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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-The_nature_of_Barbēlō" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_nature_of_Barbēlō"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>The nature of Barbēlō</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_nature_of_Barbēlō-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The nature of Barbēlō subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_nature_of_Barbēlō-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nag_Hammadi_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nag_Hammadi_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nag Hammadi Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nag_Hammadi_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pistis_Sophia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pistis_Sophia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pistis Sophia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pistis_Sophia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_patristic_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_patristic_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>In patristic texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_patristic_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A8%EB%A1%9C" title="바르벨로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바르벨로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbelo" title="Barbelo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barbelo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC" title="バルベーロー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルベーロー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbelo" title="Barbelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barbelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Барбело – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Барбело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbelo" title="Barbelo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Barbelo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbelo" title="Barbelo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Barbelo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19921036#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barbelo" title="View the content 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First emanation of God in some Gnostic cosmogony</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:92%;"><span style="padding-left:2.25em;"> </span> <div style="font-size:120%;line-height:1.2em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Gnosticism" title="Category:Gnosticism">a series</a> on</span><br /><span style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraxas_gem_scan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Abraxas_gem_scan.svg/100px-Abraxas_gem_scan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Abraxas_gem_scan.svg/150px-Abraxas_gem_scan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Abraxas_gem_scan.svg/200px-Abraxas_gem_scan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Gnostic concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_kasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam kasia">Adam kasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_pagria" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam pagria">Adam pagria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Gnosticism)" title="Aeon (Gnosticism)">Aeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_mundi" title="Anima mundi">Anima mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archon_(Gnosticism)" title="Archon (Gnosticism)">Archon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barbelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Seals" title="Five Seals">Five Seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenoma" title="Kenoma">Kenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminary_(Gnosticism)" title="Luminary (Gnosticism)">Luminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_(Mandaeism)" title="Manda (Mandaeism)">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monad_(Gnosticism)" title="Monad (Gnosticism)">Monad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Gnosticism)" title="Ogdoad (Gnosticism)">Ogdoad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleroma" title="Pleroma">Pleroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_(Gnosticism)" title="Sophia (Gnosticism)">Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaldabaoth" title="Yaldabaoth">Yaldabaoth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gnostic_sects" title="List of Gnostic sects">Gnostic sects</a> and founders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gnostic_sects" title="List of Gnostic sects">List of Gnostic sects</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Proto-Gnosticism" title="Proto-Gnosticism">Proto-Gnosticism</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magh%C4%81riya" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghāriya">Maghāriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasines" title="Thomasines">Thomasines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Judean / Israelite</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Elksai <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elkasaites" class="mw-redirect" title="Elkasaites">Elkasaites</a></li></ul></li> <li>Samaritan Baptist <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dositheos_(Samaritan)" title="Dositheos (Samaritan)">Dositheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simonians" title="Simonians">Simonians</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_(gnostic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menander (gnostic)">Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quqites" title="Quqites">Quqites</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Christian Gnosticism</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apelles_(gnostic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apelles (gnostic)">Apelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerinthus" title="Cerinthus">Cerinthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_(gnostic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Justin (gnostic)">Justin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope" title="Marcion of Sinope">Marcion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaism" title="Nicolaism">Nicolaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perates" title="Perates">Perates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturninus_of_Antioch" title="Saturninus of Antioch">Saturninus</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Syrian-Egyptian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophites" title="Ophites">Ophites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sethianism" title="Sethianism">Sethianism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Alexandrian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilides" title="Basilides">Basilides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilideans" title="Basilideans">Basilideans</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Roman</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valentinus_(Gnostic)" title="Valentinus (Gnostic)">Valentinus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valentinianism" title="Valentinianism">Valentinianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(Marcosian)" title="Marcus (Marcosian)">Marcus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcosians" title="Marcosians">Marcosians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florinus_(Gnostic)" title="Florinus (Gnostic)">Florinus</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Persian Gnosticism</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Chinese Gnosticism</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Islamic Gnosticism</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusayrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusayrism">Nusayrism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Modern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism_in_modern_times" title="Gnosticism in modern times">Modern schools</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gnostic_texts" title="List of Gnostic texts">Scriptures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gnostic_texts" title="List of Gnostic texts">List of Gnostic texts</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Texts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Abdias" title="Pseudo-Abdias">Pseudo-Abdias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_literature" title="Clementine literature">Clementine literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism_and_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnosticism and the New Testament">Gnosticism and the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mandaean_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mandaean texts">Mandaean scriptures</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">Codices</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Tchacos" title="Codex Tchacos">Codex Tchacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Mani-Codex" title="Cologne Mani-Codex">Cologne Mani-Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askew_Codex" title="Askew Codex">Askew Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Codex" title="Bruce Codex">Bruce Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Codex" title="Berlin Codex">Berlin Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Codex Nasaraeus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Influenced by</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism#Relation_with_early_Christianity" title="Gnosticism">Early Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism#Paul_and_Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Paul and Gnosticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkabah_mysticism" title="Merkabah mysticism">Merkabah mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Platonism" title="Middle Platonism">Middle Platonism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_(personification)" title="Wisdom (personification)">Wisdom (personification)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Influence on</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_theosophy" title="Christian theosophy">Christian theosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism_in_modern_times" title="Gnosticism in modern times">Gnosticism in modern times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Gnosticism" title="Neoplatonism and Gnosticism">Neoplatonism and Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial_philosophy" title="Perennial philosophy">Perennial philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy (Blavatskian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gnosticism" title="Template:Gnosticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gnosticism" title="Template talk:Gnosticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gnosticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gnosticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Barbēlō</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a>: Βαρβηλώ)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refers to the first <a href="/wiki/Emanationism" title="Emanationism">emanation</a> of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> in several forms of <a href="/wiki/Gnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostic">Gnostic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cosmogony" title="Cosmogony">cosmogony</a>. Barbēlō is often depicted as a supreme female principle, the single passive antecedent of creation in its manifold. This figure is also variously referred to as 'Mother-Father' (hinting at her apparent <a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">androgyny</a>), 'The Triple Androgynous Name', or 'Eternal <a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Gnosticism)" title="Aeon (Gnosticism)">Aeon</a>'. So prominent was her place amongst some Gnostics that some schools were designated as <i>Barbeliotae</i>, Barbēlō worshippers or Barbēlō gnostics. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_nature_of_Barbēlō"><span id="The_nature_of_Barb.C4.93l.C5.8D"></span>The nature of Barbēlō</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The nature of Barbēlō"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nag_Hammadi_Library">Nag Hammadi Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nag Hammadi Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a></i>, a tractate in the <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag Hammadi Library">Nag Hammadi Library</a> containing the most extensive recounting of the Sethian creation myth, the Barbēlō is described as "the first power, the glory, Barbēlō, the perfect glory in the aeons, the glory of the revelation". All subsequent acts of creation within the divine sphere (save, crucially, that of the lowest aeon <a href="/wiki/Sophia_(Gnosticism)" title="Sophia (Gnosticism)">Sophia</a>) occurs through her coaction with God. The text describes her thus: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This is the first thought, his image; she became the womb of everything, for it is she who is prior to them all, the Mother-Father (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Kadmon#Gnosticism" title="Adam Kadmon">Anthropos</a>), the holy Spirit, the thrice-male, the thrice-powerful, the thrice-named androgynous one, and the eternal aeon among the invisible ones, and the first to come forth.</p></blockquote> <p>Barbēlō is found in other Nag Hammadi writings: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allogenes" title="Allogenes">Allogenes</a></i> makes reference to a Double Powerful Invisible Spirit, a masculine female virgin, who is the Barbēlō.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Gospel_of_the_Egyptians" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians">The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit</a></i> refers to a divine emanation called 'Mother', who is also identified as the Barbēlō.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marsanes" title="Marsanes">Marsanes</a></i>—several places.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek_(text)" title="Melchizedek (text)">Melchizedek</a></i>—twice, the second time in a prayer of Melchizedek: "Holy are you, Holy are you, Holy are you, Mother of the aeons, Barbelo, for ever and ever, Amen."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Steles_of_Seth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Three Steles of Seth">The Three Steles of Seth</a></i> offers a description of "the first aeon, male virginal Barbelo, the first glory of the invisible Father, she who is called 'perfect'."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trimorphic_Protennoia" title="Trimorphic Protennoia">Trimorphic Protennoia</a></i> ('First Thought in Three Forms'), even in the first person: "He perpetuated the Father of all Aeons, who am I, the Thought of the Father, Protennoia, that is, Barbelo, the perfect Glory, and the immeasurable Invisible One who is hidden. I am the Image of the Invisible Spirit, and it is through me that the All took shape, and (I am) the Mother (as well as) the Light which she appointed as Virgin, she who is called 'Meirothea', the incomprehensible Womb, the unrestrainable and immeasurable Voice."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zostrianos" title="Zostrianos">Zostrianos</a></i>—the aeon Barbēlō is referred to in many places.</li></ul> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Zostrianos" title="Zostrianos">Zostrianos</a></i>, Barbelo has three sublevels or subaeons that represent three distinct phases:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kalyptos" title="Kalyptos">Kalyptos</a> ("Hidden One"), the first and highest subaeon within the Aeon of Barbelo, representing the initial latency or potential existence of the Aeon of Barbelo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protophanes" title="Protophanes">Protophanes</a> ("First Appearing One"), the second highest subaeon, is called a great perfect male Mind and represents the initial manifestation of the Barbelo Aeon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogenes" title="Autogenes">Autogenes</a> ("Self-Generated"), the self-generated actualization of the Barbelo Aeon, is the lowest of the three subaeons.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pistis_Sophia">Pistis Sophia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pistis Sophia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Pistis_Sophia" title="Pistis Sophia">Pistis Sophia</a></i> Barbēlō is named often, but her place is not clearly defined. She is one of the gods (p. 359), "a great power of the Invisible God" (373), joined with Him and the three "Thrice-powerful deities" (379), the mother of Pistis Sophia (361) and of other beings (49); from her Jesus received His "garment of light" or heavenly body (13, 128; cf. 116, 121); the earth apparently is the "matter of Barbēlō" (128) or the "place of Barbēlō" (373). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_patristic_texts">In patristic texts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In patristic texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She is obscurely described by <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> as "a never-aging aeon in a virginal spirit", to whom, according to certain "Gnostici", the Innominable Father wished to manifest Himself, and who, when four successive beings, whose names express thought and life, had come forth from Him, was quickened with joy at the sight, and herself gave birth to three (or four) other like beings. </p><p>She is noticed in several neighbouring passages of <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius</a>, who in part must be following the Compendium of <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus</a>, as is shown by comparison with <a href="/wiki/Philastrius" title="Philastrius">Philaster</a> (c. 33), but also speaks from personal knowledge of the Ophitic sects specially called "Gnostici" (i. 100 f.). The first passage is in the article on the <a href="/wiki/Nicolaitans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaitans">Nicolaitans</a> (i. 77 f.), but is apparently an anticipatory reference to their alleged descendants the "Gnostici" (77 A; Philast.). According to their view Barbēlō lives "above in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_heavens" title="Seven heavens">eighth heaven</a>"; she had been 'put forth' (προβεβλῆσθαι) "of the Father"; she was mother of <a href="/wiki/Yaldabaoth" title="Yaldabaoth">Yaldabaoth</a> (some said, of <a href="/wiki/Sabaoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaoth">Sabaoth</a>), who insolently took possession of the seventh heaven, and proclaimed himself to be the only God; and when she heard this word she lamented. She was always appearing to the <a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">Archons</a> in a beautiful form, that by beguiling them she might gather up her own scattered power. </p><p>Others, Epiphanius further seems to say (78 f.), told a similar tale of <a href="/wiki/Sophia_(Gnosticism)#Prunikos" title="Sophia (Gnosticism)">Prunikos</a>, substituting Caulacau for Yaldabaoth. In his next article, on the "Gnostici", or <a href="/wiki/Borborites" title="Borborites">Borborites</a> (83 C D), the idea of the recovery of the scattered powers of Barbēlō recurs as set forth in an apocryphal Book of <a href="/wiki/Norea" title="Norea">Noria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>'s legendary wife. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For Noah was obedient to the archon, they say, but Noria revealed the powers on high and Barbelo, the scion of the powers—the opposite of the archon, as the other powers are. And she intimated that what has been taken from the Mother on High by the archon who made the world, and others with him—gods, demons, and angels—must be gathered from the power in the bodies, through the male and female emissions.</p></blockquote> <p>In both places Epiphanius represents the doctrine as giving rise to sexual libertinism. <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a> has compared these Borborite beliefs and practices involving Barbēlō to <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantric</a> <a href="/wiki/Tantra#Sexual_rites" title="Tantra">rituals</a> and beliefs, noting that both systems have a common goal of attaining <a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">primordial spiritual unity</a> through <a href="/wiki/Eroticism" title="Eroticism">erotic</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bliss" class="extiw" title="wikt:Bliss">bliss</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ganachakra" title="Ganachakra">consumption</a> of <a href="/wiki/Menses" class="mw-redirect" title="Menses">menses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semen" title="Semen">semen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEliade1978109–112_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliade1978109–112-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a third passage (91 f.), enumerating the Archons said to have their seat in each heaven, Epiphanius mentions as the inhabitants of the eighth or highest heaven "her who is called Barbēlō", and the self-gendered Father and Lord of all things, and the virgin-born (αὐτολόχευτον) <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> (evidently as her son, for according to Irenaeus her first progeny, "the Light", was called Christ); and similarly he tells how the ascent of souls through the different heavens terminated in the upper region, "where Barbērō or Barbēlō is, the Mother of the Living" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%203:20&version=nrsv">Genesis 3:20</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a> (<i>H. F.</i> f. 13) merely paraphrases Irenaeus, with a few words from Epiphanius. <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> several times includes <i>Barbēlō</i> in lists of portentous names current in Spanish heresy, that is, among <a href="/wiki/Priscillianists" class="mw-redirect" title="Priscillianists">Priscillianists</a>; <i>Balsamus</i> and <i>Leusibora</i> being three times associated with it (<i>Ep.</i> 75 c. 3, p. 453 c. Vall.; c. <i>Vigil.</i> p. 393 A; <i>in Esai</i>. lxvi. 4 p. 361 c; in <i>Amos</i> iii. 9 p. 257 E). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Gnostic accounts of God, the notions of impenetrability, stasis and ineffability are of central importance. The emanation of Barbēlō may be said to function as an intermediary generative aspect of the Divine, or as an abstraction of the generative aspect of the Divine through its Fullness. The most transcendent hidden invisible Spirit is not depicted as actively participating in creation. This significance is reflected both in her apparent androgyny (reinforced by several of her given epithets), and in the name <i>Barbēlō</i> itself. Several plausible etymologies of the name (Βαρβηλώ, Βαρβηρώ, Βαρβηλώθ) have been proposed. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Wigan_Harvey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wigan Harvey">William Wigan Harvey</a> (on Irenaeus), and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adelbert_Lipsius" title="Richard Adelbert Lipsius">Richard Adelbert Lipsius</a> (<i>Gnosticismus</i>, p. 115; <i>Ophit. Syst</i>. in Hilgenfeld's <i>Zeitschrift</i> for 1863, p. 445) have proposed <i>Barba-Elo</i>, 'The Deity-in Four', with reference to the <a href="/wiki/Tetrad_(Greek_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrad (Greek philosophy)">tetrad</a>, which by the report of Irenaeus proceeds from her. Her relation to this tetrad bears however no true analogy to the <i><a href="/wiki/Colarbasians" title="Colarbasians">Col-Arba</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Marcosians" title="Marcosians">Marcus</a>; it forms only the earliest group of her progeny; and it is mentioned but once.</li> <li>'The supreme Limit,' <i>paravela</i>, from the Indian <i>vela</i>, 'limit'—a suggestion made by Julius Grill (<i>Untersuchungen über die Entstehung des vierten Evangeliums</i>, Tübingen, 1902, pp. 396–397), who connects it with the Valentinian <i>Horos</i>, the Barbēlō being called 'the supreme limit' in relation to the <i>Patēr akatonomastos</i> on the one side and to the lower syzygies on the other.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bousset" title="Wilhelm Bousset">Wilhelm Bousset</a> (<i>Hauptprobleme der Gnosis</i>, Göttingen, 1907, p. 14 f.) suggests that the word is a mutilation of <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:παρθένος">parthenos</a></i>—the intermediate form, <i>Barthenōs</i>, actually occurring in Epiphanius (<i>Haer</i>. xxvi. 1) as the name of Noah's wife.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenton_John_Anthony_Hort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenton John Anthony Hort">Fenton John Anthony Hort</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Christian_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of Christian Biography">DCB</a></i> i. 235, 249) states that the "root <i>balbel</i> much used in the <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targums</a> (Buxtorf, <i>Lex, Rabb.</i> 309), in biblical Hebrew <i>balal</i>, signifying mixture or confusion, suggests a better derivation for <i>Barbelo,</i> as denoting the chaotic germ of various and discrete existence: the change from ל to ר is common enough, and may be seen in the alternative form Βαρβηρώ. If the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Babel</span> of Justinus (Hipp. <i>Haer</i>. v. 26; x. 15) is identical with Barbelo, as is at least possible, this derivation becomes still more probable."</li> <li>It may be an <i>ad hoc</i> <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a> construction signifying both 'Great Emission' (according to <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Layton" title="Bentley Layton">Bentley Layton</a>'s <i>The Gnostic Scriptures</i>) and 'Seed' according to <a href="/wiki/F.C._Burkitt" class="mw-redirect" title="F.C. Burkitt">F.C. Burkitt</a> (in <i>Church and Gnosis</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana (mythology)</a> – Roman goddess of hunting and the wild</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Gnosticism)" title="Ogdoad (Gnosticism)">Ogdoad</a> – Gnostic cosmology of eight heavens</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Sundari" title="Tripura Sundari">Tripura Sundari</a> – Hindu goddess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> – French folk heroine and saint (1412–1431)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iren., Epiph., Philast., <i>Pist. Soph</i>., Hier.; -ρώ Epiph. as an alternative, 92 A, and similarly the Epitome, p. 354 Dind.; -λ, Epit. <i>l. c. bis;</i> -λώθ <a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyer2007">Meyer (2007)</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliade1978109–112-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEliade1978109–112_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEliade1978">Eliade (1978)</a>, pp. 109–112.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEliade1978" class="citation book cs1">Eliade, Mircea (1978). <i>Occultism, Witchcraft, and Cultural Fashions: Essays in Comparative Religion</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-20392-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-20392-1"><bdi>0-226-20392-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Occultism%2C+Witchcraft%2C+and+Cultural+Fashions%3A+Essays+in+Comparative+Religion&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-226-20392-1&rft.aulast=Eliade&rft.aufirst=Mircea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Meyer" title="Marvin Meyer">Meyer, Marvin</a> (2007). <i>The Nag Hammadi scriptures</i>. New York: HarperOne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-162600-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-162600-5"><bdi>978-0-06-162600-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/124538398">124538398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nag+Hammadi+scriptures&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F124538398&rft.isbn=978-0-06-162600-5&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Gnosticism" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gnosticism&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHort1877" class="citation book cs1">Hort, Fenton John Anthony (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o44cAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA235">"Babel"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wace_(Anglican_priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Wace (Anglican priest)">Wace, Henry</a> (eds.). <i>A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines</i>. Vol. I. London: John Murray. p. 235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Babel&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Christian+Biography%2C+Literature%2C+Sects+and+Doctrines&rft.place=London&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Hort&rft.aufirst=Fenton+John+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do44cAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHort1877" class="citation book cs1">Hort, Fenton John Anthony (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o44cAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA248">"Barbelo"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wace_(Anglican_priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Wace (Anglican priest)">Wace, Henry</a> (eds.). <i>A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines</i>. Vol. I. London: John Murray. pp. 248–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barbelo&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Christian+Biography%2C+Literature%2C+Sects+and+Doctrines&rft.place=London&rft.pages=248-49&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Hort&rft.aufirst=Fenton+John+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do44cAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoffatt1919" class="citation book cs1">Moffatt, James (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pf4hAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA46">"Pistis Sophia"</a>. In James, William (ed.). <i>Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics</i>. Vol. X. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567065100" title="Special:BookSources/9780567065100"><bdi>9780567065100</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pistis+Sophia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+of+Religion+and+Ethics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1919&rft.isbn=9780567065100&rft.aulast=Moffatt&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpf4hAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoeller,_Stephan_A.1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephan_A._Hoeller" title="Stephan A. Hoeller">Hoeller, Stephan A.</a> (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/junglostgospelsi00hoel"><i>Jung and the Lost Gospels</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Quest_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest Books">Quest Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8356-0646-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8356-0646-5"><bdi>0-8356-0646-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jung+and+the+Lost+Gospels&rft.pub=Quest+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8356-0646-5&rft.au=Hoeller%2C+Stephan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjunglostgospelsi00hoel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonas,_Hans2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jonas" title="Hans Jonas">Jonas, Hans</a> (2001). <i>The Gnostic Religion</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Press" title="Beacon Press">Beacon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8070-5801-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8070-5801-7"><bdi>0-8070-5801-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gnostic+Religion&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8070-5801-7&rft.au=Jonas%2C+Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayton,_Bentley1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Layton" title="Bentley Layton">Layton, Bentley</a> (1987). <i>The Gnostic Scriptures</i>. <a href="/wiki/SCM_Press" title="SCM Press">SCM Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-334-02022-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-334-02022-0"><bdi>0-334-02022-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gnostic+Scriptures&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-334-02022-0&rft.au=Layton%2C+Bentley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolph,_Kurt1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Rudolph" title="Kurt Rudolph">Rudolph, Kurt</a> (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gnosisnaturehist00rudo"><i>Gnosis: The Nature & History of Gnosticism</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-067018-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-067018-5"><bdi>0-06-067018-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gnosis%3A+The+Nature+%26+History+of+Gnosticism&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-06-067018-5&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgnosisnaturehist00rudo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Williams, Frank (1987). <i>The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis</i>. Vol. 2 volumes. Leiden; New York; København; Köln: E.J. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Panarion+of+Epiphanius+of+Salamis&rft.place=Leiden%3B+New+York%3B+K%C3%B8benhavn%3B+K%C3%B6ln&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarbelo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&oldid=1257989968">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbelo&oldid=1257989968</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gnostic_deities" title="Category:Gnostic deities">Gnostic deities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gnosticism" title="Category:Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2021">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from October 2011">Articles lacking in-text citations from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 15:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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