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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>American Civil War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-American_Civil_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle American Civil War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-American_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quantrill's_Raiders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quantrill's_Raiders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Quantrill's Raiders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quantrill's_Raiders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>After the Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-James–Younger_Gang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#James–Younger_Gang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>James–Younger Gang</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-James–Younger_Gang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle James–Younger Gang subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-James–Younger_Gang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pinkertons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinkertons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pinkertons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinkertons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Downfall_of_the_gang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downfall_of_the_gang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Downfall of the gang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downfall_of_the_gang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rumors_of_survival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumors_of_survival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Rumors of survival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumors_of_survival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cultural depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesse James</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3" title="جيسي جيمس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيسي جيمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="জেসি জেমস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেসি জেমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Джеси Джеймс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеси Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82" title="Τζέσε Τζέιμς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέσε Τζέιμς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جسی جیمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جسی جیمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4" title="제시 제임스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제시 제임스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Ջեսսի Ջեյմս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեսսի Ջեյմս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James_(razbojnik)" title="Jesse James (razbojnik) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jesse James (razbojnik)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Woodson_James" title="Jesse Woodson James – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jesse Woodson James" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="ג'סי ג'יימס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'סי ג'יימס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಜೆಸೀ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆಸೀ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ჯესი ჯეიმზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯესი ჯეიმზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEesijs_D%C5%BEeimss" title="Džesijs Džeimss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džesijs Džeimss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James_(bandita)" title="Jesse James (bandita) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jesse James (bandita)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="جيسى جيمس (راعى البقر من امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيسى جيمس (راعى البقر من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James_(crimineel)" title="Jesse James (crimineel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jesse James (crimineel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="ジェシー・ジェイムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェシー・ジェイムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جسی جیمز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جسی جیمز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Джеймс, Джесси (преступник) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джеймс, Джесси (преступник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جێسی جەیمز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جێسی جەیمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jesse James" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Джессі Джеймс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джессі Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jesse James</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_James_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Oval-shaped black-and-white portrait photograph of a man with short slicked-back hair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Jesse_James_portrait.png/220px-Jesse_James_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Jesse_James_portrait.png/330px-Jesse_James_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Jesse_James_portrait.png/440px-Jesse_James_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="1452" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">James <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1882</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jesse Woodson James</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-09-05</span>)</span>September 5, 1847<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">near <a href="/wiki/Kearney,_Missouri" title="Kearney, Missouri">Kearney, Missouri</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 1882<span style="display:none">(1882-04-03)</span> (aged 34)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph, Missouri</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Gunshot wound to the head</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1866–1882</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zerelda_Mimms" title="Zerelda Mimms">Zerelda Mimms</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1874)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Jesse_E._James" title="Jesse E. James">Jesse E.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._James" title="Robert S. James">Robert S. James</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Zerelda_James" title="Zerelda James">Zerelda Cole James</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank James</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Hite" title="Wood Hite">Wood Hite</a> (cousin)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_James%27s_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jesse James" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jesse_James%27s_signature.png/150px-Jesse_James%27s_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jesse_James%27s_signature.png/225px-Jesse_James%27s_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jesse_James%27s_signature.png/300px-Jesse_James%27s_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jesse Woodson James</b> (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was an American <a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">outlaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_robbery" title="Bank robbery">bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Train_robbery" title="Train robbery">train robber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> and leader of the <a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_Gang" title="James–Younger Gang">James–Younger Gang</a>. Raised in the "<a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Missouri)" title="Little Dixie (Missouri)">Little Dixie</a>" area of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, James and his family maintained strong <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> sympathies. He and his brother <a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank James</a> joined pro-<a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> guerrillas known as "<a href="/wiki/Bushwhacker" title="Bushwhacker">bushwhackers</a>" operating in <a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kansas in the American Civil War">Kansas</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. As followers of <a href="/wiki/William_Quantrill" title="William Quantrill">William Quantrill</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_T._Anderson" title="William T. Anderson">"Bloody Bill" Anderson</a>, they were accused of committing atrocities against <a href="/wiki/Union_soldier" class="mw-redirect" title="Union soldier">Union soldiers</a> and civilian abolitionists, including the <a href="/wiki/Centralia_Massacre_(Missouri)" title="Centralia Massacre (Missouri)">Centralia Massacre</a> in 1864. </p><p>After the war, as members of various <a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gangs" title="List of Old West gangs">gangs of outlaws</a>, Jesse and Frank robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains across the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, gaining national fame and often popular sympathy despite the brutality of their crimes. The James brothers were most active as members of their own gang from about 1866 until 1876, when as a result of their attempted robbery of a bank in <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota" title="Northfield, Minnesota">Northfield, Minnesota</a>, several members of the gang were captured or killed. They continued in crime for several years afterward, recruiting new members, but came under increasing pressure from law enforcement seeking to bring them to justice. On April 3, 1882, Jesse James was shot and killed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ford_(outlaw)" title="Robert Ford (outlaw)">Robert Ford</a>, a new recruit to the gang who hoped to collect a <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(reward)" title="Bounty (reward)">reward</a> on James's head and a promised <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> for his previous crimes. Already a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the <a href="/wiki/American_Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American Old West">Wild West</a> after his death. </p><p>Popular portrayals of James as an embodiment of <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a>, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor, are a case of romantic revisionism as there is no evidence his gang shared any loot from their robberies with anyone outside their network.<sup id="cite_ref-seattle_times_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seattle_times-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars and historians have characterized James as one of many criminals inspired by the regional insurgencies of ex-Confederates following the Civil War, rather than as a manifestation of alleged <a href="/wiki/Economic_justice" title="Economic justice">economic justice</a> or of <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">frontier</a> lawlessness.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James continues to be one of the most famous figures from the era, and his life has been dramatized and memorialized numerous times. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse-james-farm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jesse-james-farm.jpg/220px-Jesse-james-farm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jesse-james-farm.jpg/330px-Jesse-james-farm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jesse-james-farm.jpg/440px-Jesse-james-farm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1271" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>James's farm in <a href="/wiki/Kearney,_Missouri" title="Kearney, Missouri">Kearney, Missouri</a>, pictured in March 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Jesse Woodson James was born on September 5, 1847, in <a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Missouri" title="Clay County, Missouri">Clay County, Missouri</a>, near the site of present-day <a href="/wiki/Kearney,_Missouri" title="Kearney, Missouri">Kearney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> was largely settled by people from the Upper South, especially <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, and became known as <a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Missouri)" title="Little Dixie (Missouri)">Little Dixie</a> for this reason. James had two full siblings: his elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Alexander Franklin "Frank" James</a>, and a younger sister, Susan Lavenia James. He was of <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> descent. His father, <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._James" title="Robert S. James">Robert S. James</a>, farmed commercial <a href="/wiki/Hemp_in_Kentucky" title="Hemp in Kentucky">hemp in Kentucky</a> and was a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> minister before coming to Missouri. After he married, he migrated to Bradford, Missouri and helped found <a href="/wiki/William_Jewell_College" title="William Jewell College">William Jewell College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Missouri" title="Liberty, Missouri">Liberty, Missouri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held six slaves and more than 100 acres (0.40 km<sup>2</sup>) of farmland. </p><p>Robert traveled to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Rush">Gold Rush</a> to minister to those searching for gold;<sup id="cite_ref-name_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he died there when James was three years old.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles23_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Robert's death, his widow <a href="/wiki/Zerelda_James" title="Zerelda James">Zerelda</a> remarried twice, first to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Simms" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Simms">Benjamin Simms</a> in 1852 and then in 1855 to Dr. <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Samuel" title="Reuben Samuel">Reuben Samuel</a>, who moved into the James family home. Jesse's mother and Samuel had four children together: Sarah Louisa, John Thomas, Fannie Quantrell, and Archie Peyton Samuel.<sup id="cite_ref-name_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yeatman26_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman26-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zerelda and Samuel acquired a total of seven slaves, who served mainly as farmhands in <a href="/wiki/Cultivation_of_tobacco" title="Cultivation of tobacco">tobacco cultivation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman26_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman26-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles26_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles26-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2></div> <p>The approach of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> loomed large in the James–Samuel household. Missouri was a <a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">border state</a>, sharing characteristics of both North and South, but 75% of the population was from the South or other border states.<sup id="cite_ref-name_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clay County in particular was strongly influenced by the Southern culture of its rural pioneer families. Farmers raised the same crops and livestock as in the areas from which they had migrated. They brought slaves with them and purchased more according to their needs. The county counted more slaveholders and more slaves than most other regions of the state; in Missouri as a whole, slaves accounted for only 10 percent of the population, but in Clay County, they constituted 25 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles37_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles37-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Missouri" title="History of slavery in Missouri">slavery</a>, the culture of Little Dixie was Southern in other ways as well. This influenced how the population acted during and for a period of time after the war. </p><p>After the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a> in 1854, Clay County became the scene of great turmoil as the question of whether slavery would be expanded into the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas Territory</a> bred tension and hostility. Many people from Missouri migrated to Kansas to try to influence its future. Much of the dramatic build-up to the Civil War centered on the <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">violence that erupted</a> on the Kansas–Missouri border between pro- and anti-slavery militias.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles26_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles26-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_James.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jesse_James.jpg/170px-Jesse_James.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jesse_James.jpg/255px-Jesse_James.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Jesse_James.jpg 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>James as a young man</figcaption></figure> <p>After a series of campaigns and battles between conventional armies in 1861, <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> warfare gripped Missouri, waged between secessionist "<a href="/wiki/Bushwhackers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushwhackers">bushwhackers</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union</a> forces which largely consisted of local <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militias</a> known as "<a href="/wiki/Jayhawkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayhawkers">jayhawkers</a>". A bitter conflict ensued, resulting in an escalating cycle of atrocities committed by both sides. <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> guerrillas murdered civilian Unionists, executed prisoners, and <a href="/wiki/Scalping" title="Scalping">scalped</a> the dead. The Union presence enforced <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> with <a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">raids</a> on homes, arrests of civilians, <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">banishment</a> of Confederate sympathizers from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The James–Samuel family sided with the Confederates at the outbreak of war.<sup id="cite_ref-SS3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SS3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank James joined a local company recruited for the secessionist Drew Lobbs Army, and fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">Battle of Wilson's Creek</a> in August 1861. He fell ill and returned home soon afterward. In 1863, he was identified as a member of a guerrilla squad that operated in Clay County. In May of that year, a Union militia company raided the James–Samuel farm looking for Frank's group. They <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortured</a> Reuben Samuel by briefly hanging him from a tree. According to legend, they lashed young Jesse.<sup id="cite_ref-name_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quantrill's_Raiders"><span id="Quantrill.27s_Raiders"></span>Quantrill's Raiders</h3></div> <p>Frank James eluded capture and was believed to have joined the guerrilla organization led by <a href="/wiki/William_Quantrill" title="William Quantrill">William C. Quantrill</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Quantrill%27s_Raiders" title="Quantrill's Raiders">Quantrill's Raiders</a>. It is thought that he took part in the notorious <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Massacre" title="Lawrence Massacre">massacre of some two hundred men and boys</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence, Kansas</a>, a center of <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman30_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman30-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles6184_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles6184-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank followed Quantrill to <a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman, Texas</a>, over the winter of 1863–1864. In the spring he returned in a squad commanded by Fletch Taylor. After they arrived in Clay County, 16-year-old Jesse James joined his brother in Taylor's group.<sup id="cite_ref-name_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor was severely wounded in the summer of 1864, losing his right arm to a shotgun blast. The James brothers then joined the bushwhacker group led by <a href="/wiki/William_T._Anderson" title="William T. Anderson">William "Bloody Bill" Anderson</a>. Jesse suffered a serious wound to the chest that summer. The Clay County provost marshal reported that both Frank and Jesse James took part in the <a href="/wiki/Centralia_Massacre_(Missouri)" title="Centralia Massacre (Missouri)">Centralia Massacre</a> in September, in which guerrillas stopped a train carrying unarmed Union soldiers returning home from duty and killed or wounded some 22 of them; the guerrillas scalped and dismembered some of the dead. The guerrillas also <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambushed</a> and defeated a pursuing regiment of Major A. V. E. Johnson's Union troops, killing all who tried to surrender, who numbered more than 100. Frank later identified Jesse as a member of the band who had fatally shot Major Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-settle_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the James brothers' activities, Union military authorities forced their family to leave Clay County. Though ordered to move South beyond Union lines, they moved north across the nearby state border into <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory" title="Nebraska Territory">Nebraska Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-settle140_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle140-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After "Bloody Bill" Anderson was killed in an ambush in October, the James brothers separated. Frank followed Quantrill into <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, while Jesse went to Texas under the command of <a href="/wiki/Archie_Clement" title="Archie Clement">Archie Clement</a>, one of Anderson's lieutenants. He is known to have returned to Missouri in the spring.<sup id="cite_ref-settle_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 17, Jesse suffered the second of two life-threatening chest wounds when he was shot while trying to surrender after they ran into a Union <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> patrol near <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Missouri" title="Lexington, Missouri">Lexington, Missouri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman48_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman48-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stilesmulti_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stilesmulti-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_Civil_War">After the Civil War</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif/170px-Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif/255px-Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Jesse and <a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank James</a> in 1872</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clay-savings.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Clay-savings.png/220px-Clay-savings.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Clay-savings.png/330px-Clay-savings.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Clay-savings.png/440px-Clay-savings.png 2x" data-file-width="2503" data-file-height="1497" /></a><figcaption>Clay County Savings in Liberty, Missouri</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the Civil War, Missouri remained deeply divided. The conflict split the population into three bitterly opposed factions: anti-slavery Unionists identified with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>; segregationist conservative Unionists identified with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>; and pro-slavery, ex-Confederate secessionists, many of whom were also allied with the Democrats, especially in the southern part of the state. </p><p>The Republican-dominated <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> legislature passed a new state constitution that freed Missouri's slaves. It temporarily excluded former Confederates from voting, serving on juries, becoming corporate officers, or preaching from church pulpits. The atmosphere was volatile, with widespread clashes between individuals and between armed gangs of veterans from both sides of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles149_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles149-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesse recovered from his chest wound at his uncle's boardinghouse in Harlem, Missouri (north across the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a> from the City of Kansas's River Quay [changed to Kansas City in 1889]). He was tended to by his first cousin, <a href="/wiki/Zerelda_Mimms" title="Zerelda Mimms">Zerelda "Zee" Mimms</a>, named after Jesse's mother.<sup id="cite_ref-settle_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesse and his cousin began a nine-year courtship that culminated in their marriage. Meanwhile, his former commander <a href="/wiki/Archie_Clement" title="Archie Clement">Archie Clement</a> kept his bushwhacker gang together and began to harass Republican authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-SS3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SS3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These men were the likely culprits in the first daylight armed bank robbery in the United States during peacetime,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the robbery of the Clay County Savings Association in the town of <a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Missouri" title="Liberty, Missouri">Liberty, Missouri</a>, on February 13, 1866. The bank was owned by Republican former militia officers who had recently conducted the first Republican Party rally in Clay County's history. During the gang's escape from the town, an innocent bystander, 17-year-old George C. "Jolly" Wymore, a student at <a href="/wiki/William_Jewell_College" title="William Jewell College">William Jewell College</a>, was shot dead on the street.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles168_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles168-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It remains unclear whether Jesse and Frank took part in the Clay County robbery. After the James brothers successfully conducted other robberies and became legendary, some observers retroactively credited them with being the leaders of the robbery.<sup id="cite_ref-settle_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have argued that Jesse was at the time still bedridden with his wound and could not have participated. No evidence has been found that connects either brother to the crime or that conclusively rules them out.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman83_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman83-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 13, 1866, in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson County, Missouri</a>, the gang freed two jailed members of Quantrill's gang, killing the jailer in the effort.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians believe that the James brothers were involved in this crime.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Local violence continued to increase in the state; Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clement_Fletcher" title="Thomas Clement Fletcher">Thomas Clement Fletcher</a> had recently ordered a company of militia into <a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Missouri" title="Johnson County, Missouri">Johnson County</a> to suppress guerrilla activity.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles173_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles173-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Archie_Clement" title="Archie Clement">Archie Clement</a> continued his career of crime and harassment of the Republican government, to the extent of occupying the town of <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Missouri" title="Lexington, Missouri">Lexington, Missouri</a>, on election day in 1866. Shortly afterward, the state militia shot Clement dead. James wrote about this death with bitterness a decade later.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles168_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles168-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yeatman83_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman83-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The survivors of Clement's gang continued to conduct bank robberies during the next two years, though their numbers dwindled through <a href="/wiki/Arrests" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrests">arrests</a>, gunfights, and <a href="/wiki/Lynchings" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynchings">lynchings</a>. While they later tried to justify robbing the banks, most of their targets were small, local banks based on local capital, and the robberies only penalized the locals they claimed to support.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles238_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles238-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 23, 1867, for example, they robbed a bank in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Missouri" title="Richmond, Missouri">Richmond, Missouri</a>, in which they killed the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> and two others.<sup id="cite_ref-settle_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remains uncertain whether either of the James brothers took part, although an eyewitness who knew the brothers told a newspaper seven years later "positively and emphatically that he recognized Jesse and Frank James... among the robbers."<sup id="cite_ref-stiles192_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles192-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1868, Frank and Jesse James allegedly joined <a href="/wiki/Cole_Younger" title="Cole Younger">Cole Younger</a> in robbing a bank in <a href="/wiki/Russellville,_Kentucky" title="Russellville, Kentucky">Russellville, Kentucky</a>. </p><p>Jesse James did not become well known until December 7, 1869, when he (and most likely Frank) robbed the Daviess County Savings Association in <a href="/wiki/Gallatin,_Missouri" title="Gallatin, Missouri">Gallatin, Missouri</a>. The robbery netted little money. Jesse is believed to have shot and killed the cashier, Captain John Sheets, mistakenly believing him to be <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Cox" title="Samuel P. Cox">Samuel P. Cox</a>, the militia officer who had killed "Bloody Bill" Anderson during the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman91_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman91-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James claimed he was taking revenge, and the daring escape he and Frank made through the middle of a <a href="/wiki/Posse_comitatus" title="Posse comitatus">posse</a> shortly afterward attracted newspaper coverage for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles190_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles190-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-settle32_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle32-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An 1882 history of <a href="/wiki/Daviess_County,_Missouri" title="Daviess County, Missouri">Daviess County</a> said, "The history of Daviess County has no blacker crime in its pages than the murder of John W. Sheets."<sup id="cite_ref-daviess_county_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daviess_county-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_records_of_State_of_Missouri_vs._Frank_and_Jesse_James_-_Grand_Larceny,_Daniel_Smoote.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Court_records_of_State_of_Missouri_vs._Frank_and_Jesse_James_-_Grand_Larceny%2C_Daniel_Smoote.jpg/220px-Court_records_of_State_of_Missouri_vs._Frank_and_Jesse_James_-_Grand_Larceny%2C_Daniel_Smoote.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Court_records_of_State_of_Missouri_vs._Frank_and_Jesse_James_-_Grand_Larceny%2C_Daniel_Smoote.jpg/330px-Court_records_of_State_of_Missouri_vs._Frank_and_Jesse_James_-_Grand_Larceny%2C_Daniel_Smoote.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Court_records_of_State_of_Missouri_vs._Frank_and_Jesse_James_-_Grand_Larceny%2C_Daniel_Smoote.jpg/440px-Court_records_of_State_of_Missouri_vs._Frank_and_Jesse_James_-_Grand_Larceny%2C_Daniel_Smoote.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2213" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>State of Missouri vs. Frank & Jesse James including indictment; capias to Clay & Jackson Counties; sheriff's returns; warrant to any sheriff or marshall of the Criminal Court in Missouri. Courtesy of the Missouri State Archives.</figcaption></figure> <p>The only known civil case involving Frank and Jesse James was filed in the Common Pleas Court of Daviess County in 1870. In the case, Daniel Smoote asked for $223.50 from Frank and Jesse James to replace a horse, saddle, and bridle stolen as they fled the robbery of the Daviess County Savings Bank. The brothers denied the charges, saying they were not in Daviess County on December 7, the day the robbery occurred. Frank and Jesse failed to appear in court, and Smoote won his case against them.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unlikely that he ever collected the money due. </p><p>The 1869 robbery marked the emergence of Jesse James as the most famous survivor of the former Confederate bushwhackers. It was the first time he was publicly labeled an "outlaw"; Missouri Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Theodore_Crittenden" title="Thomas Theodore Crittenden">Thomas T. Crittenden</a> set a reward for his capture.<sup id="cite_ref-daviess_county_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daviess_county-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the beginning of an alliance between James and <a href="/wiki/John_Newman_Edwards" title="John Newman Edwards">John Newman Edwards</a>, editor and founder of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Times" title="Kansas City Times">Kansas City Times</a></i>. Edwards, a former Confederate cavalryman, was campaigning to return former secessionists to power in Missouri. Six months after the Gallatin robbery, Edwards published the first of many letters from Jesse James to the public asserting his innocence. Over time, the letters gradually became more political in tone and James denounced the Republicans and expressed his pride in his Confederate loyalties. Together with Edwards's admiring editorials, the letters helped James become a symbol of Confederate defiance of federal Reconstruction policy. James's initiative in creating his rising public profile is debated by historians and biographers. The high tensions in politics accompanied his outlaw career and enhanced his notoriety.<sup id="cite_ref-settle32_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle32-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles207_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles207-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="James–Younger_Gang"><span id="James.E2.80.93Younger_Gang"></span>James–Younger Gang</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_Gang" title="James–Younger Gang">James–Younger Gang</a></div> <p>Meanwhile, the James brothers joined with Cole Younger and his brothers <a href="/wiki/John_Younger" title="John Younger">John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Younger" title="Jim Younger">Jim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Younger" title="Bob Younger">Bob</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Clell_Miller" title="Clell Miller">Clell Miller</a> and other former Confederates, to form what came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_Gang" title="James–Younger Gang">James–Younger Gang</a>. With Jesse James as the most public face of the gang (though with operational leadership likely shared among the group), the gang carried out a string of robberies from <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and from Kansas to <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They robbed banks, stagecoaches, and a fair in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>, often carrying out their crimes in front of crowds, and even hamming it up for the bystanders. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_James_Historic_Site.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jesse_James_Historic_Site.jpg/220px-Jesse_James_Historic_Site.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jesse_James_Historic_Site.jpg/330px-Jesse_James_Historic_Site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jesse_James_Historic_Site.jpg/440px-Jesse_James_Historic_Site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Jesse James Historic Site sign, identifying the location of the Adair, Iowa train robbery</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 21, 1873, they turned to <a href="/wiki/Train_robbery" title="Train robbery">train robbery</a>, derailing a <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Rock_Island_and_Pacific_Railroad" title="Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad">Rock Island Line</a> train west of <a href="/wiki/Adair,_Iowa" title="Adair, Iowa">Adair, Iowa</a>, and stealing approximately $3,000 (equivalent to $76,000 in 2023). For this, they wore <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> masks. By this time, the Klan had been suppressed in the South by President Grant's use of the <a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Acts" title="Enforcement Acts">Enforcement Acts</a>. Former rebels attacked the railroads as symbols of threatening centralization.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles236-238_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles236-238-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gang's later train robberies had a lighter touch. The gang held up passengers only twice, choosing in all other incidents to take only the contents of the express safe in the baggage car. John Newman Edwards made sure to highlight such techniques when creating an image of James as a kind of <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a>. Despite public sentiment toward the gang's crimes, there is no evidence that the James gang ever shared any of the robbery money outside their personal circle.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles207_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles207-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesse and his cousin <a href="/wiki/Zerelda_Mimms" title="Zerelda Mimms">Zee</a> married on April 24, 1874. They had two children who survived to adulthood: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_E._James" title="Jesse E. James">Jesse Edward James</a> (b. 1875) and Mary Susan James (later Barr, b. 1879).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twins Gould and Montgomery James (b. 1878) died in infancy. Jesse Jr. became a lawyer who practiced in Kansas City, Missouri, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinkertons">Pinkertons</h3></div> <p>In 1874, the <a href="/wiki/Adams_Express_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Adams Express Company">Adams Express Company</a> turned to the <a href="/wiki/Pinkerton_National_Detective_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinkerton National Detective Agency">Pinkerton National Detective Agency</a> to stop the <a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_Gang" title="James–Younger Gang">James–Younger Gang</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>-based agency worked primarily against urban professional criminals, as well as providing industrial security, such as <a href="/wiki/Strikebreaker" title="Strikebreaker">strike breaking</a>. Because the <a href="/wiki/James-Younger_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="James-Younger gang">gang</a> received support by many former Confederate soldiers in Missouri, they eluded the Pinkertons. Joseph Whicher, an agent dispatched to infiltrate Zerelda Samuel's farm, was soon found killed. Two other agents, Captain Louis J. Lull and John Boyle, were sent after the Youngers; Lull was killed by two of the Youngers in a roadside gunfight on March 17, 1874. Before he died, Lull fatally shot <a href="/wiki/John_Younger" title="John Younger">John Younger</a>. A deputy sheriff named Edwin Daniels also died in the skirmish.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman111_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman111-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles249_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles249-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?165238-1/frank-jesse-james"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Ted Yeatman on <i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i>, October 28, 2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Allan Pinkerton</a>, the agency's founder and leader, took on the case as a personal vendetta. He began to work with former Unionists who lived near the James family farm. On the night of January 25, 1875, he staged a raid on the homestead. Detectives threw an incendiary device into the house; it exploded, killing James's young half-brother Archie (named for Archie Clement) and blowing off one of Zerelda Samuel's arms. Afterward, Pinkerton denied that the raid's intent was <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a>. But biographer Ted Yeatman found a letter by Pinkerton in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> in which Pinkerton declared his intention to "burn the house down."<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman128_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman128-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles272_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles272-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many residents were outraged by the raid on the family home. The Missouri state legislature narrowly defeated a bill that praised the James and Younger brothers and offered them <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SS3_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SS3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allowed to vote and hold office again, former Confederates in the legislature voted to limit the size of rewards the governor could offer for fugitives. This extended a measure of protection over the <a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="James–Younger gang">James–Younger gang</a> by minimizing the incentive for attempting to capture them. The governor had offered rewards higher than the new limit only on Frank and Jesse James.<sup id="cite_ref-settle76_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle76-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yeatman286_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman286-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Across a creek and up a hill from the James house was the home of Daniel Askew, who is thought to have been killed by James or his gang on April 12, 1875. They may have suspected Askew of cooperating with the <a href="/wiki/Pinkertons" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinkertons">Pinkertons</a> in the January 1875 arson of the James house.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downfall_of_the_gang">Downfall of the gang</h3></div> <p>On September 7, 1876, the opening day of hunting season in Minnesota, the James–Younger gang attempted a raid on the <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota#Defeat_of_Jesse_James_Days_Celebration" title="Northfield, Minnesota">First National Bank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota" title="Northfield, Minnesota">Northfield, Minnesota</a>. The robbery quickly went wrong, however, and after the robbery only Frank and Jesse James remained alive and free.<sup id="cite_ref-st._joseph_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-st._joseph-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cole and Bob Younger later said they selected the bank because they believed it was associated with the Republican politician <a href="/wiki/Adelbert_Ames" title="Adelbert Ames">Adelbert Ames</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> during Reconstruction, and Union general <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Butler (politician)">Benjamin Butler</a>, Ames's father-in-law and the Union commander of occupied <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a>. Ames was a stockholder in the bank, but Butler had no direct connection to it.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles324_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles324-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gang attempted to rob the bank in Northfield at about 2 p.m. To carry out the robbery, the gang divided into two groups. Three men entered the bank, two guarded the door outside, and three remained near a bridge across an adjacent square. The robbers inside the bank were thwarted when acting cashier <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lee_Heywood" title="Joseph Lee Heywood">Joseph Lee Heywood</a> refused to open the safe, falsely claiming that it was secured by a <a href="/wiki/Time_lock" title="Time lock">time lock</a> even as they held a <a href="/wiki/Bowie_knife" title="Bowie knife">Bowie knife</a> to his throat and <a href="/wiki/Skull_fracture" title="Skull fracture">cracked his skull</a> with a pistol butt. Assistant cashier Alonzo Enos Bunker was wounded in the shoulder as he fled through the back door of the bank. Meanwhile, the citizens of Northfield grew suspicious of the men guarding the door and raised the alarm. The five bandits outside fired into the air to clear the streets, driving the townspeople to take cover and fire back from protected positions. They shot two bandits dead and wounded the rest in the barrage. Inside, the outlaws turned to flee. As they left, one shot the unarmed cashier Heywood in the head. Historians have speculated about the identity of the shooter but have not reached consensus. </p><p>The gang barely escaped Northfield, leaving two dead companions behind. They killed Heywood and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gustafson" title="Nicholas Gustafson">Nicholas Gustafson</a>, a Swedish immigrant from the Millersburg community west of Northfield. A substantial manhunt ensued. It is believed that the gang burned 14 <a href="/wiki/Rice_County,_Minnesota" title="Rice County, Minnesota">Rice County</a> mills shortly after the robbery.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The James brothers eventually split from the others and escaped to Missouri. The militia soon discovered the Youngers and one other bandit, Charlie Pitts. Pitts died in a gunfight and the Youngers were taken prisoner. Except for Frank and Jesse James, the James–Younger Gang was destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman169_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman169-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles326_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles326-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 1876, Jesse and Frank James surfaced in the <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, area, where they went by the names of Thomas Howard and B. J. Woodson, respectively. Frank seemed to settle down, but Jesse remained restless. He recruited a new gang in 1879 and returned to crime, holding up a train at Glendale, Missouri (now part of <a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on October 8, 1879. The robbery was the first in a spree of crimes, including the holdup of the federal paymaster of a canal project in <a href="/wiki/Killen,_Alabama" title="Killen, Alabama">Killen, Alabama</a>, and two more train robberies. However, the new gang was not made up of battle-hardened guerrillas; they soon turned against each other or were captured. James grew suspicious of other members; he scared away one man and some believe that he killed another gang member. </p><p>In 1879, the James gang robbed two stores in far western <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Mississippi" title="Washington, Mississippi">Washington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Mississippi" title="Adams County, Mississippi">Adams County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Mississippi" title="Fayette, Mississippi">Fayette</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson County, Mississippi">Jefferson County</a>. The gang left with $2,000 cash from the second robbery and took shelter in abandoned cabins on the Kemp Plantation south of <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Louisiana" title="St. Joseph, Louisiana">St. Joseph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. A law enforcement posse attacked and killed two of the outlaws but failed to capture the entire gang. Among the deputies was <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_B._Snyder" title="Jefferson B. Snyder">Jefferson B. Snyder</a>, later a long-serving <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> in northeastern Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1881, with local Tennessee authorities growing suspicious, the brothers returned to Missouri, where they felt safer. James moved his family to <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph</a>, Missouri, in November 1881, not far from where he had been born and reared. Frank, however, decided to move to safer territory and headed east to settle in <a href="/wiki/Virginia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia (U.S. state)">Virginia</a>. They intended to give up crime. The James gang had been reduced to the two of them.<sup id="cite_ref-yeatman193_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman193-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles351_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles351-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jess-james2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jess-james2.jpg/220px-Jess-james2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jess-james2.jpg/330px-Jess-james2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jess-james2.jpg/440px-Jess-james2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Site at 1318 Lafayette Street, where James was killed. To the right is the top of <a href="/wiki/Patee_House" title="Patee House">Patee House</a>, where his widow Zerelda stayed after his death. His house was subsequently moved to the Belt Highway and later to its current location on the Patee House grounds.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse-james-home1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jesse-james-home1.jpg/220px-Jesse-james-home1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jesse-james-home1.jpg/330px-Jesse-james-home1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jesse-james-home1.jpg/440px-Jesse-james-home1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Jesse James's home in St. Joseph, where he was shot (currently at the grounds of the Patee House)</figcaption></figure> <p>With <a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_Gang" title="James–Younger Gang">his gang</a> nearly annihilated, James trusted only the Ford brothers, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ford_(outlaw)" title="Charles Ford (outlaw)">Charley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ford_(outlaw)" title="Robert Ford (outlaw)">Robert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-la_times_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-la_times-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Charley had been out on raids with James, Bob Ford was an eager new recruit. For protection, James asked the Ford brothers to move in with him and his family. James had often stayed with their sister Martha Bolton and, according to rumor, he was "smitten" with her.<sup id="cite_ref-seattle_times_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seattle_times-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, Bob Ford had conducted secret negotiations with Missouri Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Theodore_Crittenden" title="Thomas Theodore Crittenden">Thomas T. Crittenden</a>, planning to bring in the famous outlaw.<sup id="cite_ref-la_times_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-la_times-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crittenden had made capture of the James brothers his top priority; in his inaugural address he declared that no political motives could be allowed to keep them from justice. Barred by law from offering a large reward, he had turned to the railroad and express corporations to put up a $5,000 bounty for the delivery of each of them and an additional $5,000 for the conviction of either of them.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Ford_shooting_Jesse_James.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Ford_shooting_Jesse_James.jpg/220px-Robert_Ford_shooting_Jesse_James.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Ford_shooting_Jesse_James.jpg/330px-Robert_Ford_shooting_Jesse_James.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Ford_shooting_Jesse_James.jpg/440px-Robert_Ford_shooting_Jesse_James.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> shows Robert Ford famously shooting Jesse James in the back while he hangs a picture in his house. Ford's brother Charles looks on.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>On April 3, 1882, after eating breakfast, the Fords and Jameses went into the living room before traveling to <a href="/wiki/Platte_City,_Missouri" title="Platte City, Missouri">Platte City</a> for a robbery. From the newspaper, James had just learned that gang member <a href="/wiki/Dick_Liddil" title="Dick Liddil">Dick Liddil</a> had confessed to participating in <a href="/wiki/Wood_Hite" title="Wood Hite">Wood Hite</a>'s murder. He was suspicious that the Fords had not told him about it. Robert Ford later said he believed that James had realized they were there to betray him. Instead of confronting them, James walked across the living room and laid his revolvers on a sofa. He turned around and noticed a dusty picture above the mantle, and stood on a chair to clean it. Robert Ford drew his weapon and shot the unarmed Jesse James in the back of the head.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stiles363_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles363-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yeatman264_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman264-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James's two previous bullet wounds and partially missing middle finger served to positively identify the body.<sup id="cite_ref-settle_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The death of Jesse James became a national sensation. The Fords made no attempt to hide their role. Robert Ford wired the governor to claim his reward. Crowds pressed into the little house in St. Joseph to see the dead bandit. The Ford brothers surrendered to the authorities and were dismayed to be charged with <a href="/wiki/First-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="First-degree murder">first-degree murder</a>. In the course of a single day, the Ford brothers were indicted, pleaded guilty, were sentenced to death by <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanging</a>, and were granted a full pardon by Governor Crittenden.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governor's quick pardon suggested he knew the brothers intended to kill James rather than capture him. The implication that the chief executive of Missouri conspired to kill a private citizen startled the public and added to James's notoriety.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles376_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles376-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yeatman270_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeatman270-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-settle117_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle117-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After receiving a small portion of the reward, the Fords fled Missouri. Sheriff <a href="/wiki/James_Timberlake" title="James Timberlake">James Timberlake</a> and Marshal Henry H. Craig, who were law enforcement officials active in the plan, were awarded the majority of the bounty.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the Ford brothers starred in a touring stage show in which they reenacted the shooting.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles378_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles378-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public opinion was divided between those against the Fords for murdering Jesse and those of the opinion that it had been time for the outlaw to be stopped. Suffering from <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> (then incurable) and a <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> addiction, Charley Ford committed suicide on May 6, 1884, in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Missouri" title="Richmond, Missouri">Richmond, Missouri</a>. Bob Ford operated a tent saloon in <a href="/wiki/Creede,_Colorado" title="Creede, Colorado">Creede, Colorado</a>. On June 8, 1892, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Capehart_O%27Kelley" title="Edward Capehart O'Kelley">Edward O'Kelley</a> went to Creede, loaded a double-barrel shotgun, entered Ford's saloon and said "Hello, Bob" before shooting Ford in the throat, killing him instantly. O'Kelley was sentenced to life in prison, but his sentence was subsequently commuted because of a 7,000-signature petition in favor of his release, as well as a medical condition. The Governor of Colorado pardoned him on October 3, 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_James_Gravestone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jesse_James_Gravestone.jpg/220px-Jesse_James_Gravestone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jesse_James_Gravestone.jpg/330px-Jesse_James_Gravestone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jesse_James_Gravestone.jpg/440px-Jesse_James_Gravestone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Jesse James Gravestone in Kearney, Missouri</figcaption></figure> <p>James's original grave was on his family property, but he was later moved to a cemetery in Kearney. The original footstone is still there, although the family has replaced the headstone. James's mother Zerelda Samuel wrote the following epitaph for him: "In Loving Memory of my Beloved Son, Murdered by a Traitor and Coward Whose Name is not Worthy to Appear Here."<sup id="cite_ref-la_times_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-la_times-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James's widow <a href="/wiki/Zerelda_Mimms" title="Zerelda Mimms">Zerelda Mimms James</a> died alone and in <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rumors_of_survival">Rumors of survival</h4></div> <p>Rumors of Jesse James's survival proliferated almost as soon as the newspapers announced his death. Some said that Robert Ford killed someone other than James in an elaborate plot to allow him to escape justice.<sup id="cite_ref-SS3_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SS3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tales have received little credence, then or since. None of James's biographers accepted them as plausible. The body buried in Kearney, Missouri, marked "Jesse James" was exhumed in 1995 and subjected to <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial DNA</a> typing. The report, prepared by Anne C. Stone, Ph.D., James E. Starrs, L.L.M., and Mark Stoneking, Ph.D., confirmed that the mtDNA recovered from the remains was consistent with the mtDNA of one of James's relatives in the female line.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theme of survival was featured in a 2009 documentary, <i>Jesse James' Hidden Treasure</i>, which aired on the <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History Channel</a>. The documentary was dismissed as pseudo history and pseudoscience by historian Nancy Samuelson in a review she wrote for the Winter 2009–2010 edition of <i>The James-Younger Gang Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/J._Frank_Dalton" title="J. Frank Dalton">J. Frank Dalton</a> claimed to be Jesse James. Dalton was allegedly 101 years old at the time of his first public appearance, in May 1948. Dalton died August 15, 1951, in <a href="/wiki/Granbury,_Texas" title="Granbury, Texas">Granbury, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oran Baker, Hood County sheriff, conducted a visual postmortem exam and found he had thirty-two bullet wounds and a rope burn around his neck. He was buried in Granbury Cemetery, where the headstone bears the name of "Jesse Woodson James".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalton's story was disputed by James's surviving relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-lies_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Social_bandits" class="mw-redirect" title="Social bandits">Social bandits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a></div> <p>James's turn to crime after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction era</a> helped cement his place in American life and memory as a simple but remarkably effective bandit. After 1873, he was covered by the national media as part of social banditry.<sup id="cite_ref-gunfighter128_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunfighter128-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his lifetime, James was celebrated chiefly by former Confederates, to whom he appealed directly in his letters to the press. Displaced by Reconstruction, the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Antebellum era">antebellum</a> political leadership mythologized the James Gang's exploits. Frank Triplett wrote about James as a "progressive neo-aristocrat" with "purity of race".<sup id="cite_ref-gunfighter136_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunfighter136-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians credit James's myth as contributing to the rise of former Confederates to dominance in Missouri politics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 1880s, both <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senators</a> from the state, former <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> military commander <a href="/wiki/Francis_Cockrell" title="Francis Cockrell">Francis Cockrell</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederate_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Confederate States">Confederate Congressman</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Graham_Vest" title="George Graham Vest">George Graham Vest</a>, were identified with the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Confederate cause</a>. </p><p>In the 1880s, after James's death, the James Gang became the subject of <a href="/wiki/Dime_novel" title="Dime novel">dime novels</a> that represented the bandits as <a href="/wiki/Pre-industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-industrial">pre-industrial</a> models of <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gunfighter136_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunfighter136-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">Populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive</a> eras, James became an icon as America's <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a>, standing up against <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporations</a> in defense of the small farmer, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor. There is no evidence that he shared the loot of his robberies with anyone other than his gang members; they alone enjoyed the riches with him.<sup id="cite_ref-seattle_times_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seattle_times-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, James was pictured as a psychologically troubled man rather than a social rebel. Some filmmakers portrayed the former outlaw as a revenger, replacing "social with exclusively personal motives."<sup id="cite_ref-gunfighter382_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunfighter382-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While his "heroic outlaw" image is commonly portrayed in films, as well as in songs and folklore, since the late 20th century, historians such as Stiles have classified him as a self-aware vigilante and terrorist who used local tensions to create his own myth among the widespread <a href="/wiki/Insurgent" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgent">insurgent</a> guerrillas and <a href="/wiki/Vigilante" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigilante">vigilantes</a> following the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesse James remains a controversial symbol, one who can always be reinterpreted in various ways according to cultural tensions and needs. Some of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">neo-Confederate</a> movement regard him as a hero.<sup id="cite_ref-stiles376_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stiles376-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gunfighter155_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunfighter155-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-settle149_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settle149-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, renewed cultural battles over the place of the Civil War in American history have replaced the long-standing interpretation of James as a Western frontier hero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <p>Museums and sites devoted to Jesse James: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brothers%27_House_and_Farm" title="James Brothers' House and Farm">James Farm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kearney,_Missouri" title="Kearney, Missouri">Kearney, Missouri</a>: In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Missouri" title="Clay County, Missouri">Clay County, Missouri</a>, bought the property. The county operates the site as a house museum and historic site.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1972, with a boundary increase in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-nris_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_Home_Museum" title="Jesse James Home Museum">Jesse James Home Museum</a>: The house where Jesse James was killed in south <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph</a> was moved in 1939 to the Belt Highway on St. Joseph's east side to attract tourists. In 1977, it was moved to its current location, near <a href="/wiki/Patee_House" title="Patee House">Patee House</a>, which was the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express</a>. The house is owned and operated by the Pony Express Historical Association.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Jesse James Bank Museum, on the square in <a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Missouri" title="Liberty, Missouri">Liberty, Missouri</a>, is the site of the first daylight bank robbery in the United States in peacetime. The museum is managed by Clay County along with the James Farm Home and Museum outside of Kearney.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>First National Bank of Northfield: The Northfield Historical Society in <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota" title="Northfield, Minnesota">Northfield, Minnesota</a>, has restored the building that housed the First National Bank, the scene of the 1876 raid.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Heaton Bowman Funeral Home, 36th Street and Frederick Avenue, <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph, Missouri</a>: The funeral home's predecessor conducted the original autopsy and funeral for Jesse James. A room in the back holds the log book and other documentation.</li> <li>The Jesse James Tavern is located in Asdee, <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry,_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="County Kerry, Ireland">County Kerry, Ireland</a>. It has been claimed that James's ancestors were from that area of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But documented evidence suggests that on his father's side, Jesse was a third-generation American of English descent.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>According to the National Park Service, Jesse James has a historical connection to Mammoth Cave National Park, having reportedly occupied some of the cave's inner areas during his escapes from the law, and having committed a stage coach robbery between Cave City and Mammoth Cave.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These claims are disputed, as, according to Katie Cielinski, a local cave expert, "If every cave that claims Jesse James had been there (was valid), Jesse James would never have been on the surface."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely these legends are based on the ample evidence that the Kentucky cave system played host to outlaw camps in general.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota#Defeat_of_Jesse_James_Days_Celebration" title="Northfield, Minnesota">The Defeat of Jesse James Days</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota" title="Northfield, Minnesota">Northfield, Minnesota</a>, is among the largest outdoor celebrations in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is held annually in September during the weekend after Labor Day. Thousands of visitors watch reenactments of the robbery, a championship <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a>, performances of a 19th-century style <a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodrama</a> musical, and a <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parade</a> during the five-day event.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesse James's boyhood home in Kearney, Missouri, is operated as a museum dedicated to the town's most famous resident. Each year a recreational fair, the Jesse James Festival, is held during the third weekend in September.<sup id="cite_ref-Jesse_James_Festival._90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jesse_James_Festival.-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual Victorian Festival in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_County,_Illinois" title="Jersey County, Illinois">Jersey County, Illinois</a>, is held on Labor Day weekend<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the 1866 Col. William H. Fulkerson estate <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Dell,_Illinois" title="Hazel Dell, Illinois">Hazel Dell</a>. Festivities include telling Jesse James's history in stories and by reenactments of <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a> holdups. Over the three-day event, thousands of spectators learn of the documented James Gang's stopover at Hazel Dell and of their connection with ex-Confederate Fulkerson. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Russellville,_Kentucky" title="Russellville, Kentucky">Russellville, Kentucky</a>, the site of the robbery of the Southern Bank in 1868, holds a reenactment of the robbery every year as of the Logan County Tobacco and Heritage Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The small town of <a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_West_Carroll_Parish,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana">Oak Grove, Louisiana</a>, also hosts a town-wide annual Jesse James Outlaw Roundup Festival, usually in the early to mid autumn. This is a reference to a short time James supposedly spent near this area.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pineville,_Missouri" title="Pineville, Missouri">Pineville, Missouri</a> and surrounding areas in <a href="/wiki/McDonald_County,_Missouri" title="McDonald County, Missouri">McDonald County</a> (including the courthouse square and the nearby <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdh.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/jjamesozark/id/29/">Salt Peter cave</a>) were host to the filming of the 1939 American <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> film <i>Jesse James</i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kelly" title="Nancy Kelly">Nancy Kelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Scott" title="Randolph Scott">Randolph Scott</a>. Written by <a href="/wiki/Nunnally_Johnson" title="Nunnally Johnson">Nunnally Johnson</a>, the supporting cast includes <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hull" title="Henry Hull">Henry Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Carradine" title="John Carradine">John Carradine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Donlevy" title="Brian Donlevy">Brian Donlevy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Darwell" title="Jane Darwell">Jane Darwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney_Jr." title="Lon Chaney Jr.">Lon Chaney Jr.</a>. The courthouse square in Pineville, a paved thoroughfare, was covered with 400 truck loads of dirt, fake façades were built onto all the buildings on the square and every trace of modern civilization was removed from those buildings to turn back seventy years of time to provide the proper James gang setting. There were many people from the area that were hired for “Extras”. Every fall, to celebrate the movie being made here, we have Jesse James Days, which consists of Arts and craft booths set up around the old Square, a cook shack, a Frisbee throw nightly for the kids (which will have prizes attached to them), a Parade, a B-B-Q Chicken Dinner, nightly Music, and many, many more events that are too numerous to mention. The money that is raised goes to the Pineville Fire Auxiliary to operate on for the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Jesse_James" title="Cultural depictions of Jesse James">Cultural depictions of Jesse James</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-seattle_times-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seattle_times_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seattle_times_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seattle_times_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHayworth2007" class="citation news cs1">Hayworth, Wil (September 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229061215/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/living/2003885037_jessejames17.html">"A story of myth, fame, Jesse James"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/living/2003885037_jessejames17.html">the original</a> on December 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=A+story+of+myth%2C+fame%2C+Jesse+James&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.aulast=Hayworth&rft.aufirst=Wil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattletimes.nwsource.com%2Fhtml%2Fliving%2F2003885037_jessejames17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stiles_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stiles_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stiles_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurlingame2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Burlingame" title="Jeff Burlingame">Burlingame, Jeff</a> (March 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1SbAM-N0yUC&pg=PA12"><i>Jesse James: I Will Never Surrender</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Enslow_Publishers,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Enslow Publishers, Inc.">Enslow Publishers, Inc.</a> p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780766033535" title="Special:BookSources/9780766033535"><bdi>9780766033535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+I+Will+Never+Surrender&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Enslow+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft.isbn=9780766033535&rft.aulast=Burlingame&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ1SbAM-N0yUC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-name_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettle1977" class="citation book cs1">Settle, William A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHhY4qAvdcC"><i>Jesse James Was His Name, or, Fact and Fiction Concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 7, 12, 16, 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-5860-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-5860-7"><bdi>0-8032-5860-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Was+His+Name%2C+or%2C+Fact+and+Fiction+Concerning+the+Careers+of+the+Notorious+James+Brothers+of+Missouri&rft.pages=7%2C+12%2C+16%2C+26&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8032-5860-7&rft.aulast=Settle&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHhY4qAvdcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles23-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles23_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman26-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yeatman26_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeatman26_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles26-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stiles26_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stiles26_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles37-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles37_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">37–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurt1992" class="citation book cs1">Hurt, R. Douglas (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pVSdAQAACAAJ"><i>Agriculture and Slavery in Missouri's Little Dixie</i></a>. University of Missouri Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-0854-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-0854-1"><bdi>0-8262-0854-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agriculture+and+Slavery+in+Missouri%27s+Little+Dixie&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8262-0854-1&rft.aulast=Hurt&rft.aufirst=R.+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpVSdAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFellman1990" class="citation book cs1">Fellman, Michael (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LldHnF7CB3kC"><i>Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri onto the American Civil War</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-506471-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-506471-2"><bdi>0-19-506471-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+War%3A+The+Guerrilla+Conflict+in+Missouri+onto+the+American+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-19-506471-2&rft.aulast=Fellman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLldHnF7CB3kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SS3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SS3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SS3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SS3_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SS3_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2013" class="citation web cs1">Andrews, Dale C (June 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sleuthsayers.org/2013/06/jesse-james-and-meramec-caverns-another_18.html">"Jesse James and Meramec Caverns"</a>. <i>Route 66</i>. Washington: SleuthSayers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Route+66&rft.atitle=Jesse+James+and+Meramec+Caverns&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Dale+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sleuthsayers.org%2F2013%2F06%2Fjesse-james-and-meramec-caverns-another_18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman30-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman30_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">30–</span>45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles6184-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles6184_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>2, <span class="nowrap">84–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E2%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E84-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-settle-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-settle_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-settle_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-settle_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-settle_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-settle_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-settle_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettle1977" class="citation book cs1">Settle, William A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHhY4qAvdcC"><i>Jesse James Was His Name</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">28–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0"><bdi>978-0-8032-5860-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Was+His+Name&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-5860-0&rft.aulast=Settle&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHhY4qAvdcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-settle140-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-settle140_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettle1977" class="citation book cs1">Settle, William A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHhY4qAvdcC"><i>Jesse James Was His Name</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">140–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0"><bdi>978-0-8032-5860-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Was+His+Name&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-5860-0&rft.aulast=Settle&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHhY4qAvdcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman48-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman48_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">48–</span>58, <span class="nowrap">62–</span>3, <span class="nowrap">72–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E58%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E3%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E72-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stilesmulti-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stilesmulti_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">100–</span>11, <span class="nowrap">121–</span>3, <span class="nowrap">136–</span>7, <span class="nowrap">140–</span>1, <span class="nowrap">150–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E11%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E3%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E136-%3C%2Fspan%3E7%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E1%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E150-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish1965" class="citation book cs1">Parrish, William E. (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missouriunderrad0000parr"><i>Missouri Under Radical Rule, 1865–1870</i></a></span>. University of Missouri Press. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0014QRLJC">B0014QRLJC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missouri+Under+Radical+Rule%2C+1865%E2%80%931870&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0014QRLJC%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmissouriunderrad0000parr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles149-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles149_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">149–</span>67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211021610/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/james/peopleevents/e_banks.html">"PBS.org Jesse James Bank Robberies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/james/peopleevents/e_banks.html">the original</a> on February 11, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=PBS.org+Jesse+James+Bank+Robberies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fjames%2Fpeopleevents%2Fe_banks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles168-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stiles168_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stiles168_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">168–</span>75, <span class="nowrap">179–</span>87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E75%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E87&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman83-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yeatman83_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeatman83_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">83–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odmp.org/officer/2462-jailer-henry-bugler">"Jailer Henry Bugler, Jackson County Sheriff's Office, Missouri"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jailer+Henry+Bugler%2C+Jackson+County+Sheriff%27s+Office%2C+Missouri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F2462-jailer-henry-bugler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles173-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles173_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles238-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles238_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odmp.org/officer/5742-deputy-sheriff-frank-s.-griffin">"Deputy Sheriff Frank S. Griffin, Ray County Sheriff's Department"</a>. Officer Down Memorial Page<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deputy+Sheriff+Frank+S.+Griffin%2C+Ray+County+Sheriff%27s+Department&rft.pub=Officer+Down+Memorial+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F5742-deputy-sheriff-frank-s.-griffin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles192-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles192_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">192–</span>95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E192-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman91-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman91_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles190-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles190_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">190–</span>206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E190-%3C%2Fspan%3E206&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-settle32-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-settle32_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-settle32_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettle1977" class="citation book cs1">Settle, William A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHhY4qAvdcC"><i>Jesse James Was His Name, or, Fact and Fiction Concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-5860-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-5860-7"><bdi>0-8032-5860-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Was+His+Name%2C+or%2C+Fact+and+Fiction+Concerning+the+Careers+of+the+Notorious+James+Brothers+of+Missouri&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8032-5860-7&rft.aulast=Settle&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHhY4qAvdcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daviess_county-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-daviess_county_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-daviess_county_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201012052/http://www.daviesscountyhistoricalsociety.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=347">"Civil lawsuit against Frank & Jesse James"</a>. Daviess County Historical Society. August 30, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daviesscountyhistoricalsociety.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=347">the original</a> on February 1, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Civil+lawsuit+against+Frank+%26+Jesse+James&rft.date=2007-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daviesscountyhistoricalsociety.com%2Fmodules.php%3Fop%3Dmodload%26name%3DNews%26file%3Darticle%26sid%3D347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMissouri_State_Archives" class="citation web cs1">Missouri State Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/jessejames">"Frank and Jesse James Court Documents from Daviess County"</a>. <i>Missouri Digital Heritage</i>. Missouri Office of the Secretary of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Missouri+Digital+Heritage&rft.atitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James+Court+Documents+from+Daviess+County&rft.au=Missouri+State+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fcdm%2Flandingpage%2Fcollection%2Fjessejames&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles207-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stiles207_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stiles207_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">207–</span>48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Old Campsite of Jesse and Frank James: US 380, approximately 5 miles east of Decatur: Texas marker #3700 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us">Texas Historical Commission</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles236-238-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles236-238_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">236–</span>238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E236-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190126113121/https://www.sonofabandit.com/"><i>Monaco, Ralph A., II (2012). </i>Son Of A Bandit, Jesse James & The Leeds Gang<i>, Monaco Publishing, L.L.C.</i></a> Sonofabandit.com. 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0578104263" title="Special:BookSources/978-0578104263"><bdi>978-0578104263</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonofabandit.com/">the original</a> on January 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monaco%2C+Ralph+A.%2C+II+%282012%29.+Son+Of+A+Bandit%2C+Jesse+James+%26+The+Leeds+Gang%2C+Monaco+Publishing%2C+L.L.C.&rft.pub=Sonofabandit.com&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0578104263&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonofabandit.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229215941/http://www.ericjames.org/AmericanOutlaws/page2.html">"Original reference: Los Angeles Times, Orange County Edition, August 25, 2001, Page F2"</a>. Ericjames.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericjames.org/AmericanOutlaws/page2.html">the original</a> on February 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Original+reference%3A+Los+Angeles+Times%2C+Orange+County+Edition%2C+August+25%2C+2001%2C+Page+F2&rft.pub=Ericjames.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericjames.org%2FAmericanOutlaws%2Fpage2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman111-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman111_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">111–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles249-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles249_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman128-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman128_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">128–</span>44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles272-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles272_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. 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Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">272–</span>85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E272-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-settle76-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-settle76_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettle1977" class="citation book cs1">Settle, William A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHhY4qAvdcC"><i>Jesse James Was His Name</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">76–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0"><bdi>978-0-8032-5860-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Was+His+Name&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-5860-0&rft.aulast=Settle&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHhY4qAvdcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman286-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman286_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">286–</span>305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E286-%3C%2Fspan%3E305&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-st._joseph-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-st._joseph_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124034733/http://ci.st-joseph.mo.us/history/jessejames.cfm">"St. Joseph History — Jesse James"</a>. St. Joseph, Missouri. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.st-joseph.mo.us/history/jessejames.cfm">the original</a> on January 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Joseph+History+%E2%80%94+Jesse+James&rft.pub=St.+Joseph%2C+Missouri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.st-joseph.mo.us%2Fhistory%2Fjessejames.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles324-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles324_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T. J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">324–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E324-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00861.xml">"An Inventory of the Northfield (Minnesota) Bank Robbery of 1876: Selected Manuscripts Collection"</a>. 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Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">169–</span>86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E86&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles326-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles326_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">326–</span>47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E326-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9802EEDE113EE433A2575AC1A9659C94639FD7CF">"Skillful Detective Work; Another of the James Gang Captured in Missouri"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 19, 1889.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Skillful+Detective+Work%3B+Another+of+the+James+Gang+Captured+in+Missouri&rft.date=1889-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9802EEDE113EE433A2575AC1A9659C94639FD7CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/madison/bios/snyderjb.txt">"Jefferson B. 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Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">193–</span>270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles351-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles351_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">351–</span>73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E351-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-la_times-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-la_times_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-la_times_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-la_times_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2007" class="citation news cs1">King, Susan (September 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-sep-17-et-weekmovie17-story.html">"One more shot at the legend of Jesse James"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=One+more+shot+at+the+legend+of+Jesse+James&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2007-sep-17-et-weekmovie17-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanes" class="citation web cs1">Hanes, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/jesse-james-wanted-poster-goes-up-for-auction">"Jesse James Wanted Poster Goes Up for Auction"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. A&E Television Networks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=Jesse+James+Wanted+Poster+Goes+Up+for+Auction&rft.aulast=Hanes&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fjesse-james-wanted-poster-goes-up-for-auction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDove2013" class="citation web cs1">Dove, Laurie L. (May 31, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/10-history-notorious-traitors4.htm">"10 of History's Most Notorious Traitors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/InfoSpace" title="InfoSpace">InfoSpace</a> Holdings LLC. System1 Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HowStuffWorks&rft.atitle=10+of+History%27s+Most+Notorious+Traitors&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft.aulast=Dove&rft.aufirst=Laurie+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.howstuffworks.com%2Fhistorical-figures%2F10-history-notorious-traitors4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B01E1DE173DE533A25757C0A9629C94639FD7CF">"Jesse James Shot Down. Killed By One Of His Confederates Who Claims To Be A Detective"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. April 4, 1882<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2008</span>. <q>A great sensation was erected in this city this morning by the announcement that Jesse James, the notorious bandit and train-robber, had been shot and killed here. The news spread with great rapidity, but most persons received it with doubts until investigation established the fact beyond question.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jesse+James+Shot+Down.+Killed+By+One+Of+His+Confederates+Who+Claims+To+Be+A+Detective&rft.date=1882-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9B01E1DE173DE533A25757C0A9629C94639FD7CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles363-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles363_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">363–</span>75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E363-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman264-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman264_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">264–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E264-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D04E3DB113EE433A2575BC1A9629C94639FD7CF">"Jesse James's Murderers. The Ford Brothers Indicted, Plead Guilty, Sentenced To Be Hanged, And Pardoned All In One Day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. April 18, 1882<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jesse+James%27s+Murderers.+The+Ford+Brothers+Indicted%2C+Plead+Guilty%2C+Sentenced+To+Be+Hanged%2C+And+Pardoned+All+In+One+Day&rft.date=1882-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9D04E3DB113EE433A2575BC1A9629C94639FD7CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles376-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stiles376_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stiles376_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">376–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E376-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeatman270-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeatman270_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman2000" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WlW39O8-UC"><i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i></a>. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">270–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8"><bdi>1-58182-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+and+Jesse+James%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E270-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58182-325-8&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Ted+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WlW39O8-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-settle117-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-settle117_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettle1977" class="citation book cs1">Settle, William A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHhY4qAvdcC"><i>Jesse James Was His Name</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0"><bdi>978-0-8032-5860-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Was+His+Name&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-5860-0&rft.aulast=Settle&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHhY4qAvdcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=18910310&id=BKJXAAAAIBAJ&pg=6758,2512179">"Feared by Jesse James"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">Spokane Daily Chronicle</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. March 10, 1891. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spokane+Daily+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Feared+by+Jesse+James&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1891-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1338%26dat%3D18910310%26id%3DBKJXAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6758%2C2512179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stiles378-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stiles378_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Stiles, T.J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAINAAAACAAJ"><i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i></a>. Knopf Publishing. pp. 378, <span class="nowrap">395–</span>95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6"><bdi>0-375-40583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James%3A+Last+Rebel+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=378%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E395-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=Knopf+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-40583-6&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAINAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stiles</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRies1994" class="citation book cs1">Ries, Judith (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B5B9AAAACAAJ"><i>Ed O'Kelley: The Man Who Murdered Jesse James' Murderer</i></a>. Stewart Printing and Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934426-61-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-934426-61-9"><bdi>0-934426-61-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ed+O%27Kelley%3A+The+Man+Who+Murdered+Jesse+James%27+Murderer&rft.pub=Stewart+Printing+and+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-934426-61-9&rft.aulast=Ries&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB5B9AAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoneStarrsStoneking2001" class="citation journal cs1">Stone, A. C.; Starrs, J. E.; Stoneking, M. (2001). "Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the presumptive remains of Jesse James". <i>Journal of Forensic Sciences</i>. <b>46</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">173–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2FJFS14932J">10.1520/JFS14932J</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11210907">11210907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forensic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+analysis+of+the+presumptive+remains+of+Jesse+James&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2FJFS14932J&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11210907&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=A.+C.&rft.au=Starrs%2C+J.+E.&rft.au=Stoneking%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeaf_Blower2010" class="citation web cs1">Leaf Blower (April 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418132644/http://ericjames.org/wordpress/2010/04/02/james-younger-gang-journal-pans-jesse-james-hidden-treasure/">"<i>James-Younger Gang Journal</i> pans <i>Jesse James' Hidden Treasure</i>"</a>. Ericjames.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ericjames.org/wordpress/2010/04/02/james-younger-gang-journal-pans-jesse-james-hidden-treasure/">the original</a> on April 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James-Younger+Gang+Journal+pans+Jesse+James%27+Hidden+Treasure&rft.pub=Ericjames.org&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft.au=Leaf+Blower&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fericjames.org%2Fwordpress%2F2010%2F04%2F02%2Fjames-younger-gang-journal-pans-jesse-james-hidden-treasure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKross2015" class="citation book cs1">Kross, Peter (November 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OYpXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46"><i>American Conspiracy Files: The Stories We Were Never Told</i></a>. SCB Distributors. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781939149619" title="Special:BookSources/9781939149619"><bdi>9781939149619</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Conspiracy+Files%3A+The+Stories+We+Were+Never+Told&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=SCB+Distributors&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.isbn=9781939149619&rft.aulast=Kross&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOYpXDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaltarelli2009" class="citation book cs1">Saltarelli, Mary Estelle Gott (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i1a2XOwzqIQC&pg=PA60"><i>Historic Hood County: An Illustrated History</i></a>. HPN Books. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781935377085" title="Special:BookSources/9781935377085"><bdi>9781935377085</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Hood+County%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=HPN+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781935377085&rft.aulast=Saltarelli&rft.aufirst=Mary+Estelle+Gott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di1a2XOwzqIQC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lies-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lies_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1998" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Dale L. (November 15, 1998). <i>Legends and Lies: Great Mysteries of the American West</i>. Forge Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">87–</span>110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-86848-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-86848-0"><bdi>0-312-86848-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legends+and+Lies%3A+Great+Mysteries+of+the+American+West&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E110&rft.pub=Forge+Books&rft.date=1998-11-15&rft.isbn=0-312-86848-0&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Dale+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunfighter128-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gunfighter128_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotkin1998" class="citation book cs1">Slotkin, Richard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XOsW7YwJ4C"><i>Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8"><bdi>0-8061-3031-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunfighter+Nation%3A+The+Myth+of+the+Frontier+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8061-3031-8&rft.aulast=Slotkin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-9XOsW7YwJ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunfighter136-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gunfighter136_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunfighter136_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotkin1998" class="citation book cs1">Slotkin, Richard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XOsW7YwJ4C"><i>Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">134–</span>136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8"><bdi>0-8061-3031-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunfighter+Nation%3A+The+Myth+of+the+Frontier+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E134-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8061-3031-8&rft.aulast=Slotkin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-9XOsW7YwJ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunfighter382-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gunfighter382_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotkin1998" class="citation book cs1">Slotkin, Richard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XOsW7YwJ4C"><i>Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">381–</span>382. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8"><bdi>0-8061-3031-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunfighter+Nation%3A+The+Myth+of+the+Frontier+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E381-%3C%2Fspan%3E382&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8061-3031-8&rft.aulast=Slotkin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-9XOsW7YwJ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunfighter155-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gunfighter155_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotkin1998" class="citation book cs1">Slotkin, Richard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XOsW7YwJ4C"><i>Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">125–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3031-8"><bdi>0-8061-3031-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunfighter+Nation%3A+The+Myth+of+the+Frontier+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8061-3031-8&rft.aulast=Slotkin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-9XOsW7YwJ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-settle149-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-settle149_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettle1977" class="citation book cs1">Settle, William A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHhY4qAvdcC"><i>Jesse James Was His Name</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">149–</span>201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5860-0"><bdi>978-0-8032-5860-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Was+His+Name&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-5860-0&rft.aulast=Settle&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHhY4qAvdcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jessejames.org/">"Friends of the James Farm"</a>. Jessejames.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friends+of+the+James+Farm&rft.pub=Jessejames.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jessejames.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. July 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.st-joseph.mo.us/history/jameshome.cfm">"St. Joseph History – Jesse James Home"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426092645/http://www.ci.st-joseph.mo.us/history/jameshome.cfm">Archived</a> April 26, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, City of St. Joseph, Missouri</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311135451/http://www.claycountymo.gov/Historic_Sites/Jesse_James_Bank_Museum">"Jesse James Bank Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.claycountymo.gov/Historic_Sites/Jesse_James_Bank_Museum">the original</a> on March 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Bank+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.claycountymo.gov%2FHistoric_Sites%2FJesse_James_Bank_Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northfieldhistory.org/bank-site">"Bank Site."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121191804/http://northfieldhistory.org/bank-site/">Archived</a> November 21, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Northfield Historical Society</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1st-stop-county-kerry.com/Asdee.html">"Asdee—where Jesse James's ancestors originated—County Kerry, Ireland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626230527/http://www.1st-stop-county-kerry.com/Asdee.html">Archived</a> June 26, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1st Stop County Kerry, accessed June 20, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steele, Philip W. "Jesse and Frank James: The Family History". Pelican Publishing, 1987, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=agfvVQnBu9MC&q=Ireland+and+the+Americas:+Culture,+Politics,+and+History+:+a+Multidisciplinary+Encyclopedia,+Volume+2"><i>Ireland and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia,</i> Volume 2</a>, edited by: James Patrick Byrne, Philip Coleman, Jason Francis King, pp. 475–476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802103133/https://history.ky.gov/event/kentucky-225-years-move/">"Kentucky: 225 Years on the Move"</a>. <i>Kentucky Historical Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.ky.gov/event/kentucky-225-years-move/">the original</a> on August 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kentucky+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Kentucky%3A+225+Years+on+the+Move&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.ky.gov%2Fevent%2Fkentucky-225-years-move%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912002613/https://www.nps.gov/maca/learn/historyculture/gettingthereishalfthefun.htm">"Getting There is Half the Fun - Mammoth Cave National Park"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/maca/learn/historyculture/gettingthereishalfthefun.htm">the original</a> on September 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Getting+There+is+Half+the+Fun+-+Mammoth+Cave+National+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fmaca%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fgettingthereishalfthefun.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSWIETEK2016" class="citation web cs1">SWIETEK, WES (April 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgdailynews.com/news/lost-river-has-unique-history-role-as-urban-oasis/article_8bc6e351-d582-5e49-874c-bcc1df112aae.html">"Lost River has unique history, role as 'urban oasis'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Bowling Green Daily News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bowling+Green+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Lost+River+has+unique+history%2C+role+as+%27urban+oasis%27&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft.aulast=SWIETEK&rft.aufirst=WES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgdailynews.com%2Fnews%2Flost-river-has-unique-history-role-as-urban-oasis%2Farticle_8bc6e351-d582-5e49-874c-bcc1df112aae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrison1998" class="citation book cs1">Garrison, Webb (November 3, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vtCqmx7U7bEC&pg=PT42"><i>A Treasury of Minnesota Tales: Unusual, Interesting, and Little-Known Stories of Minnesota</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_(publisher)" title="Thomas Nelson (publisher)">Thomas Nelson</a>. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781418530624" title="Special:BookSources/9781418530624"><bdi>9781418530624</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treasury+of+Minnesota+Tales%3A+Unusual%2C+Interesting%2C+and+Little-Known+Stories+of+Minnesota&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=1998-11-03&rft.isbn=9781418530624&rft.aulast=Garrison&rft.aufirst=Webb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvtCqmx7U7bEC%26pg%3DPT42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.djjd.org/">"Defeat of Jesse James Days"</a>. Djjd.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defeat+of+Jesse+James+Days.&rft.pub=Djjd.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.djjd.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesse_James_Festival.-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jesse_James_Festival._90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jessejamesfestival.com">"Jesse James Festival."</a> JesseJamesFestival.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatriverroad.com/vicfest.htm">"Jersey County Victorian Festival."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029174455/http://www.greatriverroad.com/vicfest.htm">Archived</a> October 29, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> GreatRiverRoad.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206140145/http://loganchamber.com/tobacco-heritage-festival">"Logan County Tobacco & Heritage Festival 2017"</a>. Logan County Chamber of Commerce. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loganchamber.com/tobacco-heritage-festival">the original</a> on December 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Logan+County+Tobacco+%26+Heritage+Festival+2017&rft.pub=Logan+County+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floganchamber.com%2Ftobacco-heritage-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/186831888047782">Jesse James Outlaw Roundup Festival</a> on <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (identifier)">Facebook</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pinevillemo.us/attractions/annual-events/jesse-james-days/">"Jesse James Days"</a>. pinevillemo.us<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesse+James+Days.&rft.pub=pinevillemo.us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpinevillemo.us%2Fattractions%2Fannual-events%2Fjesse-james-days%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesse+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Fellman, Michael. <i>Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri onto the American Civil War</i>. Oxford University Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-506471-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-506471-2">0-19-506471-2</a>.</li> <li>Settle, William A. <i>Jesse James Was His Name, or, Fact and Fiction Concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri'. University of Nebraska Press, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-5860-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-5860-7">0-8032-5860-7</a>.</i></li> <li>Stiles, T. J. <i>Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War</i>. Knopf Publishing, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40583-6">0-375-40583-6</a>.</li> <li>Yeatman, Ted P. <i>Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend</i>. Cumberland House Publishing, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-325-8">1-58182-325-8</a>.</li> <li>Quist, B. Wayne, <i>The History of the Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church of Millersburg, Minnesota</i>, Dundas, Minnesota, Third Edition, July 2009, page 19–23, <i>The Murder of Nicholaus Gustafson</i>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Dyer, Robert. "Jesse James and the Civil War in Missouri,"<a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_Press" title="University of Missouri Press">University of Missouri Press</a>, 1994</li> <li>Hobsbawm, Eric J. <i>Bandits</i>, Pantheon, 1981</li> <li>Koblas, John J. <i>Faithful Unto Death</i>, Northfield Historical Society Press, 2001</li> <li>Smith, Carter F. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z0IyDwAAQBAJ&q=Gangs+and+the+Military%3A+Gangsters%2C+Bikers%2C+and+Terrorists+with+Military+Training">Gangs and the Military: Gangsters, Bikers, and Terrorists with Military Training</a></i>. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.</li> <li>Thelen, David. <i>Paths of Resistance: Tradition and Dignity in Industrializing Missouri</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1986</li> <li>Wellman, Paul I. <i>A Dynasty of Western Outlaws</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>, 1961; 1986.</li> <li>White, Richard. "Outlaw Gangs of the Middle Border: American Social Bandits," <i><a href="/wiki/Western_Historical_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Historical Quarterly">Western Historical Quarterly</a></i> 12, no. 4 (October 1981)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jesse_James" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jesse James">Jesse James</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a 1920 <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i> article about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/James,_Jesse_W." class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/James, Jesse W.">Jesse James</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tjstiles.com/bio.htm">Primary sources and essays by Jesse James biographer T. J. Stiles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericjames.org/">Official website for the Family of Jesse James</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228205815/http://ericjames.org/">Archived</a> February 28, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913141816/http://celebritymorgue.com/jesse-james/">Death pics Jesse James</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/Jesse%20James">FBI Records: The Vault - Jesse James</a> at fbi.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110222091300/http://www.startribune.com/blogs/oldnews/archives/103">A 1901 newspaper interview with the Younger brothers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awesomestories.com/flicks/jesse-james/robert-ford-kills-jesse-james">Death of Jesse James with pictures from the National Archives and Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170511044853/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0000001/">Jesse James</a> on <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_frontier480" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_frontier" title="Template:American frontier"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_frontier" title="Template talk:American frontier"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_frontier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American frontier"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_frontier480" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1776 to 1912</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikara" title="Arikara">Arikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Assiniboine (Nakota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuse_people" title="Cayuse people">Cayuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinookan_peoples" title="Chinookan peoples">Chinook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_people" title="Crow people">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes" title="Five Civilized Tribes">Five Civilized Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidatsa" title="Hidatsa">Hidatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutenai" title="Kutenai">Kutenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape (Delaware)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandan" title="Mandan">Mandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricopa_people" title="Maricopa people">Maricopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_people" title="Modoc people">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce" title="Nez Perce">Nez Perce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute_people" title="Northern Paiute people">Northern Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth" title="Nuu-chah-nulth">Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe (Chippewa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pend_d%27Oreilles" title="Pend d'Oreilles">Pend d'Oreilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequots" title="Pequots">Pequots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Paiute_people" title="Southern Paiute people">Southern Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpqua_people" title="Umpqua people">Umpqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washoe_people" title="Washoe people">Washoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakama" title="Yakama">Yakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavapai" title="Yavapai">Yavapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Yuma (Quechan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonga_Black_Hawk" title="Antonga Black Hawk">Black Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Kettle" title="Black Kettle">Black Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Knife" title="Bloody Knife">Bloody Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Joseph" title="Chief Joseph">Chief Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochise" title="Cochise">Cochise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_Watie" title="Stand Watie">Degataga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Porter" title="Pleasant Porter">Crazy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Horse" title="Crazy Horse">Crazy Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitto_Harjo" title="Chitto Harjo">Crazy Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangas_Coloradas" title="Mangas Coloradas">Dasoda-hae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Ridge" title="Major Ridge">Ganundalegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irataba" title="Irataba">Irataba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Wright" title="Allen Wright">Kiliahote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuelito" title="Manuelito">Manuelito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massai" title="Massai">Massai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenty_Coups" title="Plenty Coups">Plenty Coups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanah_Parker" title="Quanah Parker">Quanah Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cloud" title="Red Cloud">Red Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Seattle" title="Chief Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull">Sitting Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Smallwood" title="Benjamin Franklin Smallwood">Smallwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pitchlynn" title="Peter Pitchlynn">Snapping Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bear" title="Standing Bear">Standing Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Bears" title="Ten Bears">Ten Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_the_Clouds" title="Touch the Clouds">Touch the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(chief)" title="Tuba (chief)">Tuvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorio" title="Victorio">Victorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washakie" title="Washakie">Washakie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers<br />and <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">pioneers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bozeman" title="John Bozeman">John Bozeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridger" title="Jim Bridger">Jim Bridger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_V%C3%A9lez_Cachup%C3%ADn" title="Tomás Vélez Cachupín">Tomás Vélez Cachupín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clark" title="William Clark">William Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donner_Party" title="Donner Party">Donner Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver-Eating_Johnson" title="Liver-Eating Johnson">Liver-Eating Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mayer" title="Joe Mayer">Joe Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Murphy" title="William John Murphy">William John Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Powell" title="John Wesley Powell">John Wesley Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rivera_(explorer)" title="Juan Rivera (explorer)">Juan Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Ruggles" title="Levi Ruggles">Levi Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_Smith" title="Jedediah Smith">Jedediah Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Swilling" title="Jack Swilling">Jack Swilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Swilling" title="Trinidad Swilling">Trinidad Swilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ora_Rush_Weed" title="Ora Rush Weed">Ora Rush Weed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richens_Lacey_Wootton" title="Richens Lacey Wootton">Richens Lacey Wootton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wickenburg" title="Henry Wickenburg">Henry Wickenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bill_Williams" title="Old Bill Williams">"Old Bill" Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elfego_Baca" title="Elfego Baca">Elfego Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Bassett" title="Charlie Bassett">Charlie Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Bean" title="Roy Bean">Roy Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Earp" title="Morgan Earp">Morgan Earp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Earp" title="Virgil Earp">Virgil Earp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp">Wyatt Earp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Garfias" title="Henry Garfias">Henry Garfias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Garrett" title="Pat Garrett">Pat Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Helm" title="Jack Helm">Jack Helm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok" title="Wild Bill Hickok">"Wild Bill" Hickok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Masterson" title="Bat Masterson">Bat Masterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Dave_Mather" title="Mysterious Dave Mather">"Mysterious Dave" Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_Reeves" title="Bass Reeves">Bass Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Scarborough_(cowboy)" title="George Scarborough (cowboy)">George Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Selman" title="John Selman">John Selman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Horton_Slaughter" title="John Horton Slaughter">John Horton Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Tilghman" title="Bill Tilghman">William "Bill" Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Timberlake" title="James Timberlake">James Timberlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_C._Wheeler" title="Harry C. Wheeler">Harry C. Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outlaws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Kid" title="Billy the Kid">Billy the Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bart_(outlaw)" title="Black Bart (outlaw)">Black Bart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brocius" title="William Brocius">"Curly Bill" Brocius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy" title="Butch Cassidy">Butch Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Clanton" title="Billy Clanton">Billy Clanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Clanton" title="Ike Clanton">Ike Clanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Gang" title="Dalton Gang">Dalton Brothers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grat_Dalton" title="Grat Dalton">Grat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_M._Dalton" title="William M. Dalton">Bill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dalton" title="Bob Dalton">Bob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Dalton" title="Emmett Dalton">Emmett</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Doolin" title="Bill Doolin">Bill Doolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Downing" title="Bill Downing">Bill Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Hardin" title="John Wesley Hardin">John Wesley Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ringo" title="Johnny Ringo">Johnny Ringo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jesse James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ketchum" title="Tom Ketchum">Tom Ketchum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLaury" title="Frank McLaury">Frank McLaury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McLaury" title="Tom McLaury">Tom McLaury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Murrieta" title="Joaquin Murrieta">Joaquin Murrieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Starr" title="Belle Starr">Belle Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soapy_Smith" title="Soapy Smith">Soapy Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundance_Kid" title="Sundance Kid">Sundance Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James-Younger_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="James-Younger Gang">Younger Brothers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cole_Younger" title="Cole Younger">Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Younger" title="Bob Younger">Bob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Younger" title="Jim Younger">Jim</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Younger" title="John Younger">John</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soldiers<br />and scouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Russell_Burnham" title="Frederick Russell Burnham">Frederick Russell Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson" title="Kit Carson">Kit Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bill" title="Buffalo Bill">"Buffalo Bill" Cody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Jack_Omohundro" title="Texas Jack Omohundro">Texas Jack Omohundro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Cooney" title="James C. Cooney">James C. Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Crook" title="George Crook">George Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Godey" title="Alexis Godey">Alexis Godey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Heintzelman" title="Samuel P. Heintzelman">Samuel P. Heintzelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Horn" title="Tom Horn">Tom Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamity_Jane" title="Calamity Jane">Calamity Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Kelly" title="Luther Kelly">Luther Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranald_S._Mackenzie" title="Ranald S. Mackenzie">Ranald S. Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Reynolds" title="Charley Reynolds">Charley Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sieber" title="Al Sieber">Al Sieber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Boring" title="William H. Boring">William H. Boring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_R._Davis" title="Jonathan R. Davis">Jonathan R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Flavel" title="George Flavel">George Flavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Fly" title="C. S. Fly">C. S. Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joel_Glanton" title="John Joel Glanton">John Joel Glanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Goodfellow" title="George E. Goodfellow">George E. Goodfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Holliday" title="Doc Holliday">Doc Holliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah_Kingsley" title="Zephaniah Kingsley">Zephaniah Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Kinman" title="Seth Kinman">Seth Kinman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octaviano_Ambrosio_Larrazolo" title="Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo">Octaviano Larrazolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Love" title="Nat Love">Nat Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Mowry" title="Sylvester Mowry">Sylvester Mowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Norton" title="Emperor Norton">Emperor Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedona_Schnebly" title="Sedona Schnebly">Sedona Schnebly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Sweeny" title="Thomas William Sweeny">Thomas William Sweeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lebeck" title="Peter Lebeck">Peter Lebeck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Western lifestyle">Frontier culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">Barbed wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Hill" title="Boot Hill">Boot Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives_in_the_United_States" title="Cattle drives in the United States">Cattle drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_poetry" title="Cowboy poetry">Cowboy poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding" title="Cattle raiding">Cattle rustling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle towns">Cow town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_draw" title="Fast draw">Fast draw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter#Famous_gunfights" title="Gunfighter">Gunfights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homesteading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_run" title="Land run">Land rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room schoolhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Rendezvous" title="Rocky Mountain Rendezvous">Rocky Mountain Rendezvous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">Stagecoach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_robbery" title="Train robbery">Train robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilantism" title="Vigilantism">Vigilante justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_saloon" title="Western saloon">Western saloon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tack_piano" title="Tack piano">Tack piano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Westward expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_West_shows" title="Wild West shows">Wild West shows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport<br />and trails</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barlow_Road" title="Barlow Road">Barlow Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozeman_Trail" title="Bozeman Trail">Bozeman Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Overland_Mail" title="Butterfield Overland Mail">Butterfield Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisholm_Trail" title="Chisholm Trail">Chisholm Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Platte_River_Road" title="Great Platte River Road">Great Platte River Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Cattle_Trail" title="Great Western Cattle Trail">Great Western Cattle Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Pass_(Oregon)" title="Lolo Pass (Oregon)">Lolo Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meek_Cutoff" title="Meek Cutoff">Meek Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Emigrant_Trail" title="Southern Emigrant Trail">Southern Emigrant Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner_Trail" title="Tanner Trail">Tanner Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">First transcontinental railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man%27s_hand" title="Dead man's hand">Dead man's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_novel" title="Dime novel">Dime novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(folklore)" title="John Henry (folklore)">John Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Kaw" title="Johnny Kaw">Johnny Kaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Tom%27s_treasure" title="Long Tom's treasure">Long Tom's treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Dutchman%27s_Gold_Mine" title="Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine">Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Ship_of_the_Desert" title="Lost Ship of the Desert">Lost Ship of the Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montezuma%27s_treasure" title="Montezuma's treasure">Montezuma's treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bunyan" title="Paul Bunyan">Paul Bunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Bill" title="Pecos Bill">Pecos Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Cities_of_Gold" title="Seven Cities of Gold">Seven Cities of Gold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">Gold rushes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hills Gold Rush">Black Hills Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Gulch_and_Diamond_City" title="Confederate Gulch and Diamond City">Confederate Gulch and Diamond City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike's Peak Gold Rush">Pike's Peak Gold Rush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gunfights" title="List of Old West gunfights">Gunfights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Gang#Coffeyville_bank_robbery" title="Dalton Gang">Battle of Coffeyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lincoln_(1878)" title="Battle of Lincoln (1878)">Battle of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisco_shootout" title="Frisco shootout">Frisco shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral" title="Gunfight at the O.K. Corral">Gunfight at the O.K. Corral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Branch_Saloon_gunfight" title="Long Branch Saloon gunfight">Long Branch Saloon gunfight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">Variety Hall shootout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Alamo" title="Battle of the Alamo">Battle of the Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glorieta_Pass" title="Battle of Glorieta Pass">Battle of Glorieta Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn" title="Battle of the Little Bighorn">Battle of the Little Bighorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Jacinto" title="Battle of San Jacinto">Battle of San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Washita_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Washita River">Battle of Washita River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Flag Revolt">Bear Flag Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1837_(New_Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt of 1837 (New Mexico)">Chimayó Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Adobe_Walls" title="First Battle of Adobe Walls">First Battle of Adobe Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_Creek_massacre" title="Sand Creek massacre">Sand Creek massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">Texas Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wounded_Knee_Massacre" title="Wounded Knee Massacre">Wounded Knee Massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range wars</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Family_feuds_in_the_United_States" title="Family feuds in the United States">feuds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochise_County_in_the_Old_West" title="Cochise County in the Old West">Earp-Clanton feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County_War" title="Johnson County War">Johnson County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_War" title="Lincoln County War">Lincoln County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County_War" title="Mason County War">Mason County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Valley_War" title="Pleasant Valley War">Pleasant Valley War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep Wars">Sheep Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton%E2%80%93Taylor_feud" title="Sutton–Taylor feud">Sutton–Taylor feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arizona_Rangers" title="List of Arizona Rangers">Arizona Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_American_frontier" title="Bibliography of the American frontier">Bibliography of the American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cowboys_and_cowgirls" title="List of cowboys and cowgirls">Cowboys and cowgirls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gangs" title="List of Old West gangs">Gangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ghost towns in the United States">Ghost towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gunfights" title="List of Old West gunfights">Gunfights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_lawmen" title="List of Old West lawmen">Lawmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_men" title="List of mountain men">Mountain men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gunfighters" title="List of Old West gunfighters">Outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Old_West" title="Timeline of the American Old West">Timeline of the American Old West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Western_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Western United States">Cuisine of the Western United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon" title="Chuckwagon">Chuckwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_oysters" title="Rocky Mountain oysters">Rocky Mountain oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Western lifestyle">Western lifestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_country_music" title="Texas country music">Texas country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_wear" title="Western wear">Western wear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boot" title="Cowboy boot">Cowboy boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_hat" title="Cowboy hat">Cowboy hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_fastener" title="Snap fastener">Snap fastener</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Places6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Alaska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iditarod,_Alaska" title="Iditarod, Alaska">Iditarod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Diablo,_Arizona" title="Canyon Diablo, Arizona">Canyon Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Grant,_Arizona" title="Fort Grant, Arizona">Fort Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona" title="Prescott, Arizona">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombstone,_Arizona" title="Tombstone, Arizona">Tombstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_Rock,_Arizona" title="Window Rock, Arizona">Window Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_California" title="Jamestown, California">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colorado" title="History of Colorado">Colorado</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creede,_Colorado" title="Creede, Colorado">Creede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado" title="Telluride, Colorado">Telluride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_Colorado" title="Trinidad, Colorado">Trinidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadwood,_South_Dakota" title="Deadwood, South Dakota">Deadwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Yates,_North_Dakota" title="Fort Yates, North Dakota">Fort Yates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation" title="Pine Ridge Indian Reservation">Pine Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Indian_Reservation" title="Standing Rock Indian Reservation">Standing Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankton,_South_Dakota" title="Yankton, South Dakota">Yankton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola,_Florida" title="Angola, Florida">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_Fort" title="Negro Fort">Negro Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pensacola,_Florida" title="History of Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Bluff_Historic_Sites" title="Prospect Bluff Historic Sites">Prospect Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_St._Augustine,_Florida" title="History of St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos_de_Apalache_Historic_State_Park" title="San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park">St. Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Boise" title="Fort Boise">Fort Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hall" title="Fort Hall">Fort Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Illinois" title="History of Illinois">Illinois</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dearborn" title="Fort Dearborn">Fort Dearborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">Kansas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Kansas" title="Abilene, Kansas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge_City,_Kansas" title="Dodge City, Kansas">Dodge City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth,_Kansas" title="Ellsworth, Kansas">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hays,_Kansas" title="Hays, Kansas">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Missouri" title="History of Missouri">Missouri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billings,_Montana" title="Billings, Montana">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozeman,_Montana" title="Bozeman, Montana">Bozeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Lodge,_Montana" title="Deer Lodge, Montana">Deer Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Benton,_Montana" title="Fort Benton, Montana">Fort Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Peck,_Montana" title="Fort Peck, Montana">Fort Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Montana" title="Livingston, Montana">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missoula,_Montana" title="Missoula, Montana">Missoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_City,_Montana" title="Virginia City, Montana">Virginia City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nebraska" title="History of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadron,_Nebraska" title="Chadron, Nebraska">Chadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Atkinson_(Nebraska)" title="Fort Atkinson (Nebraska)">Fort Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Robinson" title="Fort Robinson">Fort Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_City,_Nebraska" title="Nebraska City, Nebraska">Nebraska City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogallala,_Nebraska" title="Ogallala, Nebraska">Ogallala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine,_Nebraska" title="Valentine, Nebraska">Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteclay,_Nebraska" title="Whiteclay, Nebraska">Whiteclay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nevada" title="History of Nevada">Nevada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_City,_Nevada" title="Virginia City, Nevada">Virginia City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamogordo,_New_Mexico" title="Alamogordo, New Mexico">Alamogordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron,_New_Mexico" title="Cimarron, New Mexico">Cimarron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumner,_New_Mexico" title="Fort Sumner, New Mexico">Fort Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallup,_New_Mexico" title="Gallup, New Mexico">Gallup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_New_Mexico" title="Lincoln, New Mexico">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesilla,_New_Mexico" title="Mesilla, New Mexico">Mesilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon,_New_Mexico" title="Mogollon, New Mexico">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_New_Mexico" title="Roswell, New Mexico">Roswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucumcari,_New_Mexico" title="Tucumcari, New Mexico">Tucumcari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gibson" title="Fort Gibson">Fort Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okmulgee,_Oklahoma" title="Okmulgee, Oklahoma">Okmulgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawhuska,_Oklahoma" title="Pawhuska, Oklahoma">Pawhuska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlequah,_Oklahoma" title="Tahlequah, Oklahoma">Tahlequah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishomingo,_Oklahoma" title="Tishomingo, Oklahoma">Tishomingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskahoma,_Oklahoma" title="Tuskahoma, Oklahoma">Tuskahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wewoka,_Oklahoma" title="Wewoka, Oklahoma">Wewoka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon" title="The Dalles, Oregon">The Dalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grande,_Oregon" title="La Grande, Oregon">La Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMinnville,_Oregon" title="McMinnville, Oregon">McMinnville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale,_Oregon" title="Vale, Oregon">Vale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">Texas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzales,_Texas" title="Gonzales, Texas">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Townsend,_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bridger" title="Fort Bridger">Fort Bridger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Laramie_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Laramie National Historic Site">Fort Laramie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_frontier" title="Category:American frontier">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesse_James57" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesse_James" title="Template:Jesse James"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesse_James" title="Template talk:Jesse James"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesse_James" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesse James"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesse_James57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jesse James</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._James" title="Robert S. James">Robert S. James</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerelda_James" title="Zerelda James">Zerelda James</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank James</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerelda_Mimms" title="Zerelda Mimms">Zerelda Mimms</a> (cousin/wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_E._James" title="Jesse E. James">Jesse E. James</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ford_(outlaw)" title="Robert Ford (outlaw)">Robert Ford</a> (assassin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_Gang" title="James–Younger Gang">James–Younger Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_(1939_film)" title="Jesse James (1939 film)"><i>Jesse James</i></a> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Jesse_James" title="Days of Jesse James">Days of Jesse James</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_at_Bay" title="Jesse James at Bay">Jesse James at Bay</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_Rides_Again" title="Jesse James Rides Again">Jesse James Rides Again</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Frank_and_Jesse_James" title="Adventures of Frank and Jesse James">Adventures of Frank and Jesse James</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Shot_Jesse_James" title="I Shot Jesse James">I Shot Jesse James</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_James_Brothers_of_Missouri" title="The James Brothers of Missouri">The James Brothers of Missouri</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Raiders" title="Kansas Raiders">Kansas Raiders</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Missouri_Raid" title="The Great Missouri Raid">The Great Missouri Raid</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Jesse_James_Raid" title="The Great Jesse James Raid">The Great Jesse James Raid</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James%27_Women" title="Jesse James' Women">Jesse James' Women</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_True_Story_of_Jesse_James" title="The True Story of Jesse James">The True Story of Jesse James</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Crossroads" title="Hell's Crossroads">Hell's Crossroads</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alias_Jesse_James" title="Alias Jesse James">Alias Jesse James</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_Meets_Frankenstein%27s_Daughter" title="Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter">Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_for_Dying" title="A Time for Dying">A Time for Dying</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Northfield_Minnesota_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid">The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Riders" title="The Long Riders">The Long Riders</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_and_Jesse" title="Frank and Jesse">Frank and Jesse</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Outlaws_(2001_film)" title="American Outlaws (2001 film)">American Outlaws</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Jesse_James_by_the_Coward_Robert_Ford" title="The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford">The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Heritage" title="Bitter Heritage">Bitter Heritage</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Jesse_James_(TV_series)" title="The Legend of Jesse James (TV series)">The Legend of Jesse James</a></i> (1965)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_in_music" title="Jesse James in music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_(folk_song)" title="Jesse James (folk song)">"Jesse James"</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Jesse_James_by_the_Coward_Robert_Ford_(soundtrack)" title="The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (soundtrack)"><i>The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford</i></a> (soundtrack)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_(Clay_Walker_song)" title="Jesse James (Clay Walker song)">"Jesse James"</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Jesse_James" title="The Legend of Jesse James">The Legend of Jesse James</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Feel_Like_a_Bullet_(In_the_Gun_of_Robert_Ford)" title="I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)">I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_(Lucky_Luke)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse James (Lucky Luke)"><i>Jesse James</i> (Lucky Luke)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Jesse_James_by_the_Coward_Robert_Ford_(novel)" title="The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (novel)">The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter:_The_Legend_of_Jesse_James" title="Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James">Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter_II:_Revenge_of_Jesse_James" title="Gunfighter II: Revenge of Jesse James">Gunfighter II: Revenge of Jesse James</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_Home_Museum" title="Jesse James Home Museum">Jesse James Home Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Newman_Edwards" title="John Newman Edwards">John Newman Edwards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213626#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2011" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213626#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2011" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213626#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073733978">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/27874494">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/9604/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpdMJhMWHPJP8rVBqdqQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119132028">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50028970">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145321615">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145321615">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620876">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20071112007&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p243201311">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs68908d4j9l3d2">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810583590005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007278892105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_119132028">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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