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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Meaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Root_of_the_hair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Root_of_the_hair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Root of the hair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Root_of_the_hair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Natural color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_hair_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_hair_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Human hair growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_hair_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Texture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classification_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Classification systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Andre_Walker_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_Walker_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.1</span> <span>Andre Walker system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_Walker_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FIA_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FIA_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.2</span> <span>FIA system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FIA_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Functions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Warmth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warmth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Warmth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warmth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Touch_sense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Touch_sense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Touch sense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Touch_sense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eyebrows_and_eyelashes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eyebrows_and_eyelashes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Eyebrows and eyelashes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eyebrows_and_eyelashes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Human_hairlessness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_hairlessness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Human hairlessness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_hairlessness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolutionary_variation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolutionary_variation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Evolutionary variation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolutionary_variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texture_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texture_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Texture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texture_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Curly_hair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curly_hair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Curly hair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curly_hair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_EDAR_locus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_EDAR_locus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>The EDAR locus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_EDAR_locus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hair_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hair_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hair care</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hair_care-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hair care subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hair_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Removal_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Removal practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Shaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waxing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waxing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Waxing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waxing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laser_removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laser_removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Laser removal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laser_removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cutting_and_trimming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cutting_and_trimming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.4</span> <span>Cutting and trimming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cutting_and_trimming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Social role</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Social role subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Social_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indication_of_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indication_of_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Indication of status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indication_of_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Religious practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Arabic_poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Arabic_poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>In Arabic poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Arabic_poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hair</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 149 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haar" title="Haar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Haar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%80%E1%8C%89%E1%88%AD" title="ፀጉር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፀጉር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="شعر (تشريح) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعر (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelo" title="Pelo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pelo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%99%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܙܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܙܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մազեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մազեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAl" title="Pêl – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pêl" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="চুলি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চুলি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelo" title="Pelo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pelo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tague" title="Tague – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tague" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Рас – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Рас" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91ik%27uta" title="Ñik'uta – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ñik'uta" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C3%A7" title="Saç – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Saç" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="توک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambut" title="Rambut – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rambut" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="চুল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%CD%98" title="Mo͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mo͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%81" title="Сәс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Валасы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валасы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Валасы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валасы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhok" title="Buhok – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Buhok" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Коса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlaka" title="Dlaka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dlaka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blev" title="Blev – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Blev" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8l" title="Pèl – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pèl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BA_(%D1%81%C4%95%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D3%B3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Тĕк (сĕтпе ӳсекеннисен) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕк (сĕтпе ӳсекеннисен)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlup_(zoologie)" title="Chlup (zoologie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chlup (zoologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhudzi" title="Vhudzi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vhudzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisi" title="Sisi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Sisi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5r" title="Hår – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hår" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haar" title="Haar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karvad" title="Karvad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karvad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%B1" title="Τρίχα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρίχα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelo" title="Pelo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haro" title="Haro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Haro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ile" title="Ile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88" title="مو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poil" title="Poil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hier_(begroei%C3%AFng)" title="Hier (begroeiïng) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hier (begroeiïng)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruaig" title="Gruaig – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gruaig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falt" title="Falt – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Falt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabelo" title="Cabelo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cabelo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B3" title="વાળ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાળ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="केंस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="केंस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%84%B8" title="털 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="털" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մազեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մազեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="बाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlake" title="Dlake – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dlake" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilo" title="Pilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nt%E1%BB%A5t%E1%BB%A5_%E1%BB%8Bs%E1%BB%8B" title="Ntụtụ ịsị – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ntụtụ ịsị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambut" title="Rambut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rambut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%94%AD%E1%90%83%E1%91%A6" title="ᓄᔭᐃᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓄᔭᐃᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuyaq" title="Nuyaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nuyaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iinwele" title="Iinwele – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Iinwele" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1r" title="Hár – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hár" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelo" title="Pelo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pelo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="שיער – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיער" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambut" title="Rambut – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rambut" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಕೂದಲು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೂದಲು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buak" title="Buak – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Buak" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="თმა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Шаш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шаш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blewen" title="Blewen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Blewen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nywele" title="Nywele – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nywele" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8" title="Си – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Си" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheve" title="Cheve – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Cheve" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por_(anatom%C3%AE)" title="Por (anatomî) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Por (anatomî)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Чач – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чач" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="ЧӀарарду – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЧӀарарду" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ເສັ້ນຜົມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເສັ້ນຜົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilus" title="Pilus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pilus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati" title="Mati – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mati" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoer" title="Hoer – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hoer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaukas" title="Plaukas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plaukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsuki" title="Nsuki – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nsuki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capel" title="Capel – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Capel" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obu%27" title="Obu' – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Obu'" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="മുടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="केस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="केस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="თუმა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თუმა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C" title="می – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="می" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambut" title="Rambut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rambut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဆံပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆံပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haar_(zoogdier)" title="Haar (zoogdier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haar (zoogdier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="कपाल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कपाल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%81_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9)" title="सँ (म्ह) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सँ (म्ह)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B_(%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9)" title="毛 (動物) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="毛 (動物)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pire_(anatum%C3%ADa)" title="Pire (anatumía) – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pire (anatumía)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5r" title="Hår – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hår" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5r" title="Hår – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hår" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6" title="କେଶ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କେଶ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soch" title="Soch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Soch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਵਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="केसा – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="केसा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buek" title="Buek – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Buek" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%9A%D8%AA%D9%87" title="ويښته – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويښته" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A9ille" title="Poéille – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Poéille" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82os" title="Włos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Włos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabelo" title="Cabelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cabelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83r" title="Păr – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Păr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukcha" title="Chukcha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chukcha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Волосы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волосы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Баттах – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Баттах" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="केशः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="केशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B5" title="ᱩᱵ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱵ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilu" title="Pilu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pilu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair" title="Hair – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hair" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="وار – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlp_(cicavce)" title="Chlp (cicavce) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chlp (cicavce)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las" title="Las – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Las" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin" title="Tin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88" title="موو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="موو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Длака – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Длака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlake" title="Dlake – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dlake" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buuk" title="Buuk – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Buuk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karva" title="Karva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5r" title="Hår – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hår" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhok" title="Buhok – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buhok" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="முடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acebbub" title="Acebbub – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Acebbub" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%99%D1%87" title="Чәч – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чәч" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95" title="వెంట్రుక – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెంట్రుక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A1" title="เส้นผม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เส้นผม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%AF%D0%B9" title="Мӯй – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мӯй" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%B0%E1%8E%AC" title="ᎤᏍᏗᏰᎬ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏍᏗᏰᎬ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1l" title="Kıl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tyin_(pyia%CC%B1)" title="A̱tyin (pyia̱) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tyin (pyia̱)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%8A%D1%88" title="Чаъш – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чаъш" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8F" title="Волосся – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волосся" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%86" title="چاچ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چاچ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwn" title="Bwn – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bwn" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveji" title="Caveji – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Caveji" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4ng" title="Lông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karv" title="Karv – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Karv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poyaedje" title="Poyaedje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Poyaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%AE" title="髮 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="髮" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhok" title="Buhok – 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis, or skin</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about hair in humans and other mammals. For hairs in other organisms, see <a href="/wiki/Seta" title="Seta">Seta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">Trichome</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hair_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hair (disambiguation)">Hair (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Hair</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray945.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray945.png/250px-Gray945.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Gray945.png 1.5x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cross section of a hair strand</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_8115_Human_hair_and_Merino_wool_fibre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/CSIRO_ScienceImage_8115_Human_hair_and_Merino_wool_fibre.jpg/250px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_8115_Human_hair_and_Merino_wool_fibre.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/CSIRO_ScienceImage_8115_Human_hair_and_Merino_wool_fibre.jpg/375px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_8115_Human_hair_and_Merino_wool_fibre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/CSIRO_ScienceImage_8115_Human_hair_and_Merino_wool_fibre.jpg/500px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_8115_Human_hair_and_Merino_wool_fibre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2051" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanning electron microscopy">Scanning electron microscopy</a> image of Merino wool (top) and human hair (bottom) showing keratin scales</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Integumentary_system" title="Integumentary system">Integumentary system</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>capillum</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006197">D006197</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/16.0.00.014%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A16.0.00.014</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=7053">7053</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" title="Terminologia Histologica">TH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/PDF/TH%20Chapter%20H3.12.pdf">H3.12.00.3.02001 </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma53667">53667</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28472" class="extiw" title="d:Q28472">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hair</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Protein_filament" title="Protein filament">protein filament</a> that grows from <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">follicles</a> found in the <a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">dermis</a>. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a>, apart from areas of <a href="/wiki/Glabrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Glabrous">glabrous</a> skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick <a href="/wiki/Terminal_hair" title="Terminal hair">terminal</a> and fine <a href="/wiki/Vellus_hair" title="Vellus hair">vellus hair</a>. Most common interest in hair is focused on <a href="/wiki/Hair_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair growth">hair growth</a>, hair types, and <a href="/wiki/Hair_care" title="Hair care">hair care</a>, but hair is also an important <a href="/wiki/Biomaterial" title="Biomaterial">biomaterial</a> primarily composed of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Alpha-keratin" title="Alpha-keratin">alpha-keratin</a>. </p><p>Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as <a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">hairstyles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">hair removal</a>, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meaning">Meaning</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:506_Hair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/506_Hair.jpg/220px-506_Hair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/506_Hair.jpg/330px-506_Hair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/506_Hair.jpg/440px-506_Hair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption>Anatomy of the hair shaft and bulb.</figcaption></figure> <p>The word "hair" usually refers to two distinct structures: </p> <ol><li>the part beneath the skin, called the <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">hair follicle</a>, or, when pulled from the skin, the bulb or root. This organ is located in the <a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">dermis</a> and maintains <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cells</a>, which not only re-grow the hair after it falls out, but also are recruited to regrow skin after a <a href="/wiki/Wound" title="Wound">wound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the hair shaft, which is the hard filamentous part that extends above the skin surface. It is made of multi-layered keratinized (dead) flat cells whose rope-like filaments provide structure and strength to it. The protein called <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> makes up most of its volume. A cross section of the hair shaft may be divided roughly into three zones.</li></ol> <p>Hair fibers have a structure consisting of several layers, starting from the outside: </p> <ol><li>the <a href="/wiki/Cuticle_(hair)" title="Cuticle (hair)">cuticle</a>, which consists of several layers of flat, thin cells laid out overlapping one another as roof shingles</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Cortex_(hair)" title="Cortex (hair)">cortex</a>, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> bundles in cell structures that remain roughly rod-like</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Medulla_(hair)" title="Medulla (hair)">medulla</a>, a disorganized and open area at the fiber's center<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3></div> <p>The word "hair" is derived from <a href="/wiki/Middle_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle English language">Middle English</a>: <i lang="enm">heer</i> and <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">hêr</i></span>, in turn derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">hǽr</i> and <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">hér</i></span>, with influence from <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse language">Old Norse</a>: <i lang="non">hár</i>. Both the Old English and Old Norse words derive from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a>: *<i lang="gem">hēran</i> and are related to terms for hair in other Germanic languages such as <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">här</i>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">haar</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_Frisian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Frisian language">Old Frisian</a>: <i lang="ofs">her</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The now broadly obsolete word "fax" refers specifically to head hair and is found in compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_(name)" title="Fairfax (name)">Fairfax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax</a>. It is derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">feax</i> and is cognate with terms such as <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">fax</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hair_follicle_of_feline_-_Microscopic_view_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hair_follicle_of_feline_-_Microscopic_view_2.jpg/220px-Hair_follicle_of_feline_-_Microscopic_view_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hair_follicle_of_feline_-_Microscopic_view_2.jpg/330px-Hair_follicle_of_feline_-_Microscopic_view_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hair_follicle_of_feline_-_Microscopic_view_2.jpg/440px-Hair_follicle_of_feline_-_Microscopic_view_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">Hair follicle</a> of Felidae.</figcaption></figure> <p>Each strand of hair is made up of the <a href="/wiki/Medulla_(hair)" title="Medulla (hair)">medulla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cortex_(hair)" title="Cortex (hair)">cortex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuticle_(hair)" title="Cuticle (hair)">cuticle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hair_Structure_and_Hair_Life_Cycle_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hair_Structure_and_Hair_Life_Cycle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The innermost region, the <a href="/wiki/Medulla_(hair)" title="Medulla (hair)">medulla</a>, is an open and unstructured region that is not always present.<sup id="cite_ref-Topic_2:_The_Layers_of_the_Hair_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topic_2:_The_Layers_of_the_Hair-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highly structural and organized <a href="/wiki/Cortex_(hair)" title="Cortex (hair)">cortex</a>, or second of three layers of the hair, is the primary source of mechanical strength and water uptake. The cortex contains <a href="/wiki/Melanin" title="Melanin">melanin</a>, which colors the <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">fiber</a> based on the number, distribution and types of <a href="/wiki/Melanin" title="Melanin">melanin</a> granules. The melanin may be evenly spaced or cluster around the edges of the hair.<sup id="cite_ref-bisbing_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bisbing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shape of the follicle determines the shape of the cortex, and the shape of the <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">fiber</a> is related to how straight or curly the hair is. People with straight hair have round hair fibers. Oval and other shaped fibers are generally more wavy or curly. The cuticle is the outer covering. Its complex structure slides as the hair swells and is covered with a single molecular layer of <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipid</a> that makes the hair repel water.<sup id="cite_ref-Hair_Structure_and_Hair_Life_Cycle_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hair_Structure_and_Hair_Life_Cycle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diameter of human hair varies from 0.017 to 0.18 <a href="/wiki/Millimetre" title="Millimetre">millimeters</a> (0.00067 to 0.00709 in).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these characteristics in humans' head hair vary by race: people of mostly African ancestry tend to have hair with a diameter of 60–90 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9Cm" class="mw-redirect" title="Μm">μm</a> and a flat cross-section, while people of mostly European or Middle Eastern ancestry tend to have hair with a diameter of 70–100 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9Cm" class="mw-redirect" title="Μm">μm</a> and an oval cross-section, and people of mostly Asian or Native American ancestry tend to have hair with a diameter of 90–120 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9Cm" class="mw-redirect" title="Μm">μm</a> and a round cross-section.<sup id="cite_ref-bisbing_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bisbing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are roughly two million small, tubular glands and <a href="/wiki/Sweat_gland" title="Sweat gland">sweat glands</a> that produce watery fluids that cool the body by evaporation. The glands at the opening of the hair produce a fatty secretion that lubricates the hair.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hair growth begins inside the <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">hair follicle</a>. The only "living" portion of the hair is found in the follicle. The hair that is visible is the hair shaft, which exhibits no biochemical activity and is considered "dead". The base of a hair's root (the "bulb") contains the cells that produce the hair shaft.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other structures of the hair follicle include the oil producing <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">sebaceous gland</a> which lubricates the hair and the <a href="/wiki/Arrector_pili" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrector pili">arrector pili</a> muscles, which are responsible for causing hairs to stand up. In humans with little body hair, the effect results in <a href="/wiki/Goose_bumps" title="Goose bumps">goose bumps</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Root_of_the_hair">Root of the hair</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Root of the hair</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray944.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray944.png/250px-Gray944.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray944.png/375px-Gray944.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray944.png/500px-Gray944.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="511" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Section of <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>, showing the <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(skin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidermis (skin)">epidermis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">dermis</a>; a hair in its follicle; the <a href="/wiki/Arrector_pili" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrector pili">Arrector pili</a> muscle; <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebaceous glands">sebaceous glands</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>radix pili</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006197">D006197</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/16.0.00.014%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A16.0.00.014</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=7053">7053</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" title="Terminologia Histologica">TH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/PDF/TH%20Chapter%20H3.12.pdf">H3.12.00.3.02001 </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma53667">53667</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28472" class="extiw" title="d:Q28472">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>root of the hair</i> ends in an enlargement, the <i>hair bulb</i>, which is whiter in color and softer in texture than the shaft and is lodged in a follicular involution of the <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(skin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidermis (skin)">epidermis</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">hair follicle</a>. The bulb of hair consists of fibrous connective tissue, glassy membrane, external root sheath, internal root sheath composed of epithelium stratum (<a href="/wiki/Henle%27s_layer" title="Henle's layer">Henle's layer</a>) and granular stratum (<a href="/wiki/Huxley%27s_layer" title="Huxley's layer">Huxley's layer</a>), cuticle, cortex and medulla.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_color">Natural color</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_hair_color" title="Human hair color">Human hair color</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hair_Autofluorescence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hair_Autofluorescence.jpg/220px-Hair_Autofluorescence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hair_Autofluorescence.jpg/330px-Hair_Autofluorescence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hair_Autofluorescence.jpg/440px-Hair_Autofluorescence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Human hair contains melanin which provides dark coloration and protection from UV radiation. Human hair can absorb and emit light across a wide range of wavelengths. The image above depicts melanin autofluorescence at 365-400 nm excitation from a strand of dark brown human hair.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brown_hair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Brown_hair.jpg/220px-Brown_hair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Brown_hair.jpg/330px-Brown_hair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Brown_hair.jpg/440px-Brown_hair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A woman with dark blonde hair. The basal color appears brown due to higher levels of brownish eumelanin.</figcaption></figure> <p>All natural hair colors are the result of two types of hair pigments. Both of these pigments are melanin types, produced inside the hair follicle and packed into granules found in the fibers. <a href="/wiki/Eumelanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumelanin">Eumelanin</a> is the dominant pigment in <a href="/wiki/Brown_hair" title="Brown hair">brown hair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_hair" title="Black hair">black hair</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Pheomelanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pheomelanin">pheomelanin</a> is dominant in <a href="/wiki/Red_hair" title="Red hair">red hair</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blond_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Blond hair">Blond hair</a> is the result of having little <a href="/wiki/Pigmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigmentation">pigmentation</a> in the hair strand. <a href="/wiki/Gray_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray hair">Gray hair</a> occurs when melanin production decreases or stops, while <a href="/wiki/Poliosis" title="Poliosis">poliosis</a> is white hair (and often the skin to which the hair is attached), typically in spots that never possessed melanin at all, or ceased for natural reasons, generally genetic, in the first years of life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_hair_growth">Human hair growth</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_hair_growth" title="Human hair growth">Human hair growth</a></div> <p>Hair grows everywhere on the external body except for <a href="/wiki/Mucous_membranes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucous membranes">mucous membranes</a> and glabrous skin, such as that found on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and lips. </p><p>The body has different types of hair, including <a href="/wiki/Vellus_hair" title="Vellus hair">vellus hair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Androgenic_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgenic hair">androgenic hair</a>, each with its own type of cellular construction. The different construction gives the hair unique characteristics, serving specific purposes, mainly, warmth and protection. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv/220px--Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="27" data-mwtitle="Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1024" data-height="768" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv/Hair-follicle_cycling.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Hair-follicle cycling</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blond_long-haired_young_lady_woman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blond_long-haired_young_lady_woman.jpg/220px-Blond_long-haired_young_lady_woman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blond_long-haired_young_lady_woman.jpg/330px-Blond_long-haired_young_lady_woman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blond_long-haired_young_lady_woman.jpg/440px-Blond_long-haired_young_lady_woman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3151" data-file-height="2101" /></a><figcaption>Hair grows at different speeds and different lengths. Its composition causes different colors and textures, which influence how long the hair strands grow.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marianne_Ernst,_Long_hair_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Marianne_Ernst%2C_Long_hair_model.jpg/220px-Marianne_Ernst%2C_Long_hair_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Marianne_Ernst%2C_Long_hair_model.jpg/330px-Marianne_Ernst%2C_Long_hair_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Marianne_Ernst%2C_Long_hair_model.jpg/440px-Marianne_Ernst%2C_Long_hair_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2531" data-file-height="4539" /></a><figcaption>Marianne Ernst, a German "Long hair model".</figcaption></figure> <p>The three stages of hair growth are the <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle#Hair-follicle_cycling" title="Hair follicle">anagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle#Hair-follicle_cycling" title="Hair follicle">catagen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle#Hair-follicle_cycling" title="Hair follicle">telogen</a> phases. Each strand of hair on the human body is at its own stage of development. Once the cycle is complete, it restarts and a new strand of hair begins to form. The growth rate of hair varies from individual to individual depending on their age, genetic predisposition and a number of environmental factors.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly stated that hair grows about 1 cm per month on average; however reality is more complex, since not all hair grows at once. Scalp hair was reported to grow between 0.6 cm and 3.36 cm per month. The growth rate of scalp hair somewhat depends on age (hair tends to grow more slowly with age), sex, and ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-Harkey_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harkey-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thicker hair (>60 μm) grows generally faster (11.4 mm per month) than thinner (20-30 μm) hair (7.6 mm per month).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was previously thought that Caucasian hair grew more quickly than Asian hair and that the growth rate of women's hair was faster than that of men.<sup id="cite_ref-Harkey_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harkey-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, more recent research has shown that the growth rate of hair in men and women does not significantly differ<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the hair of Chinese people grew more quickly than the hair of French Caucasians and West and Central Africans.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quantity of hair hovers in a certain range depending on hair colour.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An average <a href="/wiki/Blonde" class="mw-redirect" title="Blonde">blonde</a> person has 150,000 hairs, a <a href="/wiki/Brown_hair" title="Brown hair">brown-haired</a> person has 110,000, a <a href="/wiki/Black_hair" title="Black hair">black-haired</a> person has 100,000, and a <a href="/wiki/Redhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Redhead">redhead</a> has 90,000.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hair growth stops after a human's death. Visible growth of hair on the dead body happens only because of skin drying out due to water loss.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TCP_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCP-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The world record for longest hair on a living person stands with Smita Srivastava of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh, India</a>. At 7 feet and 9 inches long, she broke a <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Record</a> in November 2023, having grown her hair for 32 years.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texture">Texture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Afro_-_hair_type_4c-_model_Gwyneth_Ellis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Natural_Afro_-_hair_type_4c-_model_Gwyneth_Ellis.jpg/220px-Natural_Afro_-_hair_type_4c-_model_Gwyneth_Ellis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Natural_Afro_-_hair_type_4c-_model_Gwyneth_Ellis.jpg/330px-Natural_Afro_-_hair_type_4c-_model_Gwyneth_Ellis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Natural_Afro_-_hair_type_4c-_model_Gwyneth_Ellis.jpg/440px-Natural_Afro_-_hair_type_4c-_model_Gwyneth_Ellis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption>Hair type 4c</figcaption></figure> <p>Hair exists in a variety of textures. Three main aspects of hair texture are the curl pattern, volume, and consistency. All mammalian hair is composed of <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a>, so the make-up of <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair follicles">hair follicles</a> is not the source of varying hair patterns. There are a range of theories pertaining to the curl patterns of hair. Scientists have come to believe that the shape of the <a href="/wiki/Hair_shaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair shaft">hair shaft</a> has an effect on the curliness of the individual's hair. A very round shaft allows for fewer <a href="/wiki/Disulfide_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Disulfide bonds">disulfide bonds</a> to be present in the hair strand. This means the bonds present are directly in line with one another, resulting in straight hair.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_genomics_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_genomics-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlsbaby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curlsbaby.jpg/220px-Curlsbaby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curlsbaby.jpg/330px-Curlsbaby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curlsbaby.jpg/440px-Curlsbaby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>Toddler with curly hair</figcaption></figure> <p>The flatter the hair shaft becomes, the curlier hair gets, because the shape allows more <a href="/wiki/Cysteine" title="Cysteine">cysteines</a> to become compacted together resulting in a bent shape that, with every additional disulfide bond, becomes curlier in form.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_genomics_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_genomics-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the hair follicle shape determines curl pattern, the hair follicle size determines thickness. While the circumference of the hair follicle expands, so does the thickness of the hair follicle. An individual's hair volume, as a result, can be thin, normal, or thick. The consistency of hair can almost always be grouped into three categories: fine, medium, and coarse. This trait is determined by the hair follicle volume and the condition of the strand.<sup id="cite_ref-hairdressing.ac.uk_153_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hairdressing.ac.uk_153-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fine hair has the smallest circumference, coarse hair has the largest circumference, and medium hair is anywhere between the other two.<sup id="cite_ref-hairdressing.ac.uk_153_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hairdressing.ac.uk_153-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coarse hair has a more open cuticle than thin or medium hair causing it to be the most porous.<sup id="cite_ref-hairdressing.ac.uk_153_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hairdressing.ac.uk_153-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classification_systems"><span class="anchor" id="classification"></span>Classification systems</h4></div> <p>There are various systems that people use to classify their curl patterns. Being knowledgeable of an individual's hair type is a good start to knowing how to take care of one's hair. There is not just one method to discovering one's hair type. Additionally it is possible, and quite normal to have more than one kind of hair type, for instance having a mixture of both type 3a & 3b curls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Andre_Walker_system">Andre Walker system</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System" title="Andre Walker Hair Typing System">Andre Walker Hair Typing System</a></div> <p>The Andre Walker Hair Typing System is the most widely used system to classify hair. The system was created by <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>'s hairstylist, <a href="/wiki/Andre_Walker" title="Andre Walker">Andre Walker</a>. According to this system there are four types of hair: straight, wavy, curly, kinky. </p> <ul><li>Type 1 is <b>straight hair</b>, which reflects the most sheen and also the most resilient hair of all of the hair types. It is hard to damage and immensely difficult to curl this hair texture. Because the <a href="/wiki/Sebum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebum">sebum</a> easily spreads from the scalp to the ends without curls or kinks to interrupt its path, it is the most oily hair texture of all.</li> <li>Type 2 is <b>wavy hair</b>, whose texture and sheen ranges somewhere between straight and curly hair. Wavy hair is also more likely to become <a href="/wiki/Frizz" title="Frizz">frizzy</a> than straight hair. While type A waves can easily alternate between straight and curly styles, type B and C wavy hair is resistant to styling.</li> <li>Type 3 is <a href="/wiki/Curly_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly hair">curly hair</a> known to have an S-shape. The curl pattern may resemble a lowercase "s", uppercase "S", or sometimes an uppercase "Z" or lowercase "z".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This is suspect (or confusing) because the uppercase "S" has the same shape as the lowercase variety (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lack of proper care causes less defined curls.</li> <li>Type 4 is <a href="/wiki/Kinky_hair" title="Kinky hair">kinky hair</a>, which features a tightly coiled curl pattern (or no discernible curl pattern at all) that is often fragile with a very high density. This type of hair shrinks when wet and because it has fewer <a href="/wiki/Cuticle" title="Cuticle">cuticle</a> layers than other hair types it is more susceptible to damage.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 2.0em;"> <caption style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0.2em;">Andre Walker hair types </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Type 1: Straight </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3.0em;">1a </th> <td>Straight (Fine/Thin)  </td> <td>Hair tends to be very soft, thin, shiny, oily, poor at holding curls, difficult to damage. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1b </th> <td>Straight (Medium) </td> <td>Hair characterized by volume and body. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1c </th> <td>Straight (Coarse) </td> <td>Hair tends to be bone-straight, coarse, difficult to curl. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Type 2: Wavy </th></tr> <tr> <th>2a </th> <td>Wavy (Fine/Thin) </td> <td>Hair has definite "S" pattern, can easily be straightened or curled, usually receptive to a variety of styles. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2b </th> <td>Wavy (Medium) </td> <td>Can tend to be frizzy and a little resistant to styling. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2c </th> <td>Wavy (Coarse) </td> <td>Fairly coarse, frizzy or very frizzy with thicker waves, often more resistant to styling. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Type 3: Curly </th></tr> <tr> <th>3a </th> <td>Curly (Loose) </td> <td>Presents a definite "S" pattern, tends to combine thickness, volume, and/or frizziness. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3b </th> <td>Curly (Tight) </td> <td>Presents a definite "S" pattern, curls ranging from spirals to spiral-shaped corkscrew </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Type 4: Kinky </th></tr> <tr> <th>4a </th> <td>Kinky (Soft) </td> <td>Hair tends to be very wiry and fragile, tightly coiled and can feature curly patterning. </td></tr> <tr> <th>4b </th> <td>Kinky (Wiry) </td> <td>As 4a but with less defined pattern of curls, looks more like a "Z" with sharp angles </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="FIA_system">FIA system</h5></div> <p>This is a method which classifies the hair by curl pattern, hair-strand thickness and overall hair volume. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;"> <caption style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0.2em;">FIA hair classification </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="font-size:110%;"> <p>Curliness </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><i><b>Straight</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3.0em;">1a </th> <td colspan="2">Stick-straight. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1b </th> <td colspan="2">Straight but with a slight body wave adding some volume. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1c </th> <td colspan="2">Straight with body wave and one or two visible S-waves (e.g. at nape of neck or temples). </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><i><b>Wavy</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2a </th> <td colspan="2">Loose with stretched S-waves throughout. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2b </th> <td colspan="2">Shorter with more distinct S-waves (resembling e.g. braided damp hair). </td></tr> <tr> <th>2c </th> <td colspan="2">Distinct S-waves, some spiral curling. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><i><b>Curly</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3a </th> <td colspan="2">Big, loose spiral curls. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3b </th> <td colspan="2">Bouncy ringlets. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3c </th> <td colspan="2">Tight corkscrews. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><i><b>Very</b> ("Really") <b>curly</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4a </th> <td colspan="2">Tightly coiled S-curls. </td></tr> <tr> <th>4b </th> <td colspan="2">Z-patterned (tightly coiled, sharply angled) </td></tr> <tr> <th>4c </th> <td colspan="2">Mostly Z-patterned (tightly kinked, less definition) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="font-size:110%;"> <p>Strands </p> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>F </th> <td colspan="2">Fine <p>Thin strands that sometimes are almost translucent when held up to the light. <br />Shed strands can be hard to see even against a contrasting background. <br />Fine hair is difficult to feel or it feels like an ultra-fine strand of silk. </p> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>M </th> <td colspan="2">Medium <p>Strands are neither fine nor coarse. <br />Medium hair feels like a cotton thread, but is not stiff or rough. <br />It is neither fine nor coarse. </p> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>C </th> <td colspan="2">Coarse <p>Thick strands whose shed strands usually are easily identified. <br />Coarse hair feels hard and wiry. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="font-size:110%;">Volume<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">by circumference of full-hair ponytail</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>i </th> <td>Thin</td> <td>Circumference less than 2 inches (5 centimetres) </td></tr> <tr> <th>ii </th> <td>Normal</td> <td>... from 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 centimetres) </td></tr> <tr> <th>iii </th> <td>Thick</td> <td>... more than 4 inches (10 centimetres) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2></div> <p>Hair is mainly composed of <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> proteins and <a href="/wiki/Keratin-associated_protein" title="Keratin-associated protein">keratin-associated proteins</a> (KRTAPs). The <a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">human genome</a> encodes 54 different keratin proteins which are present in various amounts in hair. Similarly, humans encode more than 100 different KRTAPs which crosslink keratins in hair. The content of KRTAPs ranges from less than 3% in human hair to 30–40% in <a href="/wiki/Echidna" title="Echidna">echidna</a> quill.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2></div> <p>Many mammals have <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> and other hairs that serve different functions. Hair provides thermal regulation and <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a> for many animals; for others it provides signals to other animals such as warnings, mating, or other communicative displays; and for some animals hair provides defensive functions and, rarely, even offensive protection. Hair also has a sensory function, extending the sense of touch beyond the surface of the skin. Guard hairs give warnings that may trigger a recoiling reaction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warmth">Warmth</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursus_maritimus_Steve_Amstrup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ursus_maritimus_Steve_Amstrup.jpg/220px-Ursus_maritimus_Steve_Amstrup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ursus_maritimus_Steve_Amstrup.jpg/330px-Ursus_maritimus_Steve_Amstrup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ursus_maritimus_Steve_Amstrup.jpg/440px-Ursus_maritimus_Steve_Amstrup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Polar bears use their fur for warmth and while their skin is black, their transparent fur appears white and provides camouflage while hunting and serves as protection by hiding cubs in the snow.</figcaption></figure> <p>While humans have developed clothing and other means of keeping warm, the hair found on the head serves primarily as a source of heat <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">insulation</a> and cooling (when sweat evaporates from soaked hair) as well as protection from ultra-violet radiation exposure. The function of hair in other locations is debated. Hats and coats are still required while doing outdoor activities in cold weather to prevent <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">hypothermia</a>, but the hair on the human body does help to keep the internal temperature regulated. When the body is too cold, the <a href="/wiki/Arrector_pili" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrector pili">arrector pili</a> muscles found attached to hair follicles stand up, causing the hair in these follicles to do the same. These hairs then form a heat-trapping layer above the <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(zoology)" title="Epidermis (zoology)">epidermis</a>. This process is formally called <a href="/wiki/Piloerection" class="mw-redirect" title="Piloerection">piloerection</a>, derived from the Latin words 'pilus' ('hair') and 'erectio' ('rising up'), but is more commonly known as 'having <a href="/wiki/Goose_bumps" title="Goose bumps">goose bumps</a>' in English.<sup id="cite_ref-Why_Do_Humans_Get_goosebumps_When_They_Are_Cold,_or_under_Other_Circumstances?:_Scientific_American._29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Why_Do_Humans_Get_goosebumps_When_They_Are_Cold,_or_under_Other_Circumstances?:_Scientific_American.-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is more effective in other mammals whose fur fluffs up to create air pockets between hairs that insulate the body from the cold. The opposite actions occur when the body is too warm; the arrector muscles make the hair lie flat on the skin which allows heat to leave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection">Protection</h3></div> <p>In some mammals, such as <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupines</a>, the hairs have been modified into hard spines or quills. These are covered with thick plates of keratin and serve as protection against predators. Thick hair such as that of the lion's mane and grizzly bear's fur do offer some protection from physical damages such as bites and scratches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Touch_sense">Touch sense</h3></div> <p>Displacement and vibration of hair shafts are detected by hair follicle nerve receptors and nerve receptors within the skin. Hairs can sense movements of air as well as touch by physical objects and they provide sensory awareness of the presence of <a href="/wiki/Ectoparasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Ectoparasites">ectoparasites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some hairs, such as <a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">eyelashes</a>, are especially sensitive to the presence of potentially harmful matter.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremy_Cadot%27s_eyebrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jeremy_Cadot%27s_eyebrow.jpg/220px-Jeremy_Cadot%27s_eyebrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jeremy_Cadot%27s_eyebrow.jpg/330px-Jeremy_Cadot%27s_eyebrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jeremy_Cadot%27s_eyebrow.jpg/440px-Jeremy_Cadot%27s_eyebrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Eyebrows prevent sweat, water, and other debris from above from falling down into the eye.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Closed_human_eye,_superior_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Closed_human_eye%2C_superior_view.jpg/220px-Closed_human_eye%2C_superior_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Closed_human_eye%2C_superior_view.jpg/330px-Closed_human_eye%2C_superior_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Closed_human_eye%2C_superior_view.jpg/440px-Closed_human_eye%2C_superior_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>Eyelashes are hairs on the edges of the eyelids that catch dust and dirt when the eye is blinked.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eyebrows_and_eyelashes">Eyebrows and eyelashes</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">eyebrows</a> provide moderate protection to the <a href="/wiki/Eye" title="Eye">eyes</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dirt" title="Dirt">dirt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweat">sweat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a>. They also play a key role in non-verbal <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a> by displaying emotions such as sadness, anger, surprise and excitement. In many other mammals, they contain much longer, whisker-like hairs that act as tactile sensors. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">eyelash</a> grows at the edges of the eyelid and protects the eye from dirt. The eyelash is to humans, camels, horses, ostriches etc., what <a href="/wiki/Whiskers" title="Whiskers">whiskers</a> are to <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>; they are used to sense when dirt, <a href="/wiki/Dust" title="Dust">dust</a>, or any other potentially harmful object is too close to the eye.<sup id="cite_ref-Thumbprints_-_The_Human_Eyelash._35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thumbprints_-_The_Human_Eyelash.-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eye reflexively closes as a result of this <a href="/wiki/Sensation_(psychology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensation (psychology)">sensation</a>. </p><p>Eyebrows and eyelashes do not grow beyond a certain length (eyelashes are rarely more than 10 mm long). However, <a href="/wiki/Trichomegaly" title="Trichomegaly">trichomegaly</a> can cause the lashes to grow remarkably long and prominent (in some cases the upper lashes grow to 15 mm long). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2></div> <p>Hair has its origins in the common ancestor of mammals, the <a href="/wiki/Synapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsid">synapsids</a>, about 300 million years ago. It is currently unknown at what stage the synapsids acquired mammalian characteristics such as <a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">body hair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">mammary glands</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> only rarely provide direct evidence for soft tissues. Skin impression of the belly and lower tail of a <a href="/wiki/Pelycosaur" title="Pelycosaur">pelycosaur</a>, possibly <i><a href="/wiki/Haptodus" title="Haptodus">Haptodus</a></i> shows the basal synapsid stock bore transverse rows of rectangular <a href="/wiki/Scute" title="Scute">scutes</a>, similar to those of a modern <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodile</a>, so the age of acquirement of hair logically could not have been earlier than ≈299 ma, based on the current understanding of the animal's phylogeny.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exceptionally well-preserved skull of <i><a href="/wiki/Estemmenosuchus" title="Estemmenosuchus">Estemmenosuchus</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Therapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapsid">therapsid</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Permian">Upper Permian</a>, shows smooth, hairless skin with what appears to be glandular depressions,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though as a semi-aquatic species it might not have been particularly useful to determine the integument of terrestrial species. The oldest undisputed known fossils showing unambiguous imprints of hair are the <a href="/wiki/Callovian" title="Callovian">Callovian</a> (late middle <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>) <i><a href="/wiki/Castorocauda" title="Castorocauda">Castorocauda</a></i> and several contemporary <a href="/wiki/Haramiyida" title="Haramiyida">haramiyidans</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Mammaliformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammaliformes">near-mammal</a> <a href="/wiki/Cynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynodont">cynodonts</a>, giving the age as no later than ≈220 ma based on the modern phylogenetic understanding of these clades.<sup id="cite_ref-JiLuoYuanTabrumCastorocauda_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JiLuoYuanTabrumCastorocauda-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, studies on terminal <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Coprolites" class="mw-redirect" title="Coprolites">coprolites</a> may suggest that non-mammalian synapsids from that era had fur.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this is the case, these are the oldest hair remnants known, showcasing that fur occurred as far back as the latest <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a>. </p><p>Some modern mammals have a special gland in front of each <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">orbit</a> used to preen the fur, called the <a href="/wiki/Harderian_gland" title="Harderian gland">harderian gland</a>. Imprints of this structure are found in the skull of the small early mammals like <i><a href="/wiki/Morganucodon" title="Morganucodon">Morganucodon</a></i>, but not in their <a href="/wiki/Cynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynodont">cynodont</a> ancestors like <i><a href="/wiki/Thrinaxodon" title="Thrinaxodon">Thrinaxodon</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hairs of the fur in modern animals are all connected to nerves, and so the fur also serves as a transmitter for sensory input. Fur could have evolved from sensory hair (whiskers). The signals from this sensory apparatus is interpreted in the <a href="/wiki/Neocortex" title="Neocortex">neocortex</a>, a section of the brain that expanded markedly in animals like <i>Morganucodon</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hadrocodium" title="Hadrocodium">Hadrocodium</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more advanced therapsids could have had a combination of naked skin, <a href="/wiki/Whisker" class="mw-redirect" title="Whisker">whiskers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scute" title="Scute">scutes</a>. A full <a href="/wiki/Pelage" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelage">pelage</a> likely did not evolve until the therapsid-mammal transition.<sup id="cite_ref-Fur_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fur-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more advanced, smaller therapsids could have had a combination of hair and scutes, a combination still found in some modern mammals, such as <a href="/wiki/Rodents" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodents">rodents</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The high interspecific variability of the size, color, and microstructure of hair often enables the identification of species based on single hair filaments.<sup id="cite_ref-Teerink2003_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teerink2003-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TothM_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TothM-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nacktmull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nacktmull.jpg/220px-Nacktmull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nacktmull.jpg/330px-Nacktmull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nacktmull.jpg/440px-Nacktmull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naked_mole-rat" title="Naked mole-rat">Naked mole-rat</a> (<i>Heterocephalus glaber</i>) in a zoo.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Glabrous"></span><span class="anchor" id="Glabrousness"></span> </p><p>In varying degrees most <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> have some skin areas without natural hair. On the human body, glabrous <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> is found on the <a href="/wiki/Ventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral">ventral</a> portion of the <a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">fingers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">palms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">soles of feet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lips" class="mw-redirect" title="Lips">lips</a>, which are all parts of the body most closely associated with interacting with the world around us,<sup id="cite_ref-Scholarpedia_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholarpedia-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as are the <a href="/wiki/Labia_minora" title="Labia minora">labia minora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glans_penis" title="Glans penis">glans penis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four main types of <a href="/wiki/Mechanoreceptor" title="Mechanoreceptor">mechanoreceptors</a> in the glabrous skin of humans: <a href="/wiki/Lamellar_corpuscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellar corpuscle">Pacinian corpuscles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tactile_corpuscle" title="Tactile corpuscle">Meissner's corpuscles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merkel_nerve_ending" title="Merkel nerve ending">Merkel's discs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bulbous_corpuscle" title="Bulbous corpuscle">Ruffini corpuscles</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Naked_mole-rat" title="Naked mole-rat">naked mole-rat</a> (<i>Heterocephalus glaber</i>) has evolved skin lacking in general, pelagic hair covering, yet has retained long, very sparsely scattered tactile hairs over its body.<sup id="cite_ref-Scholarpedia_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholarpedia-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glabrousness is a trait that may be associated with <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neoteny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulpes_vulpes_sitting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vulpes_vulpes_sitting.jpg/220px-Vulpes_vulpes_sitting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vulpes_vulpes_sitting.jpg/330px-Vulpes_vulpes_sitting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vulpes_vulpes_sitting.jpg/440px-Vulpes_vulpes_sitting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>The soft, fine hair found on many nonhuman mammals is typically called fur.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_hairlessness">Human hairlessness</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_nakedness_and_clothing#Evolution_of_hairlessness" title="Prehistory of nakedness and clothing">Prehistory of nakedness and clothing § Evolution of hairlessness</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolutionary_variation">Evolutionary variation</h3></div> <p>Primates are relatively hairless compared to other mammals, and <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> such as chimpanzees, have less dense hair than would be expected given their body size for a primate.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandel_2013_pp._145–150_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandel_2013_pp._145–150-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evolutionary biologists suggest that the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> arose in <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> approximately 2 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Herries_Martin_Leece_Adams_2020_p._52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herries_Martin_Leece_Adams_2020_p.-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of this evolution was the development of <a href="/wiki/Endurance_running_hypothesis" title="Endurance running hypothesis">endurance running</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ruxton_Wilkinson_2011_pp._169–175_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruxton_Wilkinson_2011_pp._169–175-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and venturing out during the hot times of the day<sup id="cite_ref-Ruxton_Wilkinson_2011_pp._20965–20969_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruxton_Wilkinson_2011_pp._20965–20969-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that required efficient thermoregulation through <a href="/wiki/Perspiration" title="Perspiration">perspiration</a>. The loss of heat through <a href="/wiki/Heat_of_evaporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat of evaporation">heat of evaporation</a> by means of <a href="/wiki/Sweat_gland" title="Sweat gland">sweat glands</a> is aided by air currents next to the skin surface, which are facilitated by the loss of body hair.<sup id="cite_ref-Jablonski06_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jablonski06-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another factor in human evolution that also occurred in the prehistoric past was a preferential selection for <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neoteny</a>, particularly in females. The idea that adult humans exhibit certain neotenous (juvenile) features, not evinced in the other great apes, is about a century old. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bolk" title="Louis Bolk">Louis Bolk</a> made a long list of such traits,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> published a short list in <i><a href="/wiki/Ontogeny_and_Phylogeny_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontogeny and Phylogeny (book)">Ontogeny and Phylogeny</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Paedomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paedomorphic">paedomorphic</a> characteristics in women are often <a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness#Determinants_of_female_physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">acknowledged as desirable by men</a> in developed countries.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, <a href="/wiki/Vellus_hair" title="Vellus hair">vellus hair</a> is a juvenile characteristic. However, while men develop longer, coarser, thicker, and darker <a href="/wiki/Terminal_hair" title="Terminal hair">terminal hair</a> through <a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">sexual differentiation</a>, women do not, leaving their vellus hair visible. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics" title="Human evolutionary genetics">Human evolutionary genetics</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texture_2">Texture</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Curly_hair"><span id="curly"></span>Curly hair</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_curly_hair_and_scalp_from_body_which_had_long_black_wig_over_hair._Parts_of_wig_plait_remains._From_Egypt,_Gurob,_probably_tomb_23._18th-19th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yellow_curly_hair_and_scalp_from_body_which_had_long_black_wig_over_hair._Parts_of_wig_plait_remains._From_Egypt%2C_Gurob%2C_probably_tomb_23._18th-19th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yellow_curly_hair_and_scalp_from_body_which_had_long_black_wig_over_hair._Parts_of_wig_plait_remains._From_Egypt%2C_Gurob%2C_probably_tomb_23._18th-19th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yellow_curly_hair_and_scalp_from_body_which_had_long_black_wig_over_hair._Parts_of_wig_plait_remains._From_Egypt%2C_Gurob%2C_probably_tomb_23._18th-19th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5133" data-file-height="3835" /></a><figcaption>Yellow curly hair and scalp from body which had long black wig over hair. Parts of wig plait remains. From Egypt, Gurob, probably tomb 23. 18th–19th Dynasty. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Luiz_ConfedCup2013Champions17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/David_Luiz_ConfedCup2013Champions17.jpg/220px-David_Luiz_ConfedCup2013Champions17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/David_Luiz_ConfedCup2013Champions17.jpg/330px-David_Luiz_ConfedCup2013Champions17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/David_Luiz_ConfedCup2013Champions17.jpg/440px-David_Luiz_ConfedCup2013Champions17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption>Man with curly hair (<a href="/wiki/David_Luiz" title="David Luiz">David Luiz</a>, Brazilian footballer)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PSM_V52_D323_Global_hair_texture_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/PSM_V52_D323_Global_hair_texture_map.png/220px-PSM_V52_D323_Global_hair_texture_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/PSM_V52_D323_Global_hair_texture_map.png/330px-PSM_V52_D323_Global_hair_texture_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/PSM_V52_D323_Global_hair_texture_map.png/440px-PSM_V52_D323_Global_hair_texture_map.png 2x" data-file-width="3087" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>Global hair texture map</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hair" title="Special:EditPage/Hair">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Jablonski<sup id="cite_ref-Jablonski06_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jablonski06-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserts head hair was evolutionarily advantageous for pre-humans to retain because it protected the scalp as they walked upright in the intense African (equatorial) <a href="/wiki/UV_light" class="mw-redirect" title="UV light">UV light</a>. While some might argue that, by this logic, humans should also express hairy shoulders because these body parts would putatively be exposed to similar conditions, the protection of the head, the seat of the brain that enabled humanity to become one of the most successful species on the planet (and which also is very vulnerable at birth) was arguably a more urgent issue (axillary hair in the underarms and groin were also retained as signs of sexual maturity). Sometime during the gradual process by which <i>Homo erectus</i> began a transition from furry skin to the naked skin expressed by <i>Homo sapiens</i>, hair texture putatively gradually changed from straight hair<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (the condition of most mammals, including humanity's closest cousins—chimpanzees) to <a href="/wiki/Afro-textured_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-textured hair">Afro-textured hair</a> or 'kinky' (i.e. tightly coiled). This argument assumes that curly hair better impedes the passage of UV light into the body relative to straight hair (thus curly or coiled hair would be particularly advantageous for light-skinned hominids living at the equator). </p><p>It is substantiated by Iyengar's findings (1998) that UV light can enter into straight human hair roots (and thus into the body through the skin) via the hair shaft. Specifically, the results of that study suggest that this phenomenon resembles the passage of light through fiber optic tubes (which do not function as effectively when kinked or sharply curved or coiled). In this sense, when hominids (i.e. <i>Homo erectus</i>) were gradually losing their straight body hair and thereby exposing the initially pale skin underneath their fur to the sun, straight hair would have been an adaptive liability. By inverse logic, later, as humans traveled farther from Africa and/or the equator, straight hair may have (initially) evolved to aid the entry of UV light into the body during the transition from dark, UV-protected skin to paler skin. </p><p>Jablonski's assertions<sup id="cite_ref-Jablonski06_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jablonski06-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggest that the adjective "woolly" in reference to Afro-hair is a <a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">misnomer</a> in connoting the high heat insulation derivable from the true wool of sheep. Instead, the relatively sparse density of Afro-hair, combined with its springy coils actually results in an airy, almost sponge-like structure that in turn, Jablonski argues,<sup id="cite_ref-Jablonski06_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jablonski06-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more likely facilitates an increase in the circulation of cool air onto the scalp. Further, wet Afro-hair does not stick to the neck and scalp unless totally drenched and instead tends to retain its basic springy puffiness because it less easily responds to moisture and sweat than straight hair does. In this sense, the trait may enhance comfort levels in intense equatorial climates more than straight hair (which, on the other hand, tends to naturally fall over the ears and neck to a degree that provides slightly enhanced comfort levels in cold climates relative to tightly coiled hair). </p><p>Further, it is notable that the most pervasive expression of this hair texture can be found in sub-Saharan Africa; a region of the world that abundant genetic and paleo-anthropological evidence suggests, was the relatively recent (≈200,000-year-old) point of origin for modern humanity. In fact, although genetic findings (Tishkoff, 2009) suggest that sub-Saharan Africans are the most genetically diverse continental group on Earth, <a href="/wiki/Afro-textured_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-textured hair">Afro-textured hair</a> approaches ubiquity in this region. This points to a strong, long-term selective pressure that, in stark contrast to most other regions of the genomes of sub-Saharan groups, left little room for genetic variation at the determining loci. Such a pattern, again, does not seem to support human sexual aesthetics as being the sole or primary cause of this distribution. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackhair10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Blackhair10.jpg/220px-Blackhair10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Blackhair10.jpg/330px-Blackhair10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Blackhair10.jpg/440px-Blackhair10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Straight black hair</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_EDAR_locus">The EDAR locus</h4></div> <p>A group of studies have recently shown that genetic patterns at the EDAR locus, a region of the modern human genome that contributes to hair texture variation among most individuals of East Asian descent, support the hypothesis that (East Asian) straight hair likely developed in this branch of the modern human lineage subsequent to the original expression of tightly coiled <a href="/wiki/Natural_afro-hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural afro-hair">natural afro-hair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, the relevant findings indicate that the EDAR mutation coding for the predominant East Asian 'coarse' or thick, straight hair texture arose within the past ≈65,000 years, which is a time frame that covers from the earliest of the 'Out of Africa' migrations up to now. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disease">Disease</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hair_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair diseases">Hair diseases</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tinea_corporis" title="Tinea corporis">Ringworm</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Mycosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycosis">fungal disease</a> that targets hairy skin.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Premature_greying_of_hair" title="Premature greying of hair">Premature greying of hair</a> is another condition that results in greying before the age of 20 years in Europeans, before 25 years in Asians, and before 30 years in Africans.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hair_care">Hair care</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hair_care" title="Hair care">Hair care</a></div> <p>Hair care involves the <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmetology" title="Cosmetology">cosmetology</a> of hair including hair on the <a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">scalp</a>, facial hair (<a href="/wiki/Beard" title="Beard">beard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moustache" title="Moustache">moustache</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">pubic hair</a> and other body hair. Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair. Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked, or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring, and threading. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_practices">Removal practices</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Depilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Depilation">Depilation</a> is the removal of hair from the surface of the skin. This can be achieved through methods such as <a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">shaving</a>. <a href="/wiki/Epilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Epilation">Epilation</a> is the removal of the entire hair strand, including the part of the hair that has not yet left the follicle. A popular way to epilate hair is through <a href="/wiki/Waxing" title="Waxing">waxing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shaving">Shaving</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">Shaving</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaving-system-2blade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shaving-system-2blade.jpg/220px-Shaving-system-2blade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shaving-system-2blade.jpg/330px-Shaving-system-2blade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shaving-system-2blade.jpg/440px-Shaving-system-2blade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Many razors have multiple blades purportedly to ensure a close shave. While shaving initially will leave skin feeling smooth and hair free, new hair growth can appear a few hours after hair removal.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">Shaving</a> is accomplished with bladed instruments, such as <a href="/wiki/Razors" class="mw-redirect" title="Razors">razors</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">blade</a> is brought close to the skin and stroked over the hair in the desired area to cut the terminal hairs and leave the skin feeling smooth. Depending upon the rate of growth, one can begin to feel the hair growing back within hours of shaving. This is especially evident in men who develop a <a href="/wiki/Five_o%27clock_shadow" class="mw-redirect" title="Five o'clock shadow">five o'clock shadow</a> after having shaved their faces. This new growth is called <a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">stubble</a>. Stubble typically appears to grow back thicker because the shaved hairs are blunted instead of tapered off at the end, although the hair never actually grows back thicker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waxing">Waxing</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Waxing" title="Waxing">Waxing</a> involves using a sticky wax and strip of paper or cloth to pull hair from the root. Waxing is the ideal hair removal technique to keep an area hair-free for long periods of time. It can take three to five weeks for waxed hair to begin to resurface again. Hair in areas that have been waxed consistently is known to grow back finer and thinner, especially compared to hair that has been shaved with a razor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Laser_removal">Laser removal</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Laser_hair_removal" title="Laser hair removal">Laser hair removal</a></div> <p>Laser hair removal is a cosmetic method where a small <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> beam pulses selective heat on dark target matter in the area that causes hair growth without harming the skin tissue. This process is repeated several times over the course of many months to a couple of years with hair regrowing less frequently until it finally stops; this is used as a more permanent solution to <a href="/wiki/Waxing" title="Waxing">waxing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">shaving</a>. Laser removal is practiced in many clinics along with many at-home products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cutting_and_trimming">Cutting and trimming</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ponytail" title="Ponytail">Ponytail</a></div> <p>Because the hair on one's head is normally longer than other types of body hair, it is cut with <a href="/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">scissors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Manual_hair_clippers" class="mw-redirect" title="Manual hair clippers">clippers</a>. People with longer hair will most often use scissors to cut their hair, whereas shorter hair is maintained using a trimmer. Depending on the desired length and overall health of the hair, periods without cutting or trimming the hair can vary. </p><p>Cut hair may be used in <a href="/wiki/Wig" title="Wig">wigs</a>. Global imports of hair in 2010 was worth $US 1.24 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_role">Social role</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">Hairstyle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alessandro_Allori_-_Portrait_of_Bianca_Cappello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Alessandro_Allori_-_Portrait_of_Bianca_Cappello.jpg/170px-Alessandro_Allori_-_Portrait_of_Bianca_Cappello.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Alessandro_Allori_-_Portrait_of_Bianca_Cappello.jpg/255px-Alessandro_Allori_-_Portrait_of_Bianca_Cappello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Alessandro_Allori_-_Portrait_of_Bianca_Cappello.jpg/340px-Alessandro_Allori_-_Portrait_of_Bianca_Cappello.jpg 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1145" /></a><figcaption><i>Portrait of a Woman</i> by Alessandro Allori (1535–1607) at <a href="/wiki/Uffizi_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Uffizi Gallery">Uffizi Gallery</a>. It shows a plucked hairline that gives a fashionably noble brow.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hair has great social significance for <a href="/wiki/Human_being" class="mw-redirect" title="Human being">human beings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can grow on most external areas of the <a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a>, except on the palms of the <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hands</a> and the soles of the feet (among other areas). Hair is most noticeable on most people in a small number of areas, which are also the ones that are most commonly trimmed, <a href="/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)" title="Plucking (hair removal)">plucked</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">shaved</a>. These include the <a href="/wiki/Face" title="Face">face</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">ears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">head</a>, eyebrows, <a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">legs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armpit" class="mw-redirect" title="Armpit">armpits</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Pubic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubic region">pubic region</a>. The highly visible differences between male and female body and facial hair are a notable <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristic" title="Secondary sex characteristic">secondary sex characteristic</a>. </p><p>The world's longest documented hair belongs to <a href="/wiki/Xie_Qiuping" title="Xie Qiuping">Xie Qiuping</a> (in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>), at 5.627 m (18 ft 5.54 in) when measured on 8 May 2004. She has been growing her hair since 1973, from the age of 13.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indication_of_status">Indication of status</h3></div> <p>Healthy hair indicates health and youth (important in <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">evolutionary biology</a>). Hair color and texture can be a sign of ethnic ancestry. <a href="/wiki/Facial_hair" title="Facial hair">Facial hair</a> is a sign of <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a> in men. White or gray hair is a sign of age or genetics, which may be concealed with <a href="/wiki/Hair_coloring" title="Hair coloring">hair dye</a> (not easily for some), although many prefer to assume it (especially if it is a <a href="/wiki/Poliosis" title="Poliosis">poliosis</a> characteristic of the person since childhood). <a href="/wiki/Pattern_baldness" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattern baldness">Pattern baldness</a> in men is usually seen as a sign of aging that may be concealed with a <a href="/wiki/Toupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Toupee">toupee</a>, hats, or religious and cultural adornments; however, the condition can be triggered by various hormonal factors at any age following puberty and is not uncommon in younger men. Although pattern baldness can be slowed down by drugs such as <a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">Minoxidil</a> or treated with <a href="/wiki/Hair_transplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair transplant">hair transplants</a>, many men see this as unnecessary effort for the sake of vanity and instead <a href="/wiki/Head_shaving" title="Head shaving">shave their heads</a>. In early modern China, the <a href="/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)" title="Queue (hairstyle)">queue</a> was a male hairstyle in which the hair at the front and top was shaved every 10 days in a style mimicking pattern baldness, while the remaining hair at the back was braided into a long pigtail. </p><p>A hairstyle may be an indicator of group membership. During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, followers of <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> cropped their hair close to their head in an act of defiance against the curls and ringlets of the king's men, which led to them being nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Roundheads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent isotopic analysis of hair is helping to shed further light on sociocultural interaction, giving information on food procurement and consumption in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having <a href="/wiki/Bob_cut" title="Bob cut">bobbed hair</a> was popular among the <a href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">flappers</a> in the 1920s as a sign of rebellion against traditional roles for women. Female art students known as the Cropheads also adopted the style, notably at the <a href="/wiki/Slade_School_of_Fine_Art" title="Slade School of Fine Art">Slade School</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Regional variations in <a href="/wiki/Hirsutism" title="Hirsutism">hirsutism</a> has caused practices regarding hair on the arms and legs to differ. Some religious groups may follow certain rules regarding hair as part of religious observance. The rules often differ for men and women. </p><p>Many subcultures have hairstyles which may indicate an unofficial membership. Many <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture" title="Heavy metal subculture">metalheads</a>, and Indian <a href="/wiki/Sadhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhus">sadhus</a> have long hair, as well many older <a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">hipsters</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Punk_fashion" title="Punk fashion">punks</a> wear a hairstyle known as a <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">mohawk</a> or other spiked and dyed hairstyles, while <a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">skinheads</a> have short-cropped or completely shaved heads. Long stylized bangs were very common for <a href="/wiki/Emo_(stereotype)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emo (stereotype)">emos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scene_(subculture)" title="Scene (subculture)">scene kids</a>, and younger hipsters in the 2000s and early 2010s. </p><p>Heads were shaved in <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a>, and head-shaving has been used as <a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">punishment</a>, especially for women with long hair. The shaven head is common in <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> haircuts, while Western monks are known for the <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsure</a>. By contrast, among some Indian holy men, the hair is worn extremely long.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the time of Confucius (5th century BCE), the Chinese grew out their hair and often tied it, as a symbol of filial piety. Regular hairdressing in some cultures is considered a sign of wealth or status. The <a href="/wiki/Dreadlocks" title="Dreadlocks">dreadlocks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafari movement">Rastafari movement</a> were despised early in the movement's history. In some cultures, having one's hair cut can symbolize a liberation from one's past, usually after a trying time in one's life. Cutting the hair also may be a sign of mourning. </p><p>Tightly coiled hair in its natural state may be worn in an <a href="/wiki/Afro" title="Afro">Afro</a>. This hairstyle was once worn among <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> as a symbol of racial pride. Given that the coiled texture is the natural state of some African Americans' hair, or perceived as being more "African", this simple style is now often seen as a sign of self-acceptance and an affirmation that the beauty norms of the (<a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">eurocentric</a>) dominant culture are not absolute. African Americans as a whole have a variety of hair textures, as they are not an ethnically homogeneous group, but an ad-hoc of different racial admixtures. </p><p>The film <i><a href="/wiki/Easy_Rider" title="Easy Rider">Easy Rider</a></i> (1969) includes the assumption that the two main characters could have their long hairs forcibly shaved with a rusty razor when jailed, symbolizing the intolerance of some conservative groups toward members of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a>. At the conclusion of England's 1971 <a href="/wiki/Oz_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Oz trial"><i>Oz</i> trials</a>, the defendants had their heads shaved by the police, causing public outcry. During the appeal trial, they appeared in the dock wearing wigs.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A case where a 14-year-old student was expelled from school in Brazil in the mid-2000s, allegedly because of his <a href="/wiki/Fauxhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauxhawk">fauxhawk</a> haircut, sparked national debate and legal action resulting in compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-cearamohawk1_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cearamohawk1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cearamohawk2_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cearamohawk2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_practices">Religious practices</h3></div> <p>Women's hair may be hidden using <a href="/wiki/Headscarf" title="Headscarf">headscarves</a>, a common part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and a symbol of modesty required for certain religious rituals in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> requires all married women to wear headscarves inside the church; this tradition is often extended to all women, regardless of marital status. <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a> also commands the use of scarves and other head coverings for married women for modesty reasons. Certain <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> sects also wear head scarves for religious reasons. <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhs</a> have an obligation not to cut hair (a Sikh cutting hair becomes 'apostate' which means fallen from religion)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and men keep it tied in a bun on the head, which is then covered appropriately using a <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a>. Multiple religions, both ancient and contemporary, require or advise one to allow their hair to become <a href="/wiki/Dreadlocks" title="Dreadlocks">dreadlocks</a>, though people also wear them for fashion. For men, Islam, Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholicism, and other religious groups have at various times recommended or required the covering of the head and sections of the hair of men, and some have dictates relating to the cutting of men's facial and head hair. Some Christian sects throughout history and up to modern times have also religiously proscribed the cutting of women's hair. For some <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Madhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhab">madhabs</a>, the donning of a <a href="/wiki/Kufi" title="Kufi">kufi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">topi</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">sunnah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> males are prescribed to shave their heads, but leave a tuft of hair unshaved, worn in the form of a topknot.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Arabic_poetry">In Arabic poetry</h3></div> <p>Since ancient times, women's long, thick, wavy hair has featured prominently in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_poetry" title="Arabic poetry">Arabic poetry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sha'r_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pre-Islamic poets used only limited imagery to describe women's hair.<sup id="cite_ref-Sha'r_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Al-A%27sha" title="Al-A'sha">al-A'sha</a> wrote a verse comparing a lover's hair to "a garden whose grapes dangle down upon me", but <a href="/wiki/Bashshar_ibn_Burd" title="Bashshar ibn Burd">Bashshar ibn Burd</a> considered this unusual.<sup id="cite_ref-Sha'r_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One comparison used by early poets, such as <a href="/wiki/Imru_al-Qays" class="mw-redirect" title="Imru al-Qays">Imru al-Qays</a>, was to bunches of <a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">dates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sha'r_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> times, however, the imagery for hair expanded significantly - particularly for the then-fashionable "love-locks" (<i>sudgh</i>) framing the <a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">temples</a>, which came into style at the court of the caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">al-Amin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sha'r_80-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hair curls were compared to hooks and chains, letters (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Fa_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa (letter)">fa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">waw</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lam_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lam (letter)">lam</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">nun</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Scorpion" title="Scorpion">scorpions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">annelids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polo_stick" class="mw-redirect" title="Polo stick">polo sticks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sha'r_80-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example was the poet <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mu%27tazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Mu'tazz">Ibn al-Mu'tazz</a>, who compared a lock of hair and a <a href="/wiki/Birthmark" title="Birthmark">birthmark</a> to a polo stick driving a ball.<sup id="cite_ref-Sha'r_80-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hairstyles" title="List of hairstyles">List of hairstyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">Body hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaetophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaetophobia">Chaetophobia</a> – the fear of hair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_analysis_(alternative_medicine)" title="Hair analysis (alternative medicine)">Hair analysis (alternative medicine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrichosis" title="Hypertrichosis">Hypertrichosis</a> – the state of having an excess of hair on the head or body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypotrichosis">Hypotrichosis</a> – the state of having a less than normal amount of hair on the head or body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanugo" title="Lanugo">Lanugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seta" title="Seta">Seta</a> – hair-like structures in insects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristle_sensilla" title="Bristle sensilla">Bristle sensilla</a> – tactile hairs in insects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichotillomania" title="Trichotillomania">Trichotillomania</a> – hair pulling</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSherrow2006" class="citation book cs1">Sherrow, Victoria (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofha0000sher"><i>Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History</i></a>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. iv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33145-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33145-9"><bdi>978-0-313-33145-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hair%3A+A+Cultural+History&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=iv&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33145-9&rft.aulast=Sherrow&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofha0000sher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrauseFoitzik2006" class="citation journal cs1">Krause, K; Foitzik, K (2006). "Biology of the Hair Follicle: The Basics". <i>Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 2–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sder.2006.01.002">10.1016/j.sder.2006.01.002</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1085-5629">1085-5629</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16616298">16616298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+Cutaneous+Medicine+and+Surgery&rft.atitle=Biology+of+the+Hair+Follicle%3A+The+Basics&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-10&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1085-5629&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16616298&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sder.2006.01.002&rft.aulast=Krause&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Foitzik%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeughelman,_Max1997" class="citation book cs1">Feughelman, Max (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSNIYKwKu8kC"><i>Mechanical Properties and Structure of Alpha-keratin Fibres: Wool, Human Hair and Related Fibres</i></a>. 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Newcastle upon Tyne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-5998-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-5998-1"><bdi>978-1-5275-5998-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1199967093">1199967093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=USA+Pop&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1199967093&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-5998-1&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Asa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1199967093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInnes2021" class="citation book cs1">Innes, William C. 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Cham, Switzerland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-69974-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-69974-1"><bdi>978-3-030-69974-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1249505982">1249505982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+hair+display+and+its+meanings&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1249505982&rft.isbn=978-3-030-69974-1&rft.aulast=Innes&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1249505982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1223027644"><i>Cultural History of Hair in the Modern Age</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-12283-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-12283-3"><bdi>978-1-350-12283-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1223027644">1223027644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+History+of+Hair+in+the+Modern+Age.&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1223027644&rft.isbn=978-1-350-12283-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1223027644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37254408"><i>Hair : its power and meaning in Asian cultures</i></a>. Alf Hiltebeitel, Barbara D. Miller. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-3741-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-3741-8"><bdi>0-7914-3741-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37254408">37254408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hair+%3A+its+power+and+meaning+in+Asian+cultures&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37254408&rft.isbn=0-7914-3741-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F37254408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jonathon_Green" title="Jonathon Green">Green, Jonathon</a>, (1999). <i>All Dressed Up: The Sixties and the Counterculture</i>. London: Pimlico. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-6523-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-6523-4">0-7126-6523-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cearamohawk1-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cearamohawk1_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/ceara/noticia/2011/09/justica-do-ce-condena-escola-por-barrar-aluno-com-cabelo-moicano.html">"G1 – Justiça do CE condena escola por barrar aluno com cabelo 'moicano' – notícias em Ceará"</a> [G1 - CE court condemns school for barring student with 'mohawk' hair - news in Ceara]. G1.globo.com. 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G1+%E2%80%93+Justi%C3%A7a+do+CE+condena+escola+por+barrar+aluno+com+cabelo+%27moicano%27+%E2%80%93+not%C3%ADcias+em+Cear%C3%A1&rft.pub=G1.globo.com&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fceara%2Fnoticia%2F2011%2F09%2Fjustica-do-ce-condena-escola-por-barrar-aluno-com-cabelo-moicano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cearamohawk2-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cearamohawk2_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/ceara/noticia/2011/09/aluno-diz-que-jogador-inspirou-corte-moicano-alvo-de-acao-judicial-no-ce.html">"G1 – Aluno diz que jogador inspirou 'corte moicano' alvo de ação judicial no CE – notícias em Ceará"</a> [G1 says student inspired 'Mohawk court' subject to legal action in CE - news in Ceara]. G1.globo.com. 30 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G1+%E2%80%93+Aluno+diz+que+jogador+inspirou+%27corte+moicano%27+alvo+de+a%C3%A7%C3%A3o+judicial+no+CE+%E2%80%93+not%C3%ADcias+em+Cear%C3%A1&rft.pub=G1.globo.com&rft.date=2011-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fceara%2Fnoticia%2F2011%2F09%2Faluno-diz-que-jogador-inspirou-corte-moicano-alvo-de-acao-judicial-no-ce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (2005) <i>Dictionary of Sikh Philosophy</i>, Sikh University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The War Within Our Hearts – Page 65 Sa'ad Quadri – 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiltebeitelMillerMiller1998" class="citation book cs1">Hiltebeitel, Alf; Miller, Barbara D.; Miller, Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Women's Studies Program Barbara D. (1 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PRPymT12c40C&dq=Brahmin+male+topknot&pg=PA15"><i>Hair: Its Power and Meaning in Asian Cultures</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3741-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3741-4"><bdi>978-0-7914-3741-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hair%3A+Its+Power+and+Meaning+in+Asian+Cultures&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3741-4&rft.aulast=Hiltebeitel&rft.aufirst=Alf&rft.au=Miller%2C+Barbara+D.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Professor+of+Anthropology+and+Director+of+the+Women%27s+Studies+Program+Barbara+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPRPymT12c40C%26dq%3DBrahmin%2Bmale%2Btopknot%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sha'r-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sha'r_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sha'r_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sha'r_80-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sha'r_80-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sha'r_80-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sha'r_80-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sha'r_80-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadanReinhartReinert1997" class="citation book cs1">Sadan, J.; Reinhart, A.K.; Reinert, B. (1997). "SHA'R". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leiden: Brill. pp. 311–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10422-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10422-4"><bdi>90-04-10422-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SHA%27R&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+IX+%28SAN-SZE%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=311-3&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-04-10422-4&rft.aulast=Sadan&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Reinhart%2C+A.K.&rft.au=Reinert%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia600603.us.archive.org%2F14%2Fitems%2FEncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13%2F09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Iyengar1998" class="citation journal cs1">Iyengar, B. (1998). 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"Genetic variation at the MC1R locus and the time since loss of human body hair". <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>45</b> (1): 105–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F381006">10.1086/381006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224795768">224795768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation+at+the+MC1R+locus+and+the+time+since+loss+of+human+body+hair&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=105-108&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F381006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224795768%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Alan+R.&rft.au=Iltis%2C+David&rft.au=Wooding%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Tishkoff1996" class="citation journal cs1">Tishkoff, S. A.; Dietzsch, E.; Speed, W.; Pakstis, A. J.; Kidd, J. R.; Cheung, K.; Bonne-Tamir, B.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. S.; et al. (1996). "Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins". <i>Science</i>. <b>271</b> (5254): 1380–1387. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Sci...271.1380T">1996Sci...271.1380T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.271.5254.1380">10.1126/science.271.5254.1380</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8596909">8596909</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4266475">4266475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Global+patterns+of+linkage+disequilibrium+at+the+CD4+locus+and+modern+human+origins&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=5254&rft.pages=1380-1387&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.271.5254.1380&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4266475%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8596909&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996Sci...271.1380T&rft.aulast=Tishkoff&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft.au=Dietzsch%2C+E.&rft.au=Speed%2C+W.&rft.au=Pakstis%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Kidd%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Cheung%2C+K.&rft.au=Bonne-Tamir%2C+B.&rft.au=Santachiara-Benerecetti%2C+A.+S.&rft.au=Moral%2C+P.&rft.au=Krings%2C+M.&rft.au=Paabo%2C+S.&rft.au=Watson%2C+E.&rft.au=Risch%2C+N.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+T.&rft.au=Kidd%2C+K.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZME+Science&rft.atitle=How+fast+hair+grows%2C+and+other+hairy+science&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft.aulast=PUIU&rft.aufirst=TIBI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zmescience.com%2Fother%2Fscience-abc%2Fhow-fast-hair-grows-042394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHair" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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gland">Skin glands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_gland" title="Sweat gland">Sweat glands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Apocrine_sweat_gland" title="Apocrine sweat gland">Apocrine sweat gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccrine_sweat_gland" title="Eccrine sweat gland">Eccrine sweat gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">Sebaceous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hair</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Root_sheath_(hair)" title="Root sheath (hair)">Root sheath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_root_sheath" title="Outer root sheath">Outer root sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_root_sheath" title="Inner root sheath">Inner root sheath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henle%27s_layer" title="Henle's layer">Henle's layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huxley%27s_layer" title="Huxley's layer">Huxley's layer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hair_shaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair shaft">Hair shaft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuticle_(hair)" title="Cuticle (hair)">Cuticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortex_(hair)" title="Cortex (hair)">Cortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medulla_(hair)" title="Medulla (hair)">Medulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_(hair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrix (hair)">Bulb with matrix cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">Hair follicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">Muscle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrector_pili_muscle" title="Arrector pili muscle">Arrector pili muscle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pilosebaceous_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilosebaceous unit">Pilosebaceous unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hair <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">sebaceous gland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Nail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nail_matrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Nail matrix">Nail matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Nail plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunula_(anatomy)" title="Lunula (anatomy)">Lunula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponychium" title="Eponychium">Eponychium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paronychium" class="mw-redirect" title="Paronychium">Paronychium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyponychium" title="Hyponychium">Hyponychium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_evolution" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_evolution" title="Template:Human evolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_evolution" title="Template talk:Human evolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_evolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human evolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_evolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Human evolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_taxonomy" title="Human taxonomy">Taxonomy</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor" title="Most recent common ancestor">Last common ancestors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor">Chimpanzee–human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gorilla–human last common ancestor">Gorilla–human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Orangutan–human last common ancestor">Orangutan–human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gibbon–human last common ancestor">Gibbon–human</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecine" title="Australopithecine">Australopithecines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">A. kadabba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">A. ramidus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">A. afarensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">A. africanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">A. anamensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_bahrelghazali" title="Australopithecus bahrelghazali">A. bahrelghazali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_deyiremeda" title="Australopithecus deyiremeda">A. deyiremeda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">A. garhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">A. sediba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus" title="Paranthropus aethiopicus">P. aethiopicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_boisei" title="Paranthropus boisei">P. boisei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">P. robustus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Humans and<br />proto-humans<br />(<i>Homo</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proto-humans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_gautengensis" title="Homo gautengensis">H. gautengensis</a></i> (?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">H. habilis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_naledi" title="Homo naledi">H. naledi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">H. rudolfensis</a></i> (?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penghu_1" title="Penghu 1">H. tsaichangensis</a></i> (?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Java_Man" title="Java Man">H. e. erectus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dmanisi_hominins" title="Dmanisi hominins">H. e. georgicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lantian_Man" title="Lantian Man">H. e. lantianensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Man" title="Nanjing Man">H. e. nankinensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peking_Man" title="Peking Man">H. e. pekinensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solo_Man" title="Solo Man">H. e. soloensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tautavel_Man" title="Tautavel Man">H. e. tautavelensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuanmou_Man" title="Yuanmou Man">H. e. yuanmouensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Archaic_humans" title="Archaic humans">Archaic humans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">H. antecessor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovans</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">H. ergaster</a></i> (?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">H. floresiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">H. heidelbergensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_longi" title="Homo longi">H. longi</a></i> (?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_luzonensis" title="Homo luzonensis">H. luzonensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">H. neanderthalensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_rhodesiensis" title="Homo rhodesiensis">H. rhodesiensis</a></i> (?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Modern humans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Homo_sapiens" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Homo sapiens</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_human" title="Early modern human"><i>H. s. sapiens</i> (archaic homo sapiens, anatomically modern humans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Irhoud" title="Jebel Irhoud">Jebel Irhoud</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herto_Man" title="Herto Man">H. s. idaltu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manot_1" title="Manot 1">Manot people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_Pa_Ling_Cave" title="Tam Pa Ling Cave">Tam Pa Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Deer_Cave_people" title="Red Deer Cave people">Red Deer Cave people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Ancestors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">Homo habilis</a></i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">Homo ergaster</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i> (→ <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a></i>)<sup>?</sup> → <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i> → <i>archaic Homo sapiens</i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Homo sapiens</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_hypothesis" title="Gathering hypothesis">Gathering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_running_hypothesis" title="Endurance running hypothesis">Endurance running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Aquatic ape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_humans" title="Sexual selection in humans">Sexual selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-domestication#In_humans" title="Self-domestication">Self-domestication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Diet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans#The_cooking_hypothesis" title="Control of fire by early humans">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expensive_tissue_hypothesis" title="Expensive tissue hypothesis">Expensive tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis#Diet" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Shore-based</a></li></ul></li> <li>Drugs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis" title="Drunken monkey hypothesis">Drunken monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_models_of_human_drug_use" title="Evolutionary models of human drug use">Evolutionary models of human drug use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoned_ape_theory" title="Stoned ape theory">Stoned ape theory</a></li></ul></li> <li>Behavior <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killer_ape_theory" title="Killer ape theory">Killer ape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_eye_hypothesis" title="Cooperative eye hypothesis">Cooperative eye</a></li></ul></li> <li>Life history <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmother_hypothesis" title="Grandmother hypothesis">Grandmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_hypothesis" title="Patriarch hypothesis">Patriarch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_bipedalism_in_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of bipedalism in humans">Bipedalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due_to_bipedalism" title="Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism">Skeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_evolution_in_humans" title="Muscular evolution in humans">Muscles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_skin_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of skin color">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_and_heat_adaptations_in_humans" title="Cold and heat adaptations in humans">Thermoregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_speech" title="Origin of speech">Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_human_intelligence" title="Evolution of human intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_division_of_labour#Hypotheses_for_the_evolutionary_origins_of_SDL" title="Sexual division of labour">Gender roles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of modern humans">Origin of modern humans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans" title="Recent African origin of modern humans">Recent African origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiregional_origin_of_modern_humans" title="Multiregional origin of modern humans">Multiregional origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans" title="Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans">Archaic admixture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_human_migrations" title="Early human migrations">Early migrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recent_human_evolution" title="Recent human evolution">Recent evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">Human evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Human prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_timeline" title="Template:Human timeline">Human timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_evolution_theorists" title="Category:Human evolution theorists">Theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_evolution_books" title="Category:Human evolution books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_evolution_fossils" title="List of human evolution fossils">Fossils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anthropology" title="Evolutionary anthropology">Evolutionary anthropology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleoanthropology" title="Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Human evolutionary developmental biology">Human evolutionary developmental biology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_evolution" title="Category:Human evolution">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_evolution" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Human evolution">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Evolutionary_biology" title="Portal:Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_hair" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_hair" title="Template:Human hair"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair" title="Template talk:Human hair"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_hair" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human hair"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_hair" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human hair</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanugo" title="Lanugo">Lanugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_hair" title="Terminal hair">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellus_hair" title="Vellus hair">Vellus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_hair" title="Ear hair">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_hair" title="Nasal hair">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unibrow" title="Unibrow">unibrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">Eyelash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underarm_hair" title="Underarm hair">Underarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_hair" title="Chest hair">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_hair" title="Abdominal hair">Abdominal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">Pubic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_hair" title="Leg hair">Leg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head <a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">hairstyles</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_hairstyles" title="List of hairstyles">list of hairstyles</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro" title="Afro">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro_puffs" title="Afro puffs">Afro puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_cut" title="Asymmetric cut">Asymmetric cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Bald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangs_(hair)" title="Bangs (hair)">Bangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)" title="Beehive (hairstyle)">Beehive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_hair" title="Big hair">Big hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hair" title="Long hair">Blowout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_cut" title="Bob cut">Bob cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant" title="Bouffant">Bouffant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_cut" title="Bowl cut">Bowl cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)" title="Braid (hairstyle)">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broccoli_haircut" title="Broccoli haircut">Broccoli haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_cut" title="Brush cut">Brush, butch, burr cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)" title="Bun (hairstyle)">Bun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)" title="Bun (hairstyle)">odango</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunches" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunches">Bunches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Businessman cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_haircut" title="Butterfly haircut">Butterfly haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_cut" title="Buzz cut">Buzz cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_cut" title="Caesar cut">Caesar cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)" title="Chignon (hairstyle)">Chignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonmage" title="Chonmage">Chonmage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb_over" title="Comb over">Comb over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conk" title="Conk">Conk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornrows" title="Cornrows">Cornrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_cut" title="Crew cut">Crew cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet_braids" title="Crochet braids">Crochet braids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_facelift" title="Croydon facelift">Croydon facelift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly hair">Curly hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtained_hair" title="Curtained hair">Curtained hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czupryna" title="Czupryna">Czupryna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devilock" title="Devilock">Devilock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dido_flip" title="Dido flip">Dido flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_perm" title="Digital perm">Digital perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadlocks" title="Dreadlocks">Dreadlocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducktail" title="Ducktail">Ducktail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_cut" title="Edgar cut">Edgar cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_crop" title="Eton crop">Eton crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations" title="Artificial hair integrations">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">Fauxhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feathered_hair" title="Feathered hair">Feathered hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_wave" title="Finger wave">Finger wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattop" title="Flattop">Flattop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontange" title="Fontange">Fontange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_braid" title="French braid">French braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)" title="French twist (hairstyle)">French twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_(hair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringe (hair)">Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frosted_tips" title="Frosted tips">Frosted tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_crimping" title="Hair crimping">Hair crimping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_twists" title="Hair twists">Hair twists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_and_tight" title="High and tight">High and tight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hime_cut" title="Hime cut">Hime cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles" title="Historical Christian hairstyles">Historical Christian hairstyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-top_fade" title="Hi-top fade">Hi-top fade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_cut" title="Induction cut">Induction cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)" title="Ivy League (haircut)">Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women" title="Hairstyles of Japanese women">Japanese women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewfro" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewfro">Jewfro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jheri_curl" title="Jheri curl">Jheri curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinky_hair" title="Kinky hair">Kinky hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_curl" title="Kiss curl">Kiss curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laid_edges" title="Laid edges">Laid edges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layered_hair" title="Layered hair">Layered hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_spikes" title="Liberty spikes">Liberty spikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hair" title="Long hair">Long hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lob_(haircut)" title="Lob (haircut)">Lob cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)" title="Lovelock (hair)">Lovelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelling" title="Marcelling">Marcelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_(haircut)" title="Wings (haircut)">Mod cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)" title="Mullet (haircut)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s" title="Hairstyles in the 1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s" title="Hairstyles in the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageboy" title="Pageboy">Pageboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Part_(haircut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Part (haircut)">Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payot" title="Payot">Payot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigtail" title="Pigtail">Pigtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie_cut" title="Pixie cut">Pixie cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompadour_(hairstyle)" title="Pompadour (hairstyle)">Pompadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponytail" title="Ponytail">Ponytail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_perm" title="Punch perm">Punch perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Professional cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)" title="Queue (hairstyle)">Queue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiff" title="Quiff">Quiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattail_(hairstyle)" title="Rattail (hairstyle)">Rattail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor_cut" class="mw-redirect" title="Razor cut">Razor cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Regular haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)" title="Ringlet (haircut)">Ringlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_(haircut)" title="Shag (haircut)">Shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shape-up" title="Shape-up">Shape-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)" title="Shikha (hairstyle)">Shikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimada_(hairstyle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimada (hairstyle)">Shimada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Short back and sides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_cut" title="Brush cut">Short brush cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_hair" title="Short hair">Short hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_spikes" title="Liberty spikes">Spiky hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight hair">Straight hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Standard haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_cutting" title="Step cutting">Step cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer_hair" title="Surfer hair">Surfer hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Taper cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_fade_(hairstyle)" title="Temple fade (hairstyle)">Temple fade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_cut" title="Titus cut">Titus cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">Tonsure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Updo" class="mw-redirect" title="Updo">Updo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_rolls" title="Victory rolls">Victory rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)" title="Waves (hairstyle)">Waves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widow%27s_peak" title="Widow's peak">Widow's peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_(haircut)" title="Wings (haircut)">Wings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facial_hair" title="Facial hair">Facial hair</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles" title="List of facial hairstyles">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beard" title="Beard">Beard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinstrap_beard" title="Chinstrap beard">Chinstrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatee" title="Goatee">Goatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Kelly_beard" title="Ned Kelly beard">Ned Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_(beard)" title="Shenandoah (beard)">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_patch" title="Soul patch">Soul patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dyke_beard" title="Van Dyke beard">Van Dyke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustache" title="Moustache">Moustache</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache" title="Fu Manchu moustache">Fu Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handlebar_moustache" title="Handlebar moustache">handlebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_moustache" title="Horseshoe moustache">horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_moustache" title="Pencil moustache">pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothbrush_moustache" title="Toothbrush moustache">toothbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_moustache" title="Walrus moustache">walrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_stubble" title="Designer stubble">Designer stubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideburns" title="Sideburns">Sideburns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hair subtraction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">cosmetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">Removal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waxing" title="Waxing">waxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threading_(epilation)" title="Threading (epilation)">threading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)" title="Plucking (hair removal)">plucking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_depilatory" title="Chemical depilatory">chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrology" title="Electrology">electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_hair_removal" title="Laser hair removal">laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light" title="Intense pulsed light">IPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">Shaving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_shaving" title="Head shaving">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_shaving" title="Leg shaving">leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_cream" title="Shaving cream">cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_brush" title="Shaving brush">brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_soap" title="Shaving soap">soap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor" title="Razor">Razor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_shaver" title="Electric shaver">electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_razor" title="Safety razor">safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_razor" title="Straight razor">straight</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Alopecia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_areata" title="Alopecia areata">areata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_totalis" title="Alopecia totalis">totalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_universalis" title="Alopecia universalis">universalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frictional_alopecia" title="Frictional alopecia">Frictional alopecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss" title="Pattern hair loss">Pattern hair loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrichosis" title="Hypertrichosis">Hypertrichosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss" title="Management of hair loss">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichophilia">Trichophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichotillomania" title="Trichotillomania">Trichotillomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogonophobia" title="Pogonophobia">Pogonophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Haircare products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hairbrush" title="Hairbrush">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clay" title="Hair clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clipper" title="Hair clipper">Clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb" title="Comb">Comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_conditioner" title="Hair conditioner">Conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_dryer" title="Hair dryer">Dryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_gel" title="Hair gel">Gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyling_product" title="Hairstyling product">Hairstyling products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_comb" title="Hot comb">Hot comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_iron" title="Hair iron">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_mousse" title="Hair mousse">Mousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomade" title="Pomade">Pomade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxer" title="Relaxer">Relaxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_roller" title="Hair roller">Rollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shampoo" title="Shampoo">Shampoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_spray" title="Hair spray">Spray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_volumizer" title="Hair volumizer">Volumizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_wax" title="Hair wax">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_texture_powder" title="Hair texture powder">Hair texture powder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Haircare techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backcombing" title="Backcombing">Backcombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_coloring" title="Hair coloring">Hair coloring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_crimping" title="Hair crimping">Crimping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method" title="Curly Girl Method">Curly Girl Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_cutting" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair cutting">Hair cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)" title="Perm (hairstyle)">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_and_set" title="Shampoo and set">Shampoo and set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_straightening" title="Hair straightening">Straightening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and medical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greying_of_hair" title="Greying of hair">Greying of hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">Hair follicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_hair_growth" title="Human hair growth">Hair growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichology" title="Trichology">Trichology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System" title="Andre Walker Hair Typing System">Andre Walker Hair Typing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beard_and_haircut_laws_by_country" title="Beard and haircut laws by country">Beard and haircut laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_lady" title="Bearded lady">Bearded lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber" title="Barber">Barber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barber%27s_pole" title="Barber's pole">pole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle" title="Eponymous hairstyle">Eponymous hairstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frizz" title="Frizz">Frizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Good hair">Good hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairdresser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hairdressers" title="List of hairdressers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_fetishism" title="Hair fetishism">Hair fetishism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_regional_anatomy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_regional_anatomy" title="Template:Human regional anatomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_regional_anatomy" title="Template talk:Human regional anatomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_regional_anatomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human regional anatomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_regional_anatomy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_body#Regional_groups" title="Human body">Human regional anatomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face" title="Face">Face</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">Forehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin" title="Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">Lip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Tooth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">Jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">Mandible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">Occiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">Scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_apple" title="Adam's apple">Adam's apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">Throat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nape" title="Nape">Nape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">Torso</a> (Trunk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">Waist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">Midriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">Navel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">Scrotum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">Limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">Axilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">Wrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Fingernail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_finger" title="Ring finger">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">Little</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_(leg)" title="Calf (leg)">Calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">Foot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">Ankle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">Heel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">Toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Toenail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">Sole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28472#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28472#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28472#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4128008-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85058305">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119311767">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119311767">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575445">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525867">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000100801&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548233505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637282">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A16.0.00.014">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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