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In the passive voice, the target of the action is the main focus, and the verb acts upon the subject. There are numerous differences between the two grammatical voices, but the most important is that the active voice is clearer and more direct, while the passive voice is subtler and can feel more detached.\u00a0\r\n"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When should you use active voice?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Use the active voice in any sentence that focuses on the doer of the action. Unless the majority of your writing is scientific or reporting incidents involving unknown perpetrators, most of the sentences you write should be in the active voice.\u00a0\r\n"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do you change passive voice to active?\u00a0","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"To change the passive voice to the active voice, determine who is actually performing the action in the sentence, then restructure the sentence so that the performer is the focus, clearly performing the verb upon the sentence\u2019s direct object.\u00a0"}}],"image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/sentences\/active-vs-passive-voice\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Active-vs.-Passive.png","width":"1520","height":"800"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Active-vs.-Passive.png","width":"1200","height":"900"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Active-vs.-Passive.png","width":"1200","height":"675"}]}, {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/sentences\/active-vs-passive-voice\/#Article","url":"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/sentences\/active-vs-passive-voice\/","inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/sentences\/active-vs-passive-voice\/","headline":"Active vs. Passive Voice: What's the Difference? | Grammarly","description":"Understand active voice vs. passive voice with these helpful guidelines and examples. Learn to use active voice and passive voice correctly in your writing.","articleBody":"What is active voice and passive voice? Active and passive voice are the two grammatical voices in English, each with distinct structures and purposes. \tWhat is active voice? In active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb: \u201cThe dog chased the cat.\u201d \tWhat is passive voice? In passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb: \u201cThe cat was chased by the dog.\u201d \tWhen should you use active voice versus passive voice? Use active voice for clarity and directness; use passive voice to emphasize the action or recipient or when the doer is unknown or irrelevant. \tHow do you change from passive voice to active voice? To change passive voice to active voice, identify the true subject (doer) and make it the focus of the sentence, followed by the verb and object. What is active voice and passive voice, and when do you use them? Take the sentence \u201cI want ice cream now.\u201d It\u2019s clear and straightforward; you know immediately that the subject, \u201cI,\u201d wants an object, \u201cice cream.\u201d Now recast this sentence, flipping it so the former object is in the subject\u2019s position: \u201cIce cream is wanted by me now.\u201d It isn\u2019t just longer, but it\u2019s also more detached and a little awkward. Those two sentences are examples of active voice and passive voice. Although it\u2019s commonly suggested to avoid passive voice in writing in favor of active voice, there are times when passive voice is the best choice. Most times, active voice is optimal. Whether you\u2019re crafting a compelling narrative, presenting scientific findings, or composing a business report, understanding how, when, and why to use active voice and passive voice is key to being an effective writer and speaker. Here, we explore their definitions, provide examples, and offer guidelines on when to use each voice. Table of contents What is active voice and passive voice? What\u2019s the difference between active voice and passive voice? Should you write in active voice or passive voice? How to change active voice to passive voice Active voice and passive voice examples Active voice and passive voice FAQs What is active voice and passive voice? Active and passive are the two grammatical voices in English. Neither is inherently better than the other, but each is distinctly different and suited to certain types of writing. Active voice is a grammatical structure in which the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb, creating a direct and clear expression, such as \u201cThe cat ate the food.\u201d Passive voice occurs when the subject receives the action of the verb, often resulting in a more indirect construction, like \u201cThe food was eaten by the cat.\u201d While active voice typically makes writing more engaging and dynamic, passive voice can be useful for emphasizing the action or the recipient rather than the doer, depending on the context. We\u2019ll explore when you should use either voice later in this article, but first, let\u2019s get more familiar with active voice and passive voice. Active voice In active voice sentences, the subject comes before the verb, and the object (if present) follows the verb. This structure creates\u2014i.e., active voice\u2014a direct, clear, and often more dynamic tone. Here are some simple, direct examples of active voice: The dog chases the ball. Notice how the subject, dog, is performing the action, chase, on the target of the action, ball. Here are three more examples of sentences in active voice: Shira likes birdwatching. She loves twilight. I drank all the milk. No matter what verb you use, structuring your sentence so the subject performs the verb is writing in active voice. Passive voice In passive voice, the action\u2019s target is the focus, and the subject receives the action of the verb. Or, to put it in passive voice, the subject is acted upon by some other grammatical element, performing the action of the verb. Additionally, every sentence in passive voice contains two verbs: a conjugated form of \u201cto be\u201d and the main verb\u2019s past participle. The ball is being chased by the dog. In passive voice, the action\u2019s target, ball, is positioned first as the grammatical subject of the sentence, while the performer of the action (if mentioned at all) is introduced later in the sentence, usually with the preposition \u201cby.\u201d Additionally, there are two verbs in passive voice sentences: \u201cis being\u201d (a conjugated form of the \u201cto be\u201d) and the main verb\u2019s past participle (\u201cchased\u201d). Take a look at the examples used to showcase active voice, written here in passive voice: Birdwatching is liked by Shira. Twilight is loved by her. All the milk was drunk by me. Notice how the recipients of the actions\u2014formerly the direct objects of the sentences, now the subjects\u2014are the focus, and the sentences now contain a conjugated form of \u201cto be\u201d and the main verb\u2019s past participle. Sentences in passive voice are often longer than sentences in active voice simply because they have to include additional words like prepositions. Take a look at this sentence in passive voice: Summer break is loved by my friends. It takes seven words to communicate the message. If it were written in active voice, the same sentiment could be captured in five words: My friends loved summer break. However, sentences written in passive voice don\u2019t necessarily need a preposition. Take a look at the example sentences below: The check was paid. He will be remembered. The Philippines is known for its marine biodiversity. What\u2019s the difference between active voice and passive voice? The primary difference between active voice and passive voice is their tone, emphasis, and sentence structure. Active voice presents a more direct and dynamic approach, clearly identifying who or what is performing an action. Passive voice offers a subtler tone, shifting the emphasis away from the doer and onto the action itself or its recipient. Should you write in active voice or passive voice? Both active voice and passive voice play an important role in writing, and when to use either depends on what you\u2019re writing and the desired emphasis. It\u2019s important to be intentional with your selection because the choice between active voice and passive voice can significantly impact the tone, emphasis, and clarity of your writing. Advantages of Active Voice Many perceive active voice as stronger and more engaging. It\u2019s generally preferred for its conciseness and clarity, making it ideal for most writing situations where you want to emphasize who or what is performing an action. For example, in a business report, saying \u201cThe marketing team launched the new campaign\u201d clearly identifies the subject and the action, allowing readers to quickly grasp who is responsible for the initiative. Active voice is also the top choice for authors of opinion pieces; it makes them sound very sure of their positions. Regardless, you should use active voice when you want the reader to focus on the noun in your sentence that is performing the action described by the verb rather than on the action\u2019s target or recipient. For most of the writing you do, like emails, blog posts, and many kinds of essays, active voice is a more effective way to communicate the ideas, themes, and facts you\u2019re expressing. Advantages of Passive Voice In certain kinds of writing, though, passive voice is necessary. It\u2019s best used when it\u2019s more important to focus on the recipient of the action rather than the person who performed it. While often wordier, this nuanced approach can be particularly useful when the doer is unknown or irrelevant or when you want to maintain a more formal or objective tone. For instance, passive voice is used in lab reports because it conveys scientific objectivity by minimizing the focus on the doer of the action. News anchors and crime reporters also frequently use passive voice; it allows them to come across as detached from the stories they\u2019re reporting. These are examples of good use of passive voice: A car was broken into on Elm Street last night. Cash was stolen from the register. In these kinds of reports, passive voice emphasizes the action that occurred rather than the individual or group who committed the action, often because the perpetrator isn\u2019t known or hasn\u2019t yet been found guilty of the offense. There are other kinds of writing where the action itself, rather than the doer of the action, is the primary focus. These include scientific and, in some cases, historical reports. These use passive voice to keep the reader\u2019s focus on what has happened or is happening. Here are a few examples: The rats were placed into the maze. The governor was inaugurated at the statehouse. Notice how, in both of these sentences, the doer of the action isn\u2019t mentioned. That\u2019s because it\u2019s either implied or irrelevant. In the first example, the scientist performing the experiment is the one who placed the rats in the maze. In the second, those conducting the inauguration ceremony aren\u2019t relevant to what\u2019s being expressed in the sentence. When considering using passive voice, be mindful that it can create confusion about who performed the action. If this detail is important, you may want to reconsider. \u00a0You don\u2019t have to guess whether you\u2019re using certain words correctly or breaking grammar rules in your writing. Grammarly can help rewrite sentences or catch passive voice as you write.\u00a0 How to change passive voice to active voice It\u2019s easy to change passive voice to active voice; start by identifying the noun acting and make it the subject of the sentence. It\u2019s also easy to identify where you may need to change passive voice to active voice. To get clarity on which voice you should use throughout your writing, read your first draft aloud after you\u2019ve finished it. Listen to how it sounds. This practice will help you catch awkward sentences and unclear phrasing. Mark them as points to revise in your next draft. You\u2019ll also hear where you used active voice and passive voice and how they shift your work\u2019s tone. This is where you can identify sentences that will benefit from shifting from one voice to the other. Let\u2019s say you\u2019ve detected a few awkward instances of passive voice in your argumentative essay, such as: \u201cMore flexible scheduling options are deserved by students.\u201d and \u201cSignificant amounts of tuition are paid to the university every year, and many feel the level of service being paid for by students is not being received.\u201d See how these sentences feel like they\u2019re dancing around the topic rather than addressing it head-on? The writer isn\u2019t making a particularly persuasive argument, but they can make their writing far more impactful by changing it to active voice. To do this, sentence by sentence, identify who or what is performing the action and make that the subject when you rewrite it. In the first sentence, make \u201cstudents\u201d the subject since they\u2019re performing the action. The main verb in this sentence is \u201cdeserve,\u201d and the target is \u201cmore flexible scheduling options,\u201d which will become the direct object in your new sentence. Restructure it so that the subject directly performs the verb: \u201cStudents deserve more flexible scheduling options.\u201d See how this version gets right to the point? It makes the writer sound more confident too, which is a priority in argumentative writing. Now let\u2019s try changing the second sentence: \u201cStudents pay significant amounts of tuition to the university every year, and many feel they aren\u2019t receiving the level of service they\u2019re paying for.\u201d As you can see from this compound sentence, you can write any kind of sentence in either voice as long as it has a transitive verb. Whether it\u2019s a simple or complex sentence (or even compound-complex), you can dramatically alter your tone by simply reworking its structure. If you aren\u2019t sure whether a sentence is active or passive based on how it sounds, use the rules outlined above to identify both voices in your work. The biggest clue that you have a passive voice sentence will be a form of \u201cto be\u201d followed by a past participle (e.g., \u201cwas requested\u201d or \u201cwill be missed\u201d). Not every passive voice sentence states who is performing the action, but if it does, you\u2019ll see a preposition next to it (e.g., \u201cby zombies\u201d or \u201cby my brother\u201d). You can use either voice when paraphrasing longer works. Sometimes, such as when paraphrasing a scientific article, you\u2019ll need to use passive voice; in other cases, you might clarify the original text by paraphrasing in active voice. Active voice and passive voice examples Take a look at these examples of both active voice and passive voice in action: Active: Is Ajani visiting us today? Passive: Will we be visited by Ajani today? As you see, questions can be written in either voice. Other kinds of sentences, like exclamatory and imperative sentences, are often best written in active voice: Active: Please remove your shoes before entering my house. Passive: Shoes should be removed before entering my house. Active: Lock the door! Passive: Let the door be locked! See how, with the first pair, passive voice makes the request feel more like a suggestion? In the second pair, passive voice makes the message sound stilted and formal rather than an urgent exclamation. Now take a look at these two examples: Active: I poured the solution into the beaker and heated it to 100\u2109. Passive: The solution was poured into the beaker and heated to 100\u2109. Active voice and passive voice FAQs What are the rules of active voice and passive voice? The rule of active voice states that the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb, creating clear and direct sentences. The rule of passive voice indicates that the subject receives the action, often leading to a less direct structure where the doer may be omitted. When should you use active voice vs. passive voice? Use active voice in any sentence that focuses on the doer of the action. Unless the majority of your writing is scientific or reporting incidents involving unknown perpetrators, most of the sentences you write should be in active voice. Passive voice is meant for sentences in which you need to emphasize the target of an action or the action itself rather than who or what is performing the verb. How do you change passive voice to active voice? To change passive voice to active voice, determine who is actually performing the action in the sentence, then restructure the sentence so that the performer is the focus, clearly performing the verb upon the sentence\u2019s direct object. How do you change active voice to passive voice? To change active voice to passive voice, identify the object of the active voice sentence, make it the subject of the new sentence, and use a form of \u201cto be\u201d followed by the past participle of the main verb, often including the original subject introduced by \u201cby.\u201d","keywords":"Awareness, ESL, FAQ, Grammarly Free, Make Progress, ","datePublished":"2022-04-21T07:00:22+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-06T12:52:45+00:00","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Lindsay Kramer","description":"","url":"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/author\/lindsaykramer\/","sameAs":[],"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/LKprofilepic-124x124.jpg","height":96,"width":96}},"editor":{"@type":"Person","name":"Lindsay 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class="headerItemExpandableContainer_CLKm5yp3"><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-Product-flyout" class="base_PbRSndwM paddingCompact_PbRSndwM headerItemTopLevel_CLKm5yp3" type="button" data-status="enabled"><span class="content_PbRSndwM">Product<span class="iconWrapper_PbRSndwM" style="margin-left:0.75rem" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="iconExpandable_CLKm5yp3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.646447 0.646447C0.841709 0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 1.35355 0.646447L5 4.29289L8.64645 0.646447C8.84171 0.451184 9.15829 0.451184 9.35355 0.646447C9.54882 0.841709 9.54882 1.15829 9.35355 1.35355L5 5.70711L0.646447 1.35355C0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 0.841709 0.646447 0.646447Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></button><div id="item-Product-flyout" class="flyoutContainer_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerPrimary_CLKm5yp3 flyoutAlignLeft_CLKm5yp3" aria-hidden="true"><div class="flyoutContainerIE11_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerWithMultiColumns_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="allColumnsList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLabel_CLKm5yp3 TS_dkKeNHYB normalWeight_dkKeNHYB">Learn</span><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/features"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Features</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://app.grammarly.com/demo"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Product Demo</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/ai"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">AI at Grammarly</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/trust"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Trust & Security</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemWithDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" target="_blank" href="https://coda.io/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><svg width="41" height="14" viewBox="0 0 41 14" fill="none" aria-label="Coda Logo"><path d="M0 8.5475C0 11.91 2.3275 14 5.2725 14C6.3075 14 7.3425 13.75 8.0975 13.185V10.5575C7.41334 11.1683 6.52716 11.5041 5.61 11.5C4.08 11.5 2.86 10.405 2.86 8.555C2.86 6.705 4.075 5.63 5.61 5.63C6.53192 5.61236 7.42591 5.94672 8.11 6.565V3.9325C7.36 3.355 6.32 3.135 5.285 3.135C2.3275 3.135 0 5.225 0 8.5475Z" fill="#EE5A29"></path><path d="M14.0975 3.135C11.0975 3.135 9.0025 5.365 9.0025 8.5475C9.0025 11.73 11.0925 14 14.0975 14C17.1025 14 19.21 11.75 19.21 8.5475C19.21 5.345 17.1225 3.135 14.0975 3.135ZM14.0975 11.5525C12.665 11.5525 11.8675 10.3025 11.8675 8.5525C11.8675 6.8025 12.665 5.5675 14.0975 5.5675C15.53 5.5675 16.325 6.8175 16.325 8.5525C16.325 10.2875 15.55 11.5525 14.0975 11.5525Z" fill="#EE5A29"></path><path d="M27.4175 4.23C27.0762 3.87951 26.6674 3.6018 26.2158 3.4136C25.7642 3.22541 25.2792 3.13064 24.79 3.135C21.765 3.135 20.055 5.5825 20.055 8.5475C20.055 11.5475 21.765 14 24.79 14C25.2785 13.9999 25.7622 13.903 26.2132 13.7151C26.6641 13.5272 27.0734 13.2518 27.4175 12.905V13.7625H30.3025V0H27.4175V4.23ZM27.4175 10.28C27.2304 10.6406 26.9476 10.9427 26.6001 11.1531C26.2525 11.3635 25.8537 11.474 25.4475 11.4725C23.875 11.4725 22.9475 10.2225 22.9475 8.5475C22.9475 6.8725 23.8825 5.6425 25.4475 5.6425C25.856 5.6434 26.2563 5.7574 26.604 5.97185C26.9518 6.1863 27.2333 6.49284 27.4175 6.8575V10.28Z" fill="#EE5A29"></path><path d="M36.075 3.135C34.6825 3.135 33.35 3.515 32.5925 3.9925V6.4925C33.4372 5.9359 34.4259 5.63789 35.4375 5.635C36.91 5.635 37.7675 6.2725 37.7675 7.2875V7.865C37.3475 7.565 36.3325 7.2475 35.4375 7.2475C33.15 7.2475 31.42 8.6 31.42 10.59C31.42 12.74 33.15 13.9525 35.26 13.9525C36.3925 13.9525 37.4275 13.555 37.76 13.2175V13.775H40.545V7.115C40.5525 4.5875 38.92 3.135 36.075 3.135ZM37.7675 10.935C37.5175 11.4925 36.7525 11.8325 35.935 11.8325C35.02 11.8325 34.085 11.4525 34.085 10.5575C34.085 9.6625 35.02 9.285 35.935 9.285C36.7525 9.285 37.5075 9.6225 37.7675 10.18V10.935Z" fill="#EE5A29"></path></svg><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3 columnLinkLabelWithDescription_CLKm5yp3"></span></span> <span class="columnLinkDescription_CLKm5yp3"><span class="codaLinkDescription_CLKm5yp3">Grammarly has acquired Coda— learn about the product <svg width="11" height="12" viewBox="0 0 11 12" fill="none"><path d="M4.26667 1.33333H1.83333C1.3731 1.33333 1 1.70642 1 2.16666V9.83333C1 10.2936 1.3731 10.6667 1.83333 10.6667H9.5C9.96024 10.6667 10.3333 10.2936 10.3333 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class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Browser</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="headerDesktopTopLevelListItem_InJ6meKi"><div class="headerItemExpandableContainer_CLKm5yp3"><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-Work-flyout" class="base_PbRSndwM paddingCompact_PbRSndwM headerItemTopLevel_CLKm5yp3" type="button" data-status="enabled"><span class="content_PbRSndwM">Work<span class="iconWrapper_PbRSndwM" style="margin-left:0.75rem" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="iconExpandable_CLKm5yp3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.646447 0.646447C0.841709 0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 1.35355 0.646447L5 4.29289L8.64645 0.646447C8.84171 0.451184 9.15829 0.451184 9.35355 0.646447C9.54882 0.841709 9.54882 1.15829 9.35355 1.35355L5 5.70711L0.646447 1.35355C0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 0.841709 0.646447 0.646447Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></button><div id="item-Work-flyout" class="flyoutContainer_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerPrimary_CLKm5yp3 flyoutAlignLeft_CLKm5yp3" aria-hidden="true"><div class="flyoutContainerIE11_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerWithMultiColumns_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="allColumnsList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLabel_CLKm5yp3 TS_dkKeNHYB normalWeight_dkKeNHYB">By Team Size</span><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/business/enterprise"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Enterprise</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/business"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Teams & Businesses</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/professionals"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Individuals</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLabel_CLKm5yp3 TS_dkKeNHYB normalWeight_dkKeNHYB">By Team Function</span><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/business/customer-support"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Customer Support</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="https://www.grammarly.com/business/marketing"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span 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8.5475C20.055 11.5475 21.765 14 24.79 14C25.2785 13.9999 25.7622 13.903 26.2132 13.7151C26.6641 13.5272 27.0734 13.2518 27.4175 12.905V13.7625H30.3025V0H27.4175V4.23ZM27.4175 10.28C27.2304 10.6406 26.9476 10.9427 26.6001 11.1531C26.2525 11.3635 25.8537 11.474 25.4475 11.4725C23.875 11.4725 22.9475 10.2225 22.9475 8.5475C22.9475 6.8725 23.8825 5.6425 25.4475 5.6425C25.856 5.6434 26.2563 5.7574 26.604 5.97185C26.9518 6.1863 27.2333 6.49284 27.4175 6.8575V10.28Z" fill="#EE5A29"></path><path d="M36.075 3.135C34.6825 3.135 33.35 3.515 32.5925 3.9925V6.4925C33.4372 5.9359 34.4259 5.63789 35.4375 5.635C36.91 5.635 37.7675 6.2725 37.7675 7.2875V7.865C37.3475 7.565 36.3325 7.2475 35.4375 7.2475C33.15 7.2475 31.42 8.6 31.42 10.59C31.42 12.74 33.15 13.9525 35.26 13.9525C36.3925 13.9525 37.4275 13.555 37.76 13.2175V13.775H40.545V7.115C40.5525 4.5875 38.92 3.135 36.075 3.135ZM37.7675 10.935C37.5175 11.4925 36.7525 11.8325 35.935 11.8325C35.02 11.8325 34.085 11.4525 34.085 10.5575C34.085 9.6625 35.02 9.285 35.935 9.285C36.7525 9.285 37.5075 9.6225 37.7675 10.18V10.935Z" fill="#EE5A29"></path></svg><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3 columnLinkLabelWithDescription_CLKm5yp3"></span></span> <span class="columnLinkDescription_CLKm5yp3"><span class="codaLinkDescription_CLKm5yp3">Grammarly has acquired Coda— learn about the product <svg width="11" height="12" viewBox="0 0 11 12" fill="none"><path d="M4.26667 1.33333H1.83333C1.3731 1.33333 1 1.70642 1 2.16666V9.83333C1 10.2936 1.3731 10.6667 1.83333 10.6667H9.5C9.96024 10.6667 10.3333 10.2936 10.3333 9.83333V7.4M5.66667 6L10.3333 1.33333M10.3333 1.33333H6.6M10.3333 1.33333V5.06666" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></span></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLabel_CLKm5yp3 TS_dkKeNHYB normalWeight_dkKeNHYB">Download</span><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" 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16.2784C31.6392 17.9261 33.3224 19.2472 36.2628 19.2472ZM36.3267 12.571C34.8423 12.571 34.0327 11.392 34.0327 9.50994C34.0327 7.65625 34.8281 6.35653 36.3267 6.35653C37.7969 6.35653 38.6207 7.59943 38.6207 9.50994C38.6207 11.4347 37.7827 12.571 36.3267 12.571Z" fill="#161719"></path></svg></div></a><div class="headerDesktopContainer_InJ6meKi"><ul class="headerDesktopCenterItemsContainer_InJ6meKi"><li class="headerDesktopTopLevelListItem_InJ6meKi"><div class="headerItemExpandableContainer_CLKm5yp3"><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-Language-Rules-flyout" class="base_PbRSndwM paddingCompact_PbRSndwM headerItemTopLevel_CLKm5yp3" type="button" data-status="enabled"><span class="content_PbRSndwM">Language Rules<span class="iconWrapper_PbRSndwM" style="margin-left:0.75rem" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="iconExpandable_CLKm5yp3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.646447 0.646447C0.841709 0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 1.35355 0.646447L5 4.29289L8.64645 0.646447C8.84171 0.451184 9.15829 0.451184 9.35355 0.646447C9.54882 0.841709 9.54882 1.15829 9.35355 1.35355L5 5.70711L0.646447 1.35355C0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 0.841709 0.646447 0.646447Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></button><div id="item-Language-Rules-flyout" class="flyoutContainer_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerSecondary_CLKm5yp3 flyoutAlignLeft_CLKm5yp3" aria-hidden="true"><div class="flyoutContainerIE11_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerWithMultiColumns_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="allColumnsList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/acronyms-abbreviations/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Acronyms & Abbreviations</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/commonly-confused-words/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Commonly Confused Words</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/grammar/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Grammar Tips</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/idioms/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Idioms</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/literary-devices/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Literary Devices</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/parts-of-speech/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Parts of Speech</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/punctuation-capitalization/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Punctuation & Capitalization</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/rhetorical-devices/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Rhetorical Devices</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/sentences/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Sentences</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/vocabulary/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Vocabulary</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="headerDesktopTopLevelListItem_InJ6meKi"><div class="headerItemExpandableContainer_CLKm5yp3"><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-Writing-Tips-flyout" class="base_PbRSndwM paddingCompact_PbRSndwM headerItemTopLevel_CLKm5yp3" type="button" data-status="enabled"><span class="content_PbRSndwM">Writing Tips<span class="iconWrapper_PbRSndwM" style="margin-left:0.75rem" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="iconExpandable_CLKm5yp3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.646447 0.646447C0.841709 0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 1.35355 0.646447L5 4.29289L8.64645 0.646447C8.84171 0.451184 9.15829 0.451184 9.35355 0.646447C9.54882 0.841709 9.54882 1.15829 9.35355 1.35355L5 5.70711L0.646447 1.35355C0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 0.841709 0.646447 0.646447Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></button><div id="item-Writing-Tips-flyout" class="flyoutContainer_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerSecondary_CLKm5yp3 flyoutAlignLeft_CLKm5yp3" aria-hidden="true"><div class="flyoutContainerIE11_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerWithMultiColumns_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="allColumnsList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/creative-writing/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Creative Writing</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/language-trends-culture/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Language Trends & Culture</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/plagiarism/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Plagiarism</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/summarizing-paraphrasing/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Summarizing & Paraphrasing</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/writing-tips/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Writing How To's</span></span></a></li><li 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fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="iconExpandable_CLKm5yp3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.646447 0.646447C0.841709 0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 1.35355 0.646447L5 4.29289L8.64645 0.646447C8.84171 0.451184 9.15829 0.451184 9.35355 0.646447C9.54882 0.841709 9.54882 1.15829 9.35355 1.35355L5 5.70711L0.646447 1.35355C0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 0.841709 0.646447 0.646447Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></button><div id="item-For-Education-flyout" class="flyoutContainer_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerSecondary_CLKm5yp3 flyoutAlignLeft_CLKm5yp3" aria-hidden="true"><div class="flyoutContainerIE11_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="allColumnsList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/academic-writing/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Academic 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fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="iconExpandable_CLKm5yp3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.646447 0.646447C0.841709 0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 1.35355 0.646447L5 4.29289L8.64645 0.646447C8.84171 0.451184 9.15829 0.451184 9.35355 0.646447C9.54882 0.841709 9.54882 1.15829 9.35355 1.35355L5 5.70711L0.646447 1.35355C0.451184 1.15829 0.451184 0.841709 0.646447 0.646447Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></button><div id="item-For-Work-flyout" class="flyoutContainer_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerSecondary_CLKm5yp3 flyoutAlignLeft_CLKm5yp3" aria-hidden="true"><div class="flyoutContainerIE11_CLKm5yp3 flyoutContainerWithMultiColumns_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="allColumnsList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnContainer_CLKm5yp3"><ul class="singleColumnList_CLKm5yp3"><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/business-writing/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span 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href="/blog/resigning/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Resigning</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/resumes-cover-letters/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Resumes & Cover Letters</span></span></a></li><li class="columnListItemNoDescription_CLKm5yp3"><a class="headerItemLink_CLKm5yp3 columnLink_CLKm5yp3" href="/blog/workplace-communication/"><span class="columnLinkRow_CLKm5yp3"><span class="columnLinkLabel_CLKm5yp3">Workplace Communication</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="headerDesktopTopLevelListItem_InJ6meKi"><div class="headerItemExpandableContainer_CLKm5yp3"><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-AI-flyout" class="base_PbRSndwM paddingCompact_PbRSndwM headerItemTopLevel_CLKm5yp3" type="button" data-status="enabled"><span 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src="https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/assets/img/cf7bae149e2590570583b083d8056ed7/email.svg" alt="Share via email"/></a><a class="_2DbrB-icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=203198053709806&redirect_uri=&link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammarly.com%2Fblog%2Factive-vs-passive-voice%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook_messenger%26utm_medium%3Dcontent"><img width="18" height="18" src="https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/assets/img/716c1f90ce193d3974e8bdff70c2e892/messenger.svg" alt="Share via Facebook Messenger"/></a></div><div><h1 class="_2AbSL-title">Active vs. Passive Voice: What’s the Difference?</h1><div class="_2a5s--meta"><div class="_1bNM0-author"><a class="_2Szu7-avatar" href="/blog/author/lindsaykramer/"><img src="https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/LKprofilepic-124x124.jpg" alt="Lindsay Kramer"/></a><a class="_30Xzy-name" href="/blog/author/lindsaykramer/">Lindsay Kramer</a></div><span>Updated on November 6, 2024</span><a class="_1KWsY-category" href="/blog/sentences/">Sentences</a></div><article class="fv-3Z-article"><img width="706" height="372" alt="" src="https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Active-vs.-Passive-760x400.png" srcSet="https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Active-vs.-Passive-760x400.png 1x, https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Active-vs.-Passive.png 2x"/><div id="post-content" class="ZIGa1-content"><ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>What is active voice and passive voice?</b> Active and passive voice are the two grammatical voices in English, each with distinct structures and purposes.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>What is active voice? </b> In active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb: “The dog chased the cat.”</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>What is passive voice?</b> In passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb: “The cat was chased by the dog.”</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>When should you use active voice versus passive voice?</b> Use active voice for clarity and directness; use passive voice to emphasize the action or recipient or when the doer is unknown or irrelevant.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>How do you change from passive voice to active voice?</b> To change passive voice to active voice, identify the true subject (doer) and make it the focus of the sentence, followed by the verb and object.</li> </ul> <p>What is active voice and passive voice, and when do you use them? Take the sentence “I want ice cream now.” It’s clear and straightforward; you know immediately that the <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/sentences/subject-of-a-sentence">subject</a>, “I,” wants an object, “ice cream.” Now recast this sentence, flipping it so the former <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/grammar/a-grammar-lesson-direct-and-indirect-objects/">object</a> is in the subject’s position: “Ice cream is wanted by me now.” It isn’t just longer, but it’s also more detached and a little awkward.</p> <p>Those two sentences are examples of active voice and passive voice. Although it’s commonly suggested to avoid passive voice in writing in favor of active voice, there are times when passive voice is the best choice. Most times, active voice is optimal.</p> <p>Whether you’re crafting a compelling narrative, presenting scientific findings, or composing a business report, understanding how, when, and why to use active voice and passive voice is key to being an effective writer and speaker.</p> <p>Here, we explore their definitions, provide examples, and offer guidelines on when to use each voice.</p> <p><div class="tool__product" onclick="window.Grammarly.follow('');"> <div class="tool__product-icon"></div> <div class="tool__product-copy-container"> <div class="tool__product-copy"> <div class="tool__product-headline">Work smarter with Grammarly</div> <div class="tool__product-note">The AI writing assistant for anyone with work to do</div> </div> <button class="tool__product-button">Get Grammarly</button> </div> </div> </p> <h2><b>Table of contents</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="#1">What is active voice and passive voice?</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="#2">What’s the difference between active voice and passive voice?</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="#3">Should you write in active voice or passive voice?</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="#4">How to change active voice to passive voice</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="#5">Active voice and passive voice examples</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="#6">Active voice and passive voice FAQs</a></span> <a name="1"></a></p> <h2>What is active voice and passive voice?</h2> <p>Active and passive are the two grammatical voices in English. Neither is inherently better than the other, but each is distinctly different and suited to certain types of writing.</p> <p>Active voice is a grammatical structure in which the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb, creating a direct and clear expression, such as “The cat ate the food.”</p> <p>Passive voice occurs when the subject <i>receives</i> the action of the verb, often resulting in a more indirect construction, like “The food was eaten by the cat.”</p> <p>While active voice typically makes writing more engaging and dynamic, passive voice can be useful for emphasizing the action or the recipient rather than the doer, depending on the context.</p> <p>We’ll explore when you should use either voice later in this article, but first, let’s get more familiar with active voice and passive voice.</p> <h3>Active voice</h3> <p>In active voice sentences, the subject comes before the verb, and the object (if present) follows the verb. This structure creates—i.e., active voice—a direct, clear, and often more dynamic tone.</p> <p>Here are some simple, direct examples of active voice:</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>The dog chases the ball.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p>Notice how the subject, <i>dog</i>, is performing the action, <i>chase</i>, on the target of the action, <i>ball</i>.</p> <p>Here are three more examples of sentences in active voice:</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>Shira likes birdwatching.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>She loves twilight.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>I drank all the milk.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p>No matter what verb you use, structuring your sentence so the subject performs the verb is writing in active voice.</p> <h3>Passive voice</h3> <p>In <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/passive-voice/">passive voice</a>, the action’s target is the focus, and the subject receives the action of the verb. Or, to put it in passive voice, the subject is acted upon by some other grammatical element, performing the action of the verb. Additionally, every sentence in passive voice contains two verbs: a <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/parts-of-speech/verb-conjugation/">conjugated</a> form of “to be” and the main verb’s past participle.</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>The ball is being chased by the dog.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p>In passive voice, the action’s target, <i>ball</i>, is positioned first as the grammatical subject of the sentence, while the performer of the action (if mentioned at all) is introduced later in the sentence, usually with the <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/parts-of-speech/prepositions/">preposition</a> “by.” Additionally, there are two verbs in passive voice sentences: “is being” (a conjugated form of the “to be”) and the main verb’s past participle (“chased”).</p> <p>Take a look at the examples used to showcase active voice, written here in passive voice:</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>Birdwatching is liked by Shira.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>Twilight is loved by her.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>All the milk was drunk by me.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p>Notice how the recipients of the actions—formerly the direct objects of the sentences, now the subjects—are the focus, and the sentences now contain a conjugated form of “to be” and the main verb’s past participle.</p> <p>Sentences in passive voice are often longer than sentences in active voice simply because they have to include additional words like prepositions.</p> <p>Take a look at this sentence in passive voice:</p> <p><i>Summer break is [conjugated form of “to be”] loved [past participle of the main verb] by [preposition] my friends. </i></p> <p>It takes seven words to communicate the message. If it were written in active voice, the same sentiment could be captured in five words: <i>My friends loved summer break. </i></p> <p>However, sentences written in passive voice don’t necessarily need a preposition. Take a look at the example sentences below:</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>The check was paid.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>He will be remembered.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>The Philippines is known for its marine biodiversity.<span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></i> <a name="2"></a></p> <h2>What’s the difference between active voice and passive voice?</h2> <p>The primary difference between active voice and passive voice is their tone, emphasis, and sentence structure. Active voice presents a more direct and dynamic approach, clearly identifying who or what is performing an action. Passive voice offers a subtler tone, shifting the emphasis away from the doer and onto the action itself or its recipient. <a name="3"></a></p> <h2>Should you write in active voice or passive voice?</h2> <p>Both active voice and passive voice play an important role in writing, and when to use either depends on what you’re writing and the desired emphasis. It’s important to be intentional with your selection because the choice between active voice and passive voice can significantly impact the <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/writing-techniques/tone-and-emotions/">tone</a>, emphasis, and <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/writing-techniques/clarity-in-writing/">clarity</a> of your writing.</p> <h3>Advantages of Active Voice</h3> <p>Many perceive active voice as stronger and more engaging. It’s generally preferred for its conciseness and clarity, making it ideal for most writing situations where you want to emphasize who or what is performing an action. For example, in a business report, saying “The marketing team launched the new campaign” clearly identifies the subject and the action, allowing readers to quickly grasp who is responsible for the initiative.</p> <p>Active voice is also the top choice for authors of opinion pieces; it makes them sound very sure of their positions. Regardless, you should use active voice when you want the reader to focus on the noun in your sentence that is performing the action described by the verb rather than on the action’s target or recipient. For most of the writing you do, like<a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/concise-email-writing/"> emails</a>,<a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/how-to-write-a-blog/"> blog posts</a>, and many kinds of<a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/types-of-essays/"> essays</a>, active voice is a more effective way to communicate the ideas, themes, and facts you’re expressing.</p> <h3>Advantages of Passive Voice</h3> <p>In certain kinds of<a href="https://www.grammarly.com/writing"> writing</a>, though, passive voice is necessary. It’s best used when it’s more important to focus on the recipient of the action rather than the person who performed it. While often wordier, this nuanced approach can be particularly useful when the doer is unknown or irrelevant or when you want to maintain a more formal or objective tone.</p> <p>For instance, <a href="https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/c.php?g=352816&p=2377936">passive voice is used in lab reports</a> because it conveys scientific objectivity by minimizing the focus on the doer of the action. News anchors and crime reporters also frequently use passive voice; it allows them to come across as detached from the stories they’re reporting.</p> <p>These are examples of good use of passive voice:</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>A car was broken into on Elm Street last night.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>Cash was stolen from the register.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p>In these kinds of reports, passive voice emphasizes the action that occurred rather than the individual or group who committed the action, often because the perpetrator isn’t known or hasn’t yet been found guilty of the offense.</p> <p>There are other kinds of writing where the action itself, rather than the doer of the action, is the primary focus. These include scientific and, in some cases, historical reports. These use passive voice to keep the reader’s focus on what has happened or is happening. Here are a few examples:</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>The rats were placed into the maze.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__example "> <div class="tool__example-content"></span><i>The governor was inaugurated at the statehouse.</i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></div></div> </span></p> <p>Notice how, in both of these sentences, the doer of the action isn’t mentioned. That’s because it’s either implied or irrelevant. In the first example, the scientist performing the experiment is the one who placed the rats in the maze. In the second, those conducting the inauguration ceremony aren’t relevant to what’s being expressed in the sentence.</p> <p>When considering using passive voice, be mindful that it can create confusion about who performed the action. If this detail is important, you may want to reconsider.</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="tool__tip"><b>Here’s a tip:</b> </span>You don’t have to guess whether you’re using certain words correctly or breaking <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/category/handbook/">grammar rules</a> in your writing. <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/signup">Grammarly</a> can help rewrite sentences or catch passive voice as you write.<span style="font-weight: 400;"> </div> </span> <a name="4"></a></p> <h2>How to change passive voice to active voice</h2> <p>It’s easy to change passive voice to active voice; start by identifying the noun acting and make it the subject of the sentence. It’s also easy to identify where you may need to change passive voice to active voice. To get clarity on which voice you should use throughout your <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/writing">writing</a>, read your first draft aloud after you’ve finished it. Listen to how it sounds.</p> <p>This practice will help you catch awkward sentences and unclear phrasing. Mark them as points to revise in your next draft. You’ll also hear where you used active voice and passive voice and how they shift your work’s tone. This is where you can identify sentences that will benefit from shifting from one voice to the other.</p> <p>Let’s say you’ve detected a few awkward instances of passive voice in your <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/argumentative-essay/">argumentative essay</a>, such as:</p> <p><em>“More flexible scheduling options are deserved by students.”</em></p> <p>and</p> <p><em>“Significant amounts of tuition are paid to the university every year, and many feel the level of service being paid for by students is not being received.”</em></p> <p>See how these sentences feel like they’re dancing around the topic rather than addressing it head-on? The writer isn’t making a particularly persuasive argument, but they can make their writing far more <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/impactful/">impactful</a> by changing it to active voice.</p> <p>To do this, sentence by sentence, identify who or what is performing the action and make that the subject when you rewrite it. In the first sentence, make “students” the subject since they’re performing the action.</p> <p>The main verb in this sentence is “deserve,” and the target is “more flexible scheduling options,” which will become the direct object in your new sentence. Restructure it so that the subject directly performs the verb:</p> <p><em>“Students deserve more flexible scheduling options.”</em></p> <p>See how this version gets right to the point? It makes the writer sound more confident too, which is a priority in argumentative writing. Now let’s try changing the second sentence:</p> <p><em>“Students pay significant amounts of tuition to the university every year, and many feel they aren’t receiving the level of service they’re paying for.”</em></p> <p>As you can see from this <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/compound-sentence/">compound sentence</a>, you can write any kind of sentence in either voice as long as it has a <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs/">transitive verb</a>. Whether it’s a simple or <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/complex-sentence/">complex sentence</a> (or even compound-complex), you can dramatically alter your tone by simply reworking its structure.</p> <p>If you aren’t sure whether a sentence is active or passive based on how it sounds, use the rules outlined above to identify both voices in your work. The biggest clue that you have a passive voice sentence will be a form of “to be” followed by a past participle (e.g., “was requested” or “will be missed”).</p> <p>Not every passive voice sentence states who is performing the action, but if it does, you’ll see a preposition next to it (e.g., “by zombies” or “by my brother”).</p> <p>You can use either voice when <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/paraphrase/">paraphrasing</a> longer works. Sometimes, such as when paraphrasing a scientific article, you’ll need to use passive voice; in other cases, you might clarify the original text by paraphrasing in active voice. <a name="5"></a></p> <h2>Active voice and passive voice examples</h2> <p>Take a look at these examples of both active voice and passive voice in action:</p> <p><b>Active:</b> <i>Is Ajani visiting us today?</i></p> <p><b>Passive:</b> <i>Will we be visited by Ajani today?</i></p> <p>As you see, questions can be written in either voice.</p> <p>Other kinds of sentences, like exclamatory and imperative sentences, are often best written in active voice:</p> <p><b>Active:</b> <i>Please remove your shoes before entering my house. </i></p> <p><b>Passive:</b> <i>Shoes should be removed before entering my house. </i></p> <p><b>Active:</b> <i>Lock the door!</i></p> <p><b>Passive:</b> <i>Let the door be locked!</i></p> <p>See how, with the first pair, passive voice makes the request feel more like a suggestion? In the second pair, passive voice makes the message sound stilted and formal rather than an urgent exclamation.</p> <p>Now take a look at these two examples:</p> <p><b>Active:</b> <i>I poured the solution into the beaker and heated it to 100℉.</i></p> <p><b>Passive: </b><i>The solution was poured into the beaker and heated to 100℉.</i> <a name="6"></a></p> <h2>Active voice and passive voice FAQs</h2> <h3>What are the rules of active voice and passive voice?</h3> <p>The rule of active voice states that the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb, creating clear and direct sentences. The rule of passive voice indicates that the subject receives the action, often leading to a less direct structure where the doer may be omitted.</p> <h3>When should you use active voice vs. passive voice?</h3> <p>Use active voice in any sentence that focuses on the doer of the action. Unless the majority of your writing is scientific or reporting incidents involving unknown perpetrators, most of the sentences you write should be in active voice. Passive voice is meant for sentences in which you need to emphasize the target of an action or the action itself rather than who or what is performing the verb.</p> <h3>How do you change passive voice to active voice?</h3> <p>To change passive voice to active voice, determine who is actually performing the action in the sentence, then restructure the sentence so that the performer is the focus, clearly performing the verb upon the sentence’s direct object.</p> <h3>How do you change active voice to passive voice?</h3> <p>To change active voice to passive voice, identify the object of the active voice sentence, make it the subject of the new sentence, and use a form of “to be” followed by the past participle of the main verb, often including the original subject introduced by “by.”</p> </div><div></div></article></div><div class="_16iRt-container"><div class="Zot8A-title">Your writing, at its best.</div><button type="button" class="_2kB5f-basicButton A2rlO-schemePrimaryOnLight 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Grammarly","unmanagedHead":"\n\n<meta name="description" content="Understand active voice vs. passive voice with these helpful guidelines and examples. Learn to use active voice and passive voice correctly in your writing."/>\n<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/sentences/active-vs-passive-voice/" />\n\n\n</script>\n</script>\n\t\t<meta property="fb:pages" content="139729956046003" />\n\t\t\n\n<script type="application/ld+json" class="saswp-schema-markup-output">\n[{"@context":"https:\\/\\/schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","@id":"https:\\/\\/www.grammarly.com\\/blog\\/sentences\\/active-vs-passive-voice\\/#FAQPage","headline":"Active vs. Passive Voice","keywords":"Awareness, ESL, FAQ, Grammarly Free, Make Progress,","datePublished":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","dateCreated":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Marika Wegerbauer"},"mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"What is active voice, what is passive voice, and what\\u2019s the difference?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"In the active voice, the sentence\\u2019s subject performs the action on the action\\u2019s target. In the passive voice, the target of the action is the main focus, and the verb acts upon the subject. There are numerous differences between the two grammatical voices, but the most important is that the active voice is clearer and more direct, while the passive voice is subtler and can feel more detached.\\u00a0\\r\\n"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When should you use active voice?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Use the active voice in any sentence that focuses on the doer of the action. 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Learn to use active voice and passive voice correctly in your writing.","articleBody":"What is active voice and passive voice? Active and passive voice are the two grammatical voices in English, each with distinct structures and purposes. \\tWhat is active voice? In active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb: \\u201cThe dog chased the cat.\\u201d \\tWhat is passive voice? In passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb: \\u201cThe cat was chased by the dog.\\u201d \\tWhen should you use active voice versus passive voice? Use active voice for clarity and directness; use passive voice to emphasize the action or recipient or when the doer is unknown or irrelevant. \\tHow do you change from passive voice to active voice? To change passive voice to active voice, identify the true subject (doer) and make it the focus of the sentence, followed by the verb and object. What is active voice and passive voice, and when do you use them? Take the sentence \\u201cI want ice cream now.\\u201d It\\u2019s clear and straightforward; you know immediately that the subject, \\u201cI,\\u201d wants an object, \\u201cice cream.\\u201d Now recast this sentence, flipping it so the former object is in the subject\\u2019s position: \\u201cIce cream is wanted by me now.\\u201d It isn\\u2019t just longer, but it\\u2019s also more detached and a little awkward. Those two sentences are examples of active voice and passive voice. Although it\\u2019s commonly suggested to avoid passive voice in writing in favor of active voice, there are times when passive voice is the best choice. Most times, active voice is optimal. Whether you\\u2019re crafting a compelling narrative, presenting scientific findings, or composing a business report, understanding how, when, and why to use active voice and passive voice is key to being an effective writer and speaker. Here, we explore their definitions, provide examples, and offer guidelines on when to use each voice. Table of contents What is active voice and passive voice? What\\u2019s the difference between active voice and passive voice? Should you write in active voice or passive voice? How to change active voice to passive voice Active voice and passive voice examples Active voice and passive voice FAQs What is active voice and passive voice? Active and passive are the two grammatical voices in English. Neither is inherently better than the other, but each is distinctly different and suited to certain types of writing. Active voice is a grammatical structure in which the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb, creating a direct and clear expression, such as \\u201cThe cat ate the food.\\u201d Passive voice occurs when the subject receives the action of the verb, often resulting in a more indirect construction, like \\u201cThe food was eaten by the cat.\\u201d While active voice typically makes writing more engaging and dynamic, passive voice can be useful for emphasizing the action or the recipient rather than the doer, depending on the context. We\\u2019ll explore when you should use either voice later in this article, but first, let\\u2019s get more familiar with active voice and passive voice. Active voice In active voice sentences, the subject comes before the verb, and the object (if present) follows the verb. This structure creates\\u2014i.e., active voice\\u2014a direct, clear, and often more dynamic tone. Here are some simple, direct examples of active voice: The dog chases the ball. Notice how the subject, dog, is performing the action, chase, on the target of the action, ball. Here are three more examples of sentences in active voice: Shira likes birdwatching. She loves twilight. I drank all the milk. No matter what verb you use, structuring your sentence so the subject performs the verb is writing in active voice. Passive voice In passive voice, the action\\u2019s target is the focus, and the subject receives the action of the verb. Or, to put it in passive voice, the subject is acted upon by some other grammatical element, performing the action of the verb. Additionally, every sentence in passive voice contains two verbs: a conjugated form of \\u201cto be\\u201d and the main verb\\u2019s past participle. The ball is being chased by the dog. In passive voice, the action\\u2019s target, ball, is positioned first as the grammatical subject of the sentence, while the performer of the action (if mentioned at all) is introduced later in the sentence, usually with the preposition \\u201cby.\\u201d Additionally, there are two verbs in passive voice sentences: \\u201cis being\\u201d (a conjugated form of the \\u201cto be\\u201d) and the main verb\\u2019s past participle (\\u201cchased\\u201d). Take a look at the examples used to showcase active voice, written here in passive voice: Birdwatching is liked by Shira. Twilight is loved by her. All the milk was drunk by me. Notice how the recipients of the actions\\u2014formerly the direct objects of the sentences, now the subjects\\u2014are the focus, and the sentences now contain a conjugated form of \\u201cto be\\u201d and the main verb\\u2019s past participle. Sentences in passive voice are often longer than sentences in active voice simply because they have to include additional words like prepositions. Take a look at this sentence in passive voice: Summer break is loved by my friends. It takes seven words to communicate the message. If it were written in active voice, the same sentiment could be captured in five words: My friends loved summer break. However, sentences written in passive voice don\\u2019t necessarily need a preposition. Take a look at the example sentences below: The check was paid. He will be remembered. The Philippines is known for its marine biodiversity. What\\u2019s the difference between active voice and passive voice? The primary difference between active voice and passive voice is their tone, emphasis, and sentence structure. Active voice presents a more direct and dynamic approach, clearly identifying who or what is performing an action. Passive voice offers a subtler tone, shifting the emphasis away from the doer and onto the action itself or its recipient. Should you write in active voice or passive voice? Both active voice and passive voice play an important role in writing, and when to use either depends on what you\\u2019re writing and the desired emphasis. It\\u2019s important to be intentional with your selection because the choice between active voice and passive voice can significantly impact the tone, emphasis, and clarity of your writing. Advantages of Active Voice Many perceive active voice as stronger and more engaging. It\\u2019s generally preferred for its conciseness and clarity, making it ideal for most writing situations where you want to emphasize who or what is performing an action. For example, in a business report, saying \\u201cThe marketing team launched the new campaign\\u201d clearly identifies the subject and the action, allowing readers to quickly grasp who is responsible for the initiative. Active voice is also the top choice for authors of opinion pieces; it makes them sound very sure of their positions. Regardless, you should use active voice when you want the reader to focus on the noun in your sentence that is performing the action described by the verb rather than on the action\\u2019s target or recipient. For most of the writing you do, like emails, blog posts, and many kinds of essays, active voice is a more effective way to communicate the ideas, themes, and facts you\\u2019re expressing. Advantages of Passive Voice In certain kinds of writing, though, passive voice is necessary. It\\u2019s best used when it\\u2019s more important to focus on the recipient of the action rather than the person who performed it. While often wordier, this nuanced approach can be particularly useful when the doer is unknown or irrelevant or when you want to maintain a more formal or objective tone. For instance, passive voice is used in lab reports because it conveys scientific objectivity by minimizing the focus on the doer of the action. News anchors and crime reporters also frequently use passive voice; it allows them to come across as detached from the stories they\\u2019re reporting. These are examples of good use of passive voice: A car was broken into on Elm Street last night. Cash was stolen from the register. In these kinds of reports, passive voice emphasizes the action that occurred rather than the individual or group who committed the action, often because the perpetrator isn\\u2019t known or hasn\\u2019t yet been found guilty of the offense. There are other kinds of writing where the action itself, rather than the doer of the action, is the primary focus. These include scientific and, in some cases, historical reports. These use passive voice to keep the reader\\u2019s focus on what has happened or is happening. Here are a few examples: The rats were placed into the maze. The governor was inaugurated at the statehouse. Notice how, in both of these sentences, the doer of the action isn\\u2019t mentioned. That\\u2019s because it\\u2019s either implied or irrelevant. In the first example, the scientist performing the experiment is the one who placed the rats in the maze. In the second, those conducting the inauguration ceremony aren\\u2019t relevant to what\\u2019s being expressed in the sentence. When considering using passive voice, be mindful that it can create confusion about who performed the action. If this detail is important, you may want to reconsider. \\u00a0You don\\u2019t have to guess whether you\\u2019re using certain words correctly or breaking grammar rules in your writing. Grammarly can help rewrite sentences or catch passive voice as you write.\\u00a0 How to change passive voice to active voice It\\u2019s easy to change passive voice to active voice; start by identifying the noun acting and make it the subject of the sentence. It\\u2019s also easy to identify where you may need to change passive voice to active voice. To get clarity on which voice you should use throughout your writing, read your first draft aloud after you\\u2019ve finished it. Listen to how it sounds. This practice will help you catch awkward sentences and unclear phrasing. Mark them as points to revise in your next draft. You\\u2019ll also hear where you used active voice and passive voice and how they shift your work\\u2019s tone. This is where you can identify sentences that will benefit from shifting from one voice to the other. Let\\u2019s say you\\u2019ve detected a few awkward instances of passive voice in your argumentative essay, such as: \\u201cMore flexible scheduling options are deserved by students.\\u201d and \\u201cSignificant amounts of tuition are paid to the university every year, and many feel the level of service being paid for by students is not being received.\\u201d See how these sentences feel like they\\u2019re dancing around the topic rather than addressing it head-on? The writer isn\\u2019t making a particularly persuasive argument, but they can make their writing far more impactful by changing it to active voice. To do this, sentence by sentence, identify who or what is performing the action and make that the subject when you rewrite it. In the first sentence, make \\u201cstudents\\u201d the subject since they\\u2019re performing the action. The main verb in this sentence is \\u201cdeserve,\\u201d and the target is \\u201cmore flexible scheduling options,\\u201d which will become the direct object in your new sentence. Restructure it so that the subject directly performs the verb: \\u201cStudents deserve more flexible scheduling options.\\u201d See how this version gets right to the point? It makes the writer sound more confident too, which is a priority in argumentative writing. Now let\\u2019s try changing the second sentence: \\u201cStudents pay significant amounts of tuition to the university every year, and many feel they aren\\u2019t receiving the level of service they\\u2019re paying for.\\u201d As you can see from this compound sentence, you can write any kind of sentence in either voice as long as it has a transitive verb. Whether it\\u2019s a simple or complex sentence (or even compound-complex), you can dramatically alter your tone by simply reworking its structure. If you aren\\u2019t sure whether a sentence is active or passive based on how it sounds, use the rules outlined above to identify both voices in your work. The biggest clue that you have a passive voice sentence will be a form of \\u201cto be\\u201d followed by a past participle (e.g., \\u201cwas requested\\u201d or \\u201cwill be missed\\u201d). Not every passive voice sentence states who is performing the action, but if it does, you\\u2019ll see a preposition next to it (e.g., \\u201cby zombies\\u201d or \\u201cby my brother\\u201d). You can use either voice when paraphrasing longer works. Sometimes, such as when paraphrasing a scientific article, you\\u2019ll need to use passive voice; in other cases, you might clarify the original text by paraphrasing in active voice. Active voice and passive voice examples Take a look at these examples of both active voice and passive voice in action: Active: Is Ajani visiting us today? Passive: Will we be visited by Ajani today? As you see, questions can be written in either voice. Other kinds of sentences, like exclamatory and imperative sentences, are often best written in active voice: Active: Please remove your shoes before entering my house. Passive: Shoes should be removed before entering my house. Active: Lock the door! Passive: Let the door be locked! See how, with the first pair, passive voice makes the request feel more like a suggestion? In the second pair, passive voice makes the message sound stilted and formal rather than an urgent exclamation. Now take a look at these two examples: Active: I poured the solution into the beaker and heated it to 100\\u2109. Passive: The solution was poured into the beaker and heated to 100\\u2109. Active voice and passive voice FAQs What are the rules of active voice and passive voice? The rule of active voice states that the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb, creating clear and direct sentences. The rule of passive voice indicates that the subject receives the action, often leading to a less direct structure where the doer may be omitted. When should you use active voice vs. passive voice? Use active voice in any sentence that focuses on the doer of the action. Unless the majority of your writing is scientific or reporting incidents involving unknown perpetrators, most of the sentences you write should be in active voice. Passive voice is meant for sentences in which you need to emphasize the target of an action or the action itself rather than who or what is performing the verb. How do you change passive voice to active voice? To change passive voice to active voice, determine who is actually performing the action in the sentence, then restructure the sentence so that the performer is the focus, clearly performing the verb upon the sentence\\u2019s direct object. How do you change active voice to passive voice? 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