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Walker</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1" title="جوزف ووكر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوزف ووكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джо Уокър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джо Уокър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Walker" title="Joseph Walker – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joseph Walker" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Walker" title="Joseph Walker – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Joseph Walker" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="جوزف ای واکر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوزف ای واکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ジョセフ・ウォーカー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョセフ・ウォーカー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_A._Walker" title="Joseph A. Walker – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joseph A. Walker" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Walker" title="Joseph Walker – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joseph Walker" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_(%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Уокер, Джозеф (лётчик-испытатель) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уокер, Джозеф (лётчик-испытатель)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albert_Walker" title="Joseph Albert Walker – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joseph Albert Walker" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_A._Walker" title="Joseph A. Walker – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Joseph A. Walker" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B" title="约瑟夫·艾伯特·沃克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约瑟夫·艾伯特·沃克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q708395#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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Walker">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American test pilot</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American playwright, see <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Walker_(playwright)" title="Joseph A. Walker (playwright)">Joseph A. Walker (playwright)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Joseph A. Walker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Albert_Walker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Joseph_Albert_Walker.jpg/200px-Joseph_Albert_Walker.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Joseph_Albert_Walker.jpg/300px-Joseph_Albert_Walker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Joseph_Albert_Walker.jpg/400px-Joseph_Albert_Walker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Walker in 1961</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Joseph Albert Walker</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-02-20</span>)</span>February 20, 1921<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington, Pennsylvania">Washington, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 8, 1966<span style="display:none">(1966-06-08)</span> (aged 45)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">near <a href="/wiki/Barstow,_California" title="Barstow, California">Barstow, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Jefferson_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington and Jefferson College">Washington and Jefferson College</a>, B.A. 1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">Test pilot</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Experimental_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental physicist">experimental physicist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dfc-usa.jpg/20px-Dfc-usa.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dfc-usa.jpg/30px-Dfc-usa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dfc-usa.jpg/40px-Dfc-usa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="827" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/AirMed.gif/20px-AirMed.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/AirMed.gif/30px-AirMed.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/AirMed.gif/40px-AirMed.gif 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Space career</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header role"><a href="/wiki/USAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF">USAF</a> / <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronaut</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/15px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/23px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/30px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">Captain</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Forces">USAF</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time in space</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Selection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#1958" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">1958 USAF Man In Space Soonest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Missions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X-15#Highest_flights" class="mw-redirect" title="X-15">X-15 Flight 77</a>, <a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_90" title="X-15 Flight 90">X-15 Flight 90</a>, <a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_91" title="X-15 Flight 91">X-15 Flight 91</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retirement</th><td class="infobox-data">August 22, 1963</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph Albert Walker</b> (February 20, 1921 – June 8, 1966) (<a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">Capt</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a>) was an American <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator">pilot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Experimental_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental physicist">experimental physicist</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">test pilot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a>. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">North American X-15</a>, an experimental <a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">spaceplane</a> jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA. </p><p>In 1963 Walker made three flights above 50 miles, thereby qualifying as an astronaut according to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line#Alternatives_to_the_definition" title="Kármán line">the United States definition</a> of the boundary of <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a>. The latter two, X-15 Flights <a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_90" title="X-15 Flight 90">90</a> and <a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_91" title="X-15 Flight 91">91</a>, also surpassed the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>, the internationally accepted boundary of 100 kilometers (62.14 miles). Making the latter flights immediately after the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a> programs, Walker became the first person to fly to space twice. He was the only X-15 pilot to fly above 100 km during the program, and also became the first space traveler to never fly into orbit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington, Pennsylvania">Washington, Pennsylvania</a>, Walker graduated from <a href="/wiki/Trinity_High_School_(Washington,_Pennsylvania)" title="Trinity High School (Washington, Pennsylvania)">Trinity High School</a> in 1938. He earned his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Jefferson_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington and Jefferson College">Washington and Jefferson College</a> in 1942, before entering the United States Army Air Forces. He was married and had four children.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_service">Military service</h3></div> <p>During World War II, Walker flew the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">Lockheed P-38 Lightning</a> fighter and <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">F-5A Lightning</a> photo aircraft (a modified P-38) on weather <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> flights. Walker earned the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a> once, awarded by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Farragut_Twining" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Farragut Twining">General Nathan Twining</a> in July 1944, and the <a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medal</a> with seven <a href="/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster" title="Oak leaf cluster">oak leaf clusters</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Test_pilot_career">Test pilot career</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Test_pilots_1952_-_Walker,_Butchart,_and_Jones_(E-676).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Test_pilots_1952_-_Walker%2C_Butchart%2C_and_Jones_%28E-676%29.jpg/220px-Test_pilots_1952_-_Walker%2C_Butchart%2C_and_Jones_%28E-676%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Test_pilots_1952_-_Walker%2C_Butchart%2C_and_Jones_%28E-676%29.jpg/330px-Test_pilots_1952_-_Walker%2C_Butchart%2C_and_Jones_%28E-676%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Test_pilots_1952_-_Walker%2C_Butchart%2C_and_Jones_%28E-676%29.jpg/440px-Test_pilots_1952_-_Walker%2C_Butchart%2C_and_Jones_%28E-676%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Walker (L) with his fellow test pilots Butchart (C) and Jones (R), 1952</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilot_Joe_Walker_and_the_X-1A_-_GPN-2000-000095.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Pilot_Joe_Walker_and_the_X-1A_-_GPN-2000-000095.jpg/220px-Pilot_Joe_Walker_and_the_X-1A_-_GPN-2000-000095.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Pilot_Joe_Walker_and_the_X-1A_-_GPN-2000-000095.jpg/330px-Pilot_Joe_Walker_and_the_X-1A_-_GPN-2000-000095.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Pilot_Joe_Walker_and_the_X-1A_-_GPN-2000-000095.jpg/440px-Pilot_Joe_Walker_and_the_X-1A_-_GPN-2000-000095.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2354" /></a><figcaption>Joe Walker and the X-1A</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Walker_X-1E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Joe_Walker_X-1E.jpg/220px-Joe_Walker_X-1E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Joe_Walker_X-1E.jpg/330px-Joe_Walker_X-1E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Joe_Walker_X-1E.jpg/440px-Joe_Walker_X-1E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>Walker in his <a href="/wiki/Pressure_suit" title="Pressure suit">pressure suit</a><br />with the <a href="/wiki/Bell_X-1#X-1E" title="Bell X-1">X-1E</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>After World War II, Walker separated from the Army Air Forces and joined the <a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> (NACA) <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Engine_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory">Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>, as an experimental physicist. While in Cleveland, Walker became a test pilot, and he conducted icing research in flight, as well as in the NACA icing wind tunnel. He transferred to the High-Speed Flight Research Station in <a href="/wiki/Edwards,_California" title="Edwards, California">Edwards, California</a>, in 1951.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Walker served for 15 years at the Edwards Flight Research Facility – now called the <a href="/wiki/Neil_A._Armstrong_Flight_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center">Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center</a>. By the mid-1950s, he was a Chief Research Pilot. Walker worked on several pioneering research projects. He flew in three versions of the <a href="/wiki/Bell_X-1" title="Bell X-1">Bell X-1</a>: the X-1#2 (two flights, first on August 27, 1951), X-1A (one flight), X-1E (21 flights). When Walker attempted a second flight in the X-1A on August 8, 1955, the rocket aircraft was damaged in an explosion just before being launched from the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">JTB-29A mothership</a>. Walker was unhurt, though, and he climbed back into the mothership with the X-1A subsequently jettisoned.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other research aircraft that he flew were the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Skystreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Skystreak">Douglas D-558-I Skystreak</a> #3 (14 flights), <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Skyrocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Skyrocket">Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket</a> #2 (three flights), D-558-II #3 (two flights), <a href="/wiki/Douglas_X-3_Stiletto" title="Douglas X-3 Stiletto">Douglas X-3 Stiletto</a> (20 flights), <a href="/wiki/Northrop_X-4_Bantam" title="Northrop X-4 Bantam">Northrop X-4 Bantam</a> (two flights), and <a href="/wiki/Bell_X-5" title="Bell X-5">Bell X-5</a> (78 flights).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Walker was the chief project pilot for the X-3 program. Walker reportedly considered the X-3 to be the worst airplane that he ever flew. In addition to research aircraft, Walker flew many <a href="/wiki/Chase_plane" title="Chase plane">chase planes</a> during test flights of other aircraft, and he also flew in programs that involved the <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">North American F-100 Super Sabre</a>, <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">McDonnell F-101 Voodoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">Convair F-102 Delta Dagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">Lockheed F-104 Starfighter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">Boeing B-47 Stratojet</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="X-15_program">X-15 program</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Walker_beside_an_X-15_Airplane_-_GPN-2002-000012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joe_Walker_beside_an_X-15_Airplane_-_GPN-2002-000012.jpg/220px-Joe_Walker_beside_an_X-15_Airplane_-_GPN-2002-000012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joe_Walker_beside_an_X-15_Airplane_-_GPN-2002-000012.jpg/330px-Joe_Walker_beside_an_X-15_Airplane_-_GPN-2002-000012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joe_Walker_beside_an_X-15_Airplane_-_GPN-2002-000012.jpg/440px-Joe_Walker_beside_an_X-15_Airplane_-_GPN-2002-000012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2806" /></a><figcaption>Joe Walker with the X-15</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">North American X-15</a></div> <p>In 1958, Walker was one of the pilots selected for the U.S. Air Force's <a href="/wiki/Man_In_Space_Soonest" class="mw-redirect" title="Man In Space Soonest">Man In Space Soonest</a> (MISS) project, but that project never came to fruition. That same year, NACA became the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and in 1960, Walker became the first NASA pilot to fly the X-15, and the second X-15 pilot, following <a href="/wiki/Scott_Crossfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Crossfield">Scott Crossfield</a>, the manufacturer's test pilot. On his first X-15 flight, Walker did not realize how much power its rocket engines had, and he was crushed backward into the pilot's seat, screaming, "Oh, my God!". Then, a flight controller jokingly replied "Yes? You called?" Walker would go on to fly the X-15 25 times,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the only two flights that exceeded 100 kilometres (62 miles) in altitude, <a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_90" title="X-15 Flight 90">Flight 90</a> (on July 19, 1963: 106 km (66 mi)) and <a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_91" title="X-15 Flight 91">Flight 91</a> (on August 22, 1963: 108 km (67 mi)). </p><p>Walker was the first American civilian to make any spaceflight,<sup id="cite_ref-Space.com_Joseph_A_Walker_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Space.com_Joseph_A_Walker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the second civilian overall, preceded only by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonaut">cosmonaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" title="Valentina Tereshkova">Valentina Tereshkova</a><sup id="cite_ref-Valentina_Vladimirovna_Tereshkova_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentina_Vladimirovna_Tereshkova-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one month earlier. Flights 90 and 91 made Walker the first human to make multiple spaceflights according to the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">FAI</a> definition of greater than 100 km (62 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flight 77 on January 17, 1963 also qualified Walker as an astronaut, according to the US Department of Defense definition of greater than 50 mi (80 km).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walker flew at his highest speed in the X-15A-1: 4,104 mph (6,605 km/h) (<a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 5.92) during Flight 59 on June 27, 1962 (the fastest flight in any of the three X-15s was about 4,520 mph (7,274 km/h) (Mach 6.7) during Flight 188 flown by <a href="/wiki/William_J._Knight" title="William J. Knight">William J. Knight</a> on October 3, 1967).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LLRV_program">LLRV program</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Landing_Research_Vehicle" title="Lunar Landing Research Vehicle">Lunar Landing Research Vehicle</a></div> <p>Walker also became the first test pilot of the Bell <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Landing_Research_Vehicle" title="Lunar Landing Research Vehicle">Lunar Landing Research Vehicle</a> (LLRV), which was used to develop piloting and operational techniques for lunar landings. On October 30, 1964, Walker took the LLRV on its maiden flight, reaching an altitude of about 10 ft and a total flight time of just under one minute.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He piloted 35 LLRV flights in total. <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> later flew this craft many times in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> – the first human landing on the Moon – including crashing it once and barely escaping from it with his ejection seat.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg/220px-North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg/330px-North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg/440px-North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption>Walker's F-104 tumbles in flames following the midair collision with the XB-70 <i>62-0207</i> on June 8, 1966.</figcaption></figure> <p>Walker was killed on June 8, 1966, when his <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104N Starfighter</a> chase aircraft collided with a <a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">North American XB-70 Valkyrie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-xb70aincoll_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xb70aincoll-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At an altitude of about 25,000 ft (7.6 km)<sup id="cite_ref-ibixb_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibixb-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walker's Starfighter was one of five aircraft in a tight group formation for a <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> publicity photo when his F-104 drifted into contact with the XB-70's right wingtip. The F-104 flipped over, and, rolling inverted, passed over the top of the XB-70, striking both its vertical stabilizers and its left wing in the process, and exploded, killing Walker.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Valkyrie entered an uncontrollable spin and crashed into the ground north of Barstow, California, killing co-pilot Carl Cross. Its pilot, <a href="/wiki/Alvin_S._White" title="Alvin S. White">Alvin White</a>, one of Walker's colleagues from the Man In Space Soonest program, ejected and was the sole survivor. </p><p>The USAF summary report of the accident investigation stated that, given the position of the F-104 relative to the XB-70, the F-104 pilot would not have been able to see the XB-70's wing, except by uncomfortably looking back over his left shoulder. The report stated that it was likely that Walker, piloting the F-104, maintained his position by looking at the fuselage of the XB-70, forward of his position.<sup id="cite_ref-accident_report_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accident_report-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jenk_Land_p60_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenk_Land_p60-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The F-104 was estimated to be 70 ft (20 m) to the side of, and 10 ft (3 m) below, the fuselage of the XB-70. The report concluded that from that position, without appropriate sight cues, Walker was unable to properly perceive his motion relative to the Valkyrie, leading to his aircraft drifting into contact with the XB-70's wing.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenk_Land_p60_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenk_Land_p60-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-accident_report_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accident_report-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The accident investigation also pointed to the wake vortex off the XB-70's right wingtip as the reason for the F-104's sudden roll over and into the bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-accident_report_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accident_report-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sixth plane in the incident was a civilian <a href="/wiki/Learjet_23" title="Learjet 23">Learjet 23</a> that held the photographer. Because the formation flight and photo were unauthorized, the careers of several Air Force colonels ended as a result of this aviation accident.<sup id="cite_ref-cffstr_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cffstr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clpoxb_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clpoxb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Walker_Elementary.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Joe_Walker_Elementary.JPG/325px-Joe_Walker_Elementary.JPG" decoding="async" width="325" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Joe_Walker_Elementary.JPG/488px-Joe_Walker_Elementary.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Joe_Walker_Elementary.JPG/650px-Joe_Walker_Elementary.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Joe Walker Elementary School</figcaption></figure> <p>Walker was a charter member and one of the first Fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Experimental_Test_Pilots" title="Society of Experimental Test Pilots">Society of Experimental Test Pilots</a>. He received the <a href="/wiki/Collier_Trophy" title="Collier Trophy">Robert J. Collier Trophy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harmon_Trophy" title="Harmon Trophy">Harmon International Trophy for Aviators</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iven_C._Kincheloe_Award" title="Iven C. Kincheloe Award">Iven C. Kincheloe Award</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_J._Montgomery_Award" title="John J. Montgomery Award">John J. Montgomery Award</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Octave_Chanute_Award" title="Octave Chanute Award">Octave Chanute Award</a>. His alma mater awarded him an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Doctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Doctor">Honorary Doctor</a> of Aeronautical Sciences degree in 1961. He received the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="NASA Distinguished Service Medal">NASA Distinguished Service Medal</a> in 1962. The National Pilots Association named him Pilot of the Year in 1963.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1964, Walker was awarded the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walker was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Walk_of_Honor" title="Aerospace Walk of Honor">Aerospace Walk of Honor</a> in 1991,<sup id="cite_ref-ind91_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind91-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Hall of Fame">International Space Hall of Fame</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-cj_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cj-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joe Walker Middle School in <a href="/wiki/Quartz_Hill,_California" title="Quartz Hill, California">Quartz Hill, California</a>, is named in his honor as well as the <a href="/wiki/Joe_Walker_Elementary" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Walker Elementary">Joe Walker Elementary</a> School in Washington, Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 23, 2005, NASA officially conferred on Walker his <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Badge#Civilian_badges" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Badge">Astronaut Wings</a>, posthumously.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Star Trek</i> starship designer <a href="/wiki/John_Eaves" title="John Eaves">John Eaves</a> created the <i>Walker</i>-class starships named for Joseph Walker that first appeared in the 2017 TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery" title="Star Trek: Discovery">Star Trek: Discovery</a></i>, including USS <i>Shenzhou</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records" title="List of spaceflight records">List of spaceflight records</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joe+Walker+Elementary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcguffey.k12.pa.us%2Fjoewalkerelementary_home.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+A.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnsen, Frederick A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/research/X-15_wings.html">"X-15 Wings."</a>. NASA. August 23, 2005. Retrieved: September 8, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrekCore_Staff2017" class="citation web cs1">TrekCore Staff (August 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trekcore.com/blog/2017/08/star-trek-discovery-uss-shenzhou-is-a-walker-class-starship/">"DISCOVERY's USS Shenzhou is a 'Walker-Class' Starship"</a>. TrekCore<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DISCOVERY%27s+USS+Shenzhou+is+a+%27Walker-Class%27+Starship&rft.pub=TrekCore&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft.au=TrekCore+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrekcore.com%2Fblog%2F2017%2F08%2Fstar-trek-discovery-uss-shenzhou-is-a-walker-class-starship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+A.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker's X-1E was decorated with <a href="/wiki/Nose_art" title="Nose art">nose art</a> of two dice and the name "Little Joe" (Little Joe being a slang term in the game of craps). Similar artwork reading "Little Joe the II" was applied to his X-15 for record-setting Flight 91. These were two rare cases of research aircraft carrying nose art.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The famous test pilot <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Yeager" title="Chuck Yeager">Chuck Yeager</a> expressed his personal opinion that Walker's inexperience at formation flying was to blame, although no specific cause was ever determined in the subsequent accident investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-yeagerbio_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeagerbio-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Coppinger, Rob. "Three new NASA astronauts, 40 years late". <i>Flight International,</i> June 30, 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/Pilots/HTML/E-3361.html">"Joe Walker in pressure suit with X-1E."</a> <i>Dryden Flight Research Center Photo Archive.</i> Retrieved: September 8, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/Pilots/HTML/E-2668.html">"Joseph (Joe) A. Walker."</a> <i>Dryden Flight Research Center Photo Archive.</i> Retrieved: September 8, 2010.</li> <li>Jenkins, Dennis R. and Tony R. Landis. <i>North American XB-70A Valkyrie</i> WarbirdTech Volume 34. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-580-07056-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-580-07056-6">1-580-07056-6</a>.</li> <li>Lefer, David. "Higher, faster, greater: X-15 test pilot who held record for altitude, speed is honored." <i>Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</i>, November 2, 1995, p. C1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_O._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton O. Thompson">Thompson, Milton O.</a> <i>At The Edge Of Space: The X-15 Flight Program</i>, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56098-1075" title="Special:BookSources/1-56098-1075">1-56098-1075</a>.</li> <li>Winter, Frank H. and F. Robert van der Linden. "Out of the Past." <i>Aerospace America,</i> June 1991, p. 5.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/X-1A/HTML/E-1758.html">"X-1A with pilot Joe Walker."</a> <i>Dryden Flight Research Center Photo Archive</i>. Retrieved: September 8, 2010.</li> <li>Yeager, Chuck and Leo Janos. <i>Yeager: An Autobiography.</i> New York: Bantam, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-25674-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-25674-1">978-0-553-25674-1</a>.</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2000" class="citation cs2">Jenkins, Dennis R. (2000), <i>Hypersonics Before the Shuttle: A Concise History of the X-15 Research Airplane</i>, NASA Technical Reports, NASA, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2060%2F20000068530">2060/20000068530</a></span>; Document ID: 20000068530</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hypersonics+Before+the+Shuttle%3A+A+Concise+History+of+the+X-15+Research+Airplane&rft.series=NASA+Technical+Reports&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Dennis+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+A.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joseph_Albert_Walker" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Joseph Albert Walker">Joseph Albert Walker</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/Biographies/Pilots/bd-dfrc-p019.html#.VK12UHtRKBQ">Walker's official NASA biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.check-six.com/Crash_Sites/F-104N_crash_site.htm">The Crash of Walker's F-104N</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150117091649/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/waloseph.htm">Astronautix biography of Joseph A. Walker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/walker_joseph.htm">Spacefacts biography of Joseph A. Walker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.setp.org/winners/iven-c-kincheloe-recipients.html">Iven C. Kincheloe Awards</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10922729">Joseph A. Walker</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X-15_flying.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The X-15-3 in flight"><img alt="The X-15-3 in flight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/X-15_flying.jpg/100px-X-15_flying.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/X-15_flying.jpg/150px-X-15_flying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/X-15_flying.jpg/200px-X-15_flying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2998" data-file-height="2251" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American Aviation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Adams" title="Michael J. Adams">Michael Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Scott_Crossfield" title="Albert Scott Crossfield">Scott Crossfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Dana" title="William H. Dana">William Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Knight" title="William J. Knight">William Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._McKay" title="John B. McKay">John McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_S._Petersen" title="Forrest S. Petersen">Forrest Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Rushworth" title="Robert A. Rushworth">Robert Rushworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Orville_Thompson" title="Milton Orville Thompson">Milton Thompson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michael_White" title="Robert Michael White">Robert White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-15_flights" title="List of X-15 flights">List of X-15 flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_35" title="X-15 Flight 35">Flight 35</a> <small>(first flight into the mesosphere, Walker)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_62" title="X-15 Flight 62">Flight 62</a> <small>(first spaceflight, White)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_87" title="X-15 Flight 87">Flight 87</a> <small>(spaceflight, Rushworth)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_90" title="X-15 Flight 90">Flight 90</a> <small>(spaceflight, Walker)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_91" title="X-15 Flight 91">Flight 91</a> <small>(spaceflight, program altitude record, Walker)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_188" title="X-15 Flight 188">Flight 188</a> <small>(program speed record, Knight)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-15_Flight_3-65-97" title="X-15 Flight 3-65-97">Flight 191</a> <small>(spaceflight, fatality, Adams)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_X-1" title="Bell X-1">Bell X-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balls_8" title="Balls 8">Balls 8</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_speed" title="Hypersonic speed">Hypersonic speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-planes" title="List of X-planes">List of X-planes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_A._Walker&oldid=1062375640">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_A._Walker&oldid=1062375640</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1921_births" title="Category:1921 births">1921 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