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.aulast=Cantalapiedra&rft.aufirst=Juan+L.&rft.au=Cantalapiedra%2C%26%2332%3BJuan+L.&rft.au=Sanisidro%2C%26%2332%3B%C3%93scar&rft.au=Zhang%2C%26%2332%3BHanwen&rft.au=Alberdi%2C%26%2332%3BMar%C3%ADa+T.&rft.au=Prado%2C%26%2332%3BJos%C3%A9+L.&rft.au=Blanco%2C%26%2332%3BFernando&rft.au=Saarinen%2C%26%2332%3BJuha&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1266%E2%80%931272&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41559-021-01498-w&rft_id=info:pmid/34211141&rft.issn=2397-334X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41559-021-01498-w&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Saegusa, H. Nakaya, Y. Kunimatsu, M. Nakatsukasa, H. Tsujikawa, Y. Sawada, M. Saneyoshi, T. Sakai <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/bitstream/10238/9340/2/icmr_volume_low.pdf#page=188">Earliest elephantid remains from the late Miocene locality, Nakali, Kenya</a> Scientific Annals, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece VIth International Conference on Mammoths and Their Relatives, vol. 102, Grevena -Siatista, special volume (2014), p. 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Lister, Adrian M. (2013-06-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12275">"The role of behaviour in adaptive morphological evolution of African proboscideans"</a>. <i>Nature</i> <b>500</b> (7462): 331–334. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature12275">10.1038/nature12275</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23803767">23803767</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12275">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12275</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+role+of+behaviour+in+adaptive+morphological+evolution+of+African+proboscideans&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Adrian+M.&rft.au=Lister%2C%26%2332%3BAdrian+M.&rft.date=2013-06-26&rft.volume=500&rft.issue=7462&rft.pages=331%E2%80%93334&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature12275&rft_id=info:pmid/23803767&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnature12275&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Sanisidro, Óscar; Zhang, Hanwen; Alberdi, María T.; Prado, José L.; Blanco, Fernando; Saarinen, Juha (2021-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w">"The rise and fall of proboscidean ecological diversity"</a> (en). <i>Nature Ecology & Evolution</i> <b>5</b> (9): 1266–1272. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41559-021-01498-w">10.1038/s41559-021-01498-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2397-334X">2397-334X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34211141">34211141</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+proboscidean+ecological+diversity&rft.jtitle=Nature+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.aulast=Cantalapiedra&rft.aufirst=Juan+L.&rft.au=Cantalapiedra%2C%26%2332%3BJuan+L.&rft.au=Sanisidro%2C%26%2332%3B%C3%93scar&rft.au=Zhang%2C%26%2332%3BHanwen&rft.au=Alberdi%2C%26%2332%3BMar%C3%ADa+T.&rft.au=Prado%2C%26%2332%3BJos%C3%A9+L.&rft.au=Blanco%2C%26%2332%3BFernando&rft.au=Saarinen%2C%26%2332%3BJuha&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1266%E2%80%931272&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41559-021-01498-w&rft_id=info:pmid/34211141&rft.issn=2397-334X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41559-021-01498-w&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Iannucci, Alessio; Sardella, Raffaele (2023-02-28). "What Does the "Elephant-<i>Equus</i>" Event Mean Today? Reflections on Mammal Dispersal Events around the Pliocene-Pleistocene Boundary and the Flexible Ambiguity of Biochronology" (en). <i>Quaternary</i> <b>6</b> (1): 16. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fquat6010016">10.3390/quat6010016</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2571-550X">2571-550X</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Does+the+%22Elephant-%27%27Equus%27%27%22+Event+Mean+Today%3F+Reflections+on+Mammal+Dispersal+Events+around+the+Pliocene-Pleistocene+Boundary+and+the+Flexible+Ambiguity+of+Biochronology&rft.jtitle=Quaternary&rft.aulast=Iannucci&rft.aufirst=Alessio&rft.au=Iannucci%2C%26%2332%3BAlessio&rft.au=Sardella%2C%26%2332%3BRaffaele&rft.date=2023-02-28&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fquat6010016&rft.issn=2571-550X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:23_26-0">26,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:23_26-1">26,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Sanisidro, Óscar; Zhang, Hanwen; Alberdi, María T.; Prado, José L.; Blanco, Fernando; Saarinen, Juha (2021-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w">"The rise and fall of proboscidean ecological diversity"</a> (en). <i>Nature Ecology & Evolution</i> <b>5</b> (9): 1266–1272. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41559-021-01498-w">10.1038/s41559-021-01498-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2397-334X">2397-334X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34211141">34211141</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01498-w</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+proboscidean+ecological+diversity&rft.jtitle=Nature+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.aulast=Cantalapiedra&rft.aufirst=Juan+L.&rft.au=Cantalapiedra%2C%26%2332%3BJuan+L.&rft.au=Sanisidro%2C%26%2332%3B%C3%93scar&rft.au=Zhang%2C%26%2332%3BHanwen&rft.au=Alberdi%2C%26%2332%3BMar%C3%ADa+T.&rft.au=Prado%2C%26%2332%3BJos%C3%A9+L.&rft.au=Blanco%2C%26%2332%3BFernando&rft.au=Saarinen%2C%26%2332%3BJuha&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1266%E2%80%931272&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41559-021-01498-w&rft_id=info:pmid/34211141&rft.issn=2397-334X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41559-021-01498-w&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mothé_et_al_2016_(In_Press)-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mothé_et_al_2016_(In_Press)_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Mothé, Dimila; dos Santos Avilla, Leonardo; Asevedo, Lidiane; Borges-Silva, Leon; Rosas, Mariane; Labarca-Encina, Rafael; Souberlich, Ricardo; Soibelzon, Esteban <i>et al</i>. (30 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/bitstream/15000/17075/1/Moth%c3%a9%20et%20al.%2c%202016%20-%20Sixty%20years%20proboscideans.pdf">"Sixty years after 'The mastodonts of Brazil': The state of the art of South American proboscideans (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae)"</a>. <i>Quaternary International</i> <b>443</b>: 52–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2016.08.028">10.1016/j.quaint.2016.08.028</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/bitstream/15000/17075/1/Moth%c3%a9%20et%20al.%2c%202016%20-%20Sixty%20years%20proboscideans.pdf">http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/bitstream/15000/17075/1/Moth%c3%a9%20et%20al.%2c%202016%20-%20Sixty%20years%20proboscideans.pdf</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sixty+years+after+%27The+mastodonts+of+Brazil%27%3A+The+state+of+the+art+of+South+American+proboscideans+%28Proboscidea%2C+Gomphotheriidae%29&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.aulast=Moth%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Dimila&rft.au=Moth%C3%A9%2C%26%2332%3BDimila&rft.au=dos+Santos+Avilla%2C%26%2332%3BLeonardo&rft.au=Asevedo%2C%26%2332%3BLidiane&rft.au=Borges-Silva%2C%26%2332%3BLeon&rft.au=Rosas%2C%26%2332%3BMariane&rft.au=Labarca-Encina%2C%26%2332%3BRafael&rft.au=Souberlich%2C%26%2332%3BRicardo&rft.au=Soibelzon%2C%26%2332%3BEsteban&rft.au=Roman-Carrion%2C%26%2332%3BJos%C3%A9+Luis&rft.date=30+September+2016&rft.volume=443&rft.pages=52%E2%80%9364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2016.08.028&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbibdigital.epn.edu.ec%2Fbitstream%2F15000%2F17075%2F1%2FMoth%25c3%25a9%2520et%2520al.%252c%25202016%2520-%2520Sixty%2520years%2520proboscideans.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Lister, A. M.; Sher, A. V. (2015-11-13). "Evolution and dispersal of mammoths across the Northern Hemisphere" (en). <i>Science</i> <b>350</b> (6262): 805–809. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aac5660">10.1126/science.aac5660</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564853">26564853</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+dispersal+of+mammoths+across+the+Northern+Hemisphere&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft.au=Lister%2C%26%2332%3BA.+M.&rft.au=Sher%2C%26%2332%3BA.+V.&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft.volume=350&rft.issue=6262&rft.pages=805%E2%80%93809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.aac5660&rft_id=info:pmid/26564853&rft.issn=0036-8075&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5263675"><cite id="CITEREFLister2004" class="citation cs2">Lister, Adrian M. (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264788794">„Ecological Interactions of Elephantids in Pleistocene Eurasia“</a>, <i>Human Paleoecology in the Levantine Corridor</i>, Oxbow Books, 53–60-bet, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-78570-965-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-78570-965-4"><bdi>978-1-78570-965-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, qaraldi: <span class="nowrap">2020-04-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Paleoecology+in+the+Levantine+Corridor&rft.atitle=Ecological+Interactions+of+Elephantids+in+Pleistocene+Eurasia&rft.pages=53-60&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-78570-965-4&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Adrian+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F264788794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%3AFil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Rogers, Rebekah L.; Slatkin, Montgomery (2017-03-02). Barsh, Gregory S.. ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5333797">"Excess of genomic defects in a woolly mammoth on Wrangel island"</a> (en). <i>PLOS Genetics</i> <b>13</b> (3): e1006601. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1006601">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006601</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-7404">1553-7404</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253255">28253255</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333797/?tool=pmcentrez">5333797</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5333797</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Excess+of+genomic+defects+in+a+woolly+mammoth+on+Wrangel+island&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Rebekah+L.&rft.au=Rogers%2C%26%2332%3BRebekah+L.&rft.au=Slatkin%2C%26%2332%3BMontgomery&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e1006601&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1006601&rft_id=info:pmid/28253255&rft.issn=1553-7404&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D5333797&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evolution-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-evolution_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Shoshani, J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12/page/480">"Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task"</a>. <i>Trends in Ecology and Evolution</i> <b>13</b> (12): 480–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2898%2901491-8">10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21238404">21238404</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12/page/480">https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12/page/480</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Understanding+proboscidean+evolution%3A+a+formidable+task&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.aulast=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=480%E2%80%93487&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2898%2901491-8&rft_id=info:pmid/21238404&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12%2Fpage%2F480&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukumar31-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar31_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sukumar, pp. 31–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Romano, Marco; Manucci, Fabio; Palombo, Maria Rita (2021-03-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2019.1617289">"The smallest of the largest: new volumetric body mass estimate and in-vivo restoration of the dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon ex gr. P. falconeri from Spinagallo Cave (Sicily)"</a> (en). <i>Historical Biology</i> <b>33</b> (3): 340–353. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F08912963.2019.1617289">10.1080/08912963.2019.1617289</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0891-2963">0891-2963</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2019.1617289">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2019.1617289</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+smallest+of+the+largest%3A+new+volumetric+body+mass+estimate+and+in-vivo+restoration+of+the+dwarf+elephant+Palaeoloxodon+ex+gr.+P.+falconeri+from+Spinagallo+Cave+%28Sicily%29&rft.jtitle=Historical+Biology&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=Romano%2C%26%2332%3BMarco&rft.au=Manucci%2C%26%2332%3BFabio&rft.au=Palombo%2C%26%2332%3BMaria+Rita&rft.date=2021-03-04&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=340%E2%80%93353&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F08912963.2019.1617289&rft.issn=0891-2963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F08912963.2019.1617289&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larramendi,_A._2015-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._2015_34-0">34,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._2015_34-1">34,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Larramendi, A. (2015). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans". <i>Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.00136.2014">10.4202/app.00136.2014</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shoulder+height%2C+body+mass+and+shape+of+proboscideans&rft.jtitle=Acta+Palaeontologica+Polonica&rft.aulast=Larramendi%2C+A.&rft.au=Larramendi%2C+A.&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info:doi/10.4202%2Fapp.00136.2014&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani42-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani42_35-0">35,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani42_35-1">35,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani42_35-2">35,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoshani, pp. 42–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani38-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani38_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoshani, pp. 38–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larramendi,_A._20152-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._20152_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Larramendi, A. (2015). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans". <i>Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.00136.2014">10.4202/app.00136.2014</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shoulder+height%2C+body+mass+and+shape+of+proboscideans&rft.jtitle=Acta+Palaeontologica+Polonica&rft.aulast=Larramendi%2C+A.&rft.au=Larramendi%2C+A.&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info:doi/10.4202%2Fapp.00136.2014&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani382-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani382_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoshani, pp. 38–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asian-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Asian_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Shoshani, J.; Eisenberg, J. F. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121940/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-182-01-0001.pdf">"<i>Elephas maximus</i>"</a>. <i>Mammalian Species</i> (182): 1–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3504045">10.2307/3504045</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-182-01-0001.pdf">the original</a> on 24 September 2015<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121940/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-182-01-0001.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121940/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-182-01-0001.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 27 October 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27%27Elephas+maximus%27%27&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+Species&rft.aulast=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Eisenberg%2C+J.+F.&rft.date=1982&rft.issue=182&rft.pages=1%E2%80%938&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F3504045&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150924121940%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.smith.edu%2Fmsi%2Fpdf%2Fi0076-3519-182-01-0001.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>Fil]]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani68-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani68_40-0">40,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani68_40-1">40,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoshani, pp. 68–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Somgrid, C.</i> <span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianelephantresearch.com/about-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p1.php#skeleton">„Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Skeletal system“</a></span>.  Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. 2012-yil 13-iyunda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120613191055/http://www.asianelephantresearch.com/about-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p1.php#skeleton">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 21-sentyabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingdon, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evolution2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-evolution2_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Shoshani, J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12/page/480">"Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task"</a>. <i>Trends in Ecology and Evolution</i> <b>13</b> (12): 480–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2898%2901491-8">10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21238404">21238404</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12/page/480">https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12/page/480</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Understanding+proboscidean+evolution%3A+a+formidable+task&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.aulast=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=480%E2%80%93487&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2898%2901491-8&rft_id=info:pmid/21238404&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12%2Fpage%2F480&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Mole, Michael A.; Rodrigues Dáraujo, Shaun; Van Aarde, Rudi J.; Mitchell, Duncan; Fuller, Andrea (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515162738/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00360-018-1170-5">"Savanna elephants maintain homeothermy under African heat"</a>. <i>Journal of Comparative Physiology B</i> <b>188</b> (5): 889–897. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00360-018-1170-5">10.1007/s00360-018-1170-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30008137">30008137</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00360-018-1170-5">the original</a> on 15 May 2021<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515162738/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00360-018-1170-5">https://web.archive.org/web/20210515162738/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00360-018-1170-5</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 14 May 2021</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Savanna+elephants+maintain+homeothermy+under+African+heat&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Physiology+B&rft.aulast=Mole&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft.au=Mole%2C%26%2332%3BMichael+A.&rft.au=Rodrigues+D%C3%A1raujo%2C%26%2332%3BShaun&rft.au=Van+Aarde%2C%26%2332%3BRudi+J.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C%26%2332%3BDuncan&rft.au=Fuller%2C%26%2332%3BAndrea&rft.date=2018&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=889%E2%80%93897&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00360-018-1170-5&rft_id=info:pmid/30008137&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210515162738%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs00360-018-1170-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fil"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>Fil]]</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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