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She was arrested in 1726, accused of "judaizing" (being a practicing Jew). She was burned at the stake after an <i><a href="/wiki/Auto_de_fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto de fe">auto de fe</a></i> in 1736.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event was a major spectacle in Lima,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but it raised questions about possible irregular procedures and corruption within the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ana de Castro was born in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo, Spain</a>. She and her second husband, a merchant in Lima, arrived in Peru in 1707, together with the new viceroy, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Oms_y_de_Santa_Pau" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel de Oms y de Santa Pau">Manuel de Oms y de Santa Pau</a>. Her great beauty was mentioned in most written accounts of her by contemporaries. She was also said to be extremely haughty. For example, she was said to attend mass in the Plaza de la Recoleta in her carriage, but without descending from it. She was a wealthy and cultivated member of society in Lima. She was also accused of being promiscuous — there were rumors that she had had an affair with one of the royal viceroys. (If true, this was probably Oms or <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Armend%C3%A1riz" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Armendáriz">José de Armendáriz</a>, viceroy from 1724 to 1736.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrest,_imprisonment,_torture_and_execution"><span id="Arrest.2C_imprisonment.2C_torture_and_execution"></span>Arrest, imprisonment, torture and execution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrest, imprisonment, torture and execution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story of her arrest is as follows. Out of revenge, one of her ex-lovers bribed a maid in her household to hide a crucifix beneath her mattress. He then denounced her to the Inquisition, claiming that she was guilty of whipping an image of Christ. An investigation turned up the image among her bed linen and she was arrested. It is not possible to verify this story. </p><p>Women were exempt from torture by the Inquisition, but nevertheless, the Supreme Council of the Inquisition in Lima voted to subject her to torture to obtain a confession. In her ten years in prison she was tortured three times, and she had twenty audiences with the inquisitors in order to give her an opportunity to confess. Her considerable property, estimated at 22,000 pesos, was confiscated. </p><p>She apparently did not confess to the major charges against her, although she admitted to some Jewish observances she believed were not incompatible with Catholicism (observing the Sabbath and mourning the dead, things she had learned as a child). She was said to have revealed under torture that her sister and some other relatives had been burned by the Inquisition in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> for impenitence, that she herself had been implicated in the crime, and that she had been asked to whip a small child to death as an act of judaizing but had only witnessed the act. </p><p>In 1736, in spite of a ruling from Spain that she be spared, she was paraded through the streets of Lima on a mule, subjected to a sermon, turned over to the secular arm, and then burned at the stake. A crowd of 10,000 jeering spectators witnessed her execution. She was accompanied by other prisoners, but they were sentenced to lesser penalties. Her ashes were thrown into the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADmac_River" title="Rímac River">Rímac River</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irregularities">Irregularities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Irregularities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were irregularities in her case, recognized at the time. As a woman, she should not have been subjected to torture. Some witnesses reported seeing signs of repentance when she was paraded through Lima to the stake, something that should have spared her life but didn't. There was also a directive from Spain barring her execution, which was ignored. <i>Fiscal</i> (public prosecutor) Mateo de Amusquíbar accused Cristóval Sánchez Calderón, inquisitor from 1730 to 1748, of executing her for the spectacle, and as a demonstration of the power of the Inquisition. To this might be added the motive of confiscation of her property. Amusquíbar accused Sánchez Calderón of corruption — mismanaging funds and personally profiting from the fines he imposed. Sánchez Calderón was arrested and expelled from Lima, but allowed to return in 1747. </p><p>The Holy Tribunal banned discussion of her case, under pain of excommunication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2008" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Stuart B. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lgqe1QflcIQC&q=Mar%C3%ADa+Francisca+Ana+de+Castro&pg=PA142"><i>All Can Be Saved: Religious Tolerance and Salvation in the Iberian Atlantic</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300150537" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300150537"><bdi>978-0300150537</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Can+Be+Saved%3A+Religious+Tolerance+and+Salvation+in+the+Iberian+Atlantic&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0300150537&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Stuart+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlgqe1QflcIQC%26q%3DMar%25C3%25ADa%2BFrancisca%2BAna%2Bde%2BCastro%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAna+de+Castro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Toribio Medina, José, <i>Historia del tribunal de la Inquisición de Lima: 1569-1820</i>, vol. II, chapter 25. This is available on-line here (in Spanish): <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/00363874399947240757857/p0000005.htm#I_12_">[1]</a></li> <li>Williams, Jerry M. "A New Text in the Case of Ana de Castro: Lima's Inquisition on Trial". This is available on-line (in .pdf format) here: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.congreso.gob.pe/museo/inquisicion/ana-de-castro.pdf">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos7/inqui/inqui2.shtml">Some details</a> at monografias.com <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&oldid=1258673956">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ana_de_Castro&oldid=1258673956</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1680s_births" title="Category:1680s births">1680s births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1736_deaths" title="Category:1736 deaths">1736 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_Jews" title="Category:Peruvian Jews">Peruvian Jews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Executed_Spanish_people" title="Category:Executed Spanish people">Executed Spanish people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Executed_Peruvian_women" title="Category:Executed Peruvian women">Executed Peruvian women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_executed_by_the_Spanish_Inquisition" title="Category:People executed by the Spanish Inquisition">People executed by the Spanish Inquisition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_executions_by_Spain" title="Category:18th-century executions by Spain">18th-century executions by Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Executed_Peruvian_people" title="Category:Executed Peruvian people">Executed Peruvian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_executed_by_Spain_by_burning" title="Category:People executed by Spain by burning">People executed by Spain by burning</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Peruvian_people" title="Category:18th-century Peruvian people">18th-century Peruvian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Victims_of_antisemitic_violence" title="Category:Victims of antisemitic violence">Victims of antisemitic violence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_martyrs" title="Category:Jewish martyrs">Jewish martyrs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_Peruvian_history" title="Category:Jewish Peruvian history">Jewish Peruvian history</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)">Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 23:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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