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<span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peaks_in_the_Nilgiris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peaks_in_the_Nilgiris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Peaks in the Nilgiris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peaks_in_the_Nilgiris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterfalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterfalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Waterfalls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterfalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nilgiri Mountains</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="جبال نلغيري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبال نلغيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF" title="नीलगिरि – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नीलगिरि" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Нилгири – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нилгири" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntanyes_Nilgiri" title="Muntanyes Nilgiri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muntanyes Nilgiri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADlgiri" title="Nílgiri – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nílgiri" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiri-Berge" title="Nilgiri-Berge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nilgiri-Berge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monta%C3%B1as_Nilgiri" title="Montañas Nilgiri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montañas Nilgiri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgirio" title="Nilgirio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nilgirio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiri" title="Nilgiri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nilgiri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiris" title="Nilgiris – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nilgiris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF" title="નીલગિરિ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નીલગિરિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="नीलगिरि पर्वत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नीलगिरि पर्वत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegunungan_Nilgiri" title="Pegunungan Nilgiri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pegunungan Nilgiri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niligiri" title="Niligiri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niligiri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ಬೆಟ್ಟಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ಬೆಟ್ಟಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ABps_de_Nilgiri" title="Crëps de Nilgiri – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Crëps de Nilgiri" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiris" title="Nilgiris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nilgiris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="नीलगिरि पर्वत – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नीलगिरि पर्वत" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="നീലഗിരി മലനിരകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നീലഗിരി മലനിരകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="निलगिरी पर्वतरांग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निलगिरी पर्वतरांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جبال نلجيرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جبال نلجيرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="नीलगिरि पर्वत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नीलगिरि पर्वत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="ニルギリ丘陵 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニルギリ丘陵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਨੀਲਗਿਰੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਪਹਾੜੀਆਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੀਲਗਿਰੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਪਹਾੜੀਆਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="نیلگری دیاں پہاڑیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیلگری دیاں پہاڑیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiri" title="Nilgiri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nilgiri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montes_Nilguiri_(sul_da_%C3%8Dndia)" title="Montes Nilguiri (sul da Índia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Montes Nilguiri (sul da Índia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2)" title="Нилгири (горный массив) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нилгири (горный массив)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83" title="नीलगिरिपर्वतः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नीलगिरिपर्वतः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiri" title="Nilgiri – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nilgiri" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgirivuoret" title="Nilgirivuoret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nilgirivuoret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiribergen" title="Nilgiribergen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nilgiribergen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="நீலமலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீலமலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB%D2%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Нілґірі (гори) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нілґірі (гори)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91" title="نیلگیری پہاڑ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیلگیری پہاڑ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="尼尔吉里丘陵 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼尔吉里丘陵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nilgiri_Mountains&params=11.375_N_76.75833_E_type:mountain_scale:100000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°22′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°45′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.375°N 76.75833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.375; 76.75833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiris_(mountains)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilgiris (mountains)">Nilgiris (mountains)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountain range in Tamil Nadu, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mountain range in India. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nilgiri (disambiguation)">Nilgiri</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Nilgiri Mountains</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nilgiri_Hills_Tamil_Nadu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nilgiri_Hills_Tamil_Nadu.jpg/272px-Nilgiri_Hills_Tamil_Nadu.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nilgiri_Hills_Tamil_Nadu.jpg/408px-Nilgiri_Hills_Tamil_Nadu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nilgiri_Hills_Tamil_Nadu.jpg/544px-Nilgiri_Hills_Tamil_Nadu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">View of Nilgiri Mountains and its forests</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Doddabetta" title="Doddabetta">Doddabetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,637 m (8,652 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains" title="Lists of mountains">Listing</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ultra_prominent_peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra prominent peak">Ultra</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_territories_by_highest_point" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states and territories by highest point">List of Indian states and territories by highest point</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nilgiri_Mountains&params=11.375_N_76.75833_E_type:mountain_scale:100000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°22′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°45′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.375°N 76.75833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.375; 76.75833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Naming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">English translation</th><td class="infobox-data">Blue Mountains in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_e79fcbcd9c0db6b90575b65f377f8acb5f61d032"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nilgiri_Mountains&revid=1258936695&groups=_e79fcbcd9c0db6b90575b65f377f8acb5f61d032" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nilgiri_Mountains&revid=1258936695&groups=_e79fcbcd9c0db6b90575b65f377f8acb5f61d032 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range"><span class="nowrap">Parent range</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geological_time_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological time scale">Rock age(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archean_Eon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archean Eon">Archean Eon</a>, 3000 to 500 <a href="/wiki/Mya_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mya (unit)">mya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_types" title="List of mountain types">Mountain type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">Fault</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Climbing</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Normal_route" title="Normal route"><span class="nowrap">Easiest route</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">NH 67 or <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountain_Railway" title="Nilgiri Mountain Railway">Nilgiri Mountain Railway</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nilgiri Mountains</b> form a part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>. They are located at the trijunction of the three states and connect the Western Ghats to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a>. At least 24 of the Nilgiri Mountains' peaks are above 2,000 m (6,600 ft), with the highest peak being <a href="/wiki/Doddabetta" title="Doddabetta">Doddabetta</a> at 2,637 m (8,652 ft). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word Nilgiri, comes from Tamil words <i>neelam</i> (blue) + <i>giri</i> (mountain), has been in use since at least 1117 CE. In Tamil literature it is mentioned as <i>Iraniyamuttam</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that the bluish flowers of <a href="/wiki/Kurinji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurinji">kurinji</a> shrubs gave rise to the name.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nilgiris_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nilgiris_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg/220px-Nilgiris_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nilgiris_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg/330px-Nilgiris_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nilgiris_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg/440px-Nilgiris_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Map of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etched_carnelian_beads_and_gold_jewelry,_Nilgiri_Hills_culture,_1st_millennium_CE,_Asia,_G33_South_Asia_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Etched_carnelian_beads_and_gold_jewelry%2C_Nilgiri_Hills_culture%2C_1st_millennium_CE%2C_Asia%2C_G33_South_Asia_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Etched_carnelian_beads_and_gold_jewelry%2C_Nilgiri_Hills_culture%2C_1st_millennium_CE%2C_Asia%2C_G33_South_Asia_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Etched_carnelian_beads_and_gold_jewelry%2C_Nilgiri_Hills_culture%2C_1st_millennium_CE%2C_Asia%2C_G33_South_Asia_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Etched_carnelian_beads_and_gold_jewelry%2C_Nilgiri_Hills_culture%2C_1st_millennium_CE%2C_Asia%2C_G33_South_Asia_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Etched_carnelian_beads_and_gold_jewelry%2C_Nilgiri_Hills_culture%2C_1st_millennium_CE%2C_Asia%2C_G33_South_Asia_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Etched_carnelian_beads_and_gold_jewelry%2C_Nilgiri_Hills_culture%2C_1st_millennium_CE%2C_Asia%2C_G33_South_Asia_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3494" data-file-height="1781" /></a><figcaption>Gold jewelry and <a href="/wiki/Etched_carnelian_beads" title="Etched carnelian beads">etched carnelian beads</a>, Nilgiri Hills culture, 1st millennium CE. British Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nilgiris_-_Copy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nilgiris_-_Copy.JPG/220px-Nilgiris_-_Copy.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nilgiris_-_Copy.JPG/330px-Nilgiris_-_Copy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nilgiris_-_Copy.JPG/440px-Nilgiris_-_Copy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Nilgiri Hills from Masinangudi</figcaption></figure> <p>The Nilgiri Hills are separated from the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Karnataka Plateau</a> to the north by the <a href="/wiki/Moyar_River" title="Moyar River">Moyar River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three national parks border portions of the Nilgiri mountains. <a href="/wiki/Mudumalai_National_Park" title="Mudumalai National Park">Mudumalai National Park</a> lies in the northern part of the range where Kerala, Karnataka, and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> meet, covering an area of 321 km<sup>2</sup> (124 sq mi). <a href="/wiki/Mukurthi_National_Park" title="Mukurthi National Park">Mukurthi National Park</a> lies in the southwest part of the range, in Kerala, covering an area of 78.5 km<sup>2</sup> (30.3 sq mi), which includes intact shola-grassland mosaic, habitat for the Nilgiri tahr. <a href="/wiki/Silent_Valley_National_Park" title="Silent Valley National Park">Silent Valley National Park</a> lies just to the south and contiguous with those two parks, covering an area of 89.52 km<sup>2</sup> (34.56 sq mi).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high steppes of the Nilgiri Hills have been inhabited since <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric</a> times, demonstrated by a large number of artifacts unearthed by excavators. A particularly important collection from the region can be seen in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, including those assembled by <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">colonial</a> officers <a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson_Breeks" title="James Wilkinson Breeks">James Wilkinson Breeks</a>, Major M. J. Walhouse and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Elliot_(Scottish_naturalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elliot (Scottish naturalist)">Sir Walter Elliot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first recorded use of the word <i>Nila</i> applied to this region can be traced back to 1117 CE. In the report of a general of <a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Hoysala" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala">Hoysalas</a>, who in reference to his enemies, claimed to have "frightened the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoda_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thoda people (page does not exist)">Thodas</a>, driven the Kongas underground, slaughtered the Poluvas, put to death the Maleyalas, terrified Chieftain Kala Nirpala and then proceeded to offer the peak of Nila Mountain.(presumably Doddabetta or Rangaswami peak of Peranganad in East Nilgiris) to <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, Goddess of Wealth. Neelagiri was ruled by Baduga King Kala Raja before 1117 CE."<sup id="cite_ref-Pai_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pai-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Hero_stone" title="Hero stone">hero stone</a> (<i>Veeragallu</i>) with a Kannada inscription at Vazhaithottam (Bale thota) in the Nilgiri District, dated to 10th century CE, has been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-TNKannada_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNKannada-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Kannada inscription of Hoysala king <a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_III" title="Veera Ballala III">Ballala III</a> (or his subordinate Madhava Dannayaka's son) from the 14th century CE has been discovered at the Siva (or Vishnu) temple at Nilagiri Sadarana Kote (present-day Dannayakana Kote), near the junction of Moyar and Bhavani rivers, but the temple has since been submerged by the <a href="/wiki/Bhavanisagar_dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhavanisagar dam">Bhavani Sagar dam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TNKannada_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNKannada-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-francis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-francis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1814, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Trigonometrical_Survey" title="Great Trigonometrical Survey">Great Trigonometrical Survey</a>, a sub-assistant named Keys and an apprentice named McMahon ascended the hills by the Danaynkeucottah (Dannayakana Kote) Pass, penetrated into the remotest parts, made plans, and sent in reports of their discoveries. As a result of these accounts, Messrs. Whish and Kindersley, two young Madras civilians, ventured up in pursuit of some criminals taking refuge in the mountains, and proceeded to observe the interior. They soon saw and felt enough favorable climate and terrain to excite their own curiosity, and that of others.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ooty,_Front_of_Stonehouse,_1905.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ooty%2C_Front_of_Stonehouse%2C_1905.gif/220px-Ooty%2C_Front_of_Stonehouse%2C_1905.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Ooty%2C_Front_of_Stonehouse%2C_1905.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Front of <a href="/wiki/Stone_House,_Ooty" title="Stone House, Ooty">Stonehouse</a>, 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>After the early 1820s, the hills were developed rapidly under the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, because most of the land was already privately owned by British citizens. It was a popular summer and weekend getaway for the British during the colonial days. In 1827, <a href="/wiki/Ooty" title="Ooty">Ooty</a> became the official <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a> and the summer capital of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>. Many winding hill roads were built. In 1899, the <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountain_Railway" title="Nilgiri Mountain Railway">Nilgiri Mountain Railway</a> was completed by influential and enterprising British citizens, with venture capital from the Madras government.<sup id="cite_ref-Ooty_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ooty-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, when the British <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits Settlement">Straits Settlement</a> shipped Chinese convicts to be jailed in India, the Chinese men settled in the Nilgiri mountains near <a href="/wiki/Naduvattam" class="mw-redirect" title="Naduvattam">Naduvattam</a> after their release and married <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> <a href="/wiki/Paraiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraiyan">Paraiyan</a> women, having mixed Chinese-Tamil children with them. They were documented by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Thurston" title="Edgar Thurston">Edgar Thurston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peaks_in_the_Nilgiris">Peaks in the Nilgiris</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Peaks in the Nilgiris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nilgiri_Hills_Topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nilgiri_Hills_Topo.jpg/170px-Nilgiri_Hills_Topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nilgiri_Hills_Topo.jpg/255px-Nilgiri_Hills_Topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nilgiri_Hills_Topo.jpg/340px-Nilgiri_Hills_Topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Nilgiri Hills showing some peaks</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doddabetta_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Doddabetta_view.jpg/220px-Doddabetta_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Doddabetta_view.jpg/330px-Doddabetta_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Doddabetta_view.jpg/440px-Doddabetta_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>View of Nilgiri hills from <a href="/wiki/Doddabetta" title="Doddabetta">Doddabetta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The highest point in the Nilgiris and the southern extent of the range is <a href="/wiki/Doddabetta" title="Doddabetta">Doddabetta</a> Peak (2,637 metres (8,652 ft)),<sup id="cite_ref-readersnatural_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-readersnatural-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4 km east southeast of <a href="/wiki/Udhagamandalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Udhagamandalam">Udhagamandalam</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nilgiri_Mountains&params=11_24_10_N_76_44_14_E_region:IN_type:mountain&title=Doddabetta+Peak"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°24′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°44′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.40278°N 76.73722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.40278; 76.73722</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Doddabetta Peak</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>. </p><p>Closely linked peaks in the west of Doddabetta range and nearby Udhagamandalam include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolaribetta" title="Kolaribetta">Kolaribetta</a>: height: 2,630 metres (8,629 ft)</li> <li>Makurni: 2,594 metres (8,510 ft)</li> <li>Hecuba: 2,375 metres (7,792 ft)</li> <li>Kattadadu: 2,418 metres (7,933 ft)</li> <li>Kulkudi: 2,439 metres (8,002 ft)</li></ul> <p>Snowdon (height: (2,530 metres (8,301 ft)) <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nilgiri_Mountains&params=11_26_N_76_46_E_region:IN_type:mountain&title=Snowdon"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">76°46′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.433°N 76.767°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.433; 76.767</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Snowdon</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> is the northern extent of the range. Club Hill (2,448 metres (8,031 ft)) and Elk Hill (2,466 metres (8,091 ft)) <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nilgiri_Mountains&params=11_23_55_N_76_42_39_E_region:IN_type:mountain&title=Elk+Hill"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°23′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°42′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.39861°N 76.71083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.39861; 76.71083</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Elk Hill</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> are significant elevations in this range. Snowdon, Club Hill and Elk Hill with Doddabetta, form the impressive Udhagamandalam Valley. </p><p>Devashola (height: 2,261 metres (7,418 ft)), notable for its <a href="/wiki/Blue_gum" title="Blue gum">blue gum</a> trees, is in the south of Doddabetta range. </p><p>Kulakombai (1,707 metres (5,600 ft)) is east of the Devashola. The Bhavani Valley and the Lambton's peak range of <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore_district" title="Coimbatore district">Coimbatore district</a> stretch from here. </p><p>Muttunadu Betta (height: 2,323 metres (7,621 ft)) <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nilgiri_Mountains&params=11_27_N_76_43_E_region:IN_type:mountain&title=Muttunadu+Betta"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">76°43′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.450°N 76.717°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.450; 76.717</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Muttunadu Betta</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> is about 5 km, north northwest of Udhagamandalam. Tamrabetta (Coppery Hill) (height: 2,120 metres (6,955 ft)) <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nilgiri_Mountains&params=11_22_N_76_48_E_region:IN_type:mountain&title=Tamrabetta"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°22′N</span> <span class="longitude">76°48′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.367°N 76.800°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.367; 76.800</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tamrabetta</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> is about 8 km southeast of Udhagamandalam. Vellangiri (Silvery Hill) (2,120 metres (6,955 ft)) is 16 km west-northwest of Udhagamandalam.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waterfalls">Waterfalls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Waterfalls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Catherine_Falls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/St_Catherine_Falls.jpg/220px-St_Catherine_Falls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/St_Catherine_Falls.jpg/330px-St_Catherine_Falls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/St_Catherine_Falls.jpg/440px-St_Catherine_Falls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Catherine falls</figcaption></figure> <p>The highest waterfall, Kullakamby Fall, north of Kolakambai hill, has an unbroken fall of 400 ft (120 m). Nearby is the 150 ft (46 m) Halashana falls. The second highest is <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Falls" title="Catherine Falls">Catherine Falls</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kotagiri" title="Kotagiri">Kotagiri</a>, with a 250 ft (76 m) fall, named after the wife of <a href="/wiki/M.D._Cockburn" class="mw-redirect" title="M.D. Cockburn">M.D. Cockburn</a>, believed to have introduced coffee plantations to the Nilgiri Hills. The Upper and Lower <a href="/wiki/Pykara#Pykara_Falls" title="Pykara">Pykara falls</a> have falls of 180 ft (55 m), and 200 ft (61 m), respectively. The 170 ft (52 m) <a href="/wiki/Kalhatti_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalhatti Falls">Kalhatti Falls</a> is off the Segur Peak. The Karteri Fall, near <a href="/wiki/Aruvankadu" title="Aruvankadu">Aruvankadu</a> had the first power station which supplied the original Cordite Factory with electricity. Law's Fall, near <a href="/wiki/Coonoor" title="Coonoor">Coonoor</a>, is interesting due to its association with the engineer Major G. C. Law who supervised building of the <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Ghat_Roads#Coonoor_Ghat_.28National_Highway_67.29" title="Nilgiri Ghat Roads">Coonoor Ghat road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eagan_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eagan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve_Chamarajanagara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve_Chamarajanagara.jpg/220px-Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve_Chamarajanagara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve_Chamarajanagara.jpg/330px-Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve_Chamarajanagara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve_Chamarajanagara.jpg/440px-Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve_Chamarajanagara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Bengal tiger</figcaption></figure> <p>Over 2,800 species of flowering plants, 160 species of <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">fern</a> and fern allies, countless types of flowerless plants, mosses, fungi, algae, and land lichens are found in the <i>sholas</i> of the Nilgiris. No other <a href="/wiki/Hill_station" title="Hill station">hill station</a> has as many species.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also home to mammals like the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_leopard" title="Indian leopard">Indian leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chital_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chital deer">chital deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">sambar deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">dhole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">golden jackal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_boar" title="Indian boar">Indian boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiri tahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_spotted_chevrotain" title="Indian spotted chevrotain">Indian spotted chevrotain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Black buck">black buck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">sloth bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">four-horned antelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_crested_porcupine" title="Indian crested porcupine">Indian crested porcupine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabar_giant_squirrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar giant squirrel">Malabar giant squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">honey badger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_pangolin" title="Indian pangolin">Indian pangolin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian fox">Indian fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_coated_otter" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth coated otter">smooth coated otter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Painted_bat" title="Painted bat">painted bat</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_python" title="Indian python">Indian python</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_cobra" title="King cobra">king cobra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_krait" title="Common krait">common krait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_cobra" title="Indian cobra">Indian cobra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabar_pit_viper" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar pit viper">Malabar pit viper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_keelback" title="Nilgiri keelback">Nilgiri keelback</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_garden_lizard" title="Oriental garden lizard">Oriental garden lizard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eryx_whitakeri" title="Eryx whitakeri">Eryx whitakeri</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Mugger_crocodile" title="Mugger crocodile">mugger crocodile</a> are reptiles found here. Primates include the <a href="/wiki/Lion_tailed_macaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion tailed macaque">lion tailed macaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_langur" title="Nilgiri langur">Nilgiri langur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_langur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray langur">gray langur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonnet_macaque" title="Bonnet macaque">bonnet macaque</a>. The birds found here are <a href="/wiki/Indian_peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian peacock">Indian peacock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_laughing_thrush" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilgiri laughing thrush">Nilgiri laughing thrush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_flycatcher" title="Nilgiri flycatcher">Nilgiri flycatcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_junglefowl" title="Grey junglefowl">grey junglefowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabar_pied_hornbill" title="Malabar pied hornbill">Malabar pied hornbill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabar_parakeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar parakeet">Malabar parakeet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_hornbill" title="Great hornbill">great hornbill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_wood_pigeon" title="Nilgiri wood pigeon">Nilgiri wood pigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_vulture" title="Indian vulture">Indian vulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black-hooded_oriole" title="Black-hooded oriole">black-hooded oriole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey-headed_bulbul" title="Grey-headed bulbul">grey-headed bulbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malabar_grey_hornbill" title="Malabar grey hornbill">Malabar grey hornbill</a>. Amphibians on the list are the <a href="/wiki/Purple_frog" title="Purple frog">purple frog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raorchestes_silentvalley" title="Raorchestes silentvalley"> Silent valley brush frog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabar_gliding_frog" title="Malabar gliding frog">Malabar gliding frog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beddomixalus" title="Beddomixalus">Beddomixalus</a> and many more. It is the only place in South India to have the <a href="/wiki/White_tiger" title="White tiger">white tiger</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trees_infront_of_mist_in_Ooty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trees_infront_of_mist_in_Ooty.jpg/220px-Trees_infront_of_mist_in_Ooty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trees_infront_of_mist_in_Ooty.jpg/330px-Trees_infront_of_mist_in_Ooty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trees_infront_of_mist_in_Ooty.jpg/440px-Trees_infront_of_mist_in_Ooty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Forests in the Nilgiri hills are covered in dense fog during the winter and the monsoon</figcaption></figure> <p>The dominant type of habitat is <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montane_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Montane forest">Montane forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_moist_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical moist forest">tropical moist forests</a> are also found here. Much of the forest habitats have been much disturbed or destroyed by extensive tea plantations, easy motor-vehicle access, extensive commercial planting and harvesting of non-native <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">wattle</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Acacia_dealbata" title="Acacia dealbata">Acacia dealbata</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Acacia_mearnsii" title="Acacia mearnsii">Acacia mearnsii</a></i>) plantations, and cattle grazing.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area also features one large and several smaller <a href="/wiki/Hydro-electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro-electric">hydro-electric</a> impoundments.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scotch_broom" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch broom">Scotch broom</a> has become an ecologically damaging <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Threatened plants of the Nilgiris include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">Vulnerable species</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Miliusa_nilagirica" title="Miliusa nilagirica">Miliusa nilagirica</a></i>, <i>Nothapodytes foetida</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Commiphora_wightii" title="Commiphora wightii">Commelina wightii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_species" title="Rare species">Rare species</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Ceropegia#Selected_species" title="Ceropegia">Ceropegia decaisneana</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Ceropegia#Selected_species" title="Ceropegia">Ceropegia pusilla</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Senecio#Selected_species" title="Senecio">Senecio kundaicus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">Endangered species</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Youngia_nilgiriensis" title="Youngia nilgiriensis">Youngia nilgiriensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Impatiens#Selected_species" title="Impatiens">Impatiens neo-barnesii</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Impatiens#Selected_species" title="Impatiens">Impatiens nilagirica</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Euonymus_angulatus" title="Euonymus angulatus">Euonymus angulatus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Euonymus_serratifolius" title="Euonymus serratifolius">Euonymus serratifolius</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603023512/http://www.gisdevelopment.net/events/mapindia/mapindia2000/c_m_doss.htm">"Application of GPS and GIS for the detailed Development planning"</a>. Map India 2000. 10 April 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gisdevelopment.net/events/mapindia/mapindia2000/c_m_doss.htm">the original</a> on 3 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Application+of+GPS+and+GIS+for+the+detailed+Development+planning&rft.pub=Map+India+2000&rft.date=2000-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisdevelopment.net%2Fevents%2Fmapindia%2Fmapindia2000%2Fc_m_doss.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6xNAAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Missionary Herald of the Baptist Missionary Society</i></a>. Baptist Mission House. 1886. p. 398.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Missionary+Herald+of+the+Baptist+Missionary+Society&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=Baptist+Mission+House&rft.date=1886&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6xNAAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLengerke1977" class="citation book cs1">Lengerke, Hans J. von (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i1YlAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Nilgiris: Weather and Climate of a Mountain Area in South India</i></a>. Steiner. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783515026406" title="Special:BookSources/9783515026406"><bdi>9783515026406</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nilgiris%3A+Weather+and+Climate+of+a+Mountain+Area+in+South+India&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Steiner&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9783515026406&rft.aulast=Lengerke&rft.aufirst=Hans+J.+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di1YlAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/hpg/kartik/res4.htm">"Decline of a Montane Ecosystem"</a>. Kartik Shanker Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science. February 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decline+of+a+Montane+Ecosystem&rft.pub=Kartik+Shanker+Centre+for+Ecological+Sciences%2C+Indian+Institute+of+Science&rft.date=1997-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fces.iisc.ernet.in%2Fhpg%2Fkartik%2Fres4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Nilgiri-Hills">"Nilgiri Hills"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nilgiri+Hills&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FNilgiri-Hills&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?place=Nilgiri%20Hills">"Collection search: You searched for Nilgiri"</a>. <i>British Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Collection+search%3A+You+searched+for+Nilgiri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%3Fplace%3DNilgiri%2520Hills&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pai-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pai_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPai2009" class="citation book cs1">Pai, Mohan (15 January 2009). <i>...and they created little England</i>. the-western-ghats-by-mohan-pai-hill-stations, Egmore, Chennai. pp. Ootacamund.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=...and+they+created+little+England&rft.pages=Ootacamund&rft.pub=the-western-ghats-by-mohan-pai-hill-stations%2C+Egmore%2C+Chennai&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft.aulast=Pai&rft.aufirst=Mohan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNKannada-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNKannada_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNKannada_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301220013/http://www.tnarch.gov.in/epi/kan.htm">"Kannada script (10600)"</a>. <i>Department of Archaeology - Tamil Nadu</i>. Tamil Nadu Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnarch.gov.in/epi/kan.htm">the original</a> on 1 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Archaeology+-+Tamil+Nadu&rft.atitle=Kannada+script+%2810600%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnarch.gov.in%2Fepi%2Fkan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-francis-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-francis_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis1908" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Walter (1908). <i>Madras District Gazetteers: The Nilgiris</i>. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 90–94, 102–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-2060-546-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-2060-546-6"><bdi>978-81-2060-546-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+District+Gazetteers%3A+The+Nilgiris&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=90-94%2C+102-105&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1908&rft.isbn=978-81-2060-546-6&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burton_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1851" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Richard Francis (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goabluemountains00burtrich">"Nilgiri Hills (India), Description and travel; Nilgiri Hills (India), Social life and customs"</a>. <i>Goa, and the Blue Mountains, or, Six months of sick leave</i>. London: R. Bentley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nilgiri+Hills+%28India%29%2C+Description+and+travel%3B+Nilgiri+Hills+%28India%29%2C+Social+life+and+customs&rft.btitle=Goa%2C+and+the+Blue+Mountains%2C+or%2C+Six+months+of+sick+leave&rft.place=London&rft.pub=R.+Bentley&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Richard+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoabluemountains00burtrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ooty-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ooty_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ooty.com/">"Ooty Queen of hill stations"</a>. www.ooty.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ooty+Queen+of+hill+stations&rft.pub=www.ooty.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ooty.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railtourismindia.com/Trains/HillCharters/neelgiri.html">"Nilgiri Mountain Railway"</a>. railtourismindia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nilgiri+Mountain+Railway&rft.pub=railtourismindia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railtourismindia.com%2FTrains%2FHillCharters%2Fneelgiri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarat_Chandra_Roy_(Rai_Bahadur)1959" class="citation book cs1">Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai Bahadur), ed. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UkwLAAAAIAAJ&q=enquiries+union+deported+local"><i>Man in India, Volume 39</i></a>. A. K. Bose. p. 309<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2012</span>. <q>d: Tamil-Chinese Crosses in the Nilgiris, Madras. S. S. Sarkar* (Received on 21 September 1959) During May 1959, while working on the blood groups of the Kotas of the Nilgiri Hills in the village of Kokal in Gudalur, inquiries were made regarding the present position of the Tamil-Chinese cross described by Thurston (1909). It may be recalled here that Thurston reported the above cross resulting from the union of some Chinese convicts, deported from the Straits Settlement, and local Tamil Paraiyan</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+in+India%2C+Volume+39&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=A.+K.+Bose&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUkwLAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Denquiries%2Bunion%2Bdeported%2Blocal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-readersnatural-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-readersnatural_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheffelWernet1980" class="citation book cs1">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche"><i>Natural Wonders of the World</i></a></span>. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/271">271</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89577-087-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89577-087-3"><bdi>0-89577-087-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Wonders+of+the+World&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+Association%2C+Inc&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-89577-087-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturalwondersof00sche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">District Administration, Nilgiris (8/20/2007) National Informatics Centre, Nilgiris, retrieved 8/31/2007 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in/newpages/hills_and__peaks.htm">Hills and Peaks</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eagan-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eagan_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEagan1916" class="citation book cs1">Eagan, J. S. C (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nilgiriguideandd031416mbp"><i>The Nilgiri Guide And Directory</i></a>. Vepery: S.P.C.K. Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nilgiri+Guide+And+Directory&rft.place=Vepery&rft.pub=S.P.C.K.+Press&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Eagan&rft.aufirst=J.+S.+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnilgiriguideandd031416mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANilgiri+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The District Collector, Collector's Office, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, <i>General Information</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nilgiris.nic.in/">Rare Trees, Fruits, Flowers & Animals</a> retrieved 9/2/2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidar, E. R. C. 1978. <i>Distribution and status of the Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius) 1975-1978</i>. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society; 75: 815-844.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rice, C G Dr (1984) US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, USA, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tahrfoundation.org/html/cl1.htm">The behaviour and ecology of Nilgiri Tahr</a></i>", Tahr Foundation, retrieved 4/17/2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928155241/http://www.tahrfoundation.org/html/cl1.htm">Archived</a> 28 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 103 (2-3), May-Dec 2006 356-365 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/JBNHS_103_2_3/ASHFAQ_AHMED.pdf">Habitat Modifications By Scotch Broom Cytisus scoparius Invasion of Grasslands of the Upper Nilgiris in India</a>, Ashfaq Ahmed Zarr, Asad R. Rahmani, and Mark J. Behan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219183235/http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/JBNHS_103_2_3/ASHFAQ_AHMED.pdf">Archived</a> 19 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Nayar & Sastry (1987-88) Red Data Book, Plants of India <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081219184346/http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/threatened_plants_tamil_nadu.pdf">Threatened Plants of Tamil Nadu</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nilgiri_Mountains" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nilgiri Mountains">Nilgiri Mountains</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Western_Ghats" title="Template:Western Ghats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_Ghats" title="Template talk:Western Ghats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_Ghats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western Ghats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Ghats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desh_region" title="Desh region">Desh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongu_Nadu" title="Kongu Nadu">Kongu Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_peaks_in_the_Western_Ghats" title="List of peaks in the Western Ghats">Peaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agasthyamalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Agasthyamalai">Agasthyamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambukuthi_mala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambukuthi mala">Ambukuthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamudi" title="Anamudi">Anamudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anginda_peak" title="Anginda peak">Anginda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjaneri" title="Anjaneri">Anjaneri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Budangiri" title="Baba Budangiri">Baba Budangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banasura_Hill" title="Banasura Hill">Banasura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri_(hill),_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmagiri (hill), Karnataka">Brahmagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chembra_Peak" title="Chembra Peak">Chembra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devar_Mala" title="Devar Mala">Devar Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devimala" title="Devimala">Devimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhodap" title="Dhodap">Dhodap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doddabetta" title="Doddabetta">Doddabetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don,_Dang" title="Don, Dang">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elivai_Malai" class="mw-redirect" title="Elivai Malai">Elivai Malai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravimala" title="Eravimala">Eravimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettina_Bhuja" title="Ettina Bhuja">Ettina Bhuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangamoola" title="Gangamoola">Gangamoola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himavad_Gopalaswamy_Betta" class="mw-redirect" title="Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta">Gopalaswamy Betta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illikkal_Kallu" class="mw-redirect" title="Illikkal Kallu">Illikkal Kallu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalsubai" title="Kalsubai">Kalsubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimala_Gopuram" title="Karimala Gopuram">Karimala Gopuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattumala" title="Kattumala">Kattumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemmangundi_peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemmangundi peak">Kemmangudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachadri" title="Kodachadri">Kodachadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodikuthi_Mala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodikuthi Mala">Kodikuthi Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolaribetta" title="Kolaribetta">Kolaribetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottamala" title="Kottamala">Kottamala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudremukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh">Kudremukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumara_Parvata" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumara Parvata">Kumara Parvata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumarikkal_Mala" title="Kumarikkal Mala">Kumarikkal Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurumbalakotta" title="Kurumbalakotta">Kurumbalakotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madikeri" title="Madikeri">Madikeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendragiri,_Tamil_Nadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu">Mahendragiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahuli" title="Mahuli">Mahuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malleswaran" title="Malleswaran">Malleswaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunthuvazh_Malai" title="Marunthuvazh Malai">Marunthuvazh Malai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenuliyan_Para" title="Meenuliyan Para">Meenuliyan Para</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meesapulimala" title="Meesapulimala">Meesapulimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukurthi" title="Mukurthi">Mukurthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayanagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullayanagiri">Mullayanagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumpara_Peak" title="Nedumpara Peak">Nedumpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padagiri" title="Padagiri">Padagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paithalmala" title="Paithalmala">Paithalmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumal_Malai" class="mw-redirect" title="Perumal Malai">Perumal Malai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapgad" title="Pratapgad">Pratapgad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandar_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Purandar fort">Purandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raigad_Fort" title="Raigad Fort">Raigad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgad" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajgad">Rajgad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangaswamy_Peak_and_Pillar" title="Rangaswamy Peak and Pillar">Rangaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranipuram" title="Ranipuram">Ranipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratangad" title="Ratangad">Ratangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salher" title="Salher">Salher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saptashrungi" title="Saptashrungi">Saptashrungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saputara" title="Saputara">Saputara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhagad" title="Sinhagad">Sinhagad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sispara" title="Sispara">Sispara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonsogor" title="Sonsogor">Sonsogor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadiandamol" title="Tadiandamol">Tadiandamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taramati" title="Taramati">Taramati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torna_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Torna fort">Torna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagamon" title="Vagamon">Vagamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandaravu" title="Vandaravu">Vandaravu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varayadumotta" title="Varayadumotta">Varayadumotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavul_Mala" title="Vavul Mala">Vavul Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velliangiri_Mountains" title="Velliangiri Mountains">Velliangiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambanad_Hills" title="Ambanad Hills">Ambanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaimalai_Hills" title="Anaimalai Hills">Anaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Biligiriranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Hills" title="Cardamom Hills">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satmala_Range" title="Satmala Range">Satmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbari_Range" title="Selbari Range">Selbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani_Hills" title="Palani Hills">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumoorthy_hills" title="Thirumoorthy hills">Thirumoorthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Range" title="Trimbakeshwar Range">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achankovil" title="Achankovil">Achankovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adan_River" title="Adan River">Adan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarja" title="Amarja">Amarja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambankadavu_River" title="Ambankadavu River">Ambankadavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjarakandi_River" title="Anjarakandi River">Anjarakandi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkavathi_River" title="Arkavathi River">Arkavathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayalurpuzha_River" title="Ayalurpuzha River">Ayalurpuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banganga_River_(Maharashtra)" title="Banganga River (Maharashtra)"> Banganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadra_River" title="Bhadra River">Bhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathappuzha" title="Bharathappuzha">Bharathappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavani_River" title="Bhavani River">Bhavani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhima_River" title="Bhima River">Bhima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindusara_River" title="Bindusara River">Bindusara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_River" title="Chakra River">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy_River" title="Chalakudy River">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaliyar" title="Chaliyar">Chaliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherukunnapuzha" title="Cherukunnapuzha">Cherukunnapuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherupuzha_(Karulai)" title="Cherupuzha (Karulai)">Cherupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheruthoni" title="Cheruthoni">Cheruthoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitravathi_River" title="Chitravathi River">Chitravathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittar_River" title="Chittar River">Chittar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulki_Nala" title="Chulki Nala">Chulki Nala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulliyar_River" title="Chulliyar River">Chulliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahisar_River" title="Dahisar River">Dahisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman_Ganga_River" title="Daman Ganga River">Daman Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandavati" title="Dandavati">Dandavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darna_River" title="Darna River"> Darna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edamalayar" title="Edamalayar">Edamalayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangavalli_River" title="Gangavalli River">Gangavalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayathripuzha_River" title="Gayathripuzha River">Gayathripuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghataprabha_River" title="Ghataprabha River">Ghataprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girna_River" title="Girna River">Girna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomai_River" title="Gomai River">Gomai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhi_River" title="Gomukhi River">Gomukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurupura_River" title="Gurupura River">Gurupura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemavati_River" title="Hemavati River">Hemavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnuhole" title="Honnuhole">Honnuhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indravati_River" title="Indravati River">Indravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrayani_River" title="Indrayani River">Indrayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iruvanjippuzha" title="Iruvanjippuzha">Iruvanjippuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithikkara_River" title="Ithikkara River">Ithikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabini_River" title="Kabini River">Kabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadalundi_River" title="Kadalundi River">Kadalundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadva_River" title="Kadva River">Kadva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_River_(Karnataka)" title="Kali River (Karnataka)">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallada_River" title="Kallada River">Kallada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallayi_River" title="Kallayi River">Kallayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpathipuzha_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalpathipuzha River">Kalpathipuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappuzha_(Mannarkkad)" title="Kanjirappuzha (Mannarkkad)">Kanjirappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannadipuzha_River" title="Kannadipuzha River">Kannadipuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamana_River" title="Karamana River">Karamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanja_River" title="Karanja River"> Karanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karha_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Karha river">Karha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimpuzha_(Malappuram)" title="Karimpuzha (Malappuram)">Karimpuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedaka_River" title="Kedaka River">Kedaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodaganar_River" title="Kodaganar River">Kodaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodavanar_River" title="Kodavanar River">Kodavanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokkiliyar_River" title="Kokkiliyar River">Kokkiliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_River_(Maharashtra)" title="Kolar River (Maharashtra)">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korapuzha" title="Korapuzha">Korapuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korayar" class="mw-redirect" title="Korayar">Korayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottappuzha" title="Kottappuzha">Kottappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyna_River" title="Koyna River">Koyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubja_River" title="Kubja River">Kubja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaradhara_River" title="Kumaradhara River">Kumaradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumudvathi_River" title="Kumudvathi River">Kumudvathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundali_River" title="Kundali River">Kundali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalika_River" title="Kundalika River">Kundalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunthipuzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunthipuzha">Kunthipuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurumali_River" title="Kurumali River">Kurumali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuthirappuzha" title="Kuthirappuzha">Kuthirappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana_Tirtha" title="Lakshmana Tirtha">Lakshmana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madatharuvi" title="Madatharuvi">Madatharuvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9_River" title="Mahé River">Mahé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malampuzha_River" title="Malampuzha River">Malampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaprabha_River" title="Malaprabha River">Malaprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalam_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangalam river">Mangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimala_River" title="Manimala River">Manimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimuthar_River_(tributary_of_Thamirabarani)" title="Manimuthar River (tributary of Thamirabarani)">Manimuthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjalar_River" title="Manjalar River">Manjalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjira_River" title="Manjira River">Manjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_River_(Western_Ghats)" title="Markandeya River (Western Ghats)">Markandeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruthappuzha" title="Maruthappuzha">Maruthappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenachil_River" title="Meenachil River">Meenachil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenkarappuzha" title="Meenkarappuzha">Meenkarappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithi_River" title="Mithi River">Mithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyar_River" title="Moyar River">Moyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_River_(India)" title="Mula River (India)">Mula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula-Mutha_River" title="Mula-Mutha River">Mula-Mutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayar" title="Mullayar">Mullayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutha_River" title="Mutha River">Mutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthirapuzha_River" title="Muthirapuzha River">Muthirapuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanganjiyar_River" title="Nanganjiyar River">Nanganjiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neerppuzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Neerppuzha">Neerppuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netravati_River" title="Netravati River">Netravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neyyar River">Neyyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nira_River" title="Nira River">Nira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyyal_River" title="Noyyal River">Noyyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshiwara_River" title="Oshiwara River">Oshiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachaiyar_River" title="Pachaiyar River">Pachaiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahrali_River" title="Pahrali River">Pahrali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painganga_River" title="Painganga River">Painganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palar_River" title="Palar River">Palar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palar_River_(Kaveri_basin)" title="Palar River (Kaveri basin)">Palar (Kaveri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallichelaru_River" title="Pallichelaru River">Pallichelaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamba_River" title="Pamba River">Pamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambar_River_(Kerala)" title="Pambar River (Kerala)">Pambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambar_River_(Northern_Tamil_Nadu)" title="Pambar River (Northern Tamil Nadu)">Pambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchagangavalli_River" title="Panchagangavalli River">Panchagangavalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchganga_River" title="Panchganga River">Panchganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandippuzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandippuzha">Pandippuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzara_River" title="Panzara River">Panzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papagni_River" title="Papagni River">Papagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papanasini_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Papanasini River">Papanasini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parambikulam_River" title="Parambikulam River">Parambikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patalganga_River" title="Patalganga River">Patalganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavana_River" title="Pavana River">Pavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payaswini" class="mw-redirect" title="Payaswini">Payaswini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penna_River" title="Penna River">Penna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinjankutti" title="Perinjankutti">Perinjankutti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar_River" title="Periyar River">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poisar_River" title="Poisar River">Poisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnaiyar_River" title="Ponnaiyar River">Ponnaiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranahita_River" title="Pranahita River">Pranahita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punnappuzha" title="Punnappuzha">Punnappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Godavari)" title="Purna River (tributary of Godavari)">Purna (Godavari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Tapti)" title="Purna River (tributary of Tapti)">Purna (Tapti)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dnyanganga" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dnyanganga">Dnyanganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_River" title="Savitri River">Savitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahanur_River" title="Shahanur River">Shahanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambhavi_River" title="Shambhavi River">Shambhavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharavati" title="Sharavati">Sharavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimsha" title="Shimsha">Shimsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivana_River" title="Shivana River">Shivana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindphana_River" title="Sindphana River">Sindphana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souparnika_River" title="Souparnika River">Souparnika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansa_River" title="Tansa River">Tansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapti_River" title="Tapti River">Tapti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasso_River" title="Tasso River">Tasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamirabarani_River" title="Thamirabarani River">Thamirabarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuppanadippuzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuppanadippuzha">Thuppanadippuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuthapuzha" title="Thuthapuzha">Thuthapuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur_River" title="Tirur River">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunga_River" title="Tunga River">Tunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungabhadra_River" title="Tungabhadra River">Tungabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhas_River" title="Ulhas River">Ulhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaan_River" title="Vaan River">Vaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaippar_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaippar river">Vaippar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valapattanam_River" title="Valapattanam River">Valapattanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandazhippuzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandazhippuzha">Vandazhippuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varada" title="Varada">Varada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varahi_River" title="Varahi River">Varahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashishti_River" title="Vashishti River">Vashishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedavathi_River" title="Vedavathi River">Vedavathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venna_River" title="Venna River">Venna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrishabhavathi_River" title="Vrishabhavathi River">Vrishabhavathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wainganga_River" title="Wainganga River">Wainganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardha_River" title="Wardha River">Wardha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Waterfalls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Falls" title="Abbey Falls">Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruvikkuzhy_Falls" title="Aruvikkuzhy Falls">Aruvikkuzhy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athirappilly_Falls" title="Athirappilly Falls">Athirappilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyanar_Falls" title="Ayyanar Falls">Ayyanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaje_Falls" title="Bandaje Falls">Bandaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkana_Falls" title="Barkana Falls">Barkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Falls" title="Catherine Falls">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charpa_Falls" title="Charpa Falls">Charpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunchanakatte_Falls" title="Chunchanakatte Falls">Chunchanakatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtallam" title="Courtallam">Courtallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devaragundi" title="Devaragundi">Devaragundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devkund_Waterfall" title="Devkund Waterfall">Devkund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudhsagar_Falls" title="Dudhsagar Falls">Dudhsagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godchinamalaki_Falls" title="Godchinamalaki Falls">Godchinamalaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokak_Falls" title="Gokak Falls">Gokak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanumangundi_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanumangundi Falls">Hanumangundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbe_Falls" title="Hebbe Falls">Hebbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogenakkal_Falls" title="Hogenakkal Falls">Hogenakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irupu_Falls" title="Irupu Falls">Irupu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaladurga" title="Jaladurga"> Jaladurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jog_Falls" title="Jog Falls">Jog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalhatti_Falls,_Ooty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalhatti Falls, Ooty">Kalhatti (Nilgiris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalhatti_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalhatti Falls">Kalhatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katary_Falls" title="Katary Falls">Katary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbakkarai_Falls" title="Kumbakkarai Falls">Kumbakkarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhavurutty_Waterfalls" title="Kumbhavurutty Waterfalls">Kumbhavurutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunchikal_Falls" title="Kunchikal Falls">Kuchikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kune_Falls" title="Kune Falls">Kune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutladampatti_Falls" title="Kutladampatti Falls">Kutladampatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law%27s_Falls,_Coonoor" title="Law's Falls, Coonoor">Law's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magod_Falls" title="Magod Falls">Magod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallalli_Falls" title="Mallalli Falls">Mallalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manalar_Waterfalls" title="Manalar Waterfalls">Manalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenmutty_Falls,_Wayanad" class="mw-redirect" title="Meenmutty Falls, Wayanad"> Meenmutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Falls" title="Monkey Falls">Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthyala_Maduvu" title="Muthyala Maduvu">Muthyala Maduvu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliyarik_Waterfalls" title="Oliyarik Waterfalls">Oliyarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaruvi_Falls" title="Palaruvi Falls">Palaruvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandavgad_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavgad Falls">Pandavgad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattathippara_Falls" title="Pattathippara Falls">Pattathippara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perunthenaruvi_Falls" title="Perunthenaruvi Falls">Perunthenaruvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahasrakund_Waterfall" title="Sahasrakund Waterfall">Sahasrakund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathodi_Falls" title="Sathodi Falls">Sathodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengupathi_Falls" title="Sengupathi Falls">Sengupathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivanasamudra_Falls" title="Shivanasamudra Falls">Shivanasamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivganga_falls" title="Shivganga falls">Shivganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siruvani_Waterfalls" title="Siruvani Waterfalls">Siruvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soochipara_Falls" title="Soochipara Falls">Soochipara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suruli_Falls" title="Suruli Falls">Suruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalaiyar_Falls" title="Thalaiyar Falls">Thalaiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thusharagiri_Falls" title="Thusharagiri Falls">Thusharagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirparappu_Waterfalls" title="Tirparappu Waterfalls">Tirparappu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulakkai_Aruvi_Waterfalls" title="Ulakkai Aruvi Waterfalls">Ulakkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchalli_Falls" title="Unchalli Falls">Unchalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaideki_Falls" title="Vaideki Falls">Vaideki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapoha_Falls" title="Vajrapoha Falls">Vajrapoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattaparai_Falls" title="Vattaparai Falls">Vattaparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhachal_Falls" title="Vazhachal Falls">Vazhachal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_Lake,_Nilgiris" title="Avalanche Lake, Nilgiris">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berijam_Lake" title="Berijam Lake">Berijam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodaikanal_Lake" title="Kodaikanal Lake">Kodaikanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooty_Lake" title="Ooty Lake">Ooty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pykara" title="Pykara">Pykara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasthamkotta" title="Sasthamkotta">Sasthamkotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellayani_Lake" title="Vellayani Lake">Vellayani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected areas<br />and reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anamalai_Tiger_Reserve" title="Anamalai Tiger Reserve">Anamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annekal_Reserved_Forest" title="Annekal Reserved Forest">Annekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralam_Reserved_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Aralam Reserved Forest">Aralam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agasthyamala_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve">Agasthyamala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agasthyavanam_Biological_Park" title="Agasthyavanam Biological Park">Agasthyavanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipur_National_Park" title="Bandipur National Park">Bandipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerghatta_National_Park" title="Bannerghatta National Park">Bannerghatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadra_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary">Bhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimgad_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary">Bhimgad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary">Brahmagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandoli_National_Park" title="Chandoli National Park">Chandoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimmony_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary">Chimmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinnar_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary">Chinnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandeli_National_Park" title="Dandeli National Park">Dandeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravikulam_National_Park" title="Eravikulam National Park">Eravikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_Hills_National_Park" title="Grass Hills National Park">Grass Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grizzled_Squirrel_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary">Grizzled Squirrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Tiger_Reserve" title="Kali Tiger Reserve">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalakkad_Mundanthurai_Tiger_Reserve" title="Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve">Kalakkad-Mundanthurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karian_Shola_National_Park" title="Karian Shola National Park">Karian Shola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnala_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Karnala Bird Sanctuary">Karnala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodaikanal_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary">Kodaikanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyna_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary">Koyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudremukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh">Kudremukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mhadei_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary">Mhadei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudumalai_National_Park" title="Mudumalai National Park">Mudumalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukurthi_National_Park" title="Mukurthi National Park">Mukurthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarhole_National_Park" title="Nagarhole National Park">Nagarhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amarambalam_Reserved_Forest" title="New Amarambalam Reserved Forest">New Amarambalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyar_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary">Neyyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani_Hills_Wildlife_Sanctuary_and_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parambikulam_Tiger_Reserve" title="Parambikulam Tiger Reserve">Parambikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peechi-Vazhani_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary">Peechi-Vazhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppara_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary">Peppara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar_National_Park" title="Periyar National Park">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary">Pushpagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhanagari_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary">Radhanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAI_Sanctuary" title="SAI Sanctuary">SAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathyamangalam_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary">Sathyamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shendurney_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary">Shendurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Valley_National_Park" title="Silent Valley National Park">Silent Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Someshwara_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary">Someshwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talakaveri_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary">Talakaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanthai_Periyar_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Thanthai Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary">Thanthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayanad_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary">Wayanad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghats and gaps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_Ghat" title="Amba Ghat">Amba Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amboli_Ghat" title="Amboli Ghat">Amboli Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhor_Ghat" title="Bhor Ghat">Bhor Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorla_Ghat" title="Chorla Ghat">Chorla Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Gap" title="Goa Gap">Goa Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbharli_Ghat" title="Kumbharli Ghat">Kumbharli Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naneghat" title="Naneghat">Naneghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad_Gap" title="Palakkad Gap">Palakkad Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamhini_Ghat" title="Tamhini Ghat">Tamhini Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thal_Ghat" title="Thal Ghat">Thal Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varandha_Ghat" title="Varandha Ghat">Varandha Ghat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dams and<br />reservoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aathupalayam_Dam" title="Aathupalayam Dam">Aathupalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyar_Reservoir" title="Aliyar Reservoir">Aliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almatti_Dam" title="Almatti Dam">Almatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravathi_Dam" title="Amaravathi Dam">Amaravathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava_Sagara" title="Basava Sagara">Basava Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadra_Dam" title="Bhadra Dam">Bhadra Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhandardara_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhandardara Dam">Bhandardara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatghar_Dam" title="Bhatghar Dam">Bhatghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavanisagar_Dam" title="Bhavanisagar Dam">Bhavanisagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhushi_Dam" title="Bhushi Dam">Bhushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaskaman_Dam" title="Chaskaman Dam">Chaskaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhom_Dam" title="Dhom Dam">Dhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorur_dam" title="Gorur dam">Gorur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harangi_Dam" title="Harangi Dam">Harangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetwane_Dam" title="Hetwane Dam">Hetwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itiadoh_Dam" title="Itiadoh Dam">Itiadoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayakwadi_Dam" title="Jayakwadi Dam">Jayakwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabini_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabini Dam">Kabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadra_Dam" title="Kadra Dam">Kadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarajar_Sagar_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamarajar Sagar Dam">Kamarajar Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanher_Dam" title="Kanher Dam">Kanher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva_Reservoir" title="Kanva Reservoir">Kanva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuppanadhi_Dam" title="Karuppanadhi Dam">Karuppanadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadakwasla_Dam" title="Khadakwasla Dam">Khadakwasla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodasalli_Dam" title="Kodasalli Dam">Kodasalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiveri_Dam" title="Kodiveri Dam">Kodiveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkewadi_Dam" title="Kolkewadi Dam">Kolkewadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyna_Dam" title="Koyna Dam">Koyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Raja_Sagara" title="Krishna Raja Sagara">Krishna Raja Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnagiri_Dam" title="Krishnagiri Dam">Krishnagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linganamakki_Dam" title="Linganamakki Dam">Linganamakki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimuthar_Dam" title="Manimuthar Dam">Manimuthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettur_Dam" title="Mettur Dam">Mettur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkadal_Dam" title="Mukkadal Dam">Mukkadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulshi_Dam" title="Mulshi Dam">Mulshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallathangal_Dam" title="Nallathangal Dam">Nallathangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilwande_Dam" title="Nilwande Dam">Nilwande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orathuppalayam_Dam" title="Orathuppalayam Dam">Orathuppalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshet_Dam" title="Panshet Dam">Panshet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papanasam_dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Papanasam dam">Papanasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawana_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pawana Dam">Pawna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechiparai_Reservoir" title="Pechiparai Reservoir">Pechiparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perunchani_Dam" title="Perunchani Dam">Perunchani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Lakhamagouda_dam" title="Raja Lakhamagouda dam">Raja Lakhamagouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramtek_Dam" title="Ramtek Dam">Ramtek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renuka_Sagara" title="Renuka Sagara">Renuka Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaulim_Dam" title="Salaulim Dam">Salaulim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathanur_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sathanur Reservoir">Sathanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servalar_dam" title="Servalar dam">Servalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Sagara" title="Shanti Sagara">Shanti Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaiyar_Dam" title="Solaiyar Dam">Solaiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supa_Dam" title="Supa Dam">Supa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susri_Dam" title="Susri Dam">Susri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansa_Dam" title="Tansa Dam">Tansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temghar_Dam" title="Temghar Dam">Temghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillari_(Forebay)_Dam" title="Tillari (Forebay) Dam">Tilari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totladoh_Dam" title="Totladoh Dam">Totladoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungabhadra_Dam" title="Tungabhadra Dam">Tungabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjani_Dam" title="Ujjani Dam">Ujjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Bhavani" title="Upper Bhavani">Upper Bhavani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaigai_Dam" title="Vaigai Dam">Vaigai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitarna_Dam" title="Vaitarna Dam">Vaitarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vani_Vilasa_Sagara" title="Vani Vilasa Sagara">Vani Vilasa Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varasgaon_Dam" title="Varasgaon Dam">Varasgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varattu_Pallam_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Varattu Pallam Dam">Varattu Pallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Dam" title="Veer Dam">Veer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihar_Dam" title="Vihar Dam">Vihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waghur_Dam" title="Waghur Dam">Waghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walwan_Dam" title="Walwan Dam">Walwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeldari_Dam" title="Yeldari Dam">Yeldari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landslides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Pettimudi_landslide" title="2020 Pettimudi landslide">Pettimudi (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ankola_(Karnataka)_landslide" title="2024 Ankola (Karnataka) landslide">Ankola (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Vilangad_(Kozhikode)_landslide" title="2024 Vilangad (Kozhikode) landslide">Vilangad (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Wayanad_landslides" title="2024 Wayanad landslides">Wayanad (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Kerala" title="List of mountains in Kerala">Mountains of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_Maharashtra" title="List of mountain peaks of Maharashtra">Mountains of Maharashtra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Ghats" title="Template:Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_The_Nilgiris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_The_Nilgiris" title="Template:Tourism in The Nilgiris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_The_Nilgiris" title="Template talk:Tourism in The Nilgiris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_The_Nilgiris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in The Nilgiris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_The_Nilgiris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in <a href="/wiki/Nilgiris_district" title="Nilgiris district">The Nilgiris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Gardens and parks <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_bud_(6027707280).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rose_bud_%286027707280%29.jpg/95px-Rose_bud_%286027707280%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rose_bud_%286027707280%29.jpg/143px-Rose_bud_%286027707280%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rose_bud_%286027707280%29.jpg/190px-Rose_bud_%286027707280%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2261" data-file-height="1504" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandipur_National_Park" title="Bandipur National Park">Bandipur National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Botanical_Gardens,_Ooty" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Botanical Gardens, Ooty">Botanical Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droog_Fort,_Coonoor" title="Droog Fort, Coonoor">Droog Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Canning%27s_Seat,_Coonoor" title="Lady Canning's Seat, Coonoor">Lady Canning's Seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudumalai_National_Park" title="Mudumalai National Park">Mudumalai National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukurthi_National_Park" title="Mukurthi National Park">Mukurthi National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Rose_Garden,_Ooty" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Rose Garden, Ooty">Rose Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%27s_Park,_Coonoor" title="Sim's Park, Coonoor">Sim's Park</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nilgiris_in_Tamil_Nadu_(India).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nilgiris_in_Tamil_Nadu_%28India%29.svg/150px-Nilgiris_in_Tamil_Nadu_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nilgiris_in_Tamil_Nadu_%28India%29.svg/225px-Nilgiris_in_Tamil_Nadu_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nilgiris_in_Tamil_Nadu_%28India%29.svg/300px-Nilgiris_in_Tamil_Nadu_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1852" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Viewpoint <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_in_Needle_Rock_View_Point_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sunset_in_Needle_Rock_View_Point_.jpg/93px-Sunset_in_Needle_Rock_View_Point_.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sunset_in_Needle_Rock_View_Point_.jpg/140px-Sunset_in_Needle_Rock_View_Point_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sunset_in_Needle_Rock_View_Point_.jpg/187px-Sunset_in_Needle_Rock_View_Point_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doddabetta" title="Doddabetta">Doddabetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin%27s_Nose,_Coonoor" title="Dolphin's Nose, Coonoor">Dolphin's Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_Hill_View_Point" title="Frog Hill View Point">Frog Hill View Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_View,_Ooty" title="Valley View, Ooty">Ketti Valley view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodanad_View_Point" title="Kodanad View Point">Kodanad View Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb%27s_Rock" title="Lamb's Rock">Lamb's Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_Rock_View_Point" title="Needle Rock View Point">Needle Rock View Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangaswamy_Peak_and_Pillar" title="Rangaswamy Peak and Pillar">Rangaswamy Peak and Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Catchments" title="Western Catchments">Western Catchments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Lake and waterfalls <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pykara_waterfalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pykara_waterfalls.jpg/94px-Pykara_waterfalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pykara_waterfalls.jpg/142px-Pykara_waterfalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pykara_waterfalls.jpg/188px-Pykara_waterfalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_Lake,_Ooty" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalanche Lake, Ooty">Avalanche Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Falls" title="Catherine Falls">Catherine Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Lake,_Ooty" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerald Lake, Ooty">Emerald Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalhatti_Falls,_Ooty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalhatti Falls, Ooty">Kalhatti Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaraj_Sagar_Dam" title="Kamaraj Sagar Dam">Kamaraj Sagar Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katary_Falls" title="Katary Falls">Katary Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law%27s_Falls,_Coonoor" title="Law's Falls, Coonoor">Law's Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooty_Lake" title="Ooty Lake">Ooty Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pykara" title="Pykara">Pykara Lake and Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Bhavani" title="Upper Bhavani">Upper Bhavani Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Other tourist spots <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toda_Hut.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Toda_Hut.JPG/93px-Toda_Hut.JPG" decoding="async" width="93" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Toda_Hut.JPG/140px-Toda_Hut.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Toda_Hut.JPG/187px-Toda_Hut.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_fountain" title="Adam's fountain">Adam's fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gori_shola" title="Gori shola">Gori shola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotagiri_plantations" title="Kotagiri plantations">Kotagiri plantations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovedale,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovedale, India">Lovedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountain_Railway" title="Nilgiri Mountain Railway">Nilgiri Mountain Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilgiri mountains">Nilgiri mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooty_Golf_Course" title="Ooty Golf Course">Ooty Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooty_Racecourse" title="Ooty Racecourse">Ooty Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooty_Radio_Telescope" title="Ooty Radio Telescope">Ooty Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_House,_Ooty" title="Stone House, Ooty">Stone House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toda_people" title="Toda people">Toda huts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Events <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_show_ooty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flower_show_ooty.jpg/92px-Flower_show_ooty.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flower_show_ooty.jpg/138px-Flower_show_ooty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flower_show_ooty.jpg/184px-Flower_show_ooty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Festival_in_The_Nilgiris" title="Summer Festival in The Nilgiris">Summer Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Tourism in Tamil Nadu">Tourism in Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonoor" title="Coonoor">Coonoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudalur,_Nilgiris" title="Gudalur, Nilgiris">Gudalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotagiri" title="Kotagiri">Kotagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooty" title="Ooty">Ooty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10094#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10094#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10094#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315126583">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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