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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Motivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_to_HTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_to_HTML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Relationship to HTML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_HTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions_of_XHTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions_of_XHTML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Versions of XHTML</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Versions_of_XHTML-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Versions of XHTML subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Versions_of_XHTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-XHTML_1.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_1.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>XHTML 1.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_1.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modularization_of_XHTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modularization_of_XHTML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Modularization of XHTML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modularization_of_XHTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML_1.1:_Module-based_XHTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_1.1:_Module-based_XHTML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>XHTML 1.1: Module-based XHTML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_1.1:_Module-based_XHTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML_Basic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_Basic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>XHTML Basic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_Basic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-XHTML-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML-Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>XHTML-Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_Mobile_Profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>XHTML Mobile Profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>XHTML Mobile Profile 1.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>XHTML Mobile Profile 1.2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>XHTML Mobile Profile 1.3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML_1.2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_1.2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>XHTML 1.2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_1.2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML_2.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_2.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>XHTML 2.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML_2.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>XHTML5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semantic_content_in_XHTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semantic_content_in_XHTML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Semantic content in XHTML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semantic_content_in_XHTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valid_XHTML_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valid_XHTML_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Valid XHTML documents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Valid_XHTML_documents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Valid XHTML documents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Valid_XHTML_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Root_element" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Root_element"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Root element</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Root_element-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DOCTYPEs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DOCTYPEs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>DOCTYPEs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DOCTYPEs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XML_declaration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XML_declaration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>XML declaration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XML_declaration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backward_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backward_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Backward compatibility</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Backward_compatibility-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Backward compatibility subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Backward_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-compatibility_of_XHTML_and_HTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-compatibility_of_XHTML_and_HTML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cross-compatibility of XHTML and HTML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-compatibility_of_XHTML_and_HTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">XHTML</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9" title="لغة ترميز النص الفائق القابلة للتوسع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة ترميز النص الفائق القابلة للتوسع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2" title="এক্সএইচটিএমএল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এক্সএইচটিএমএল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_HyperText_Markup_Language" title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اکس‌اچ‌تی‌ام‌ال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکس‌اچ‌تی‌ام‌ال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_hypertext_markup_language" title="Extensible hypertext markup language – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Extensible hypertext markup language" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_hypertext_markup_language" title="Extensible hypertext markup language – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Extensible hypertext markup language" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD." title="എക്സ്.എച്.റ്റി.എം.എൽ. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എക്സ്.എച്.റ്റി.എം.എൽ." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_HyperText_Markup_Language" title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_HyperText_Markup_Language" title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81.%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எக்சு.எச்.டி.எம்.எல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எக்சு.எச்.டி.எம்.எல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เอกซ์เอชทีเอ็มแอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอกซ์เอชทีเอ็มแอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="توسیعی ورائے متن زبان تدوین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توسیعی ورائے متن زبان تدوین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="XHTML" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166074#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:XHTML" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XHTML"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XHTML"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/XHTML" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/XHTML" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&oldid=1257114516" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=XHTML&id=1257114516&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXHTML"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXHTML"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=XHTML&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:XHTML" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XHTML" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/XHTML" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166074" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Markup language which places HTML in XML form</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">XHTML</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> .xhtml, .xht,<br /> .xml, .html, .htm</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> application/xhtml+xml</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">public.xhtml</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">UTI conformation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">public.xml</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">26 January 2000<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2000-01-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">Markup language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">HTML LS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">Dynamic HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_element" title="Article element">article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Basic" title="XHTML Basic">Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">Mobile Profile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML element</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_element" title="Meta element">meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Div_and_span" title="Div and span">div and span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blink_element" title="Blink element">blink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquee_element" title="Marquee element">marquee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">HTML attribute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_attribute" title="Alt attribute">alt attribute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_(World_Wide_Web)" title="Frame (World Wide Web)">HTML frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">named characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_code" title="Language code">Language code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Object_Model" title="Browser Object Model">Browser Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(web_development)" title="Style sheet (web development)">Style sheets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">Font family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTMX" class="mw-redirect" title="HTMX">HTMX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3D" title="Web3D">Web3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Validator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">Quirks mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">Rendering engine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Comparisons</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages" title="Comparison of document markup languages">Document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_browser_engines" title="Comparison of browser engines">Comparison of browser engines</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HTML" title="Template:HTML"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HTML" title="Template talk:HTML"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HTML" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HTML"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Extensible HyperText Markup Language</b> (<b>XHTML</b>) is part of the family of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup languages</a> which mirrors or extends versions of the widely used <a href="/wiki/HyperText_Markup_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="HyperText Markup Language">HyperText Markup Language</a> (HTML), the language in which <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web pages</a> are formulated.<sup id="cite_ref-b244_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b244-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While HTML, prior to <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, was defined as an application of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">Standard Generalized Markup Language</a> (SGML), a flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, a more restrictive subset of SGML. XHTML documents are <a href="/wiki/Well-formed_document" title="Well-formed document">well-formed</a> and may therefore be parsed using standard XML parsers, unlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>XHTML 1.0 became a <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</a> <a href="/wiki/W3C_recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C recommendation">recommendation</a> on 26 January 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C recommendation on 31 May 2001. XHTML is now referred to as "the XML syntax for HTML"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and being developed as an XML adaptation of the HTML living standard.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XHTML 1.0 was "a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1.0".<sup id="cite_ref-W3cWhatIsXhtml_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3cWhatIsXhtml-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) also simultaneously maintained the HTML 4.01 Recommendation. In the XHTML 1.0 Recommendation document, as published and revised in August 2002, the W3C commented that "The XHTML family is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. By migrating to XHTML today, content developers can enter the XML world with all of its attendant benefits, while still remaining confident in their content's backward and future compatibility."<sup id="cite_ref-W3cWhatIsXhtml_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3cWhatIsXhtml-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</a> (WHATWG) formed, independently of the W3C, to work on advancing ordinary HTML not based on XHTML. The WHATWG eventually began working on a standard that supported both XML and non-XML <a href="/wiki/Serialization" title="Serialization">serializations</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, in parallel to W3C standards such as XHTML 2.0. In 2007, the W3C's HTML working group voted to officially recognize HTML5 and work on it as the next-generation HTML standard.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the W3C allowed the XHTML 2.0 Working Group's charter to expire, acknowledging that HTML5 would be the sole next-generation HTML standard, including both XML and non-XML serializations.<sup id="cite_ref-XHTML_FAQ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XHTML_FAQ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the two serializations, the W3C suggests that most authors use the HTML syntax, rather than the XHTML syntax.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The W3C recommendations of both XHTML 1.0 and XHTML 1.1 were retired on 27 March 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with HTML 4.0,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HTML 4.01,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and HTML5.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motivation">Motivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Motivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XHTML was developed to make HTML more <a href="/wiki/Extensible" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible">extensible</a> and increase <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperability</a> with other data formats.<sup id="cite_ref-XHTML-1.0-w3c-rec_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XHTML-1.0-w3c-rec-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, browsers were forgiving of errors in HTML, and most websites were displayed despite technical errors in the markup; XHTML introduced stricter error handling.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HTML 4 was ostensibly an application of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">Standard Generalized Markup Language</a> (SGML); however the specification for SGML was complex, and neither web browsers nor the HTML 4 Recommendation were fully conformant to it.<sup id="cite_ref-normative-ref-to-SGML_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-normative-ref-to-SGML-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The XML standard, approved in 1998, provided a simpler data format closer in simplicity to HTML 4.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-myths-reality_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-myths-reality-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By shifting to an XML format, it was hoped HTML would become compatible with common XML tools;<sup id="cite_ref-xml-tools_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xml-tools-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> servers and proxies would be able to transform content, as necessary, for constrained devices such as mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-wireless-content-using-xhtml_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wireless-content-using-xhtml-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By using <a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">namespaces</a>, XHTML documents could provide extensibility by including fragments from other XML-based languages such as <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> and <a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-namespaces-course_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-namespaces-course-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the renewed work would provide an opportunity to divide HTML into reusable components (<a href="/wiki/XHTML_Modularization" title="XHTML Modularization">XHTML Modularization</a>) and clean up untidy parts of the language.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-faq_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-faq-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_HTML">Relationship to HTML</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relationship to HTML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various differences between XHTML and HTML. The <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> (DOM) is a tree structure that represents the page internally in applications, and XHTML and HTML are two different ways of representing that in markup. Both are less expressive than the DOM – for example, "--" may be placed in comments in the DOM, but cannot be represented in a comment in either XHTML or HTML – and generally, XHTML's XML syntax is more expressive than HTML (for example, arbitrary namespaces are not allowed in HTML). XHTML uses an XML syntax, while HTML uses a pseudo-<a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a> syntax (officially SGML for HTML 4 and under, but never in practice, and standardized away from SGML in HTML5). Because the expressible contents of the DOM in syntax are slightly different, there are some changes in actual behavior between the two models. Syntax differences, however, can be overcome by implementing an alternate translational framework within the markup. </p><p>First, there are some differences in syntax:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="anchor" id="self-closing_tag"></span><span class="anchor" id="self-closing_syntax"></span><span class="anchor" id="self-closing"></span>Broadly, the XML rules require that all <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">elements</a> be closed, either by a separate closing tag or using the self-closing syntax (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nt"><br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span></code>), while HTML syntax permits some elements to be unclosed because either they are always empty (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span><span class="p">></span></code>) or their end can be determined implicitly ("omissibility", e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span></code>).</li> <li>XML is case-sensitive for element and <a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">attribute</a> names, while HTML is not.</li> <li>Some shorthand features in HTML are omitted in XML, such as (1) <i>attribute minimization</i>, where attribute values or their quotes may be omitted (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="p">></span></code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">selected</span><span class="p">></span></code>, while in XML this must be expressed as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nt"><option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">selected=</span><span class="s">"selected"</span><span class="nt">></span></code>); (2) <i>element minimization</i> may be used to remove elements entirely (such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nt"><tbody></span></code> inferred in a table if not given); and (3) the rarely used SGML syntax for element minimization ("shorttag"), which most browsers do not implement.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>There are numerous other technical requirements surrounding namespaces and precise parsing of whitespace and certain characters and elements. The exact parsing of HTML in practice has been undefined until recently; see the HTML5 specification (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/">[HTML5]</a>) for full details, or the working summary (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/HTML_vs._XHTML">HTML vs. XHTML</a>).</li></ul> <p>In addition to the syntactical differences, there are some behavioral differences, mostly arising from the underlying differences in serialization. For example: </p> <ul><li>Behavior on parse errors differs. A fatal parse error in XML (such as an incorrect tag structure) causes document processing to be aborted.</li> <li>Most content requiring namespaces will not work in HTML, except the built-in support for SVG and MathML in the HTML5 parser along with certain magic prefixes such as <code>xlink</code>.</li> <li>JavaScript processing is different in XHTML, with minor changes in case sensitivity to some functions, and further precautions to restrict processing to well-formed content. Scripts must not use the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">write</span><span class="p">()</span></code> method; it is not available for XHTML. The <code>innerHTML</code> property is available, but will not insert non-well-formed content. On the other hand, it can be used to insert well-formed namespaced content into XHTML.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a> (CSS) are also applied differently. Due to XHTML's case-sensitivity, all CSS selectors become case-sensitive for XHTML documents.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some CSS properties, such as backgrounds, set on the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span></code> element in HTML are 'inherited upwards' into the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">></span></code> element; this appears<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> not to be the case for XHTML.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The similarities between HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 led many websites and <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management systems</a> to adopt the initial W3C XHTML 1.0 Recommendation. To aid authors in the transition, the W3C provided guidance on how to publish XHTML 1.0 documents in an HTML-compatible manner, and serve them to browsers that were not designed for XHTML.<sup id="cite_ref-appendix_c_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appendix_c-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-media_types_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media_types-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such "HTML-compatible" content is sent using the HTML media type (<code>text/html</code>) rather than the official Internet media type for XHTML (<code>application/xhtml+xml</code>). When measuring the adoption of XHTML to that of regular HTML, therefore, it is important to distinguish whether it is media type usage or actual document contents that are being compared.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most web browsers have mature support<sup id="cite_ref-mature_support_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mature_support-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for all of the possible XHTML media types.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The notable exception is <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> versions 8 and earlier by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>; rather than rendering <code>application/xhtml+xml</code> content, a dialog box invites the user to save the content to disk instead. Both Internet Explorer 7 (released in 2006) and Internet Explorer 8 (released in March 2009) exhibit this behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-wilson-XML_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-XML-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft developer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Wilson_(open_web_advocate)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Wilson (open web advocate) (page does not exist)">Chris Wilson</a> explained in 2005 that IE7's priorities were improved <a href="/wiki/Browser_security" title="Browser security">browser security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheet">CSS</a> support, and that proper XHTML support would be difficult to graft onto IE's compatibility-oriented HTML parser;<sup id="cite_ref-wilson_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> added support for true XHTML in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">IE9</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As long as support is not widespread, most web developers avoid using XHTML that is not HTML-compatible,<sup id="cite_ref-the_x-philes_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_x-philes-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so advantages of XML such as namespaces, faster parsing, and smaller-footprint browsers do not benefit the user.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 2000s, some Web developers began to question why Web authors ever made the leap into authoring in XHTML.<sup id="cite_ref-hickson_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hickson-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-avk_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avk-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stachowiak_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stachowiak-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others countered that the problems ascribed to the use of XHTML could mostly be attributed to two main sources: the production of invalid XHTML documents by some Web authors and the lack of support for XHTML built into <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_6" title="Internet Explorer 6">Internet Explorer 6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They went on to describe the benefits of XML-based Web documents (i.e. XHTML) regarding searching, indexing, and parsing as well as future-proofing the Web itself. </p><p>In October 2006, HTML inventor and W3C chair <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, introducing a major W3C effort to develop a new HTML specification, posted in his blog that "[t]he attempt to get the world to switch to XML ... all at once didn't work. The large HTML-generating public did not move ... Some large communities did shift and are enjoying the fruits of well-formed systems ... The plan is to charter a completely new HTML group."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current HTML5 working draft says "special attention has been given to defining clear conformance criteria for user agents in an effort to improve interoperability ... while at the same time updating the HTML specifications to address issues raised in the past few years." <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hickson" title="Ian Hickson">Ian Hickson</a>, editor of the HTML5 specification criticizing the improper use of XHTML in 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-hickson_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hickson-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a member of the group developing this specification and is listed as one of the co-editors of the current working draft.<sup id="cite_ref-html5-WD_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-html5-WD-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Simon Pieters researched the XML-compliance of mobile browsers<sup id="cite_ref-zcorpan_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zcorpan-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and concluded "the claim that XHTML would be needed for mobile devices is simply a myth". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions_of_XHTML">Versions of XHTML</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Versions of XHTML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML_1.0">XHTML 1.0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: XHTML 1.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_main_page_XHTML_source.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Wikipedia_main_page_XHTML_source.png/300px-Wikipedia_main_page_XHTML_source.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Wikipedia_main_page_XHTML_source.png/450px-Wikipedia_main_page_XHTML_source.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Wikipedia_main_page_XHTML_source.png/600px-Wikipedia_main_page_XHTML_source.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>In earlier times<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2013)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> used the XHTML 1.0 Transitional doctype and syntax, though it was not served as XHTML</figcaption></figure> <p>December 1998 saw the publication of a W3C Working Draft entitled <i>Reformulating HTML in XML</i>. This introduced Voyager, the codename for a new markup language based on HTML 4, but adhering to the stricter syntax rules of XML. By February 1999 the name of the specification had changed to <i>XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language</i>, and in January 2000 it was officially adopted as a W3C Recommendation.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-1.0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-1.0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three formal <a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Definition">Document Type Definitions (DTD)</a> for XHTML 1.0, corresponding to the three different versions of HTML 4.01: </p> <ul><li><b>XHTML 1.0 Strict</b> is the XML equivalent to strict HTML 4.01, and includes elements and attributes that have not been marked deprecated in the HTML 4.01 specification. As of November 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, XHTML 1.0 Strict is the document type used for the homepage of the website of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>.</li> <li><b>XHTML 1.0 Transitional</b> is the XML equivalent of HTML 4.01 Transitional, and includes the presentational elements (such as <code>center</code>, <code>font</code> and <code>strike</code>) excluded from the strict version.</li> <li><b>XHTML 1.0 Frameset</b> is the XML equivalent of HTML 4.01 Frameset, and allows for the definition of <a href="/wiki/Frameset_(HTML)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frameset (HTML)">frameset documents</a>—a common Web feature in the late 1990s.</li></ul> <p>The second edition of XHTML 1.0 became a W3C Recommendation in August 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-1.0-se_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-1.0-se-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modularization_of_XHTML">Modularization of XHTML</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modularization of XHTML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Modularization" title="XHTML Modularization">Modularization</a> provides an abstract collection of components through which XHTML can be subsetted and extended. The feature is intended to help XHTML extend its reach onto emerging platforms, such as mobile devices and Web-enabled televisions. The initial draft of <i>Modularization of XHTML</i> became available in April 1999, and reached Recommendation status in April 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-modularization-1.0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modularization-1.0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first modular XHTML variants were XHTML 1.1 and XHTML Basic 1.0. </p><p>In October 2008 <i>Modularization of XHTML</i> was superseded by <i>XHTML Modularization 1.1</i>, which adds an <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML Schema</a> implementation. It was superseded by a second edition in July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-modularization-1.1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modularization-1.1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML_1.1:_Module-based_XHTML">XHTML 1.1: Module-based XHTML</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: XHTML 1.1: Module-based XHTML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XHTML 1.1 evolved out of the work surrounding the initial <i>Modularization of XHTML</i> specification. The W3C released the first draft in September 1999; the Recommendation status was reached in May 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-1.1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-1.1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modules combined within XHTML 1.1 effectively recreate XHTML 1.0 Strict, with the addition of <a href="/wiki/Ruby_character" title="Ruby character">ruby annotation</a> elements (<code>ruby</code>, <code>rbc</code>, <code>rtc</code>, <code>rb</code>, <code>rt</code> and <code>rp</code>) to better support East-Asian languages. Other changes include the removal of the <code>name</code> attribute from the <code>a</code> and <code>map</code> elements, and (in the first edition of the language) the removal of the <code>lang</code> attribute in favor of <code>xml:lang</code>. </p><p>Although XHTML 1.1 is largely compatible with XHTML 1.0 and HTML 4, in August 2002 the Working Group issued a formal Note advising that it should not be transmitted with the HTML media type.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-media-2002_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-media-2002-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With limited browser support for the alternate <code>application/xhtml+xml</code> media type, XHTML 1.1 proved unable to gain widespread use. In January 2009 a second edition of the document (<i>XHTML Media Types – Second Edition</i>) was issued, relaxing this restriction and allowing XHTML 1.1 to be served as <code>text/html</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-media-2009_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-media-2009-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second edition of XHTML 1.1 was issued on 23 November 2010, which addresses various errata and adds an XML Schema implementation not included in the original specification.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (It was first released briefly on 7 May 2009 as a "Proposed Edited Recommendation"<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-1.1-se_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-1.1-se-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being rescinded on 19 May due to unresolved issues.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML_Basic">XHTML Basic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: XHTML Basic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/XHTML_Basic" title="XHTML Basic">XHTML Basic</a></div> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Information_appliance" title="Information appliance">information appliances</a> may lack the <a href="/wiki/Resource_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource (computer science)">system resources</a> to implement all XHTML abstract modules, the W3C defined a feature-limited XHTML specification called XHTML Basic. It provides a minimal feature subset sufficient for the most common content-authoring. The specification became a <a href="/wiki/W3C_recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C recommendation">W3C recommendation</a> in December 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-basic-1.0_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-basic-1.0-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of all the versions of XHTML, XHTML Basic 1.0 provides the fewest features. With XHTML 1.1, it is one of the two first implementations of modular XHTML. In addition to the Core Modules (Structure, Text, Hypertext, and List), it implements the following abstract modules: Base, Basic Forms, Basic Tables, Image, Link, Metainformation, Object, Style Sheet, and Target.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>XHTML Basic 1.1 replaces the Basic Forms Module with the Forms Module and adds the Intrinsic Events, Presentation, and Scripting modules. It also supports additional tags and attributes from other modules. This version became a W3C recommendation on 29 July 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current version of XHTML Basic is 1.1 Second Edition (23 November 2010), in which the language is re-implemented in the W3C's <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML Schema</a> language. This version also supports the <code>lang</code> attribute.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XHTML-Print">XHTML-Print</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: XHTML-Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XHTML-Print, which became a W3C Recommendation in September 2006, is a specialized version of XHTML Basic designed for documents printed from information appliances to low-end <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-print_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-print-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML_Mobile_Profile">XHTML Mobile Profile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: XHTML Mobile Profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML Mobile Profile</a></div> <p>XHTML Mobile Profile (abbreviated XHTML MP or XHTML-MP) is a third-party variant of the W3C's XHTML Basic specification. Like XHTML Basic, XHTML was developed for information appliances with limited system resources. </p><p>In October 2001, a <a href="/wiki/Limited_company" title="Limited company">limited company</a> called the Wireless Application Protocol Forum began adapting XHTML Basic for <a href="/wiki/WAP_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="WAP 2.0">WAP 2.0</a>, the second major version of the <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">Wireless Application Protocol</a>. WAP Forum based their DTD on the W3C's Modularization of XHTML, incorporating the same modules the W3C used in XHTML Basic 1.0—except for the Target Module. Starting with this foundation, the WAP Forum replaced the Basic Forms Module with a partial implementation of the Forms Module, added partial support for the Legacy and Presentation modules, and added full support for the Style Attribute Module. </p><p>In 2002, the WAP Forum has subsumed into the <a href="/wiki/Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a> (OMA), which continued to develop XHTML Mobile Profile as a component of their OMA Browsing Specification. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.1">XHTML Mobile Profile 1.1</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: XHTML Mobile Profile 1.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To this version, finalized in 2004, the OMA added partial support for the Scripting Module and partial support for Intrinsic Events. XHTML MP 1.1 is part of v2.1 of the OMA Browsing Specification (1 November 2002).<sup id="cite_ref-oma-browsing-archive_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oma-browsing-archive-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.2">XHTML Mobile Profile 1.2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: XHTML Mobile Profile 1.2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This version, finalized on 27 February 2007, expands the capabilities of XHTML MP 1.1 with full support for the Forms Module and OMA Text Input Modes. XHTML MP 1.2 is part of v2.3 of the OMA Browsing Specification (13 March 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-oma-browsing-archive_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oma-browsing-archive-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XHTML_Mobile_Profile_1.3">XHTML Mobile Profile 1.3</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: XHTML Mobile Profile 1.3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XHTML MP 1.3 (finalized on 23 September 2008) uses the XHTML Basic 1.1 <a href="/wiki/Document_type_definition" title="Document type definition">document type definition</a>, which includes the Target Module. Events in this version of the specification are updated to DOM Level 3 specifications (i.e., they are platform- and language-neutral). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML_1.2">XHTML 1.2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: XHTML 1.2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The XHTML 2 Working Group considered the creation of a new language based on XHTML 1.1.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If XHTML 1.2 was created, it would include <a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">WAI-ARIA</a> and <code>role</code> attributes to better support accessible web applications, and improved <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a> support through <a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a>. The <code>inputmode</code> attribute from XHTML Basic 1.1, along with the <code>target</code> attribute (for specifying <a href="/wiki/Framing_(World_Wide_Web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Framing (World Wide Web)">frame</a> targets) might also be present. The XHTML2 WG had not been chartered to carry out the development of XHTML1.2. Since the W3C announced that it does not intend to recharter the XHTML2 WG,<sup id="cite_ref-XHTML_FAQ_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XHTML_FAQ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and closed the WG in December 2010, this means that XHTML 1.2 proposal would not eventuate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML_2.0">XHTML 2.0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: XHTML 2.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between August 2002 and July 2006, the W3C released eight Working Drafts of XHTML 2.0, a new version of XHTML able to make a clean break from the past by discarding the requirement of backward compatibility. This lack of compatibility with XHTML 1.x and HTML 4 caused some early controversy in the web developer community.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-2.0-criticism_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-2.0-criticism-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some parts of the language (such as the <code>role</code> and RDFa attributes) were subsequently split out of the specification and worked on as separate modules, partially to help make the transition from XHTML 1.x to XHTML 2.0 smoother. The ninth draft of XHTML 2.0 was expected to appear in 2009, but on 2 July 2009, the W3C decided to let the XHTML2 Working Group charter expire by that year's end, effectively halting any further development of the draft into a standard.<sup id="cite_ref-XHTML_FAQ_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XHTML_FAQ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, XHTML 2.0 and its related documents were released as <a href="/wiki/W3C#Certification" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C Notes</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-2.0-note_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-2.0-note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-xhtml2-wg-notes_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml2-wg-notes-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New features to have been introduced by XHTML 2.0 included: </p> <ul><li>HTML forms were to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a>, an XML-based user input specification allowing forms to be displayed appropriately for different rendering devices.</li> <li>HTML frames were to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/DOM_Events" class="mw-redirect" title="DOM Events">DOM Events</a> were to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">XML Events</a>, which uses the XML <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a>.</li> <li>A new list element type, the <code>nl</code> element type, was to be included to specifically designate a list as a navigation list. This would have been useful in creating nested menus, which are currently created by a wide variety of means like nested unordered lists or nested definition lists.</li> <li>Any element was to be able to act as a <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a>, e. g., <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><li href="articles.html">Articles</li></code>, similar to <a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a>. However, XLink itself is not compatible with XHTML due to design differences.</li> <li>Any element was to be able to reference alternative media with the <code>src</code> attribute, e. g., <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><p src="lbridge.jpg" type="image/jpeg">London Bridge</p></code> is the same as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><object src="lbridge.jpg" type="image/jpeg"><p>London Bridge</p></object></code>.</li> <li>The <code>alt</code> attribute of the <code>img</code> element was removed: alternative text was to be given in the content of the <code>img</code> element, much like the <code>object</code> element, e. g., <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><img src="hms_audacious.jpg">HMS <span class="italic">Audacious</span></img></code>.</li> <li>A single heading element (<code>h</code>) was added. The level of these headings was determined by the depth of the nesting. This would have allowed the use of headings to be infinite, rather than limiting use to six levels deep.</li> <li>The remaining presentational elements <code>i</code>, <code>b</code> and <code>tt</code>, still allowed in XHTML 1.x (even Strict), were to be absent from XHTML 2.0. The only somewhat presentational elements remaining were to be <code>sup</code> and <code>sub</code> for superscript and subscript respectively because they have significant non-presentational uses and are required by certain languages. All other tags were meant to be <a href="/wiki/Semantic_HTML" title="Semantic HTML">semantic</a> instead (e. g. <code>strong</code> for <b>strong emphasis</b>) while allowing the user agent to control the presentation of elements via CSS (e.g. rendered as boldface text in most visual browsers, but possibly rendered with changes of tone in a text-to-speech reader, larger + italic font per rules in a user-end stylesheet, etc.).</li> <li>The addition of RDF triple with the <code>property</code> and <code>about</code> attributes to facilitate the conversion from XHTML to RDF/XML.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML5">XHTML5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: XHTML5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/XHTML5" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTML5">XHTML5</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> grew independently of the W3C, through a loose group of browser manufacturers and other interested parties calling themselves the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>, or Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group. The key motive of the group was to create a platform for dynamic web applications; they considered XHTML 2.0 to be too document-centric, and not suitable for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">internet forum</a> sites or online shops.<sup id="cite_ref-html-5.0-relationship_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-html-5.0-relationship-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HTML5 has both a regular <code>text/html</code> serialization and an XML serialization, which is also known as <a href="/wiki/XHTML5" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTML5">XHTML5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-w3cxhtml5_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3cxhtml5-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language is more compatible with HTML 4 and XHTML 1.x than XHTML 2.0, due to the decision to keep the existing HTML form elements and events model. It adds many new elements not found in XHTML 1.x, however, such as <code>section</code> and <code>aside</code> tags. </p><p>The XHTML5 language, like HTML5, uses a <a href="/wiki/DOCTYPE" class="mw-redirect" title="DOCTYPE">DOCTYPE</a> declaration without a DTD. Furthermore, the specification deprecates earlier XHTML DTDs by asking the browsers to replace them with one containing only entity definitions for named characters during parsing.<sup id="cite_ref-w3cxhtml5_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3cxhtml5-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Semantic_content_in_XHTML">Semantic content in XHTML</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Semantic content in XHTML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">XHTML+RDFa</a> is an extended version of the XHTML markup language for supporting <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> through a collection of attributes and processing rules in the form of <a href="/wiki/Well-formed_document" title="Well-formed document">well-formed XML</a> documents. This host language is one of the techniques used to develop <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a> content by embedding rich semantic markup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Valid_XHTML_documents">Valid XHTML documents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Valid XHTML documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/XHTML" title="Special:EditPage/XHTML">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An XHTML document that conforms to an XHTML specification is said to be <i>valid</i>. Validity assures consistency in document code, which in turn eases processing, but does not necessarily ensure consistent rendering by browsers. A document can be checked for validity with the <a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">W3C Markup Validation Service</a> (for XHTML5, the Validator. nu Living Validator should be used instead). In practice, many web development programs provide code validation based on the <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> standards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Root_element">Root element</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Root element"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The root element of an XHTML document must be <code>html</code>, and must contain an <code>xmlns</code> attribute to associate it with the XHTML <a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">namespace</a>. The namespace URI for XHTML is <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code>. The example tag below additionally features an <code>xml:lang</code> attribute to identify the document with a <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural language</a>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><html</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"ar"</span><span class="nt">></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DOCTYPEs">DOCTYPEs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: DOCTYPEs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/DOCTYPE" class="mw-redirect" title="DOCTYPE">DOCTYPE</a></div> <p>In order to validate an XHTML document, a <a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Declaration">Document Type Declaration</a>, or <i>DOCTYPE</i>, may be used. A DOCTYPE declares to the browser the <a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Definition">Document Type Definition</a> (DTD) to which the document conforms. A Document Type Declaration should be placed before the <a href="/wiki/Root_element" title="Root element">root element</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/System_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="System identifier">system identifier</a> part of the DOCTYPE, which in these examples is the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> that begins with <code>http://</code>, need only point to a copy of the DTD to use, if the validator cannot locate one based on the <a href="/wiki/Public_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Public identifier">public identifier</a> (the other quoted string). It does not need to be the specific URL that is in these examples; in fact, authors are encouraged to use local copies of the DTD files when possible. The public identifier, however, must be character-for-character the same as in the examples. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XML_declaration">XML declaration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: XML declaration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Processing_Instruction" title="Processing Instruction">Processing Instruction</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> may be specified at the beginning of an XHTML document in the XML declaration when the document is served using the <code>application/xhtml+xml</code> <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> type. (If an XML document lacks encoding specification, an XML parser assumes that the encoding is <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> or <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a>, unless the encoding has already been determined by a higher protocol.) </p><p>For example: </p> <dl><dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?></span></code></dd></dl> <p>The declaration may be optionally omitted because it declares its encoding the default encoding. However, if the document instead makes use of XML 1.1 or another character encoding, a declaration is necessary. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> prior to version 7 enters <a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">quirks mode</a>, if it encounters an XML declaration in a document served as <code>text/html</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backward_compatibility">Backward compatibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Backward compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XHTML 1.x documents are mostly backward compatible with HTML 4 user agents when the appropriate guidelines are followed. XHTML 1.1 is essentially compatible, although the elements for <a href="/wiki/Ruby_character" title="Ruby character">ruby annotation</a> are not part of the HTML 4 specification and thus generally ignored by HTML 4 browsers. Later XHTML 1.x modules such as those for the <code>role</code> attribute, <a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">WAI-ARIA</a> degrade gracefully in a similar manner. </p><p>XHTML 2.0 is significantly less compatible, although this can be mitigated to some degree through the use of scripting. (This can be simple one-liners, such as the use of <code>document.createElement()</code> to register a new HTML element within Internet Explorer, or complete JavaScript frameworks, such as the <a href="/wiki/FormFaces" class="mw-redirect" title="FormFaces">FormFaces</a> implementation of <a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are examples of XHTML 1.0 Strict, with both having the same visual output. The former one follows the HTML Compatibility Guidelines of the XHTML Media Types Note while the latter one breaks backward compatibility, but provides cleaner markup.<sup id="cite_ref-xhtml-media-2009_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhtml-media-2009-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: left;">Media type recommendation (in RFC 2119 terms) for the examples: </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:250px; height:28px;">Media type </th> <th style="width:100px; height:28px;">Example 1 </th> <th style="width:100px; height:28px;">Example 2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:250px; height:25px;">application/xhtml+xml </th> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">SHOULD</td> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">SHOULD </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:250px; height:25px;">application/xml </th> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">MAY</td> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">MAY </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:250px; height:25px;">text/xml </th> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">MAY</td> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">MAY </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:250px; height:25px;">text/html </th> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">MAY </td> <td style="width:100px; height:25px;">SHOULD NOT </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Example 1. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"</span> <span class="cp"> "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"></span> <span class="nt"><html</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"en"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">lang=</span><span class="s">"en"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><head></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><meta</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">http-equiv=</span><span class="s">"Content-Type"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">content=</span><span class="s">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><title></span>XHTML<span class="w"> </span>1.0<span class="w"> </span>Strict<span class="w"> </span>Example<span class="nt"></title></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><script</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text/javascript"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span>//<span class="cp"><![CDATA[</span> <span class="cp"> function loadpdf() {</span> <span class="cp"> document.getElementById("pdf-object").src="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf";</span> <span class="cp"> }</span> <span class="cp"> //]]></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></script></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></head></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">onload=</span><span class="s">"loadpdf()"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><p></span>This<span class="w"> </span>is<span class="w"> </span>an<span class="w"> </span>example<span class="w"> </span>of<span class="w"> </span>an <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><abbr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">"Extensible HyperText Markup Language"</span><span class="nt">></span>XHTML<span class="nt"></abbr></span><span class="w"> </span>1.0<span class="w"> </span>Strict<span class="w"> </span>document.<span class="nt"><br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><img</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validation-icon"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict"</span><span class="nt">/><br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><object</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"pdf-object"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"pdf-object"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"application/pdf"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">data=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">width=</span><span class="s">"100%"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">height=</span><span class="s">"500"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></object></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></p></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></body></span> <span class="nt"></html></span> </pre></div> <p>Example 2. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></span> <span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"</span> <span class="cp"> "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"></span> <span class="nt"><html</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"en"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><head></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><title></span>XHTML<span class="w"> </span>1.0<span class="w"> </span>Strict<span class="w"> </span>Example<span class="nt"></title></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><script</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"application/javascript"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cp"><![CDATA[</span> <span class="cp"> function loadpdf() {</span> <span class="cp"> document.getElementById("pdf-object").src="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf";</span> <span class="cp"> }</span> <span class="cp"> ]]></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></script></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></head></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">onload=</span><span class="s">"loadpdf()"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><p></span>This<span class="w"> </span>is<span class="w"> </span>an<span class="w"> </span>example<span class="w"> </span>of<span class="w"> </span>an <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><abbr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">"Extensible HyperText Markup Language"</span><span class="nt">></span>XHTML<span class="nt"></abbr></span><span class="w"> </span>1.0<span class="w"> </span>Strict<span class="w"> </span>document.<span class="nt"><br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><img</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validation-icon"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict"</span><span class="nt">/><br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><object</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"pdf-object"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"application/pdf"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">data=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">width=</span><span class="s">"100%"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">height=</span><span class="s">"500"</span><span class="nt">></object></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></p></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></body></span> <span class="nt"></html></span> </pre></div> <p>Notes: </p> <ol><li>The "loadpdf" function is actually a workaround for Internet Explorer. It can be replaced by adding <code><param name="src" value="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf"/></code> within <code><object></code>.</li> <li>The <code>img</code> element does not get a <code>name</code> attribute in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/dtds.html#a_dtd_XHTML-1.0-Strict">XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD</a>. Use <code>id</code> instead.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cross-compatibility_of_XHTML_and_HTML">Cross-compatibility of XHTML and HTML</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cross-compatibility of XHTML and HTML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HTML5 and XHTML5 serializations are largely inter-compatible if adhering to the stricter XHTML5 syntax, but there are some cases in which XHTML will not work as valid HTML5 (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Processing_Instruction" title="Processing Instruction">processing instructions</a> are deprecated in <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">HTML</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This passage needs to be better explained. (March 2013)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup>, are treated as comments, and close on the first ">", whereas they are fully allowed in XML, are treated as their own type, and close on <code>?></code>).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">Extensible User Interface Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">List of XML and HTML character entity references</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-b244-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b244_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.adobe.com/en_US/framemaker/2015/using/using-framemaker-2015/frm_structauth_sa/SGML_XML_and_XHTML-.htm">"SGML, XML, and XHTML"</a>. <i>Adobe Help Center</i>. 2016-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-13</span></span>. <q>Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is an extension of HTML that is based on XML and is designed to work with XML-based applications.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe+Help+Center&rft.atitle=SGML%2C+XML%2C+and+XHTML&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.adobe.com%2Fen_US%2Fframemaker%2F2015%2Fusing%2Fusing-framemaker-2015%2Ffrm_structauth_sa%2FSGML_XML_and_XHTML-.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2014" class="citation web cs1">Graff, Eliot (7 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616202318/https://dev.w3.org/html5/html-polyglot/html-polyglot.html">"Polyglot Markup: A robust profile of the HTML5 vocabulary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/html-polyglot/html-polyglot.html">the original</a> on 16 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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XML.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-29</span></span>. <q>... A useful feature of XHTML is that it can be manipulated as XML. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/SVG:Namespaces_Crash_Course">the original</a> on 2008-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-29</span></span>. <q>... It has been a long-standing goal of the W3C to make it possible for different types of XML-based content to be mixed together in the same XML file. For example, SVG and MathML might be incorporated directly into an XHTML-based scientific document...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namespaces+Crash+Course&rft.pub=Mozilla+Developer+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2FEn%2FSVG%3ANamespaces_Crash_Course&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-faq-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-faq_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Pemberton2004" class="citation web cs1">Steven Pemberton (2004-07-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/2004/xhtml-faq">"HTML and XHTML Frequently Answered Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-29</span></span>. <q>... with an XML-based HTML other XML languages could include bits of XHTML, and XHTML documents could include bits of other markup languages. We could also take advantage of the redesign to clean up some of the more untidy parts of HTML and add some new needed functionality, like better forms...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML+and+XHTML+Frequently+Answered+Questions&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2004-07-21&rft.au=Steven+Pemberton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FMarkUp%2F2004%2Fxhtml-faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1997" class="citation web cs1">Clark, James (1997-12-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215">"Comparison of SGML and XML"</a>. World Wide Web Consortium Note.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+SGML+and+XML&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium+Note&rft.date=1997-12-15&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FNOTE-sgml-xml-971215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/appendix/notes.html#h-B.3.7">"Shorthand markup"</a>. <i>HTML 4, Appendix B: Performance, Implementation, and Design Notes</i>. W3C<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HTML+4%2C+Appendix+B%3A+Performance%2C+Implementation%2C+and+Design+Notes&rft.atitle=Shorthand+markup&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FREC-html40%2Fappendix%2Fnotes.html%23h-B.3.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.sitepoint.com/css/casesensitivity">"Case Sensitivity"</a>. SitePoint Pty. Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Case+Sensitivity&rft.pub=SitePoint+Pty.+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.sitepoint.com%2Fcss%2Fcasesensitivity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2010" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Nicholas (29 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nicholaswilson.me.uk/2010/05/css-differences-between-xhtml-and-html">"CSS differences between XHTML and HTML"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CSS+differences+between+XHTML+and+HTML&rft.date=2010-05-29&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nicholaswilson.me.uk%2F2010%2F05%2Fcss-differences-between-xhtml-and-html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appendix_c-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-appendix_c_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#guidelines">"XHTML 1.0 Specification, Appendix C: HTML Compatibility Guidelines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2000-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+1.0+Specification%2C+Appendix+C%3A+HTML+Compatibility+Guidelines&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2000-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxhtml1%2F%23guidelines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-media_types-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-media_types_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types">"XHTML Media Types, W3C Working Group Note"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2002-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+Media+Types%2C+W3C+Working+Group+Note&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxhtml-media-types&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/79812?hl=en">"Meta and Inline Tags that Google Understands | Google Search Central"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meta+and+Inline+Tags+that+Google+Understands+%26%23124%3B+Google+Search+Central&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fwebmasters%2Fanswer%2F79812%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greta de Groat (2002). "Perspectives on the Web and Google: <a href="/wiki/Monika_Henzinger" title="Monika Henzinger">Monika Henzinger</a>, Director of Research, Google", <i>Journal of Internet Cataloging</i>, Vol. 5(1), pp. 17-28, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mature_support-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mature_support_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Early implementations (such as Mozilla 0.7 and Opera 6.0, both released in 2001) do not incrementally render XHTML as it is received over the network, giving a degraded user experience; see the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/docs/web-developer/faq.html#xhtmldiff">Mozilla Web Author FAQ</a>. Later browsers such as Opera 9.0, Safari 3.0, and Firefox 3.0 do not have this issue.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/People/mimasa/test/xhtml/media-types/results">"XHTML media type test - results"</a>. <i>w3.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=XHTML+media+type+test+-+results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FPeople%2Fmimasa%2Ftest%2Fxhtml%2Fmedia-types%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilson-XML-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wilson-XML_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Wilson2005" class="citation web cs1">Chris Wilson (2005-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2005/09/15/467901.aspx">"The <?xml> prolog, strict mode, and XHTML in IE"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-16</span></span>. <q>I've also been reading comments for some time in the IEBlog asking for support for the "application/xml+xhtml" MIME type in IE. I should say that IE7 will not add support for this MIME type – we will, of course, continue to read XHTML when served as "text/html", presuming it follows the HTML compatibility recommendations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%3C%3Fxml%3E+prolog%2C+strict+mode%2C+and+XHTML+in+IE&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft.au=Chris+Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2005%2F09%2F15%2F467901.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilson-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wilson_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Wilson2005" class="citation web cs1">Chris Wilson (2005-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2005/09/15/467901.aspx">"The <?xml> prolog, strict mode, and XHTML in IE"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-16</span></span>. <q>...If we tried to support real XHTML in IE 7 we would have ended up using our existing HTML parser (which is focused on compatibility) and hacking in XML constructs. It is highly unlikely we could support XHTML well in this way; in particular, we would certainly not detect a few error cases here or there, and we would silently support invalid cases. This would, of course, cause compatibility problems based on parser error handling in the future, which XML is explicitly trying to avoid; we don't want to cause another mess like the one with current HTML error handling (rooted in compatibility with earlier browsers – you can blame me for that personally somewhat, but not IE). I would much rather take the time to implement XHTML properly after IE 7, and have it be truly interoperable...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%3C%3Fxml%3E+prolog%2C+strict+mode%2C+and+XHTML+in+IE&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft.au=Chris+Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2005%2F09%2F15%2F467901.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHachamovitch2019" class="citation web cs1">Hachamovitch, Dean (2019-03-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2010/03/16/html5-hardware-accelerated-first-ie9-platform-preview-available-for-developers.aspx">"HTML5, Hardware Accelerated: First IE9 Platform Preview Available for Developers"</a>. <i>IEBlog on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Microsoft Developer Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-22</span></span>. <q>...At this time, we're looking for developer feedback on our implementation of HTML5's parsing rules, Selection APIs, XHTML support, and inline SVG. Within CSS3, we're looking for developer feedback on IE9's support for Selectors, Namespaces, Colors, Values, Backgrounds and Borders, and Fonts....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEBlog+on+Microsoft+Developer+Network&rft.atitle=HTML5%2C+Hardware+Accelerated%3A+First+IE9+Platform+Preview+Available+for+Developers&rft.date=2019-03-16&rft.aulast=Hachamovitch&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2010%2F03%2F16%2Fhtml5-hardware-accelerated-first-ie9-platform-preview-available-for-developers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_x-philes-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-the_x-philes_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goer.org/Markup/TheXPhiles/">"List of XHTML Sites (the X-Philes)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+XHTML+Sites+%28the+X-Philes%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goer.org%2FMarkup%2FTheXPhiles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sangers.nu/blog/tech/20080909-the-meta-tag-attribute--keywords">"In 2007, 37 leaders in search engine optimisation concluded that having keywords in the keywords attribute is little to none." Sanger. nu blog, September 9, 2008, Retrieved August 2 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221001513/http://sangers.nu/blog/tech/20080909-the-meta-tag-attribute--keywords">Archived</a> February 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nettrafficacademy.com/blog/meta-for-seo/">"Meta used for SEO"</a>. 18 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331224917/http://nettrafficacademy.com/blog/meta-for-seo/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meta+used+for+SEO&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnettrafficacademy.com%2Fblog%2Fmeta-for-seo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Sullivan_(technologist)" title="Danny Sullivan (technologist)">Danny Sullivan</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=2167931">How To Use HTML Meta Tags</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080913174704/http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=2167931">Archived</a> 2008-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Search_Engine_Watch" title="Search Engine Watch">Search Engine Watch</a>, December 5, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hickson-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hickson_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hickson_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Hickson,_a_former_developer_of_the_Opera_browser_and_cofounder_of_the_WHATWG2002" class="citation web cs1">Ian Hickson, a former developer of the Opera browser and cofounder of the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> (2002-09-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hixie.ch/advocacy/xhtml">"Sending XHTML as text/html Considered Harmful"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sending+XHTML+as+text%2Fhtml+Considered+Harmful&rft.date=2002-09-08&rft.au=Ian+Hickson%2C+a+former+developer+of+the+Opera+browser+and+cofounder+of+the+WHATWG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hixie.ch%2Fadvocacy%2Fxhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avk-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-avk_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_van_Kesteren,_a_developer_of_the_Opera_browser2004" class="citation web cs1">Anne van Kesteren, a developer of the Opera browser (2004-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://annevankesteren.nl/2004/06/invalid-html">"XHTML is invalid HTML"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+is+invalid+HTML&rft.date=2004-06-13&rft.au=Anne+van+Kesteren%2C+a+developer+of+the+Opera+browser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fannevankesteren.nl%2F2004%2F06%2Finvalid-html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stachowiak-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stachowiak_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaciej_Stachowiak,_a_developer_of_Apple's_Safari_browser2006" class="citation web cs1">Maciej Stachowiak, a developer of Apple's Safari browser (2006-09-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webkit.org/blog/?p=68">"Understanding HTML, XML, and XHTML"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+HTML%2C+XML%2C+and+XHTML&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft.au=Maciej+Stachowiak%2C+a+developer+of+Apple%27s+Safari+browser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebkit.org%2Fblog%2F%3Fp%3D68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrad_Fults2005" class="citation web cs1">Brad Fults (2005-12-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h3h.net/2005/12/xhtml-harmful-to-feelings/">"Sending XHTML as text/HTML Considered Harmful to Feelings"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-13</span></span>. <q>There are not nearly as many disadvantages (if any) to sending XHTML as text/HTML as [Ian Hickson] claims and the advantages I mentioned above make it well worth using in my humble opinion. There are some subtle footnotes and parentheticals [in Hickson's article] indicating that the harmfulness only applies to authors that don't know the pitfalls of this practice, but much like the "Do not eat" label on the little packets of silica gel, Ian's advisory seems to be common sense and not worth mentioning to any author who actually knows what XHTML is and how to write it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sending+XHTML+as+text%2FHTML+Considered+Harmful+to+Feelings&rft.date=2005-12-21&rft.au=Brad+Fults&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fh3h.net%2F2005%2F12%2Fxhtml-harmful-to-feelings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_McDonald2007" class="citation web cs1">Paul McDonald (2007-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.layouts4free.com/articles/view-article/49/3/0/">"The case for XHTML"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-13</span></span>. <q>Some people say XHTML on the Web has failed, but I say it is our biggest success in the fight for Web Standards. ... XHTML is a good thing for the web, though, and it's a shame that people are trying to make a case against it. To prove this, I'll flesh out the myth for you and then show you why XHTML is the best thing since sliced bread when it comes to our fight for Web Standards. ... So to conclude, sending XHTML as text/html causes no damage or harm anywhere today, as long as your XHTML does validate. And, if you want Web Standards to become more and more widespread, stick to using XHTML and validate your pages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+case+for+XHTML&rft.date=2007-06-30&rft.au=Paul+McDonald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.layouts4free.com%2Farticles%2Fview-article%2F49%2F3%2F0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Berners-Lee2006" class="citation web cs1">Tim Berners-Lee (2006-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609092703/http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/166">"Reinventing HTML"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/166">the original</a> on 2007-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-16</span></span>. <q>Some things are clearer with the hindsight of several years. It is necessary to evolve HTML incrementally. The attempt to get the world to switch to XML, including quotes around attribute values and slashes in empty tags and namespaces all at once didn't work. The large HTML-generating public did not move, largely because the browsers didn't complain. Some large communities did shift and are enjoying the fruits of well-formed systems, but not all. It is important to maintain HTML incrementally, as well as continue a transition to [a] well-formed world, and develop more power in that world.<br /> "The plan is to charter a completely new HTML group. Unlike the previous one, this one will be chartered to do incremental improvements to HTML, as also in parallel XHTML. It will have a different chair and staff contact. It will work on HTML and xHTML together. We have strong support for this group, from many people we have talked to, including browser makers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reinventing+HTML&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft.au=Tim+Berners-Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdig.csail.mit.edu%2Fbreadcrumbs%2Fnode%2F166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-html5-WD-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-html5-WD_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_HicksonDavid_Hyatt2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Hickson; David Hyatt (2011-01-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/">"HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML5%3A+A+vocabulary+and+associated+APIs+for+HTML+and+XHTML&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft.au=Ian+Hickson&rft.au=David+Hyatt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zcorpan-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zcorpan_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Pieters" class="citation web cs1">Simon Pieters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simon.html5.org/articles/mobile-results">"Results of mobile tests"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+mobile+tests&rft.au=Simon+Pieters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimon.html5.org%2Farticles%2Fmobile-results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-1.0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-1.0_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xhtml1-20000126">"XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2000-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+1.0%3A+The+Extensible+HyperText+Markup+Language%2C+W3C+Recommendation+26+January+2000&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2000-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2000%2FREC-xhtml1-20000126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-1.0-se-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-1.0-se_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801">"XHTML 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2002-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+1.0+The+Extensible+HyperText+Markup+Language+%28Second+Edition%29&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2002%2FREC-xhtml1-20020801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-modularization-1.0-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-modularization-1.0_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410">"Modularization of XHTML, W3C Recommendation 10 April 2001"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2001-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modularization+of+XHTML%2C+W3C+Recommendation+10+April+2001&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2001-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2001%2FREC-xhtml-modularization-20010410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-modularization-1.1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-modularization-1.1_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-xhtml-modularization-20100729">"XHTML Modularization 1.1 - Second Edition, W3C Recommendation 29 July 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2010-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+Modularization+1.1+-+Second+Edition%2C+W3C+Recommendation+29+July+2010&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2010%2FREC-xhtml-modularization-20100729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-1.1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-1.1_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531">"XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML, W3C Recommendation 31 May 2001"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2001-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+1.1+-+Module-based+XHTML%2C+W3C+Recommendation+31+May+2001&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2001-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2001%2FREC-xhtml11-20010531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-media-2002-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-media-2002_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801">"XHTML Media Types, W3C Working Group Note 1 August 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2002-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+Media+Types%2C+W3C+Working+Group+Note+1+August+2002&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2002%2FNOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-media-2009-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-media-2009_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-media-2009_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20090116">"XHTML Media Types – Second Edition, W3C Working Group Note 16 January 2009"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2009-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+Media+Types+%E2%80%93+Second+Edition%2C+W3C+Working+Group+Note+16+January+2009&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2009-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2009%2FNOTE-xhtml-media-types-20090116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span> This document supersedes the HTML Compatibility Guidelines originally found in XHTML 1.0 Appendix C.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/News/2010.html#entry-8962">"XHTML 1.1, XHTML Basic 1.1, XHTML Print Recommendations Revised"</a>. <i>W3C NEWS ARCHIVE: 2010</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C+NEWS+ARCHIVE%3A+2010&rft.atitle=XHTML+1.1%2C+XHTML+Basic+1.1%2C+XHTML+Print+Recommendations+Revised&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FNews%2F2010.html%23entry-8962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-1.1-se-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-1.1-se_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090512014151/http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/PER-xhtml11-20090507/">"XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML – Second Edition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2009-05-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/PER-xhtml11-20090507/">the original</a> on 2009-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+1.1+-+Module-based+XHTML+%E2%80%93+Second+Edition&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2009%2FPER-xhtml11-20090507%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-basic-1.0-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-basic-1.0_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xhtml-basic-20001219">"XHTML Basic, W3C Recommendation 19 December 2000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2000-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+Basic%2C+W3C+Recommendation+19+December+2000&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2000-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2000%2FREC-xhtml-basic-20001219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/2007/09/dtd-comparison.html">"XHTML Flavors comparisons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2007-01-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+Flavors+comparisons&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2007-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2007%2F09%2Fdtd-comparison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xhtml-basic-20001219/">XHTML Basic</a>. W3.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xhtml-basic-20080729/">XHTML Basic 1.1</a>. W3.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-xhtml-basic-20101123">"XHTML Basic 1.1 - Second Edition"</a>. <i>w3.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=XHTML+Basic+1.1+-+Second+Edition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2010%2FREC-xhtml-basic-20101123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-print-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-print_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xhtml-print-20060920/">"XHTML-Print, W3C Recommendation 20 September 2006"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2006-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML-Print%2C+W3C+Recommendation+20+September+2006&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2006%2FREC-xhtml-print-20060920%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oma-browsing-archive-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oma-browsing-archive_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oma-browsing-archive_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openmobilealliance.org/Technical/release_program/browsing_archive.aspx">"OMA Browsing Archive"</a>. <i>OMA Releases</i>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a> Ltd. 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMA+Releases&rft.atitle=OMA+Browsing+Archive&rft.date=2011-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openmobilealliance.org%2FTechnical%2Frelease_program%2Fbrowsing_archive.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xhtml2/2008Jul/0010.html">"[XHTML] Agenda: 2008-07-09"</a>. <i>w3.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=%5BXHTML%5D+Agenda%3A+2008-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flists.w3.org%2FArchives%2FPublic%2Fpublic-xhtml2%2F2008Jul%2F0010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-2.0-criticism-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-2.0-criticism_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See both <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html/2003Jan/0123.html">XHTML 2.0 Considered Harmful</a></i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tantek.com/log/2003/05.html#L20030508t1620">XHTML 2.0 Considered Hopeful</a></i> by browser developer Tantek Çelik, who criticizes early drafts of XHTML 2.0 for the absence of the <code>style</code> attribute and the <code>cite</code> element. Developer Daniel Glazman offers <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html/2002Dec/0113.html">similar criticism</a>, but also shows support for some backward-incompatible changes such as the decision to remove the <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml-2.0-note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml-2.0-note_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/NOTE-xhtml2-20101216">"XHTML 2.0, W3C Working Group Note 16 December 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2010-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML+2.0%2C+W3C+Working+Group+Note+16+December+2010&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2010%2FNOTE-xhtml2-20101216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhtml2-wg-notes-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xhtml2-wg-notes_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/News/2010#entry-8982">"XHTML2 Working Group Documents Published as W3C Notes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2010-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XHTML2+Working+Group+Documents+Published+as+W3C+Notes&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FNews%2F2010%23entry-8982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-html-5.0-relationship-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-html-5.0-relationship_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Hickson2008" class="citation web cs1">Ian Hickson (2008-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080122/#relationship0">"HTML 5, 1.1.2. Relationship to XHTML2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span></span>. <q>... XHTML2... defines a new HTML vocabulary with better features for hyperlinks, multimedia content, annotating document edits, rich metadata, declarative interactive forms, and describing the semantics of human literary works such as poems and scientific papers... However, it lacks elements to express the semantics of many of the non-document types of content often seen on the Web. For instance, forum sites, auction sites, search engines, online shops, and the like, do not fit the document metaphor well and are not covered by XHTML2... <i>This</i> specification aims to extend HTML so that it is also suitable in these contexts...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML+5%2C+1.1.2.+Relationship+to+XHTML2&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2008-01-22&rft.au=Ian+Hickson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2008%2FWD-html5-20080122%2F%23relationship0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w3cxhtml5-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w3cxhtml5_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w3cxhtml5_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/the-xhtml-syntax.html#xhtml">"9 The XHTML syntax — HTML5"</a>. <i>w3.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=9+The+XHTML+syntax+%E2%80%94+HTML5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml5%2Fthe-xhtml-syntax.html%23xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXHTML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/HTML_vs._XHTML">HTML vs. XHTML</a>, WHATWG Wiki</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XHTML" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:XHTML">XHTML</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/xhtml.html#the-xhtml-syntax">The XML syntax for HTML</a> from WHATWG</li> <li>W3C's XHTML recommendations and working group, all superseded <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/">XHTML 1.0 Recommendation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/">XHTML 1.1 Recommendation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/">XHTML Basic 1.1 Recommendation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml2/">XHTML 2.0 Working Group Note</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/MarkUp/">XHTML2 Working Group Home Page</a></li></ul></li> <li>Links dealing with the <a href="/wiki/Internet_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet media type">MIME type</a> of XHTML documents: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webdevout.net/articles/beware-of-xhtml">Beware of XHTML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hixie.ch/advocacy/xhtml">Sending XHTML as text/html Considered Harmful</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keystonewebsites.com/articles/mime_type.php">Serving up XHTML with the correct MIME type</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2003/03/19/dive-into-xml.html">The Road to XHTML 2.0: MIME Types</a> – Mark Pilgrim (3/19/2003). Includes examples for conditionally serving <code>application/xhtml+xml</code> using <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache</a> (via <a href="/wiki/URL_rewriting" class="mw-redirect" title="URL rewriting">URL rewriting</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/docs/web-developer/faq.html#xhtmldiff">Mozilla Web Author FAQ: How is the treatment of application/xhtml+xml documents different from the treatment of text/html documents?</a> – summarizes one web browser's XHTML processing mode</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jkorpela.fi/html/empty.html">Empty elements in SGML, HTML, XML, and XHTML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heptagrama.com/how-to-make-a-web-page.htm">Heptagrama's Basic XHTML 1.0 Strict Tutorial</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://validator.w3.org/">W3C's Markup Validator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corsis.sourceforge.net/index.php/Html2Xhtml">HTML to XHTML conversion library for .NET</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Document_markup_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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suite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">Compound Document Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">OOXML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpreadsheetML" title="SpreadsheetML">SpreadsheetML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PresentationML" class="mw-redirect" title="PresentationML">PresentationML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordprocessingML" class="mw-redirect" title="WordprocessingML">WordprocessingML</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">ODF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format" title="Uniform Office Format">UOF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Well-known</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markdown" title="Markdown">Markdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lesser-known</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaGuide" title="AmigaGuide">AmigaGuide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsciiDoc" title="AsciiDoc">AsciiDoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBCode" title="BBCode">BBCode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Markup_Language" title="Chemical Markup Language">CML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConTeXt" title="ConTeXt">ConTeXt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossMark" class="mw-redirect" title="CrossMark">CrossMark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Information_Typing_Architecture" title="Darwin Information Typing Architecture">DITA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DocBook" title="DocBook">DocBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encoded_Archival_Description" title="Encoded Archival Description">EAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enriched_text" title="Enriched text">Enriched text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FHTML" title="FHTML">FHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_document_markup_languages#GML_Disambiguation" title="List of document markup languages">GML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GuideML" class="mw-redirect" title="GuideML">GuideML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyTime" title="HyTime">HyTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Presentation_Facility" title="Information Presentation Facility">IPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LilyPond" title="LilyPond">LilyPond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinuxDoc" title="LinuxDoc">LinuxDoc</a></li> <li>Lout</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_Interchange_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Maker Interchange Format">MIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Assistance_Markup_Language" title="Microsoft Assistance Markup Language">MAML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Encoding_Initiative" title="Music Encoding Initiative">MEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusicXML" title="MusicXML">MusicXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMDoc" title="OMDoc">OMDoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMath" title="OpenMath">OpenMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Org-mode" title="Org-mode">Org-mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_Old_Documentation" title="Plain Old Documentation">POD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReStructuredText" title="ReStructuredText">ReStructuredText</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTML" title="RTML">RTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisable-Form_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisable-Form Text">RFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S1000D" title="S1000D">S1000D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setext" title="Setext">Setext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_Encoding_Initiative" title="Text Encoding Initiative">TEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texinfo" title="Texinfo">Texinfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki#Editing" title="Wiki">Wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language">WML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WapTV" title="WapTV">WapTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_document_markup_languages" title="List of document markup languages">List of document markup languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:W3C_standards" title="Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:W3C_standards" title="Template talk:W3C standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:W3C_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Recommendations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Streams_(format)" title="Activity Streams (format)">Activity Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_XML" title="Canonical XML">Canonical XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_animations" title="CSS animations">Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Flexible_Box_Layout" title="CSS Flexible Box Layout">Flexbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_grid_layout" title="CSS grid layout">Grid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">EXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_Markup_Language" title="Emotion Markup Language">EmotionML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_Tag_Set" title="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_Data_Notifications" title="Linked Data Notifications">Linked Data Notifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">PLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">Schema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subresource_Integrity" title="Subresource Integrity">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVG_filter_effects" title="SVG filter effects">Filter Effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCXML" title="SCXML">SCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timed_text" title="Timed text">Timed text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">WoT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thing_Description" title="Thing Description">TD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmention" title="Webmention">Webmention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSub" title="WebSub">WebSub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">+RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML_Base" title="XML Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath_3" title="XPath 3">3.x</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL">XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT_elements" title="XSLT elements">elements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndieAuth" title="IndieAuth">IndieAuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#Working_draft_(WD)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Working drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsoleted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P3P" title="P3P">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Advisory Board (page does not exist)">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Board (page does not exist)">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">TAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Working_Group" title="CSS Working Group">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_Working_Group" title="SVG Working Group">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication_Working_Group" title="Web Authentication Working Group">WebAuthn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community & business groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improving_Web_Advertising_Business_Group" title="Improving Web Advertising Business Group">Web Advertising BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> CG</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Device_Description_Working_Group" title="W3C Device Description Working Group">Device Description</a> (DDWG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_MMI" title="W3C MMI">Multimodal Interaction Activity</a> (MMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_httpd" title="CERN httpd">CERN httpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">Libwww</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(browser/editor, 1996–2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">International World Wide Web Conference</a> (IW3C) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conferences_Steering_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee">Steering Committee</a> (IW3C2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web" title="First International Conference on the World-Wide Web">First conference</a> ("WWW1", 1994)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_browsers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_browsers" title="Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_browsers" title="Template talk:Web browsers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_browsers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_browsers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Features_*_standards_*_protocols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Features</li> <li>standards</li> <li>protocols</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(digital)" title="Bookmark (digital)">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">Privacy mode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">v5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">Cookies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_cookies" title="Third-party cookies">third-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status_Protocol" title="Online Certificate Status Protocol">OCSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Active" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avast_Secure_Browser" title="Avast Secure Browser">Avast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%91c_C%E1%BB%91c" title="Cốc Cốc">Coc Coc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Dragon" title="Comodo Dragon">Comodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_(web_browser)" title="Epic (web browser)">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opera_Mobile" title="Opera Mobile">Mobile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Browser" title="Puffin Browser">Puffin </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Browser" title="QQ Browser">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Internet" title="Samsung Internet">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir_(web_browser)" title="Sleipnir (web browser)">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRWare_Iron" title="SRWare Iron">SRWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Browser" title="UC Browser">UC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Whale" title="Naver Whale">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_Open_Source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and Open Source">FOSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooble" title="Dooble">Dooble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkon" title="Falkon">Falkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Browser" title="Otter Browser">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermium" title="Supermium">Supermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoogled-chromium" title="Ungoogled-chromium">ungoogled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorp" title="Floorp">Floorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">GNU IceCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreWolf" title="LibreWolf">LibreWolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midori_(web_browser)" title="Midori (web browser)">Midori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlimBrowser" title="SlimBrowser">SlimBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Browser">Tor Browser</a></li> <li>Gecko <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagi_(search_engine)#Orion_Browser" title="Kagi (search engine)">Orion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-<a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360_Secure_Browser" title="360 Secure Browser">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo_Private_Browser" title="DuckDuckGo Private Browser">DuckDuckGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape" title="Lunascape">Lunascape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetFront" title="NetFront">NetFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutebrowser" title="Qutebrowser">qutebrowser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eww_(web_browser)" title="Eww (web browser)">eww</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_(web_browser)" title="Flow (web browser)">Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladybird_(web_browser)" title="Ladybird (web browser)">Ladybird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_(web_browser)" title="Links (web browser)">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf" title="NetSurf">NetSurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Mini" title="Opera Mini">Opera Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Discontinued" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Discontinued</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_(web_browser)" title="Beaker (web browser)">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrio" title="Citrio">Citrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcore" title="Redcore">Redcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockmelt" title="Rockmelt">Rockmelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SalamWeb" title="SalamWeb">SalamWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(search_engine)#Browser" title="Sputnik (search engine)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torch_(web_browser)" title="Torch (web browser)">Torch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkeror" title="Conkeror">Conkeror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_Lite" title="Firefox Lite">Firefox Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostzilla" title="Ghostzilla">Ghostzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_IceDragon" title="Comodo IceDragon">IceDragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylo_(web_browser)" title="Kylo (web browser)">Kylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Symphony" title="IBM Lotus Symphony">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroB" title="MicroB">MicroB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimo" title="Minimo">Minimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PirateBrowser" title="PirateBrowser">PirateBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Pogo" title="AT&T Pogo">Pogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirix_Strata" title="Kirix Strata">Strata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftfox" title="Swiftfox">Swiftfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftweasel" title="Swiftweasel">Swiftweasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenFourFox" class="mw-redirect" title="TenFourFox">TenFourFox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timberwolf_(web_browser)" title="Timberwolf (web browser)">Timberwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Browser" title="XB Browser">xB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepnet_Explorer" title="Deepnet Explorer">Deepnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBrowser" title="GreenBrowser">GreenBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaBrowser" title="MediaBrowser">MediaBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeoPlanet" title="NeoPlanet">NeoPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetCaptor" title="NetCaptor">NetCaptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceTime_(software)#SpaceTime_Browser" title="SpaceTime (software)">SpaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAC_Browser" title="ZAC Browser">ZAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arora_(web_browser)" title="Arora (web browser)">Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(web_browser)" title="Bolt (web browser)">BOLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Browser" title="Dolphin Browser">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_(web_browser)" title="Fluid (web browser)">Fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(smart_TV_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Google TV (smart TV platform)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Browser" title="Iris Browser">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Browser" title="Mercury Browser">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Browser_for_Symbian" title="Nokia Browser for Symbian">Nokia Symbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Coast" title="Opera Coast">Opera Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origyn_Web_Browser" title="Origyn Web Browser">Origyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtWeb" title="QtWeb">QtWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiira" title="Shiira">Shiira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(web_browser)" title="Steel (web browser)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_(web_browser)" title="Surf (web browser)">surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbl" title="Uzbl">Uzbl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPositive">WebPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xombrero" title="Xombrero">xombrero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaco_(web_browser)" title="Abaco (web browser)">abaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazer_(web_browser)" title="Blazer (web browser)">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_Browser" title="Cake Browser">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(web_browser)" title="Charon (web browser)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM_Browser" title="CM Browser">CM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Live_Labs_Deepfish" title="Microsoft Live Labs Deepfish">Deepfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillo" title="Dillo">Dillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELinks" title="ELinks">ELinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(web_browser)" title="Gazelle (web browser)">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotJava" title="HotJava">HotJava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Home_Page_Reader" title="IBM Home Page Reader">IBM Home Page Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebExplorer" title="IBM WebExplorer">IBM WebExplorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KidZui" title="KidZui">KidZui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">MSN TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="NetPositive">NetPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweezer" title="Skweezer">Skweezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyfire_(company)" title="Skyfire (company)">Skyfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThunderHawk" title="ThunderHawk">ThunderHawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Mobile_Browser" title="Vision Mobile Browser">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinWAP" title="WinWAP">WinWAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a 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