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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Baccalauréat général</i> (Pre-2019 reform)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Baccalauréat_général_(Pre-2019_reform)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <i>Baccalauréat général</i> (Pre-2019 reform) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_(Pre-2019_reform)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Littéraire_(L)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Littéraire_(L)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Baccalauréat général : série</i> <i>Littéraire</i> (L)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Littéraire_(L)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Scientifique_(S)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Scientifique_(S)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>Baccalauréat général : série</i> <i>Scientifique</i> (S)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Scientifique_(S)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Économique_et_Sociale_(ES)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Économique_et_Sociale_(ES)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>Baccalauréat général : série</i> <i>Économique et</i> <i>Sociale</i> (ES)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Économique_et_Sociale_(ES)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_(post-2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baccalauréat_général_(post-2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>Baccalauréat général</i> (post-2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baccalauréat_général_(post-2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baccalauréat_technologique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baccalauréat_technologique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Baccalauréat technologique</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baccalauréat_technologique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baccalauréat_professionnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baccalauréat_professionnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i>Baccalauréat professionnel</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baccalauréat_professionnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Format</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Format-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Format subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weighting_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weighting_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Weighting system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weighting_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_baccalauréat_français_international" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_baccalauréat_français_international"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><i>Le baccalauréat français international</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_baccalauréat_français_international-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Different_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Different_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Different languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Different_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passing_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passing_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Passing and honours</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Passing_and_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Passing and honours subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Passing_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_section" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_section"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>European section</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_section-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supplemental_examination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supplemental_examination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Supplemental examination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supplemental_examination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="باكالوغيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باكالوغيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelouriezh" title="Bachelouriezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bachelouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachillerato_(Francia)" title="Bachillerato (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bachillerato (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxoa" title="Baxoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baxoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at_en_France" title="Baccalauréat en France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baccalauréat en France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baccalauréat" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%B9%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%95%84" title="바칼로레아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바칼로레아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F" title="बैचलरिएट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बैचलरिएट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baccalauréat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturit%C3%A0_francese" title="Maturità francese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maturità francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaureaat_(Frankrijk)" title="Baccalaureaat (Frankrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baccalaureaat (Frankrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="バカロレア (フランス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バカロレア (フランス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Baccalauréat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baccalauréat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakalorya" title="Bakalorya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakalorya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BA_t%C3%A0i_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Tú tài Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tú tài Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9A%E5%A3%AB%E6%96%87%E5%87%AD" title="法国业士文凭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国业士文凭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q798022#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Special:EditPage/Baccalauréat">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Baccalaur%C3%A9at%22">"Baccalauréat"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Baccalaur%C3%A9at%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Baccalaur%C3%A9at%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Baccalaur%C3%A9at%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Baccalaur%C3%A9at%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Baccalaur%C3%A9at%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bac_diplome0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bac_diplome0001.jpg/220px-Bac_diplome0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bac_diplome0001.jpg/330px-Bac_diplome0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bac_diplome0001.jpg/440px-Bac_diplome0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat général</i></span>; it is issued by the <i>recteur d'académie</i> by delegation from the Minister of National Education.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>baccalauréat</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bakaloʁea]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">baccalaureate</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), often known in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> colloquially as the <i><b>bac</b></i>, is a French national academic qualification that students can obtain at the completion of their <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France" title="Secondary education in France">secondary education</a> (at the end of the <i>lycée</i>) by meeting certain requirements. Though it has only existed in its present form as a school-leaving examination since <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>'s implementation on March 17, 1808, its origins date back to the first medieval French universities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to French law, the baccalaureate is the first academic degree, though it grants the completion of secondary education.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the baccalaureate is administratively supervised by full professors at universities. </p><p>Similar academic qualifications exist elsewhere in Europe, variously known as <i><a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Matura#Italy" title="Matura">maturità</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baccalaureate" title="Spanish Baccalaureate">bachillerato</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Matura" title="Matura">maturita</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. There is also the <a href="/wiki/European_Baccalaureate" title="European Baccalaureate">European Baccalaureate</a>, which students take at the end of the <a href="/wiki/European_School" title="European School">European School</a> education. </p><p>In France, there are three main types of <i>baccalauréat</i>, which are very different and obtained in different places: the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat général</i></span> (general baccalaureate), the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat technologique</i></span> (technological baccalaureate), and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat professionnel</i></span> (professional baccalaureate). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much like the European <i><a href="/wiki/Matura" title="Matura">Matura</a></i> or English <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Level_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Level (UK)">A levels</a>, the <i>baccalauréat</i> allows French and international students to obtain a standardised qualification, typically at the age of 18 (end of the <i>lycée</i>). It qualifies holders to work in certain areas, go on to <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary education</a> (<i>universités</i>), or acquire some other professional qualification or training. Even though it is not legally required, the vast majority of students in their final year of secondary school take a final exam. </p><p>The word <i>bac</i> is also used to refer to one of the end-of-year exams that students must pass to get their <i>baccalauréat</i> diploma: the <i>bac de philo</i>, for example, is the philosophy exam, which all students must take, regardless of their field of study. </p><p>Within France, there are three main types of <i>baccalauréat</i> obtained in different places, and which are completely different: </p> <ul><li>the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat général</i></span> (general baccalaureate), specially made to enter university and continue studies;</li> <li>the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat technologique</i></span> (technological baccalaureate), specially made to work or continue short technical studies;</li> <li>the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat professionnel</i></span> (professional baccalaureate), specially made to enter professional life.</li></ul> <p>For entrance to regular universities within France, however, there are some restrictions as to the type of <i>baccalauréat</i> that can be presented. In some cases, it may be possible to enter a French university without the <i>bac</i> by taking a special exam, the "diploma for entrance to higher education". </p><p>Though most students take the <i>bac</i> at the end of secondary school, it is also possible to enter as a <i>candidat libre</i> (literally, "free candidate") without affiliation to a school. Students who did not take the <i>bac</i> upon completion of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> (or did not manage to pass it) and would like to attend university, or feel that the <i>bac</i> would help them accomplish professional aspirations, may exercise that option. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baccalauréat_général_(Pre-2019_reform)"><span id="Baccalaur.C3.A9at_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9ral_.28Pre-2019_reform.29"></span><i>Baccalauréat général</i> (Pre-2019 reform)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Baccalauréat général (Pre-2019 reform)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main purpose of the general baccalaureate is to access <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_universities_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of public universities in France">universities</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> to pursue higher academic education. It attests to an advanced level in general skills. It is obtained in a <i>Lycée général</i>. </p><p>Before 2021, students who would sit for the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat général</i></span> chose one of three streams (termed <i>séries</i>) in their penultimate <i><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée">lycée</a></i> year (S for Sciences; ES for Economics and Social sciences; and L for Literature). Each stream assigned different weights (<i>coefficients</i>) to each subject and resulted in a specialization. </p><p>The streams of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Baccalauréat général</i></span> before 2021 were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%">L <br /><i>Littéraire</i><br /> (Literature) </th> <th style="width:33%">S <br /><i>Scientifique</i><br /> (Sciences) </th> <th style="width:33%">ES <br /><i>sciences Économiques et Sociales</i><br /> (Economics and Social sciences) </th></tr> <tr> <td>The <i>bac L</i> (<i>bac littéraire</i>) weighs <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">foreign languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">arts</a> heavily. </td> <td>The sciences stream (<i>bac S</i> or <i>bac scientifique</i>) requires a high level in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> & <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> and, if available, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>. </td> <td>The <i>bac ES</i> (<i>bac économique et social</i>) requires a high level in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a>; and also in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> & <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Another terminology is sometimes used that pertains to the curriculum before 1994, which further divided two of the <i>séries</i>. Until then, it was possible to sit for a <i>bac C</i> or <i>D</i> (which comprise the current S), a <i>bac B</i> (currently ES), or a <i>bac</i> <i>A1</i>, <i>A2</i> or <i>A3</i> (which comprise the current L). People who passed the <i>baccalauréat</i> before the reform still use that terminology in referring their diploma. </p><p>The <i>baccalauréat</i> permits students to sit exams in over forty languages, including French regional languages such as <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsatian language">Alsatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Littéraire_(L)"><span id="Baccalaur.C3.A9at_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9ral_:_s.C3.A9rie_Litt.C3.A9raire_.28L.29"></span><i>Baccalauréat général : série</i> <i>Littéraire</i> (L)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Baccalauréat général : série Littéraire (L)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Students in the L stream prepare for careers in <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Public services">public service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>. They also have interests in the <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">arts</a>. The most important subjects in the literary stream are <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">Literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">Arts</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Languages</a>, usually English, German and Spanish. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:30em;">Subjects </th> <th>Weight </th> <th>Format of exam </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Anticipated subjects<sup>a</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>French Language & Literature </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>French Language & Literature </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>30 minutes of preparation plus 20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sciences (Physics, Chemistry and Biology)<br />(same school curricula as ES stream) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>1<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Travaux personnels encadrés</i> (TPE; Supervised Personal Work) </td> <td>2<sup>c</sup> </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>Ten minutes for each pupil (TPE is an exam generally prepared by groups of 3 pupils) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><i>Terminale</i> subjects </th></tr> <tr> <td>Philosophy </td> <td>7 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Literature </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>2 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>History & Geography <p>(same school curricula as ES stream) </p> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Foreign Language (LV1) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>3 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Foreign Language (LV2) <i>or</i> Regional Language (LVR) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>3 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical Education </td> <td>2 </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average </td></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign Literature in Foreign Language (LV1 <i>or</i> LV2) (LELE) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>10 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Specializations </th></tr> <tr> <td>Detailed LV1 <i>or</i> LV2 </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Foreign Language (Chinese, Italian, ...) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Law and Major Issues of the Contemporary World (DGEMC or <i>droit</i>) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin <i>or</i> Ancient Greek </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>3 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>3 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arts & Crafts <i>or</i> Cinema & Audiovisual Studies <i>or</i> Art History <i>or</i> Music <i>or</i> Theatre & Dramatic Expression <i>or</i> Dance </td> <td>6 </td> <td>Written and oral </td> <td>3½ hours and ½-hour </td></tr> <tr> <td>Supplementary Physical Education </td> <td>2 </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Optional subjects<sup>c</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign Language </td> <td rowspan="6">2<sup>b</sup> </td> <td>Oral or written (depending on the language) </td> <td>20 minutes or 2 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Regional Language </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>15 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ancient Greek </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>15 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical Education </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average or examination </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arts (can be Fine Art <i>or</i> Cinema & Audiovisual Studies) </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>30–40 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><div style="font-size:85%;"><sup>a</sup>Exams at the end of <i>première</i>. French is replaced by Philosophy and Literature in <i>terminale</i>.<br /> <p><sup>b</sup>Only points above 10 out of 20 (50%) are taken into consideration. Multiplied by two for first subject (except Latin and Greek, where the multiplier is three) and by one for the second subject.<br /> </p> <sup>c</sup>Two-subject maximum.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Scientifique_(S)"><span id="Baccalaur.C3.A9at_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9ral_:_s.C3.A9rie_Scientifique_.28S.29"></span><i>Baccalauréat général : série</i> <i>Scientifique</i> (S)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Baccalauréat général : série Scientifique (S)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The S stream prepares students for work in scientific fields such as <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a>. Science students must specialise in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer Science</a> or <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Earth</a> & <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Life Sciences</a>. Students in this stream must generally have a good result in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Earth</a> & <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Life Sciences</a> and, if available, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering Sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer Science</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Subjects </th> <th>Weight </th> <th>Format of exam </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Anticipated subjects<sup>a</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>French Language </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>French Language </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>30 minutes of preparation + 20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Travaux personnels encadrés</i> (TPE) </td> <td>2<sup>c</sup> </td> <td>Oral and written </td> <td>Students must choose a science-related subject. They need to sum it up into a file (generally around 30 pages) and present it to several professors who will then assign them an individual rating out of 20. Five minutes are allotted for each pupil. This exam is generally prepared by groups of 3 (or occasionally 4) students. They also have to write a 2-page essay about how they participated in the project. The student's grade is based on the documents they present, their oral presentation, and, where applicable, any practical, relevant experiences they may have gained. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><i>Terminale</i> subjects </th></tr> <tr> <td>History & Geography </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>3 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td>7 or 9 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics & Chemistry </td> <td>6 or 8 </td> <td>Written and laboratory </td> <td>3½ hours plus 1 hour </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earth & Life Sciences </td> <td>6 or 8 </td> <td rowspan="3">Written and laboratory </td> <td>3½ hours plus 1½ hour </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering Sciences</td> <td>>4 + 5</td> <td>8 hours (1 hour for electronics, 1 hour for mechanics, 4 hours for practical work and 2 hours for TPE or PPE) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biology-Ecology</td> <td>5 + 2</td> <td>3½ hours plus 1 hour </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Foreign Language (LV1) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>3 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Foreign Language (LV2) <i>or</i> Regional Language (LVR) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>2 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philosophy </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical Education </td> <td>2 </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Specializations </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics <i>or</i> Physics & Chemistry <i>or</i> Earth & Life Sciences <i>or</i> Computer Science </td> <td>2<sup>b</sup> </td> <td>Oral or laboratory (except for Mathematics) </td> <td>1 hour (20 minutes for Computer Science) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Supplementary Physical Education </td> <td>2 </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Optional subjects<sup>d</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign Language </td> <td rowspan="6">2<sup>c</sup> or 3<sup>c</sup> </td> <td>Oral or written (depending on the language) </td> <td>20 minutes or 2 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Regional Language </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>15 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ancient Greek </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>15 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical Education </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average or examination </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arts </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>30–40 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Langue Vivante Européenne</i> (European Foreign Language) : Advanced language + another class (such as History or Biology) in that language </td> <td>1° (+ special mention on the diploma) </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>40 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><div style="font-size:85%;"><sup>a</sup>Exam at the end of <i>première</i>. French is replaced by Philosophy in <i>terminale</i>. <p><br /><sup>b</sup>Added to general subject above, except for Computer Science. <br /><sup>c</sup>Only points above 10 out of 20 (50%) are taken into consideration. Multiplied by two for first subject (except Latin & Greek, where the multiplier is 3) and by one for the second subject. </p> <br /><sup>d</sup>Two-subject maximum.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baccalauréat_général_:_série_Économique_et_Sociale_(ES)"><span id="Baccalaur.C3.A9at_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9ral_:_s.C3.A9rie_.C3.89conomique_et_Sociale_.28ES.29"></span><i>Baccalauréat général : série</i> <i>Économique et</i> <i>Sociale</i> (ES)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Baccalauréat général : série Économique et Sociale (ES)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Students of the ES stream prepare for careers in <a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>. The main and important subjects of this stream are <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">Social Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> & <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:30em;">Subjects </th> <th>Weight </th> <th>Format of exam </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Anticipated subjects<sup>a</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>French Language </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>French Language </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>30 minutes of preparation plus 20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, <i>and</i> Biology)<br />(same school curricula as L stream) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>1½ hours </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Travaux personnels encadrés</i> (TPE) </td> <td>2<sup>c</sup> </td> <td>Oral and written </td> <td>Research all year long plus a report plus an oral of about 30 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><i>Terminale</i> subjects </th></tr> <tr> <td>History & Geography<br />(same school curricula as L stream) </td> <td>5 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td>5 or 7<sup>f</sup> </td> <td>Written </td> <td>3 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economics & Social Sciences </td> <td>7 or 9<sup>f</sup> </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours<sup>b</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Foreign Language (LV1) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Written and oral </td> <td>3 hours + 10 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Foreign Language (LV2) <i>or</i> Regional Language (LVR) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Written and oral </td> <td>2 hours + 10 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philosophy </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Written </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical Education </td> <td>2 </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Specializations </th></tr> <tr> <td>Detailed Economy (Health Economy, Demography, Competition Policy, Monopoly, Financial Regulation) <i>or</i> Applied Mathematics <i>or</i> Social Sciences & Politics (Democracy, Political Participation, Policy in European Union)<sup>g</sup> </td> <td>2<sup>c</sup> </td> <td>Written </td> <td>1 hour </td></tr> <tr> <td>Supplementary Physical Education </td> <td>2 </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Optional Subjects<sup>e</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign Language </td> <td rowspan="6">2<sup>d</sup> </td> <td>Oral or written (depending on the language) </td> <td>20 minutes or 2 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Regional Language </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>20 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>15 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ancient Greek </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>15 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical Education </td> <td colspan="2">Year-end average or examination </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arts </td> <td>Oral </td> <td>30–40 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><div style="font-size:85%;"><sup>a</sup> Exams at the end of <i>première</i>. French is replaced by Philosophy in <i>terminale</i>.<br /><sup>b</sup> The exam is 5 hours long for students in this specialization. An additional topic with a duration of 1 hour is distributed at the beginning of the test to all students who choose this specialization.<br /><sup>c</sup> Added to general subject above.<br /><sup>d</sup> Only points above 10 out of 20 (50%) are taken into consideration. Multiplied by two for first subject (except Latin & Greek, where the multiplier is three) and by one for the second subject.<br /><sup>e</sup> Two-subject maximum.<br /><sup>f</sup> The highest weight is applied to students who choose this specialization.<br /><sup>g</sup> The test of economy specialty is included in the compulsory economy test; it is the same for mathematics. The test of English specialty is not included in the compulsory English test.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baccalauréat_général_(post-2019)"><span id="Baccalaur.C3.A9at_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9ral_.28post-2019.29"></span><i>Baccalauréat général</i> (post-2019)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Baccalauréat général (post-2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2021, the S, ES and L streams of the general baccalaureate have been replaced by three specialty streams, taken during the penultimate year (Première), only two of which are kept in the final year (Terminale). There are 12 subjects specific to the three <i>spécialités</i> (majors, litt. "specialities") : <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> & <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economic</a> & <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> & <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>. These subjects are added to a set common to all : <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> & <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a>. A large part of the tests is now in continuous control but the students also have a final <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral</a> test. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><i>Spécialités</i> (majors) </th> <th>Weight (total 100) </th> <th>Format of exam </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <td>Arts </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>EPPCS (Physical education, sport practices and cultures) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HGGSP (History, geography, geopolitics and political sciences) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>HLP (Humanities, literature and philosophy) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>LLCER (Local and foreign languages, literature and cultures) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td>3 hours 30 minutes (written), 20 minutes (oral) </td></tr> <tr> <td>LLCA (Antique literature and cultures) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NSI (Digital and computer sciences) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics and chemistry </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SVT (Earth sciences) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SI (Engineering sciences) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SES (Economics and social sciences) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td>4 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biology and ecology </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baccalauréat_technologique"><span id="Baccalaur.C3.A9at_technologique"></span><i>Baccalauréat technologique</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Baccalauréat technologique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at_technologique" title="Baccalauréat technologique">Baccalauréat technologique</a></div><p>The technological baccalaureate is one of the three tracks of the French baccalaureate. It is obtained in a <i>Lycée technologique</i>. The teaching of the lessons is based on inductive reasoning and experimentation. It allows the student to work or to pursue short and technical studies (laboratory, design and applied arts, hotel and restaurant management, etc.). </p><p>It currently has eight sections : STMG (Sciences and Technologies of Management), ST2S (Sciences and Technologies of Healthcare), STI2D (Sciences and Technologies of Industry and Sustainable Development), STD2A (Sciences and Technologies of Design and Applied Art), STHR (Hospitality Industry and Business), STL (Science and Technologies of Laboratory), STAV (Science and Technologies of Agronomy and Living Organisms), S2TMD (Science and Technologies of Theatre, Music and Dance). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baccalauréat_professionnel"><span id="Baccalaur.C3.A9at_professionnel"></span><i>Baccalauréat professionnel</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Baccalauréat professionnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The professional baccalaureate allows rapid integration into working life. It is obtained in a <i>Lycée professionnel</i>. </p><p>The professional baccalaureate includes nearly 100 specialties like : leather crafts; building technician; maintenance of industrial equipment; cook; road freight transport driver; butcher; etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat général</i></span> examination takes place in the two last years of the <i>lycée</i>: <i>première</i> and <i>terminale</i>. From 2021 a large part of the tests is now in continuous control. </p><p>Most examinations are given in <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essay</a> form. The student is given a substantial block of time (depending on the exam, that is from two to five hours) to complete a multiple-page, well-argued paper. The number of pages varies from exam to exam but is usually substantial considering all answers have to be written down, explained and justified. <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> exams are problem sets but some science questions also require an essay-type answer. Foreign-language exams often have a short <a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">translation</a> section as well. The Mathematics and Earth & Life Sciences examinations may occasionally contain some <a href="/wiki/Multiple-choice_questions" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple-choice questions">multiple-choice questions</a> (<i>choix multiples</i>), but this is rare and, when it occurs, does not constitute the majority of the exam. </p><p>Students of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat général</i></span> also have to work on an oral <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">research</a> project (<i>travaux personnels encadrés</i> or TPE). It focuses on their specialties, under the supervision of a faculty member. The oral examination takes place in front of a jury of teachers. There are also several oral exams in languages; practical work in science or arts; or physical evaluation in sport. </p><p>When taken in mainland France, the <i>baccalauréat</i> material is the same for all students in a given stream. The secrecy surrounding the material is very tight, and the envelopes containing the exams are unsealed by a high-ranking school officer (usually a principal or vice-principal) in front of the examinees only a few minutes prior to the start of the examination. The procedure is the same for each subject, in each stream. Students usually have an identification number and an assigned seat. The number is written on all exam material and the name is hidden by folding and sealing the upper right-hand corner of the examination sheet(s). That way, anonymity is respected. The papers are usually marked by a member of the teaching staff in the same district or, at a larger scale, in the same <i>académie</i>. To avoid conflicts of interest, a teacher who has lectured to a student or group of students cannot grade that exam. Also, to ensure greater objectivity on the part of the examiners, the test is anonymous. The grader sees only an exam paper with a serial number, with all personally identifying material stripped away and forbidden from appearing, thus curbing any favoritism based upon sex, religion, national origin, or ethnicity. </p><p>Unlike the English <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSEs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_Grade" title="Standard Grade">Standard Grades</a> and the American <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a>, the French <i>baccalauréat</i> is not a completely standardised test. Since most answers, even for biology questions, are given in essay form, the grades may vary from grader to grader, especially in subjects like <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a>. </p><p>Students generally take the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French Language</a> & Literature exam at the end of <i>première</i> since that subject is not taught in <i>terminale</i>, where it is replaced with Philosophy. It also has an oral examination component, along with the written part. The oral exam covers works studied throughout <i>première</i>. However, in L, students do have a literature exam in <i>terminale</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weighting_system">Weighting system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Weighting system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each <i>baccalauréat</i> stream has its own set of subjects that each carry a different weighting (<i>coefficient</i>). That allows some subjects to be more important than others. For example, in the ES stream, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Social_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Science">Social Sciences</a> carries more weight than the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Sciences">natural sciences</a> and so the former is more important than the latter. Students usually study more for exams that carry heavier weightings since the grades that they obtain in these exams have a bigger impact on their overall grade. Whether or not one passes the <i>bac</i> and/or receives eventual honours is determined by the calculation of that overall grade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_baccalauréat_français_international"><span id="Le_baccalaur.C3.A9at_fran.C3.A7ais_international"></span><i>Le baccalauréat français international</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Le baccalauréat français international"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general baccalaureate offers several additional variants. The best-known subset is the <i>baccalauréat français international</i> (named <i>option internationale du baccalauréat</i>, OIB, until 2022). Sometimes translated as the "French international baccalaureate", it is unrelated to the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> (IB). </p><p>The OIB adds additional subjects to the French national exam. Students choose one of the L, ES or S streams. It differs, as students take a two-year syllabus in literature, history, and geography in a foreign language. That syllabus and the way that it is examined is modelled on the national exam of the target nation. For instance, the British Section (administered by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>) models the programmes on A-levels in English, History, and Geography. It is therefore necessary to be fully bilingual to complete this qualification. To date there are 16 different sections supporting 14 different languages: American, Arabic, British, (mainland) Chinese, Danish, Dutch, German, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Brazilian, Russian, Spanish and Swedish.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of <i>terminale</i>, OIB students have extra exams in Literature and History/Geography, with a written and oral component to both exams, and since 2024 an oral on a free project linked to the country of the section, known as <i>Connaissance du monde</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These exams have a high weighting in the final mark of the baccalaureate and do not give extra points to OIB students. Overall, these students work more (up to an additional 10 hours per week of classes, with a significant amount of required reading and homework attached as well) than the other general baccalaureate students, and many of them tend to go to foreign universities. University admissions tutors often consider reducing the entrance requirements for students taking the OIB compared with those taking the standard French baccalaureate to reflect the additional demands of the OIB.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the students that attend these schools make up a fairly small demographic, they tend to be spread over a far larger area than would traditionally be expected of a normal <i>lycée</i> or secondary school. As a consequence, many of these students must commute long distances, with one-hour trips each way being fairly common. The long commutes, longer days, and increased workload that come with the OIB place great demands on students; many cannot handle the workload and transfer to schools offering the standard French baccalaureate. Thus, many consider the OIB qualification to be highly challenging and a sign, not only of academic prowess, but also of tenacity and hard work.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Different_languages">Different languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Different languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To test their foreign or regional language students can choose among these different languages (though not at all schools): the foreign languages <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian language">Cambodian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>; and the regional languages <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsican_language" title="Corsican language">Corsican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvergnat_(dialect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvergnat (dialect)">Auvergnat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limousin_(dialect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Limousin (dialect)">Limousin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" class="mw-redirect" title="Niçard">Niçard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vivaro-Alpine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaro-Alpine">Vivaro-Alpine</a>, regional languages of <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, regional languages of <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesian_languages" title="Melanesian languages">Melanesian languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian language">Cambodian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laotian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian language">Laotian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fulani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reforms">Reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, the general baccalaureate underwent a reformation. Since November 2017, an initiative spearheaded by minister Jean-Michel Blanquer has united numerous actors from the field of education to reinvent this system to have less exams (now only four) in conjunction with a large oral examination. The old streams (S, ES and L) equally disappeared and, rather than being entirely decided by final examinations, 40% of the student's final grade will consist of demonstrated success over the course of the school year.   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passing_and_honours">Passing and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Passing and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pass mark is 10 out of 20. The 2014 success rate for the <i>baccalauréat</i> in mainland France was 87.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the <i>baccalauréat</i>, four levels of honours are given:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A mark between 12 and 13.99 will earn a <i>mention assez bien</i> (honours, lit. "fairly good");</li> <li>A mark between 14 and 15.99 will earn a <i>mention bien</i> (high honours, lit. "good");</li> <li>A mark between 16 and 17.99 will earn a <i>mention très bien</i> (very high honours, lit. "very good");</li> <li>A mark of 18 and above will earn the <i>félicitations du jury</i> (highest honors, lit. “congratulations from the [examination] jury”).</li></ul> <p>Honours are prestigious but not crucial, as admissions to the <i>classes préparatoires</i> (preparatory classes), which prepare students for the <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%A9cole" title="Grande école">grande école</a> examinations, are decided months before the examination. </p><p>French educators seldom use the entire grading scale. The same applies when marking the <i>baccalauréat</i>. Therefore, students are very unlikely to get a 20 out of 20 or more (it is actually possible to get more than 20 because of options like Arts, Music, Latin, etc.). It is also very rare to see scores lower than 5. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Grade_inflation" title="Grade inflation">Grade inflation</a> has become a concern. Between 2005 and 2016, the proportion of students who received an honour in the general baccalaureate doubled.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_section">European section</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: European section"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A European section is an option in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high schools</a> to teach a subject through a <a href="/wiki/European_language" class="mw-redirect" title="European language">European language</a> other than French. It also gives pupils the opportunity of having more hours in the language studied. It is also an opportunity to learn more about the culture of the country of which the language is being spoken. For example, if learning History in Spanish, the history of Spain and that of Central and South America would be emphasized. Teachers present their lessons in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. </p><p>At the end, students can receive a "European section" mention on their <i><a href="/wiki/Baccalaureat" class="mw-redirect" title="Baccalaureat">baccalaureat</a></i>. To have that mention, they need to get at least 12/20 on their language examination and at least 10/20 at an additional oral examination on the subject in the language. </p><p>For example, those who choose History in Spanish as an additional subject would take their Spanish examination like the rest of their classmates, who do not have History in Spanish, and get at least 12/20. They then have to pass an oral examination on history in Spanish and get at least 10/20. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supplemental_examination">Supplemental examination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Supplemental examination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A student who averages between 8 and 10 is permitted to sit for the <i>épreuve de rattrapage</i> (also called the <i>second groupe</i>), a supplemental oral examination is given in two subjects of the student's choice. A student who does well enough in those examinations to raise the overall weighted grade to a 10 gets the <i>baccalauréat</i>. A student who does poorly in the orals and receives below a 10 may choose to repeat the final year of lycée (<i>terminale</i>). </p><p>Students may not redo the entire examination in September; the September examinations may be taken only by those who have not been able to take the June examinations for serious reasons (such as illness). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/28px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/42px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/56px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_grading_in_France" title="Academic grading in France">Academic grading in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">Education in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at_technologique" title="Baccalauréat technologique">Baccalauréat technologique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Baccalaureate" title="European Baccalaureate">European Baccalaureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-German_Baccalaureate" class="mw-redirect" title="French-German Baccalaureate">French-German Baccalaureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laure-Gatet_High_School" title="Laure-Gatet High School">Laure-Gatet High School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>The formula was taken from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.claudel.org">Lycée Claudel website</a>, a French <i>lycée</i> in Ottawa, Canada, and might only be accurate for Canadian—or even Ontarian—percentage grades. In Ontario, an 80% grade is an "A" on the American Scale and the student is awarded an Ontario Scholar Diploma. A 90% grade is an A+ on the American Scale, is considered a grade with honours, and automatically qualifies the student for government-funded scholarships and bursaries. The formula should be used for comparison only.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.fr/rap/r07-370/r07-3701.html">"A quoi sert le baccalauréat ?"</a>. <i>www.senat.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senat.fr&rft.atitle=A+quoi+sert+le+baccalaur%C3%A9at+%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.fr%2Frap%2Fr07-370%2Fr07-3701.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaccalaur%C3%A9at" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006527113/2022-06-16">"Article D334-1 - Code de l'éducation - Légifrance"</a>. <i>www.legifrance.gouv.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legifrance.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Article+D334-1+-+Code+de+l%27%C3%A9ducation+-+L%C3%A9gifrance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Fcodes%2Farticle_lc%2FLEGIARTI000006527113%2F2022-06-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaccalaur%C3%A9at" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.education.gouv.fr/l-option-internationale-du-baccalaureat-oib-5960">"les sections Internationales au lycée"</a> Education.gouv.fr Retrieved 2021-08-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eduscol.education.fr/3043/baccalaureat-francais-international-bfi">"Le baccalauréat français international (BFI)"</a> Education.gouv.fr Retrieved 2021-08-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsgi.co.uk/articles/curricula-and-exams/oib-option-internationale-du-baccalaureat">"OIB: The Option Internationale du Baccalauréat Explained"</a>. <i>The Good Schools Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Good+Schools+Guide&rft.atitle=OIB%3A+The+Option+Internationale+du+Baccalaur%C3%A9at+Explained&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsgi.co.uk%2Farticles%2Fcurricula-and-exams%2Foib-option-internationale-du-baccalaureat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaccalaur%C3%A9at" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.gouv.fr/bo/2003/30/MENE0301542N.htm">"Bulletin officiel n°30 du 24 juillet 2003 - M.J.E.N.R"</a>. Education.gouv.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulletin+officiel+n%C2%B030+du+24+juillet+2003+-+M.J.E.N.R&rft.pub=Education.gouv.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.gouv.fr%2Fbo%2F2003%2F30%2FMENE0301542N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaccalaur%C3%A9at" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.education.gouv.fr/file/2008/69/0/NI_provisoire_BAC2008_31690.pdf">"NI du bac.vp"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NI+du+bac.vp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.education.gouv.fr%2Ffile%2F2008%2F69%2F0%2FNI_provisoire_BAC2008_31690.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaccalaur%C3%A9at" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admis-examen.fr/bac/mentions-examen-du-bac">"Les mentions au BAC"</a>. <i>Admis-Examen</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Admis-Examen&rft.atitle=Les+mentions+au+BAC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admis-examen.fr%2Fbac%2Fmentions-examen-du-bac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaccalaur%C3%A9at" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2017/07/05/what-is-the-bac">"What is the bac?"</a>. <i>Euronews</i>. 5 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=What+is+the+bac%3F&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2017%2F07%2F05%2Fwhat-is-the-bac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaccalaur%C3%A9at" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.gouv.fr/">French Ministry of Education website</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sayare, Scott. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/28/world/europe/a-rite-of-passage-for-french-students-receives-a-poor-grade.html?src=me&ref=general&_r=2&">Rite of Passage for French Students Receives Poor Grade</a>." (Print title: "A Rite of Passage for French Students Receives a Poor Grade") <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Published online on June 27, 2013. Published in print on June 28, 2013, p. A11, New York edition.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baccalaur%C3%A9at" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baccalauréat">Baccalauréat</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080911055541/http://www.mrs.umn.edu/academic/french/Grade%20Conversion%20Scales.pdf">Grade Equivalency Chart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/oibrevision/home">OIB Revision Site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Undergraduate_admission_tests_to_colleges_and_universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Undergraduate_admission_tests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Undergraduate admission tests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Undergraduate_admission_tests_to_colleges_and_universities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_admission_tests_to_colleges_and_universities" title="List of admission tests to colleges and universities">Undergraduate admission tests to colleges and universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matriculation_in_South_Africa" title="Matriculation in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Baccalaureate" title="Tunisian Baccalaureate">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Vestibular" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestibular">Vestibular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exame_Nacional_do_Ensino_M%C3%A9dio" title="Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio">ENEM</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Diploma_Exam" title="Alberta Diploma Exam">Alberta Diploma Exam</a></li> <li>Caribbean: <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Advanced_Proficiency_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination">CAPE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Secondary_Education_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate">CSEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/A-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Level">A-Level</a>, <a href="/wiki/GCE_Ordinary_Level" title="GCE Ordinary Level">O-Level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prueba_de_Selecci%C3%B3n_Universitaria" title="Prueba de Selección Universitaria">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICFES_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="ICFES Examination">Colombia</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">ACT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classic_Learning_Test" title="Classic Learning Test">CLT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Tertiary_Admissions_Test" title="Special Tertiary Admissions Test">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Higher_Education_Entrance_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="National Higher Education Entrance Examination">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Diploma_of_Secondary_Education" title="Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9B%9B%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6" class="extiw" title="zh:澳門四高校聯合入學考試">Macau</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Common_University_Entrance_Test" title="Common University Entrance Test">CUET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Entrance_Examination" title="Joint Entrance Examination">JEE</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Eligibility_cum_Entrance_Test_(Undergraduate)" title="National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)">NEET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_Law_Admission_Test" title="Common Law Admission Test">CLAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleksi_Nasional_Berdasarkan_Tes" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_University_Entrance_Exam" title="Iranian University Entrance Exam">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometric_Entrance_Test" title="Psychometric Entrance Test">Israel</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/National_Center_Test_for_University_Admissions" title="National Center Test for University Admissions">NCTUA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Examination_for_Japanese_University_Admission" title="Examination for Japanese University Admission">EJU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sijil_Tinggi_Persekolahan_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Entrance_Examination" title="University Entrance Examination">Myanmar</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_Admission_Test" title="University of the Philippines College Admission Test">UPCAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_the_Philippines_College_Entrance_Test" title="Polytechnic University of the Philippines College Entrance Test">PUPCET</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Singapore-Cambridge_GCE_Ordinary_Level" title="Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level">GCE-O</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore-Cambridge_GCE_Advanced_Level" title="Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level">GCE-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Scholastic_Ability_Test" title="College Scholastic Ability Test">South Korea</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/General_Scholastic_Ability_Test" title="General Scholastic Ability Test">GSAT</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%B8%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%A7%91%E7%9B%AE%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6" class="extiw" title="zh:大學入學指定科目考試">AST</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/Universities_and_Colleges_Selection_Examination" title="Universities and Colleges Selection Examination">TSĐHCĐ</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_High_School_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="National High School Examination">THPTQG</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_School_Graduation_Examination" title="High School Graduation Examination">TNTHPT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(Denmark)" title="Gymnasium (Denmark)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriculation_exam_(Finland)" title="Matriculation exam (Finland)">Finland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BAdentspr%C3%B3f" title="Stúdentspróf">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Certificate_(Ireland)" title="Leaving Certificate (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eindexamen" title="Eindexamen">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exames_Nacionais_do_Ensino_Secund%C3%A1rio" title="Exames Nacionais do Ensino Secundário">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Baccalaureate" title="Romanian Baccalaureate">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_State_Exam" title="Unified State Exam">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectividad" title="Selectividad">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Scholastic_Aptitude_Test" title="Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Selection_and_Placement_System" title="Student Selection and Placement System">Turkey</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="uk:Державна підсумкова атестація">SFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/External_independent_evaluation" title="External independent evaluation">EIE</a>, <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Єдиний вступний іспит">UEE</a>, <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="uk:Єдине фахове вступне випробування">UPEE</a>, <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Єдиний державний кваліфікаційний іспит">USQE</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)">A-Level</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higher_(Scottish)" title="Higher (Scottish)">Higher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd 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