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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emotional_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emotional_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Emotional expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emotional_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perception_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perception_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Perception and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perception_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biological_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Biological perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biological_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cosmetic_surgery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cosmetic_surgery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cosmetic surgery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cosmetic_surgery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caricatures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caricatures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Caricatures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caricatures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metaphor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaphor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Metaphor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaphor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Face</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="وجه (تشريح) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وجه (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara" title="Cara – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cara" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A6%DC%90" title="ܐܦܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܦܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C8%9B%C3%A2" title="Fațâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Fațâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara" title="Cara – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cara" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otactimiwk" title="Otactimiwk – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Otactimiwk" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tova" title="Tova – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tova" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гьумер – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гьумер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%B1naqa" title="Uñnaqa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uñnaqa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cz" title="Üz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2" title="মুখমণ্ডল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুখমণ্ডল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muha" title="Muha – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Muha" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ABn" title="Bīn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bīn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Твар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Твар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Твар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Твар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalawgon" title="Lalawgon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lalawgon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Лице – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лице" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lice_(anatomija)" title="Lice (anatomija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lice (anatomija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dremm" title="Dremm – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dremm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara" title="Cara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Пит – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawong" title="Nawong – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nawong" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obli%C4%8Dej" title="Obličej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obličej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkhope" title="Nkhope – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nkhope" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uso" title="Uso – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uso" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyneb" title="Wyneb – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wyneb" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansigt" title="Ansigt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ansigt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesicht" title="Gesicht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesicht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AB%DE%82%DE%AA" title="މޫނު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މޫނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4gu" title="Nägu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nägu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF" title="Πρόσωπο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόσωπο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara" title="Cara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viza%C4%9Do" title="Vizaĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vizaĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurpegi" title="Aurpegi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aurpegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="صورت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_(anatomie)" title="Face (anatomie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Face (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesicht" title="Gesicht – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gesicht" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghaidh" title="Aghaidh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aghaidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aodann" title="Aodann – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aodann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face" title="Face – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Face" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%A2" title="面 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="面" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%BC%EA%B5%B4" title="얼굴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="얼굴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D6%84" title="Դեմք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեմք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="चेहरा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चेहरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lice" title="Lice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizajo" title="Vizajo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vizajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajah" title="Wajah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wajah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facie" title="Facie – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Facie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kii%C3%B1aq" title="Kiiñaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kiiñaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuso" title="Ubuso – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubuso" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andlit" title="Andlit – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Andlit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viso" title="Viso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai" title="Rai – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rai" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%96" title="ಮುಖ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಖ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupa" title="Lupa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lupa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="სახე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8F%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="بُتھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بُتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Адам беті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адам беті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enep" title="Enep – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Enep" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uso" title="Uso – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uso" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figi" title="Figi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Figi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лажин – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Лажин" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facies" title="Facies – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Facies" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seja" title="Seja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Seja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesiicht" title="Gesiicht – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gesiicht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veidas" title="Veidas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Veidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhala" title="Sikhala – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Sikhala" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elongi" title="Elongi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Elongi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCs" title="Müs – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Müs" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc" title="Arc – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Лице – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лице" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%82" title="മുഖം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഖം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="चेहरा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेहरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="სახე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სახე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="دیم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دیم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muka" title="Muka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ng" title="Méng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Méng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="မျက်နှာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျက်နှာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelaat" title="Gelaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gelaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अनुहार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अनुहार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="ख्वाः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ख्वाः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%94" title="顔 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="顔" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%8C" title="Йуьхь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йуьхь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansikt" title="Ansikt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ansikt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andlet" title="Andlet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Andlet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fache" title="Fache – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fache" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara" title="Cara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9%DA%BE" title="مُکھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مُکھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE_(%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A)" title="مخ (اناتومي) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مخ (اناتومي)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twarz" title="Twarz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Twarz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face" title="Face – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Face" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesech" title="Jesech – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jesech" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Față – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Față" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uya" title="Uya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Лицо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лицо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/bihid" title="bihid – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="bihid" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वदनम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वदनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face" title="Face – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Face" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facci" title="Facci – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Facci" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face" title="Face – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Face" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%86%DA%BE%D9%86" title="مُنھن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مُنھن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%A1r_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Tvár (biológia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tvár (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waji" title="Waji – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Waji" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%D9%88%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88" title="دەموچاو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەموچاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Лице – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лице" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lice" title="Lice – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lice" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvot" title="Kasvot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansikte" title="Ansikte – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ansikte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukha" title="Mukha – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mukha" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udem" title="Udem – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Udem" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%82" title="ముఖం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముఖం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ใบหน้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ใบหน้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B9" title="Рӯй – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рӯй" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCz" title="Yüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F" title="Обличчя – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обличчя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%81" title="چہرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چہرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naj" title="Naj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Naj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B7t_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Mặt (sinh học) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mặt (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawong" title="Nawong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nawong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%94" title="面孔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="面孔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%98" title="געזיכט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געזיכט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%A2_(%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94)" title="面 (身體) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="面 (身體)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri" title="Ri – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ri" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the body that is at the front of the head</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Face_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Face (disambiguation)">Face (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Faces" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Faces_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Faces (disambiguation)">Faces (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Human face" redirects here. For the miniseries, see <a href="/wiki/The_Human_Face" title="The Human Face"><i>The Human Face</i></a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-{{{name=Unbalanced_human-centric}}} plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/24px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/35px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/47px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="861" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article about <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> may be <b>excessively human-centric</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit">improve coverage for other species</a> and discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Face" title="Talk:Face">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Face</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_faces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Human_faces.jpg/250px-Human_faces.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Human_faces.jpg/375px-Human_faces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Human_faces.jpg/500px-Human_faces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2015" data-file-height="1035" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Face of a woman (left) and face of a man (right)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_260.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sobo_1909_260.png/250px-Sobo_1909_260.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sobo_1909_260.png/375px-Sobo_1909_260.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sobo_1909_260.png/500px-Sobo_1909_260.png 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ventrolateral aspect of the human face with skin removed, showing muscles of the face</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>facies, facia or fave</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005145">D005145</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.006%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.006</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=112">112</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma24728">24728</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37017" class="extiw" title="d:Q37017">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>face</b> is the front of an animal's head that features the <a href="/wiki/Eyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyes">eyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nose" title="Nose">nose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mouth" title="Mouth">mouth</a>, and through which animals express many of their <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scotland_Governement_Year_of_Discovery_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotland_Governement_Year_of_Discovery_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The face is crucial for human <a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">identity</a>, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may affect the psyche adversely.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The front of the <a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">human head</a> is called the face. It includes several distinct areas,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which the main features are: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">forehead</a>, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> beneath the <a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hairline</a>, bordered laterally by the <a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">temples</a> and inferiorly by <a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">eyebrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">ears</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">eyes</a>, sitting in the <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">orbit</a> and protected by <a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">eyelids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">eyelashes</a></li> <li>The distinctive <a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">human nose</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethmoid_bone" title="Ethmoid bone">shape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nostril" title="Nostril">nostrils</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nasal_septum" title="Nasal septum">nasal septum</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">cheeks</a>, covering the <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">maxilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandible</a> (or jaw), the extremity of which is the <a href="/wiki/Chin" title="Chin">chin</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</a>, with the upper <a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">lip</a> divided by the <a href="/wiki/Philtrum" title="Philtrum">philtrum</a>, sometimes revealing the <a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">teeth</a></li></ul> <p>Facial <a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">appearance</a> is vital for human <a href="/wiki/Identity_(philosophy)" title="Identity (philosophy)">recognition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>. <a href="/wiki/Facial_muscles" title="Facial muscles">Facial muscles</a> in humans allow <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">expression</a> of <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotions</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The face is itself a highly <a href="/wiki/Sense" title="Sense">sensitive</a> region of the human body and its expression may change when the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">brain</a> is stimulated by any of the many human <a href="/wiki/Sense" title="Sense">senses</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Somatosensory_system" title="Somatosensory system">touch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olfaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfaction">smell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">taste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hearing_(sense)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing (sense)">hearing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vestibular_sense" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestibular sense"> movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunger" title="Hunger">hunger</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">visual stimuli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variability">Variability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_variability" title="Human variability">Human variability</a></div> <p>The face is the feature which best distinguishes a <a href="/wiki/Person" title="Person">person</a>. Specialized regions of the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fusiform_face_area" title="Fusiform face area">fusiform face area</a> (FFA), enable facial recognition; when these are <a href="/wiki/Prosopagnosia" title="Prosopagnosia">damaged</a>, it may be impossible to recognize faces even of intimate family members. The pattern of specific organs, such as the eyes, or of parts of them, is used in <a href="/wiki/Biometric_identification" class="mw-redirect" title="Biometric identification">biometric identification</a> to uniquely identify individuals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shape">Shape</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braus_1921_375.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braus_1921_375.png/150px-Braus_1921_375.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braus_1921_375.png/225px-Braus_1921_375.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braus_1921_375.png/300px-Braus_1921_375.png 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The muscles of the face are important when engaging in facial expressions.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0393_FacialBones_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blausen_0393_FacialBones_01.png/150px-Blausen_0393_FacialBones_01.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blausen_0393_FacialBones_01.png/225px-Blausen_0393_FacialBones_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blausen_0393_FacialBones_01.png/300px-Blausen_0393_FacialBones_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Human_skeleton" title="Human skeleton">Skeletal anatomy</a> of the face</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The shape of the face is influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone-structure</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Skull#Humans" title="Skull">skull</a>, and each face is unique through the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_variation" title="Anatomical variation">anatomical variation</a> present in the bones of the <a href="/wiki/Facial_skeleton" title="Facial skeleton">viscerocranium</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Neurocranium" title="Neurocranium">neurocranium</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bones involved in shaping the face are mainly the <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">maxilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasal_bone" title="Nasal bone">nasal bone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_bone" title="Zygomatic bone">zygomatic bone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frontal_bone" title="Frontal bone">frontal bone</a>. Also important are various <a href="/wiki/Soft_tissue" title="Soft tissue">soft tissues</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Adipose_tissue" title="Adipose tissue">fat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> (of which color may vary).<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The face changes over time, and features common in <a href="/wiki/Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">children</a> or <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">babies</a>, such as prominent <a href="/wiki/Buccal_fat_pad" title="Buccal fat pad">buccal fat-pads</a> disappear over time, their role in the infant being to stabilize the cheeks during <a href="/wiki/Suckling" class="mw-redirect" title="Suckling">suckling</a>. While the buccal fat-pads often diminish in size, the prominence of bones increase with age as they grow and develop.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Facial shape – such as <a href="/wiki/Facial_symmetry" title="Facial symmetry">facial symmetry</a> – is an important determinant of <a href="/wiki/Human_beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="Human beauty">beauty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_characteristics">Other characteristics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Visible variable features of the face other than shapes and proportions include color (paleness, <a href="/wiki/Sun_tan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun tan">sun tan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skin_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin color">genetic default pigmentation</a>), hair (length, <a href="/wiki/Human_hair_color" title="Human hair color">color</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">loss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hair_graying" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair graying">graying</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wrinkle" title="Wrinkle">wrinkles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/ics.12128_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/ics.12128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> facial hair (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Beard" title="Beard">beards</a>), skin sagging,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/ics.12128_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/ics.12128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> discolorations<sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Hyperpigmentation" title="Hyperpigmentation">dark spots</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/ics.12128_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/ics.12128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Freckle" title="Freckle">freckles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Periorbital_dark_circles" title="Periorbital dark circles">eye circles</a><sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/ics.12128_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/ics.12128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Sweat_gland" title="Sweat gland">pore</a>-variabilities,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1117/12.975404_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1117/12.975404-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> skin blemishes (<a href="/wiki/Pimple" title="Pimple">pimples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scar" title="Scar">scars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burn" title="Burn">burn marks</a>). Many of these features can also vary over time due to <a href="/wiki/Aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Aging">aging</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/ics.12128_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/ics.12128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Skin_care" title="Skin care">skin care</a>, nutrition,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.3892/etm.2019.8342_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.3892/etm.2019.8342-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Exposome" title="Exposome">exposome</a><sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (such as harmful substances of the general environment,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> workplace and cosmetics), psychological factors,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and behavior (such as smoking,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sleep,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> physical activity and <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_sunlight_exposure" title="Health effects of sunlight exposure">sun damage</a><sup id="cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Mechanisms underlying these include changes related to <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">peptides</a> (notably <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">collagen</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.3892/etm.2019.8342_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.3892/etm.2019.8342-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> production of various proteins (notably <a href="/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin">elastin</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Extracellular_matrix_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Extracellular matrix protein">ECM proteins</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-10.3892/etm.2019.8342_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.3892/etm.2019.8342-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the structure of <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue" title="Subcutaneous tissue">subcutaneous tissue</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormones</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/jdv.16614_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/jdv.16614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fibers (such as elastic fibers or elasticity)<sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Skin_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin barrier">skin barrier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The desire of many to look young for their age and/or attractive<sup id="cite_ref-10.1111/ics.12128_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1111/ics.12128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has led to the establishment of a large <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmetics industry">cosmetics industry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is largely concerned with <a href="/wiki/Make-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Make-up">make-up</a> that is applied on top of the skin (topically) to temporarily change appearance but it or <a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">dermatology</a> also develop <a href="/wiki/Anti-aging_product" title="Anti-aging product">anti-aging products</a> (and related products and procedures) that in some cases affect underlying biology and are partly applied preventively.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facial traits are also used in <a href="/wiki/Biometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Biometric">biometrics</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there have been attempts at reproducible quantifications.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1117/12.975404_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1117/12.975404-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a> health is considered a major factor in human <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a> and the perception of health in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Genetics">Genetics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Human_genetics" title="Human genetics">Genes</a> are a major factor in the particular appearance of a person's face with the high similarity of faces of <a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identical_twins#Twin_research" class="extiw" title="simple:Identical twins">identical twins</a> indicating that most of facial variability is determined genetically.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Studies have identified genes and gene regions determining face shape and differences in various facial features. A 2021 study found that a version of a gene associated with lip thickness – possibly selected for due to adaption to cold climate via fat distribution – <a href="/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans" title="Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans">introgressed</a> from ancient humans – <a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovans</a> – into the modern humans <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study found look-alike humans (<a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">doppelgängers</a>) have genetic similarities, sharing genes affecting not only the face but also some <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a> of physique and <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral genetics">behavior</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study identified genes controlling the shape of the nose and chin.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">Biological databases</a> may be used to aggregate and discover associations between facial <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a> and genes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:585px;max-width:585px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthropogenie;_oder,_Entwickelungs-geschichte_des_Menschen_(1910)_(19181312270).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anthropogenie%3B_oder%2C_Entwickelungs-geschichte_des_Menschen_%281910%29_%2819181312270%29.jpg/132px-Anthropogenie%3B_oder%2C_Entwickelungs-geschichte_des_Menschen_%281910%29_%2819181312270%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anthropogenie%3B_oder%2C_Entwickelungs-geschichte_des_Menschen_%281910%29_%2819181312270%29.jpg/198px-Anthropogenie%3B_oder%2C_Entwickelungs-geschichte_des_Menschen_%281910%29_%2819181312270%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anthropogenie%3B_oder%2C_Entwickelungs-geschichte_des_Menschen_%281910%29_%2819181312270%29.jpg/264px-Anthropogenie%3B_oder%2C_Entwickelungs-geschichte_des_Menschen_%281910%29_%2819181312270%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="3404" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Human face development, by <a href="/wiki/Haeckel" class="mw-redirect" title="Haeckel">Haeckel</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kulusuk,_Inuit_man_(6822268117).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_man_%286822268117%29.jpg/134px-Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_man_%286822268117%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_man_%286822268117%29.jpg/201px-Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_man_%286822268117%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_man_%286822268117%29.jpg/268px-Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_man_%286822268117%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A man's face</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tigray_Woman_(8756820602).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tigray_Woman_%288756820602%29.jpg/133px-Tigray_Woman_%288756820602%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tigray_Woman_%288756820602%29.jpg/200px-Tigray_Woman_%288756820602%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tigray_Woman_%288756820602%29.jpg/266px-Tigray_Woman_%288756820602%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="1277" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A woman's face</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HV_Head_Shot_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/HV_Head_Shot_copy.jpg/170px-HV_Head_Shot_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/HV_Head_Shot_copy.jpg/255px-HV_Head_Shot_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/HV_Head_Shot_copy.jpg/340px-HV_Head_Shot_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">An intersex person's face</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emotional_expression">Emotional expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Emotional expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Faces are essential to expressing <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotion</a>, consciously or unconsciously. A frown denotes disapproval; a smile usually means someone is pleased. Being able to read emotion in another's face is "the fundamental basis for empathy and the ability to interpret a person's reactions and predict the probability of ensuing behaviors". One study used the Multimodal Emotion Recognition Test<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to attempt to determine how to measure emotion. This research aimed at using a measuring device to accomplish what many people do every day: read emotion in a face.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The muscles of the face play a prominent role in the expression of emotion,<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and vary among different individuals, giving rise to additional diversity in expression and facial features.<sup id="cite_ref-Braus_1921_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braus_1921-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braus_1921_379.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Braus_1921_379.png/250px-Braus_1921_379.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Braus_1921_379.png/375px-Braus_1921_379.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Braus_1921_379.png/500px-Braus_1921_379.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1336" /></a><figcaption>Variations of the <a href="/wiki/Risorius" title="Risorius">risorius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangularis">triangularis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zygomaticus_major_muscle" title="Zygomaticus major muscle">zygomaticus</a> muscles</figcaption></figure> <p>People are also relatively good at determining if a smile is real or fake. A recent study looked at individuals judging forced and genuine smiles. While young and elderly participants equally could tell the difference for smiling young people, the "older adult participants outperformed young adult participants in distinguishing between posed and spontaneous smiles".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests that with experience and age, we become more accurate at perceiving true emotions across various age groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perception_and_recognition">Perception and recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Perception and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Face_perception" title="Face perception">Face perception</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martian_face_viking_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Martian_face_viking_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Face_perception" title="Face perception">face perception</a> mechanisms of the brain, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fusiform_face_area" title="Fusiform face area">fusiform face area</a>, can produce facial <a href="/wiki/Pareidolia" title="Pareidolia">pareidolias</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(region_of_Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cydonia (region of Mars)">this famous rock formation on Mars</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt psychologists</a> theorize that a face is not merely a set of facial features, but is rather something meaningful in its form. This is consistent with the Gestalt theory that an image is seen in its entirety, not by its individual parts. According to Gary L. Allen, people adapted to respond more to faces during evolution as the natural result of being a social species. Allen suggests that the purpose of recognizing faces has its roots in the "parent-infant attraction, a quick and low-effort means by which parents and infants form an internal representation of each other, reducing the likelihood that the parent will abandon his or her offspring because of recognition failure".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allen's work takes a psychological perspective that combines evolutionary theories with Gestalt psychology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biological_perspective">Biological perspective</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Biological perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research has indicated that certain areas of the brain respond particularly well to faces. The <a href="/wiki/Fusiform_face_area" title="Fusiform face area">fusiform face area</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/Fusiform_gyrus" title="Fusiform gyrus">fusiform gyrus</a>, is activated by faces, and it is activated differently for <a href="/wiki/Shyness" title="Shyness">shy</a> and social people. A study confirmed that "when viewing images of strangers, shy adults exhibited significantly less activation in the fusiform gyri than did social adults".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, particular areas respond more to a face that is considered attractive, as seen in another study: "Facial beauty evokes a widely distributed neural network involving perceptual, decision-making and reward circuits. In those experiments, the perceptual response across FFA and LOC remained present even when subjects were not attending explicitly to facial beauty".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cosmetic_surgery">Cosmetic surgery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cosmetic surgery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmetic surgery">Cosmetic surgery</a> can be used to alter the appearance of the facial features.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maxillofacial surgery may also be used in cases of <a href="/wiki/Facial_trauma" title="Facial trauma">facial trauma</a>, injury to the face and skin diseases. Severely disfigured individuals have recently received full <a href="/wiki/Face_transplant" title="Face transplant">face transplants</a> and partial transplants of skin and muscle tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caricatures">Caricatures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Caricatures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">Caricatures</a> often exaggerate facial features to make a face more easily recognized in association with a pronounced portion of the face of the individual in question—for example, a caricature of <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> might focus on his facial hair and nose; a caricature of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> might enlarge his ears to the size of an elephant's; a caricature of <a href="/wiki/Jay_Leno" title="Jay Leno">Jay Leno</a> may pronounce his head and chin; and a caricature of <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> might enlarge his lips. Exaggeration of memorable features helps people to recognize others when presented in a caricature form.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaphor">Metaphor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Metaphor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By extension, anything which is the forward or world-facing part of a system which has internal structure is considered its "face", like the <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade" title="Façade">façade</a> of a building. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Public_Relations_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Relations Officer">public relations</a> or <a href="/wiki/Press_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Press officer">press officer</a> might be called the "face" of the organization he or she represents. "Face" is also used metaphorically in a <a href="/wiki/Face_(sociological_concept)" title="Face (sociological concept)">sociological context</a> to refer to reputation or standing in society, particularly Chinese society,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is spoken of as a resource which can be won or lost. Because of the association with individuality, the anonymous person is sometimes referred to as "faceless". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diprosopus" title="Diprosopus">Diprosopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_perception" title="Face perception">Face perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_symmetry" title="Facial symmetry">Facial symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiognomy" title="Physiognomy">Physiognomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosopagnosia" title="Prosopagnosia">Prosopagnosia</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Faces" class="extiw" title="q:Faces">Faces</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/face" class="extiw" title="commons:face"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">face</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Face&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMoore,_Keith_L.Dalley,_Arthur_F.Agur,_Anne_M._R.2010" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2010). <i>Moore's clinical anatomy</i>. United States of America: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 843–980. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60547-652-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60547-652-0"><bdi>978-1-60547-652-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moore%27s+clinical+anatomy&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=843-980&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60547-652-0&rft.au=Moore%2C+Keith+L.&rft.au=Dalley%2C+Arthur+F.&rft.au=Agur%2C+Anne+M.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scotland_Governement_Year_of_Discovery_2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scotland_Governement_Year_of_Discovery_2011_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085750/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2011/12/22105642">"Year of Discovery, Faceless and Brainless Fish"</a>. 2011-12-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2011/12/22105642">the original</a> on 2014-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Year+of+Discovery%2C+Faceless+and+Brainless+Fish&rft.date=2011-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FNews%2FReleases%2F2011%2F12%2F22105642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/face">Face | Define Face at Dictionary.com</a>. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/anatomy.jsp">Anatomy of the Face and Head Underlying Facial Expression</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129195258/http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/anatomy.jsp">Archived</a> 2007-11-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Face-and-emotion.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pone.0008021_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnRexbyeGriffithsMurray2009" class="citation journal cs1">Gunn, David A.; Rexbye, Helle; Griffiths, Christopher E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2021</span>. <q>Based on Walsh's phenotype analysis, King determined that one of the earliest paintings of Richard III, the 1510 "Arched Framed Portrait," best matched the genetic information. "We were still dealing with categories [of color] because we're not at the quantitative level yet," Walsh said of her determination of Richard III's hair and eye color. "[King] wanted something physical to see, and that's what spurred me to move toward the quantitative so strongly. Because I could always say to someone, 'blue' or 'blonde,' and they would say, 'I need to see this physically.' So that is what I'm working on now. I want to produce that result." Walsh has gathered DNA phenotype data from 2,000 Irish, Greek and U.S. individuals and is currently collecting data from 3,000 additional individuals from those same countries in order to create a phenotype-genotype database and prediction model. 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Retrieved on 2011-04-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo,_David_Yau-fai1976" class="citation journal cs1">Ho, David Yau-fai (January 1976). "On the Concept of Face". <i>American Journal of Sociology</i>. <b>81</b> (4): 867–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F226145">10.1086/226145</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2777600">2777600</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145513767">145513767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=On+the+Concept+of+Face&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=867-84&rft.date=1976-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145513767%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2777600%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F226145&rft.au=Ho%2C+David+Yau-fai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFace" class="Z3988"></span>: "The concept of face is, of course, Chinese in origin".</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Face</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">Forehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin" title="Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">Lip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Tooth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">Jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">Mandible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">Occiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">Scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_apple" title="Adam's apple">Adam's apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">Throat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nape" title="Nape">Nape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">Torso</a> (Trunk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">Waist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">Midriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">Navel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">Scrotum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">Limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">Axilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">Wrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Fingernail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_finger" title="Ring finger">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">Little</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_(leg)" title="Calf (leg)">Calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">Foot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">Ankle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">Heel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">Toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Toenail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">Sole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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