中國上海大學科學家聲稱：已用量子電腦突破軍用級加密！

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url fn" rel="author">Chris</a> </span> </div> <ul class="post_meta"> <li class="post_date"> <span>2024/10/15</span> </li> <li> <a class="hero_slide_tag" href="https://www.inside.com.tw/tag/73-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B">中國</a> 、 <a class="hero_slide_tag" href="https://www.inside.com.tw/tag/1363-%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6">量子電腦</a> 、 <a class="hero_slide_tag" href="https://www.inside.com.tw/tag/4095-%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86">加密</a> </li> </ul> <div class="post_introduction"> 研究團隊攻擊的加密演算法有 Present、Gift-64 和 Rectangle 以及 AES-256，實驗中使用的 D-Wave Advantage 量子電腦，採用名為「量子退火」的演算法。 </div> <div class="post_toolbox post_toolbox-"> <div class="post_toolbox_action"> <a class="post_toolbox_item fb-share sharer" data-sharer="facebook" data-url="https://www.inside.com.tw/article/36480-chinese-scientists-use-quantum-computers-to-crack-military-grade-encryption-quantum-attack-poses-a-real-and-substantial-threat-to-rsa-and-aes"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a> <a class="post_toolbox_item twitter-share 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data-url="https://www.inside.com.tw/article/36480-chinese-scientists-use-quantum-computers-to-crack-military-grade-encryption-quantum-attack-poses-a-real-and-substantial-threat-to-rsa-and-aes"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a> <a class="post_toolbox_item twitter-share sharer" data-sharer="twitter" data-url="https://www.inside.com.tw/article/36480-chinese-scientists-use-quantum-computers-to-crack-military-grade-encryption-quantum-attack-poses-a-real-and-substantial-threat-to-rsa-and-aes"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="post_toolbox_item line-share sharer" data-sharer="line" data-url="https://www.inside.com.tw/article/36480-chinese-scientists-use-quantum-computers-to-crack-military-grade-encryption-quantum-attack-poses-a-real-and-substantial-threat-to-rsa-and-aes"><i class="fab fa-line"></i></a> </div> </div> <div id="article_content" data-article-id="36480" class="js-article-continue article-continue post_content_wrapper post-content-section "> <section class="js-article-content-body"> <p class="ck-section">最近<a href="http://cjc.ict.ac.cn/online/onlinepaper/wc-202458160402.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">中國上海大學的科學家宣布</a>成功運用<a href="https://www.inside.com.tw/article/32505-what-is-quantum-computer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">量子電腦</a>成功破解多種常見加密演算法，包括被視為「軍用級」加密技術的 AES-256！這很可能意味著量子電腦對現有資訊安全體系構成「真實且實質的威脅」。</p><p class="ck-section">上海大學研究團隊利用加拿大 D-Wave Systems 公司生產的量子電腦，首次成功攻擊了廣泛使用的加密方法。這項研究成果發表於學術期刊《計算機學報》，並被香港《南華早報》等媒體報導。</p><div class="ad-content" style="min-height:294px"><div class="tmgad tmgad-type-flux tmgad-new"> <script type="application/json">{"type":"flux","slot":"\/21870649235\/in_a_p2","size":[[640,360],[640,480],[300,250],[1,1]],"mapping":[[[1210,0],[[640,360],[640,480],[1,1]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[1,1]]]],"targeting":{"advertising":["0"],"cabinet":["734960"],"page_key":["article"],"page_name":["article"],"author_key":["chris"],"author_name":["Chris"],"category_key":["science"],"category_name":["\u79d1\u5b78"],"tag_key":["73","1363","4095"],"tag_name":["\u4e2d\u570b","\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166","\u52a0\u5bc6"]},"name":"in_a_p2"}</script> </div> </div><p class="ck-section">研究團隊攻擊的加密演算法包括 Present、Gift-64 和 Rectangle，這些演算法都屬於 SPN 結構。 SPN 結構是目前許多加密標準的核心組成部分，包括被廣泛應用於銀行、軍隊等關鍵領域的 AES（進階加密標準）。</p><p class="ck-section">實驗中使用的 D-Wave Advantage 量子電腦，採用名為「量子退火」的演算法，它的基本原理是試圖用量子力學原理來解決複雜的組合優化問題，讀者可以想像身處一個崎嶇不平的山谷，想要找到最低點，傳統方式是沿著山坡一步一步往下走。但量子退火則像是在這個山谷中創造出一個量子隧道，讓系統能夠直接穿過山壁，更快地找到谷底。</p><p class="ck-section">量子退火之所以能做到這點，是利用了量子系統的兩個獨特特性：疊加和纏結。疊加讓量子位元能同時處於 0 和 1 的狀態，可以同時探索無數條路徑。而纏結則讓量子位元之間產生關聯，使得整個系統的狀態變得更複雜，但也更具探索性。利用量子隧穿效應和量子疊加態，使系統能夠更容易跳出局部最優解，從中找到全局最優解。</p><p class="ck-section">上海大學研究團隊強調，目前研究仍處於初期階段，量子計算技術仍面臨諸多限制，單一攻擊演算法也無法破解所有加密系統。但這次成功嘗試，無疑為量子計算技術未來發展奠定了基礎。</p><div class="ad-content" style="min-height:294px"><div class="tmgad tmgad-type-general tmgad-new"> <script type="application/json">{"type":"general","slot":"\/21870649235\/in_a_p6_special","size":[[640,360],[640,480],[300,250],[320,480],[1,1]],"mapping":[[[1210,0],[[640,360],[640,480],[1,1]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[320,480],[1,1]]]],"targeting":{"advertising":["0"],"cabinet":["734960"],"page_key":["article"],"page_name":["article"],"author_key":["chris"],"author_name":["Chris"],"category_key":["science"],"category_name":["\u79d1\u5b78"],"tag_key":["73","1363","4095"],"tag_name":["\u4e2d\u570b","\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166","\u52a0\u5bc6"]},"name":"in_a_p6_special"}</script> </div> </div><p class="ck-section">專家指出，量子電腦的強大運算能力，使其能迅速解決傳統電腦難以處理的複雜問題，一旦大規模應用，將徹底改變現有資訊安全體系。傳統加密演算法的安全性建立在高度計算複雜度上，但量子電腦可以平行處理大量數據，運算速度遠超傳統電腦，未來可能在短時間內破解現有複雜加密體系。面對量子電腦帶來的威脅，各國已開始著手研發「量子安全加密」技術，試圖部署應對措施。例如，美國國家標準與技術研究院（NIST）已開始研發能夠抵抗量子電腦攻擊的加密技術。</p><p class="ck-section">核稿編輯：Mia</p><p class="ck-section" style="margin-left:auto;text-align:justify;"><strong>快加入 </strong><a href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMJWgjgswlI2hAw?ceid=TW:zh-Hant&oc=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>INSIDE Google News</strong></a><strong> 按下追蹤，給你最新、最 IN 的科技新聞！</strong></p><p class="ck-section" style="margin-left:auto;text-align:justify;"><strong>延伸閱讀：</strong></p><div class="ad-content" style="min-height:294px"><div class="tmgad tmgad-type-flux tmgad-new"> <script type="application/json">{"type":"flux","slot":"\/21870649235\/in_a_p10","size":[[640,360],[640,480],[300,250],[1,1]],"mapping":[[[1210,0],[[640,360],[640,480],[1,1]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[1,1]]]],"targeting":{"advertising":["0"],"cabinet":["734960"],"page_key":["article"],"page_name":["article"],"author_key":["chris"],"author_name":["Chris"],"category_key":["science"],"category_name":["\u79d1\u5b78"],"tag_key":["73","1363","4095"],"tag_name":["\u4e2d\u570b","\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166","\u52a0\u5bc6"]},"name":"in_a_p10"}</script> </div> </div><ul><li class="post_title"><a href="https://www.inside.com.tw/article/36139-taiwans-independently-developed-quantum-secure-chip-technology-makes-its-debut"><strong>台灣自主研發！量子安全晶片技術方案首次亮相</strong></a></li><li class="post_title"><a href="https://www.inside.com.tw/article/36025-superconductor-material"><strong>美國研發出新超導體材料，有望打造更穩定的量子電腦</strong></a></li><li class="post_title"><a 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