CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Lev Manovich | Graduate Center of the City University of New York - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="cGvIWGvKN7W8tJqow80g1NSgyJXsaClGiO09HQXq9W-vwLXDFm5gBIJDkg4sSk2QJX2mdwHLaSscSj0MFfJ2Dg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-3d36c19b4875b226bfed0fcba1dcea3f2fe61148383d97c0465c016b8c969290.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-79e78ce59bef0a338eb6540ec3d93b4a7952115b56c57f1760943128f4544d42.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-bfbac2a470372e2f3a6661a65fa7ff0a0fbf7aa32534d9a831d683d2a6f9e01b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-d1941ab08e91e29ee143084c4749da4aaffa350a2ac6eec2306b1d7a352d911a.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="author" content="lev manovich" /> <meta name="description" content="Dr. Lev Manovich is an artist, writer, and one of the most influential theorists of digital art and culture in the world. He is a Presidential Professor of…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '075e914b9e16164113b5b9afd7238a56a7292942'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14035,"monthly_visitors":"102 million","monthly_visitor_count":102411812,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":102,"user_count":283253502,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740052532000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740052532000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-40698df34f913bd208bb70f09d2feb7c6286046250be17a4db35bba2c08b0e2f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-6145545f49b709c1199990a76c559bd4c35429284884cbcb3cf7f1916215e941.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-5e022a2ab081599fcedc76886fa95a606f8073416cae1641695a9906c9a80b81.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-8e43dbfb783947b05fb193bb4a981fdefb46b9285b0cade100b20d38357a3356.js" defer="defer"></script><script>$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/412778/130321/66062342/s65_lev.manovich.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":6400,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/Departments/Computer_Science/Documents","university":{"id":761,"name":"Graduate Center of the City University of New York","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Faculty Member","position_id":1,"is_analytics_public":true,"interests":[{"id":26558,"name":"Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":1440,"name":"Visualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visualization"},{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities"},{"id":7334,"name":"Software Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Studies"},{"id":69100,"name":"Data Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Science"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media"},{"id":256465,"name":"Social Networking \u0026 Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking_and_Social_Media"},{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography"},{"id":19258,"name":"Cinema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cinema"},{"id":1016,"name":"Avant-Garde Cinema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avant-Garde_Cinema"},{"id":126300,"name":"Big Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Data"},{"id":47980,"name":"Data Visualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Visualization"},{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design"},{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media"},{"id":18736,"name":"New Media Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media_Art"},{"id":449899,"name":"Big Data Visualisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Data_Visualisation"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory"},{"id":93455,"name":"Infographics and data visualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infographics_and_data_visualization"},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media"},{"id":6865,"name":"Digital Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Culture"},{"id":10503,"name":"Photography Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography_Theory"},{"id":2499,"name":"Digital Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Photography"},{"id":12696,"name":"New Media Art \u0026 Emerging Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media_Art_and_Emerging_Practices"},{"id":1791,"name":"Facial Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_Recognition"},{"id":3189,"name":"Experimental Media Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Media_Arts"},{"id":873,"name":"Photographs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photographs"},{"id":289278,"name":"Big Data Analytics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Data_Analytics"},{"id":716916,"name":"Instagram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instagram"},{"id":3225,"name":"Visual Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Culture"},{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies"},{"id":3424,"name":"Information Visualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Visualization"},{"id":413148,"name":"Big Data / Analytics / Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Data_Analytics_Data_Mining"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History"},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art"},{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory"},{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining"},{"id":187,"name":"Computational Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Sociology"},{"id":74033,"name":"Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mapping"},{"id":5647,"name":"Digital History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_History"},{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":6038911,"link":"http://twitter.com/manovich","name":"Twitter","link_domain":"twitter.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=twitter.com"},{"id":6038933,"link":"http://facebook.com/lev.manovich","name":"Facebook","link_domain":"facebook.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=facebook.com"},{"id":66513844,"link":"https://www.instagram.com/levmanovich/","name":"Instagram","link_domain":"www.instagram.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.instagram.com"},{"id":66513854,"link":"http://lab.culturalanalytics.info","name":"Cultural Analytics Lab","link_domain":"lab.culturalanalytics.info","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=lab.culturalanalytics.info"},{"id":66513857,"link":"http://manovich.net/","name":"Homepage","link_domain":"manovich.net","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=manovich.net"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","location":"/LevManovich","scheme":"https","host":"gc-cuny.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/LevManovich","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-34e878d3-4f3d-4285-bcb9-bda6f6d906ce"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-34e878d3-4f3d-4285-bcb9-bda6f6d906ce"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Lev Manovich" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/412778/130321/66062342/s200_lev.manovich.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Lev Manovich</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/">Graduate Center of the City University of New York</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/Departments/Computer_Science/Documents">Computer Science</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Lev" data-follow-user-id="412778" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="412778"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">22,921</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">510</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">15</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/LevManovich/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><a href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich/Analytics"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></a></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Dr. Lev Manovich is an artist, writer, and one of the most influential theorists of digital art and culture in the world. He is a Presidential Professor of Computer Science at the City University of New York's Graduate Center and the Director of the Cultural Analytics Lab. After studying painting, architecture, and filmmaking, Manovich began using computers to create digital art in 1984. He has played a key role in creating four new research fields: new media and digital culture (1991-), software studies (2001-), cultural analytics (2007–), and AI aesthetics (2017-). Manovich was the first to theoretically analyze the key elements of digital culture, including synthetic realism, augmented space, database, and interface. His publications include 195 articles reprinted over 800 times in 37 languages and 17 books such as Artificial Aesthetics, Cultural Analytics, Instagram and Contemporary Image, Software Takes Command, and The Language of New Media which has been called "the most provocative and comprehensive media history since Marshall McLuhan." His digital art projects have been exhibited in 14 solo and 142 international group exhibitions at many prestigious institutions, such as the Institute of Contemporary Art (London), the Centre Pompidou, The Shanghai Biennale, and The ZKM | Center for Art and Media.<br />http://manovich.net/<br />http://lab.culturalanalytics.info/<br /><span class="u-fw700">Supervisors: </span>Mieke Bal<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://harvard.academia.edu/StevenPinker"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Steven Pinker" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/12758/4264/18675036/s200_steven.pinker.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/StevenPinker">Steven Pinker</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Harvard University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Beat Signer" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/13155/4407/155010730/s200_beat.signer.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner">Beat Signer</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Vrije Universiteit Brussel</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ibnhaldun.academia.edu/TimothyJordan"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Timothy Jordan" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/14493/4844/4738/s200_timothy.jordan.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ibnhaldun.academia.edu/TimothyJordan">Timothy Jordan</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">İbn Haldun Üniversitesi</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://saic.academia.edu/JElkins"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="James Elkins" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/15483/5205/5067/s200_james.elkins.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://saic.academia.edu/JElkins">James Elkins</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">School of the Art Institute of Chicago</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://donau-uni.academia.edu/AnaPeraica"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Ana Peraica" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/25871/8429/123162963/s200_ana.peraica.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://donau-uni.academia.edu/AnaPeraica">Ana Peraica</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Danube University Krems</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://curtin.academia.edu/TamaLeaver"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Tama Leaver" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/30301/9850/11846212/s200_tama.leaver.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://curtin.academia.edu/TamaLeaver">Tama Leaver</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Curtin University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/DonRoss"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Don Ross" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34228/11192/19836440/s200_don.ross.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/DonRoss">Don Ross</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University College Cork</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://upf.academia.edu/JavierD%C3%ADazNoci"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Javier Díaz Noci" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/35664/11769/160437038/s200_javier.d_az_noci.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://upf.academia.edu/JavierD%C3%ADazNoci">Javier Díaz Noci</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Pompeu Fabra University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://lse.academia.edu/JeanChristophePlantin"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jean-Christophe Plantin" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/42259/13704/19555318/s200_jean-christophe.plantin.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://lse.academia.edu/JeanChristophePlantin">Jean-Christophe Plantin</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">London School of Economics and Political Science</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://microsoft.academia.edu/danahboyd"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="danah boyd" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/51022/15545/14502/s200_danah.boyd.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://microsoft.academia.edu/danahboyd">danah boyd</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Microsoft Research</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="412778">View All (45)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="412778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","location":"/LevManovich","scheme":"https","host":"gc-cuny.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/LevManovich","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Visual Arts"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-2768fd7f-6d4f-4935-b1fc-5625f0a3a0f3"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-2768fd7f-6d4f-4935-b1fc-5625f0a3a0f3"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="412778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Communication"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1a27f79e-3f20-4b87-a9db-c53341044909"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1a27f79e-3f20-4b87-a9db-c53341044909"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="412778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Cultural Studies"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-82ea6fd6-d706-45f8-8bc6-f359def07869"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-82ea6fd6-d706-45f8-8bc6-f359def07869"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="412778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Computer Science"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f579451d-3ebd-4dae-a137-9a70b4774aa6"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f579451d-3ebd-4dae-a137-9a70b4774aa6"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="412778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visualization"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Visualization"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-54e8cc70-6921-404e-b5a6-9df3e7fdbef9"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-54e8cc70-6921-404e-b5a6-9df3e7fdbef9"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="left-most js-UserInfo-social-cv" data-broccoli-component="user-info.cv-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-cv" data-cv-filename="Manovich_CV_2020.pdf" data-placement="top" data-toggle="tooltip" href="/LevManovich/CurriculumVitae"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.8px"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">CV</span></button></li><li><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" href="https://levmanovich.academia.edu/"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content"><i class="fa fa-laptop"></i></span></a></li><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Articles" data-toggle="tab" href="#articles" role="tab" title="Articles"><span>136</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Articles</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>15</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip more-tab" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-documents-more-tab link-unstyled u-textTruncate" data-toggle="dropdown" role="tab">More  <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="js-profile-documents-more-dropdown dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right profile-documents-more-dropdown" role="menu"><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Publications-translated-into-other-languages" data-toggle="tab" href="#publicationstranslatedintootherlanguages" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>8</span> Publications translated into other languages</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Talks" data-toggle="tab" href="#talks" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Talks</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>153</span> Papers</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="PhD-Dissertation" data-toggle="tab" href="#phddissertation" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> PhD Dissertation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Articles" id="Articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Articles by Lev Manovich</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127042534"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127042534/Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters_in_one_PDF_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Aesthetics (All book chapters in one PDF)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120836365/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127042534/Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters_in_one_PDF_">Artificial Aesthetics (All book chapters in one PDF)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our book uses approaches from eight fields. Emanuele brings perspectives from aesthetics, philoso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our book uses approaches from eight fields. Emanuele brings perspectives from aesthetics, philosophy of art, cognitive science, and psychology of art. Lev contributes perspectives from media theory, digital culture studies, digital humanities, and computer science, as well as his four decades of experience as an artist creating digital media, including recent work with generative AI. This is the first time all these different perspectives have been combined to analyze cultural AI. <br /> <br />We started working on the book in the summer of 2019, exchanging many messages, commenting on each other's ideas, and sharing section drafts. While each chapter is written by a single author, it incorporates our ongoing discussions. <br /> <br />Given the rapid evolution of generative AI and its wide-reaching impact on art and culture, we made the decision to release each chapter online as soon as it was finished. The first chapter was released in December 2021, and the last one in September 2024. After all chapters were completed, we did some further editing and released the final version as a single PDF. <br /> <br />-- Lev Manovich and Emanuele Arielli, November 2021 – October 2024.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d6f74018042aad5f9f07e45a62516fdd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120836365,"asset_id":127042534,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120836365/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127042534"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127042534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127042534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127042534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127042534]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127042534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127042534']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d6f74018042aad5f9f07e45a62516fdd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127042534]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127042534,"title":"Artificial Aesthetics (All book chapters in one PDF)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127042534/Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters_in_one_PDF_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OGtueTNTbzU5eVUxSysxQUFDNmNwUGpPZlFlOTVuQ1BqWHlVMytQWHpRQT0tLTBPZzkrU1VjbnRLdSs3d0VlK2RBdnc9PQ==--740d94eeac53eb5695bbf6d2f52341cdb757fb85"},"attachments":[{"id":120836365,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120836365/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich_and_Arielli_Artificial_Aesthetics.All_chapters_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120836365/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/120836365/Manovich_and_Arielli_Artificial_Aesthetics.All_chapters_final-libre.pdf?1736946697=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=RFSk0dzIT9J~ivMmfR4E7-WIlYC9Q8bg9Pm6XumDGOSgLCZ67yvVwL1ztn1V54wyyxpmaY5mLHra1HPpS-pH~0qzCjNouas-FCmBjSiQd6kvonD2wXqQwFu8tP9uPfLkjuoTKDK8IFIgSezVvu5TJctaJ67QjtAwkt52keyxhapvMF-wO~~Xcrt0nZ5AoBSLJR0U3Y8xDwnPRmDPYETvKBxx~xaoqpChHdKAWtND1s6grOjGmHWu72ru8GOxqNUI~ndAEp3tLuumeMd80uA1Q2vbu~Kp5WnNBcD4WsOnrjMusTO0eTkHsUoze9seof5fj0qk1an6yWiu78E0L3y5wA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125071273"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071273/From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the_books_Artificial_aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Tools to Authors (Chapter 8th of the books "Artificial aesthetics", Manovich, Arielli)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180633/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071273/From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the_books_Artificial_aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_">From Tools to Authors (Chapter 8th of the books "Artificial aesthetics", Manovich, Arielli)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">aesthetics-book "If you heard someone playing the piano, would you ask: 'Is the piano the artist?...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">aesthetics-book "If you heard someone playing the piano, would you ask: 'Is the piano the artist?' No. So, same thing here. Just because it is a complicated mechanism, it doesn't change the roles […] The typewriter enables someone to write a book. For me, the keyboard enables me to write code, […] there are neural networks involved that maybe you could say that they are my brushes that I learn to use."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="788f2d3472b4c8e28860a9bd3a1b3595" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119180633,"asset_id":125071273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180633/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125071273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125071273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071273; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071273]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071273]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071273; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125071273']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "788f2d3472b4c8e28860a9bd3a1b3595" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125071273]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125071273,"title":"From Tools to Authors (Chapter 8th of the books \"Artificial aesthetics\", Manovich, Arielli)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125071273/From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the_books_Artificial_aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_","owner_id":2996375,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2996375,"first_name":"Emanuele","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Arielli","page_name":"EmanueleArielli","domain_name":"iuav","created_at":"2013-01-01T03:28:50.801-08:00","display_name":"Emanuele Arielli","url":"https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli","email":"TXBNMi9PTEVmR0FpSGNZcjBYUk9xTnpwT1RFbnoxM3QxbFRHRmlLL3pQRm95TTJmQnVKRW9zOTVFdFZGai9IaC0tWnF1TXFjbFVSekJ4S0pvZDRjWDV6Zz09--f936044b594aef40b67dc08ce956814dc05a8e26"},"attachments":[{"id":119180633,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180633/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180633/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119180633/arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_8-libre.pdf?1730025029=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrom_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=DycLCJraiazGVwKBExJSuk3P7OsICkCYV2WHxom-4~VuCunMdlunH0vB6uDFmAIBaeRenpg~NaoYgzW~~Bf60fcTPNtNBfeQv~SZuNiCaAtcXZUIdD50YhJdhA8lINtIBAwjpaFZ2jt9KYUdVbb~xvJbKREdnwsfFmYi4eTSgdIDublKctGfB6MuhA~bTq~e~wHpJhDYl3Z~Yjkmh9MFWqtk4FSDSxlpm18kyni6S13xtSHUFrKvG86hkG0ncz27LlJdOGQq-4n7TRmRRPHjsR40ut2T2g3fOl0e7dD9kHXqA31aU1Tqr83gQrqteRHjB9I0rmLO7YyJgtujEFXS4w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125071377"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071377/Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aesthetic_alignment_Chapter_9_of_the_book_Artificial_Aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Made by and for humans? The issue of aesthetic alignment (Chapter 9 of the book "Artificial Aesthetics"; Manovich, Arielli)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180713/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071377/Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aesthetic_alignment_Chapter_9_of_the_book_Artificial_Aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_">Made by and for humans? The issue of aesthetic alignment (Chapter 9 of the book "Artificial Aesthetics"; Manovich, Arielli)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This is the final chapter of the book you find here https://manovich.net/index.php/projects/artif...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This is the final chapter of the book you find here <a href="https://manovich.net/index.php/projects/artificial-aesthetics" rel="nofollow">https://manovich.net/index.php/projects/artificial-aesthetics</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c8dea9339d3d2c52e2d6f5ee7a50931" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119180713,"asset_id":125071377,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180713/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125071377"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125071377"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071377; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071377]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071377]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071377; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125071377']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c8dea9339d3d2c52e2d6f5ee7a50931" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125071377]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125071377,"title":"Made by and for humans? The issue of aesthetic alignment (Chapter 9 of the book \"Artificial Aesthetics\"; Manovich, Arielli)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125071377/Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aesthetic_alignment_Chapter_9_of_the_book_Artificial_Aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_","owner_id":2996375,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2996375,"first_name":"Emanuele","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Arielli","page_name":"EmanueleArielli","domain_name":"iuav","created_at":"2013-01-01T03:28:50.801-08:00","display_name":"Emanuele Arielli","url":"https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli","email":"ZWZKdXRFMkZMWC84dy8xZHNlS3U0V1BsL2toMXpJelR1ZFlYWU4vU05XQTlnWUpLYlVXSWdZRW14eEFQUFFxcC0tcjJEVFJJYlJnMzdmRDc2ZWZCRlBYUT09--dc181a159036e57d54f7612e6aa345b2f38f3cbf"},"attachments":[{"id":119180713,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180713/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_9.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180713/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aest.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119180713/arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_9-libre.pdf?1730025019=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMade_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aest.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=Xw2vzYFj4gp9xGDvYumXsnxHEoYh32b-fvBw7VI2LPD2IAsBesGAJXqawN5vNlh1dVzD5j5M2n7Z17sbFfZO2gf-J4UkfFbELqUXxk5kUhCBX8IforvKwb5mxObM6ueJ0RfehkQqX6W3powzeMLQn0V887MjX6Sv27q1M6wpfJHSvay0ia56nI8ymnVi0IxMABiFlT8oPIFbQCpleCwVx7lpNiFA1fk~5b7dLItQzl0wDeGOkqIKWUWcqFCbW~AZFmKLO4HgS1itNluz1noZrmySLSPck0JGJWbQDY75TMcjib5Xd~ZJWBzFO4CjwnTDRHLB70-nxBWyLMmkr4gcQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125120661"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120661/YouTube_and_Film_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of YouTube and Film Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220441/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120661/YouTube_and_Film_Theory">YouTube and Film Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Iskusstvo Kino, 5/6.</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines the relationship between YouTube and film theory, arguing that the emergenc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines the relationship between YouTube and film theory, arguing that the emergence of social media platforms, particularly YouTube, has created unprecedented opportunities for studying cinematic language and its various dialects. While 20th-century film theorists were limited by access to a relatively small number of films and expensive production requirements, today's digital platforms provide access to millions of videos across different genres, styles, and purposes. The author suggests that this vast collection of content enables researchers to apply statistical approaches to film analysis, similar to David Bordwell's statistical theory of classical Hollywood cinema, but on a much larger scale. This abundance of material allows for the study of multiple "cinematic dialects" and their evolution in real-time, illuminating the diverse ways cinematic language adapts and transforms in our contemporary digital ecosystem.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a221dccbecc9b2af8ab9a0be103ef559" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119220441,"asset_id":125120661,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220441/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125120661"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125120661"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120661; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120661]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120661]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120661; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125120661']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a221dccbecc9b2af8ab9a0be103ef559" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125120661]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125120661,"title":"YouTube and Film Theory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125120661/YouTube_and_Film_Theory","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"ZnUrSzRoMktwK0ZSU1dFQWREeWg4SUVkK0YvQ05CNXVCbUUvK3BKaHFjOD0tLUtzWlNXTU1EQkpPdDlJQmxSU2YzQlE9PQ==--472c2d61707868cd4092bf4fb7dcb61a7693aac7"},"attachments":[{"id":119220441,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220441/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich_youtube.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220441/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"YouTube_and_Film_Theory.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119220441/Manovich_youtube-libre.pdf?1730158689=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DYouTube_and_Film_Theory.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=bnvzJd9CAnbpaFB78b-9n3nVFLrry4Gb6TJ-z8gXNBIG9jeRmyt9P5IDQu-r3XBcmIblOQdGSEU-z4n9OHnhMtCCk903pwxBkDJ5yoHG3l685yPZuybYarISiLTYks49U7IpFIcaz70cGyP2lpIu14Iyj6wjexCwVYcIrJ46rgooSMG79mZ~z1vWnkNtiEaPGBjCvvzPHLc3337~SHoIX6y6XoQgjTCi0mKa5fx2Xautzp74UB5rkFDA7SSFQTj68Rh6OWZXFSAYZBLgztDmwoSFy4BEqYbs6HnMXu7N2qFg1WCGBicnJmxyXeyi3JQnKLM23CMm2rf-tH4by8baew__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125120502"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120502/Indeterminacy_Score_Performance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Indeterminacy, Score, Performance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220338/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120502/Indeterminacy_Score_Performance">Indeterminacy, Score, Performance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MMCA Performing Arts 2021: Multiverse (National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Seoul).</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The mechanical, electrical, and electronic media of the industrial era standardized creation, dis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The mechanical, electrical, and electronic media of the industrial era standardized creation, distribution, and presentation of cultural works. The motor of a film camera, film projector, gramophone, record player, magnetic audio tape player, and other media machines runs at a constant speed. This standardization enabled new media such as cinema where images are sampled at regular temporal intervals and played back at the same speed. So unless we are dealing with certain experimental films (e.g., Outtakes from a Life of a Happy Man by Jonas Mekas), every showing of a film on a single film reel lasts exactly the same time and not a second longer or shorter.<br /><br />Industrial machines such as the motor did not only enable new “media arts” in a direct material way. They often became the subjects of the arts. Between the First and Second World Wars, many modernist artists and filmmakers celebrated the new beauty of moving machines in their works that featured machine tools, airplane propellors, and the rotating wheels of trains and trams.<br /><br />Halo belongs to a different era. Today our feelings about modernity and industrialization are often ambivalent or negative. Ruthless exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, and climate change are among the undeniable consequences of industrialization. Instead of admiring the machines we made, we now want to pay closer attention to nature, which is more rich, complex, interconnected, and variable, but also apparently more fragile. However, nature in itself is not the subject of Halo.<br /><br />Halo does not contain a detailed depiction of nature, framing it for our contemplation or admiration like classical Western landscape painting. Nor does it follow the tradition of East Asian ink and wash painting, which aims to convey the “spirit” of the subject without depicting all its details. So if Halo does not represent nature or our impressions of it, what does it do?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f5cbacc73c45b208b28cee85236d415d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119220338,"asset_id":125120502,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220338/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125120502"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125120502"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120502; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120502]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120502]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120502; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125120502']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f5cbacc73c45b208b28cee85236d415d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125120502]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125120502,"title":"Indeterminacy, Score, Performance","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125120502/Indeterminacy_Score_Performance","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"QUgzdk5pc2s2M1NUbGdrNmRNTFBIWVNmNFNib1FsYkttaXk1SFVIbytWST0tLU5SOExvVTlwd3ZEY0FGRXE0MS9hbXc9PQ==--c01ce6c12b94e6e82f6acc56582defed0f24781b"},"attachments":[{"id":119220338,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220338/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"lev_manovich.halo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220338/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Indeterminacy_Score_Performance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119220338/lev_manovich.halo-libre.pdf?1730158709=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIndeterminacy_Score_Performance.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=M7P8XGuFihS9U~x7GNanpLCvThASBPivfdvEu0MrAJohNJwcJGUXotys~qkaN80vNDcIcYMPy~tkZPUDeoSyy~JIJiwKvYuCKLf14~PcuMKPW8vHWjB8IPLYq5HrRfUB1Lx17aW1Va6Z3zw6RMs9BtiYVvBMHtnAFoge6v~4ieQH8~JfeAeH9mYxAoLVH7t5ZI3o3JAd-icH~mgm~Vbe6suMPXUVuz5l-oX568zdKgcfgdH-fv8AfGxEuKK9O--Zb02cw4cDYjPIa7Gw~7UMX5POGo-Vgg-kwGnUjAEyOkUYLc9tR~xkH8-4tJDFgT8p4knk3fHfJmdRxmGmYL5NdA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125120244"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120244/A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualization_to_Explore_MoMAs_Modernist_Photography_Collection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A View from Above: Using Data Visualization to Explore MoMA's Modernist Photography Collection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220486/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120244/A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualization_to_Explore_MoMAs_Modernist_Photography_Collection">A View from Above: Using Data Visualization to Explore MoMA's Modernist Photography Collection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Object:Photo. Modern Photographs: The Thomas Walther Collection 1909–1949. An Online Project of The Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art.</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The use of quantitative analysis and visualization for the study of cultural visual data allows u...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The use of quantitative analysis and visualization for the study of cultural visual data allows us to view cultural artifacts in new ways, to confirm and describe more precisely the existing understanding of historical developments, and, potentially, to reveal previously unnoticed patterns. This essay presents visualizations of photographs in the Thomas Walther Collection at The Museum of Modern Art, New York, in relation to the greater MoMA photography collection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that historical patterns in a large photography collection have been analyzed and visualized using quantitative computer techniques.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be2020a06004aa10e0defb7775da611c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119220486,"asset_id":125120244,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220486/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125120244"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125120244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120244]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125120244']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be2020a06004aa10e0defb7775da611c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125120244]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125120244,"title":"A View from Above: Using Data Visualization to Explore MoMA's Modernist Photography Collection","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125120244/A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualization_to_Explore_MoMAs_Modernist_Photography_Collection","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"ZkVpL2JiUTNZVmZTbEhXTnRuK1RmTDJmNU1QVC9NN1hnUkNMYWd2ZVB3az0tLVhqYjE5aFdXYmt0VFBIQVh0di9UNFE9PQ==--6ad82623313f38b696b61ee66c6e3e02781b7d86"},"attachments":[{"id":119220486,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220486/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich_Hochman.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220486/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualizati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119220486/Manovich_Hochman-libre.pdf?1730158691=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualizati.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=JgODkB4a3B7l8t8RXtyW5~Y71020VAfLMkDE7Jorc4BiR1rD-Pj1Yo1PENoOtnHUDm6Nc96vT13dGskUB8OtdmFxCacy5WII9iqi~EI9-iWO~7WjwhX3pJYKNEysEORTpb4vT9lHv~roAuoqY2flHHJz4YSFfEuY0iqLtVybsloDlaqTVhu3upSdyTpTlEAM6UdTYJ~cNedgEXuvp3JKvDJ53ueEFsM6pG5J7rXylZDkneU2RabkFRXGvHXFu1QBDsV505WjiRLz97EwXomWHWVqzjlpSljKXA9o1nc0b8oMU3KTx4bx6Ag0A3OKaN8B7C6qLy5~V94OJMoNA6g5Vw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124971852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124971852/Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Defining AI Arts: Three Proposals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119098612/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124971852/Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals">Defining AI Arts: Three Proposals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>"AI and Dialog of Cultures," exhibition catalog, Hermitage Museum, Saint-Petersburg.</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article proposes three distinct definitions of AI arts, examining the intersection of artifi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article proposes three distinct definitions of AI arts, examining the intersection of artificial intelligence and artistic creation. The first definition considers AI arts as computer-generated artifacts that professionals recognize as valid historical or contemporary art, though this approach faces challenges given the evolving nature of art's boundaries. The second definition analyzes the creative process itself, arguing that all computational art methods since the 1950s represent equally valid instances of AI arts, with the distinction lying in the degree of human control rather than the specific method employed. The third and most radical definition posits that true AI arts should transcend human cultural limitations, suggesting that instead of merely replicating historical patterns, AI should create novel aesthetic systems that go beyond humans' tendency to create art within consistent, predictable stylistic frameworks.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="afcb8efa5998090ea19e9ffcb02bdd27" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119098612,"asset_id":124971852,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119098612/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124971852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124971852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124971852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124971852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124971852]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124971852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124971852']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "afcb8efa5998090ea19e9ffcb02bdd27" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124971852]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124971852,"title":"Defining AI Arts: Three Proposals","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124971852/Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"VEFHbERzWjB5UkRUVFNPazEyMWtmbnJNM0VLK21XUGI5bzA1QjZIV0NVYz0tLThtZnY3cUVBTGU0NHBtc1BzTHRjMEE9PQ==--7805df4f3b0fe3e2e1af52379ffc7cca231100a6"},"attachments":[{"id":119098612,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119098612/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"manovich.defining_ai_arts.2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119098612/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119098612/manovich.defining_ai_arts.2019-libre.pdf?1729921250=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDefining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=THhbkF8KEtz0-hdZ0WrdPVZBZCK4xXx2wJAQgrD22B3ddbQtS-mXwUE3xZbLRLSVWt-t9jK1SzfHtBS3foEQaB698gcEElaUknYypTB7Wt7jGMAzOIHe1HxFEstKfKJ4d7aP9ryeH5NZsacTT7n6HS91xa77iOoWQONhMi4VQ2tj6o10JXed2BB7~CsUyHHNIYYNsKfNfT2H7IewP6fc1ZnGqmORSiYM2TInclwtasNg5B6NQ5jvWi8c2IlBbUKqvzzxkFJPhl0AWhj6U3SW47JyIVKnJOwzBQTS6dqnYDVGRlhwqV92R67QO9QECjalIsXsH1UhIabNpaTophJ6GA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123426605"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123426605/From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative_AI_Museum"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Museum Without Walls to Generative AI Museum" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117860178/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123426605/From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative_AI_Museum">From Museum Without Walls to Generative AI Museum</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Photography, issue 116.</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We can now in principle create an infinite museum filled with endless AI-generated images that si...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We can now in principle create an infinite museum filled with endless AI-generated images that simulate artworks from every period in history, for all genres, artistic techniques and media. In fact, reference sites like Midlibrary that contain names of thousands of famous artists, architects, designers, and photographers that AI can confidently simulate are already such museums - but we can scale them up and expand the examples dramatically. GenAI is making possible, both theoretically and practically, a new type of universal "museum without walls."<br /><br />The question then arises: why would such an endeavor be interesting or valuable? One obvious possibility is to populate this museum with "additional" works by artists who actually existed, attempting to generate pieces that would be as historically probable as possible. This approach could provide insights into the potential evolution of an artist's style or explore "missing" works from certain periods of their career.<br /><br />A more intriguing application, however, is to explore alternative possible art histories. We can re-imagine art history (and history of culture in general) as a speculative discipline—similar in spirit to speculative fiction, alternative history, or speculative design. For example, we could generate works that imagine what a famous artist might have created if they had traveled to a different part of the world or immersed themselves in a vastly different culture. Another fascinating direction:examining the potential alternative paths an artist's style could have taken between two known periods of their work. We could even explore hypothetical collaborations, generating works that might have resulted if two unique but very different artists had worked together.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd9bcf0709d010f4b577d09f885eab9b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117860178,"asset_id":123426605,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117860178/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123426605"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123426605"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123426605; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123426605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123426605]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123426605; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123426605']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fd9bcf0709d010f4b577d09f885eab9b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123426605]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123426605,"title":"From Museum Without Walls to Generative AI Museum","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123426605/From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative_AI_Museum","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"cFlzQzBkSkROVWRPK2ZsOVhWc2V4MHlwUnFrZHE5RDFNVlZLK3lQUEZYVT0tLVh0T040OTk1Ymwvek5SWGVhbmJoVEE9PQ==--0941d9556d31ffb31fce6df2c2facc15f42658a2"},"attachments":[{"id":117860178,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117860178/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.Generative_Museum.2024.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117860178/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117860178/Manovich.Generative_Museum.2024-libre.pdf?1725164230=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrom_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=OrjPLpfmXqOa858rFurc~SdZwz9VihGfC9S3r45ibr2QcpgY4aKJxFO75YNtfpKlWGIMrnz5-MAFyW1QnX3QBMNaNHeX4DX0xcuyokuiFSmsC4zTkm7fs9565scI6iIvXE0tq7wfVgVjOflXNHJoIfpH4bknF1fMykQZhNOMf46uNs93vmRQ1jabesco6j8jPP4Mmm-2LnqE6h8SMh2S-1sEXWhCSxGYOPJMQvcQCBf9TjTPvTfwQ5ty5n3YUGSy~kEG2d9T1DTurC4g8LgE2z~isVXAjf0cvLnTPgWCbJSfp3gbXAB2n0~k~UXEW1f643RKiywA8DhOCYDkKMjTag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123400690"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123400690/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artist Book Anton Ginzburg TUD Lev Manovich" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117841025/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123400690/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich">Artist Book Anton Ginzburg TUD Lev Manovich</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Anton Ginzburg: Dresden Modular, exhibition catalog with essays by Lev Manovich, Gwendolyn Kremer, Rebekka Roschy, Axel Voigt and Anton Ginzburg (Sandstein Verlag, 2024).</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In its usual meaning, “modularity” refers to modules, i.e., standardized parts of units employed ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In its usual meaning, “modularity” refers to modules, i.e., standardized parts of units employed in design and architecture. Famous 20th-century examples of modular architecture include Plug-in City by Archigram (1964), Moshe Safdie’s Habitat 67, and Nakagin Capsule Tower by Kisho Kurokawa (1972). <br /> <br />I first used the term “modularity” in my book The Language of New Media (2001). The book proposed five principles of computational media; “modularity” was one of them. I noticed that digital artifacts are often made up of multiple components. When combined together in one artifact, these components keep their individual identities and can be assembled into other artifacts. <br /> <br />In this essay, I develop the concept further. Rather than only seeing it as a key feature of digital media, I suggest that "modularity" can be used as a general aesthetic category useful for the analysis of both historical and contemporary art. To test the usefulness of this extended concept, I will use it to discuss three projects by contemporary artist Anton Ginzburg created during his 2021 residency at the TUD Dresden University of Technology’s Schaufler Lab. <br /> <br />The two key terms that we have for understanding the organization of visual elements in art are "composition" and "montage." The limitation of these categories is that both assume certain aesthetics, so they are not neutral descriptions of a work's structure. The first is an older category that assumes harmony and coordination among elements making up the whole. The second is a modern category that assumes the parts produce strong contrast, conflict, and even dissonance. The modularity term, in my opinion, has the advantage of being more neutral and avoiding the introduction of additional assumptions into aesthetic analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4f734065c593dd4f243bb632582768f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117841025,"asset_id":123400690,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117841025/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123400690"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123400690"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123400690; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123400690]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123400690]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123400690; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123400690']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4f734065c593dd4f243bb632582768f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123400690]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123400690,"title":"Artist Book Anton Ginzburg TUD Lev Manovich","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123400690/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"UFR2NWJ3NFcxWUdlUFNUaXAxRnZqVWlQY2Z3dFFyYTlOdXRJcHNIYUs4bz0tLXFMYk5EZXFkYzZGblEzNkdoK2JCN2c9PQ==--7c391c19c6c234dd18559f95815f558fb7d29c00"},"attachments":[{"id":117841025,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117841025/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117841025/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manov.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117841025/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich-libre.pdf?1725082314=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manov.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=RjXuscKwUWYtDl-Mxmnxaa78lCZcmjB7MfT6W0lNl6sD~RHZcVzNOGLfXPJ00cNTkDMHRTJk48o9v7cMaIY0h4iUimfs4HPgE3ROuww04h3b-QTSjgxrDdTgQx5rr~1TElb8CViyXeYAcLCu~cbBCXByKVhcVVI6n8VsPL4yQKuCmi-1QkxGMuG4Ps8Z6SJwt3f2S-71Ydu46P7sb9eqdJkTjqb2wnqdd~u5sJoz5E7EONMWMD-m1DievJcCYFiVAgfXPJ9NjoMSPXANRReQmgI76nFHKQ1ySfCpL0B5ieOpe2hzkWUtWb-9EA5SVU2nidNP5eAe-mA6H60QnGbNpg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121948478"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121948478/Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 'Make it New': GenAI, Modernism, and Database Art" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116711144/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121948478/Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art">'Make it New': GenAI, Modernism, and Database Art</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trans-Spatial: Everything Tends to Be the Here and Now (publication by Nam June Paik Art Center)</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay discusses similarities between media and art creation using Generative AI today and a ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay discusses similarities between media and art creation using Generative AI today and a number of conceptually related artistic paradigms in the 20th century.  Although generative AI and modernist art appear to be opposites of each other (one was focused on "making it new," the other is based on training data of already existing art), in reality they are similar. While modernist artists explicitly opposed traditions, in reality they achieved innovation by reinterpreting and incorporating older art forms from other cultures. Similarly, generative AI tools allow the creation of new works because they are trained on massive databases of existing art and media. Therefore, making new art and media with GenAI fits into a long-standing tradition in modern art that involves creating new art from accumulations of existing artifacts. This tradition encompasses modernist collage and photomontage, post-modern bricolage, net art, and the pioneering media work of artists like Nam June Paik. Contemporary AI artists, such as Refik Anadol and Lev Pereulkov, exemplify the practice of using AI models trained on specific datasets to produce novel artworks that engage in a dialogue with historical art while introducing new aesthetic possibilities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf328164fc1670956acbfeff202e6039" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116711144,"asset_id":121948478,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116711144/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121948478"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121948478"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121948478; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121948478]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121948478]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121948478; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121948478']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bf328164fc1670956acbfeff202e6039" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121948478]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121948478,"title":"'Make it New': GenAI, Modernism, and Database Art","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121948478/Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"d3A0eEgyWHhoeG55cHk2bkZMSFNHTnNyWllQdDhrcjJWZjBLNjFtV0FGZz0tLUEyUE1aMkRaZVFEdnl2VUprYk5qT0E9PQ==--250be1250b3935476a52e38eb903033e85b7db91"},"attachments":[{"id":116711144,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116711144/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"_Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116711144/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116711144/_Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art-libre.pdf?1720666604=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMake_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=SVjUbufA95tQAhm56~-~Z1aHoN0sHnUJcK7CffmRlpgvoHoNroWlaV0Z-uuMIjxUoAfAZM82TFZaIgMvEA9Qo4Oul3fIP6I0nU0iKq1G9U46rROdai2F8eWhw8BNPrT0KmN4peiwUXwN3TaV0YeB2awpNiL767XhlrFqJ0-7xvrM-evLkpUMD0hznXTGArsBmEdSin8B8CDNpm52WwYnVhhj-bsqirgkrtgXay0voX9HhkQ79v5eTiHbeVZLddOiWGxaSucEoHlZOSnlTie9lgjf0rgPJ83lUeO4LPwwQbnoAuKNGj8mGHo26VSBY1TnhSaxXxlrgHDY-~5rTm9BaA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116733054"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116733054/Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_and_History_of_Digital_Media_chapter_7_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Separate and Reassemble: Generative AI and History of Digital Media (chapter 7 of Artificial Aesthetics)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112780356/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116733054/Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_and_History_of_Digital_Media_chapter_7_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_">Separate and Reassemble: Generative AI and History of Digital Media (chapter 7 of Artificial Aesthetics)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The use of terms: In this chapter, the terms generative media, synthetic media, or generative AI ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The use of terms: In this chapter, the terms generative media, synthetic media, or generative AI refer to the process of synthesizing media objects with artificial neural networks. The examples of such objects are include text, voice, music, 3D models, datasets, and computer code. The terms generative image, AI Image or visual AI refer to specially synthesized visual objects. These objects can be still images that imitate the appearance and structure of all types of visual media, from photographs to drawings, and also moving images that imitate appearances of animation and video. Artificial Aesthetics (Chapter 7)-2 Separate and Reassemble AI image represents a further logical evolution of the process that begins with digital media algorithms in the 1970s and continues in the following decades. The first computer paint programs were created in the 1970s, but could not yet simulate different paint types, brushes, and textured surfaces like canvas. But in the 1990s, software such as Coral 1 Painter (1991-) started to offer these features. Similarly, the first 3D computer graphics 2 algorithms for rendering solid shapes, Gouraud shading (1971) and Phong shading (1973), couldn't yet simulate the looks of different materials. Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, computer graphics researchers created numerous algorithms to simulate the appearance of various materials and textures, such as cloth, hair, and skin, as well as shadows, transparency, translucency, depth of field, lens flares, motion blur, reflections, water, smoke, fireworks, explosions, and other natural phenomena and cinematography techniques and effects. Simulating many of these phenomena and techniques requires multiple separate algorithms that were developed over time. Thus, we find distinct sessions devoted to such algorithms with names like Volumes and Materials, Fluid Simulation, or Cloth and Shells in the annual proceedings of SIGGRAPH, the main conference in CG field. As an 3 example, the paper "Predicting Loose-Fitting Garment Deformations Using Bone-Driven Motion Networks" presented in 2023 conference describes "a learning algorithm that uses bone-driven motion networks to predict the deformation of loose-fitting garment meshes at interactive rates." Another conference paper "Rendering Iridescent Rock Dove Neck Feathers" describes a new approach for modeling and rendering bird feathers; and so on.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ba72dc10b959fbdfceb17ceb5adfa89" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112780356,"asset_id":116733054,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112780356/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116733054"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116733054"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116733054; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116733054]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116733054]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116733054; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116733054']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5ba72dc10b959fbdfceb17ceb5adfa89" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116733054]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116733054,"title":"Separate and Reassemble: Generative AI and History of Digital Media (chapter 7 of Artificial Aesthetics)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116733054/Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_and_History_of_Digital_Media_chapter_7_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"eTdUVys0OVBIV3dBb1dBa1ErWWtPUC9tRXhvWlBOQVlYQmlnQU5EUzJjTT0tLVlBNVpyRzJpQXdZcitMbFVoWXlsMUE9PQ==--17404f99529f1753141e37c555b3092497e8f5eb"},"attachments":[{"id":112780356,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112780356/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"manovich_artificial_aesthetics_ch7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112780356/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112780356/manovich_artificial_aesthetics_ch7-libre.pdf?1711488661=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeparate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=AcvUmSJ~OziCsKi2HEGbma-0CusLP0YkrxBTAWywZQJUsBrfDuFdTSdQttQ75Wn0pnD6LbJXQUfnkoR-4IrSdc2WVX~vw22803hnlMAzive0TCitnLRn6vZjCuwOQHLpNtqlXBfJlr2e4YSo2kkr-9LmyQVUZ26Rj~8iV~wW49CTZ96~S6EFBvVtljQTIS502mfWaUIkcOdIfZuny1PTB~MUt0SLlQXJQXgPmIyyV80y53dwguH9Iq43CFEzA-8ptp8p4o7NHdBWfemlTnhXNKGjgkaFjllipJtt5aoI61C6xGxxW2NlM2ICkXayRKgKFyvq-8Kt9y8S950bBeg9AA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116285150"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116285150/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Instagram as a narrative platform" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112458947/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116285150/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform">Instagram as a narrative platform</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>First Monday</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Even though Instagram has been the subject of numerous studies, none of them have systematically ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Even though Instagram has been the subject of numerous studies, none of them have systematically investigated its potential as a narrative medium. This article argues that Instagram's narrative capabilities are comparable to those of literature and film. To support our claims, we analyze a number of prominent female Instagram creators and demonstrate how they employ the platform's diverse features, functionalities, and interface to create multi-year biographical narratives. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of theories developed in literary and film studies in analyzing Instagram's narrative capabilities. By employing Bakhtin's influential chronotope concept, we examine in depth how these narratives make specific use of space and time. Additionally, we compare time construction in film and Instagram narratives using the cinema studies' theory of narrative time in movies. <br /><a href="https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/12497" rel="nofollow">https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/12497</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7c3e7757add19c973f24efbb77488c56" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112458947,"asset_id":116285150,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112458947/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116285150"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116285150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116285150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116285150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116285150]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116285150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116285150']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7c3e7757add19c973f24efbb77488c56" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116285150]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116285150,"title":"Instagram as a narrative platform","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116285150/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"Ukl5TTEvTkxyeU9wbi9mRmFJcVFLbk0vRytJcXQxalRDdzdTclF3Ukd6TT0tLXhtZkxZeExsclJtU2dHb2lOdWZRbGc9PQ==--15f282c15e05d1ca1325aab7958286690e849c96"},"attachments":[{"id":112458947,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112458947/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112458947/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112458947/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform-libre.pdf?1710564386=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInstagram_as_a_narrative_platform.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=FOOq3ZQvEQvaQguX3IoUgTzZOgTn5WfcEJk-xdc5lFuPa9e9NOBZLlLp5RxOi6b3w1NkxK-0xxYmstZZTD9ED3j6aqGpp5dd1pISOeE7pOpJS~fQ31TntU~w4LloUyiMUX9GWU8kX5dsZsTbspgNW6VZYhBtnbMs1HLZRF5lmUPym0X-DA-xE3szEfoO1hnGz-r6eEaZfgAKcF9BCEh~YUh47Br9sWQbDLoYuVyAdbjuqsSCSFZUrXSa4fpq5GBa3QWr25lDMYWi1V2Y1UsURlQ0SG0Hk5WR3aJLy0jqZ1K1V1Xr3q9Nw~WNrFdEusl4b6Lb7oHy9z7ydkyBic~gPA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113512121"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113512121/Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze_Chapter_6_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_Generative_AI_Art_and_Visual_Media_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human Perception and The Artificial Gaze (Chapter 6 of Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art and Visual Media)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110452545/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113512121/Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze_Chapter_6_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_Generative_AI_Art_and_Visual_Media_">Human Perception and The Artificial Gaze (Chapter 6 of Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art and Visual Media)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Artificial Aesthetics: Chapter 6</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">While we do not expect that an artificial system sees and “thinks” like a human being, it must ha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">While we do not expect that an artificial system sees and “thinks” like a human being, it must have nevertheless a sense of how humans perceive and react. This touches on what I define in Chapter 8 as the problem of “AI alignment” in the context of aesthetics. This also requires an understanding of the limits and biases natural to human perception and cognition. Artificial systems can analyze data beyond human capabilities, but it remains crucial for them to be able to take into account the typical modalities of human perception. For example, when an AI system trained in object recognition fails to discern details in an image, we might conclude that either the system lacks sophistication or the image is excessively blurred or noisy. However, in the realm of human aesthetic experience, moments of confusion are not necessarily flaws to be fixed. Often, an object captivates our interest precisely because it poses a perceptual or cognitive challenge, such as ambiguity or indeterminacy. Artistic techniques like defamiliarization (ostranenie) thrive on uncertainty and interpretative instability, sparking the viewer’s curiosity and attention. Unlike in AI, where ambiguity might be a problem to solve, in aesthetics, ambiguity is a feature. An artwork’s aesthetic richness often lies in its resistance to a singular interpretation, remaining open to multiple readings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d1d4b0f5b3328b9f26c4796fb729e2d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110452545,"asset_id":113512121,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110452545/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113512121"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113512121"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113512121; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113512121]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113512121]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113512121; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113512121']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6d1d4b0f5b3328b9f26c4796fb729e2d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113512121]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113512121,"title":"Human Perception and The Artificial Gaze (Chapter 6 of Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art and Visual Media)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113512121/Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze_Chapter_6_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_Generative_AI_Art_and_Visual_Media_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"QnA1UkNBR292Skl3Y2c4bE11ZVlVd1NVajhPdXYyWjZ3c2RIQkVQT3lIRT0tLVlPMkh3eEgzdFhpVithT1NOZER6WGc9PQ==--3de350c580e4611eff99285db58c59cb9fb2681a"},"attachments":[{"id":110452545,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110452545/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Emanuele_Arielli_and_Lev_Manovich.AI_Aesthetics_book.Chapter_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110452545/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/110452545/Emanuele_Arielli_and_Lev_Manovich.AI_Aesthetics_book.Chapter_6-libre.pdf?1705312896=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHuman_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=U8NYlRQ58ZMuRr~mba3EI86p8aqaUpHe4VKEebjwcf5AcnaiQMpS64HhejwLkpXhZBRoi9n2CCGIDIrHfsFEDkjdpjWF3oZ8UJ~2k79GdtbelcDxhIV7OJ9OaG6T64BKm1wEUsRwo60h54P82r9waBHRVsea1Gx4cfZZxNZcYlfXCjpkllNLbOHWVq7I-gBR6ReP5~DgOH3kpczksO0xrkXKCkHTVeNmseNCU0PWxjcNTeGoEhDoKvgoShtDH3qablhUZW6nNbr3quhNmUtX1brJIfC5VPLL7Mr9bnAQmsPeqTMRWFL-9lIX-s5oHwkGL21eFvYM29ojlJKcCyBkmg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643191"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643191/MEMORY_DRAW"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MEMORY, DRAW" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809995/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643191/MEMORY_DRAW">MEMORY, DRAW</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Lev Manovich. MEMORY, DRAW. Images and texts presented in a solo exhibition | Seoul, South Korea...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Lev Manovich. MEMORY, DRAW. <br />Images and texts presented in a solo exhibition | Seoul, South Korea. <br />12/20/2023 - 02/16/2024. <br /> <br />The exhibition presents a selection of my digital images from 2023 and also a few of my early drawings (1978-1985). The title of the exhibition refers to the use of generative AI as a "memory machine." AI models extract information from existing cultural material during the training process, constructing a new historical archive. And when we probe inside this archive, asking AI tools to generate scenes from a specific historical period or place, or to create something unique, the results are frequently idealized, generic imagery, or bland. For me, using generative AI is a constant battle against this fundamental limitation of this medium. The introductory texts in this catalog some of the techniques I employ to push AI to generate more subtle, delicate, and ambitious images that I prefer. <br /> <br />The title of the exhibition also refers to a number of my works on paper from the early 1980s, which are displayed as digital prints in this exhibition. These drawings were created following my emigration from the Soviet Union in 1981 (seethe "Closed Word" section of the catalog). <br /> <br />Finally, the exhibition title alludes to "Memory, Speak," the title of a 1951 memoir by Vladimir Nabokov, a famousRussian emigrant writer.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="940f3fb278c28dce1b4cde39b55c5a81" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109809995,"asset_id":112643191,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809995/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643191"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643191"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643191; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643191]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643191; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643191']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "940f3fb278c28dce1b4cde39b55c5a81" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643191]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643191,"title":"MEMORY, DRAW","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643191/MEMORY_DRAW","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OUU3c0c1cGY1Mm53M2xkTFVCdExBREpyR3VZaTJYY2VpbXFGZTVOMkdzST0tLUcxdDEyNWdKRE1kNWNCMm1BVWltZWc9PQ==--c432c0b3fb997bed5156c8940a4143f602b38e72"},"attachments":[{"id":109809995,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809995/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich.Memory_Draw.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809995/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"MEMORY_DRAW.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809995/Lev_Manovich.Memory_Draw-libre.pdf?1703990119=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMEMORY_DRAW.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=QYyMFftldtycm1StaT8hXbf1IwWa3W6oFQI4gHAKCBErW3VBltW4c-hn33gaRM4-dfmhKyH6HCHyHV2a-Cs6kkWIbflv-uqHV62DLZahoNRaTyPBFOLRHAJkN-lkRJ7w1t-mojBa3SN32VJLTK8tZgLquneHCSUdSdsfXMUQNuxeoGVgmXFC-sVJtTNXUT71CgOpiHBn9NhJnNTUclkPT9J~HwWc67hJeLZB5pt625omRwz-TBWy1JoHmMCJiOlstD~-Us82U4NgahCLAcxqAf651k3GXntICbQBIyywtkswSgWH1lgRxL73sJY94szWCUn9deTBm3isPmcX5LzVEA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109991543"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109991543/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Survive_Generative_AI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Letter to a Young Artist: How to Survive Generative AI?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107948259/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109991543/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Survive_Generative_AI">A Letter to a Young Artist: How to Survive Generative AI?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The key difference between me, a human, and generative AI: I am limited, but AI is unlimited. Yes...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The key difference between me, a human, and generative AI: I am limited, but AI is unlimited. Yes, of course: it has significant limits now, in practice. But it advances fast, and what it can already do today is beyond what we could have imagined a year ago. Instead of dwelling on what AI can’t do at this particular moment, it is safer to assume that it “can” will only multiply. <br /> <br />Because of how human skills, learning and memory works, I have limitations.  I don’t have knowledge of the immense “museum without walls" distributed over the web and museum databases. But AI can. And it will only get better. I can’t simply sit down and start writing summaries of numerous topics in the history of culture. AI can. “I can’t… but AI can.” (Endless other examples can be added.) So why make art now? And what art will still be meaningful to make?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb24efec1757657128b9c48eb9ecdaf5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107948259,"asset_id":109991543,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107948259/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109991543"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109991543"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109991543; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109991543]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109991543]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109991543; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109991543']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eb24efec1757657128b9c48eb9ecdaf5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109991543]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109991543,"title":"A Letter to a Young Artist: How to Survive Generative AI?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109991543/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Survive_Generative_AI","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"NWk4ZnE3cHFlMERCZkE2TjJVQUpkRzFCY3d1d2NKZXdnR1RZYjZoaDRrUT0tLUdhN1NqV0Y2UVpmcmZCbG1GSVdtUnc9PQ==--243041a4725840bc186102f7586371a764d31305"},"attachments":[{"id":107948259,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107948259/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107948259/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Surviv.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107948259/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist-libre.pdf?1701142216=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Surviv.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=YTTHnFAS442dgmeFxeYrMy2ml-iCakLalPhua6y10hpKYK88SWz6UKS1mBHBRpIO9XwOAROh1tFkaP-UJ0D~WImVbtVb~6v7gU-eiL7mo6Jl167wWqlconULj6XTTlSW8HMF7wDsg4bjN9qnY8TJm2uXR3Ef5KcfaO~-jfaseQj-4n7s1vIV6hY-AnDHdRmMPXwdUjU-~RDWazvXBIQcZo-gvXhqVmBCCQ85DAX6zdSXmLPrccKyJmIJL6DW307FuhJVqVSeLFKcKfpRnYgm89XnwOM7gWgJ02sbELSj~4RE3xRXfpxyY3SotCof3YRDI2csjiu3L7Y1JrTAZ9iE0w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105501269"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105501269/Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive_2023"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lev Manovich AI Brain in the Cultural Archive 2023" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104938495/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105501269/Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive_2023">Lev Manovich AI Brain in the Cultural Archive 2023</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MoMA magazine</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The AI Brain in the Cultural Archive (Notes on Refik Anondol Unsupervised AI art project for MoM...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The AI Brain in the Cultural Archive <br />(Notes on Refik Anondol Unsupervised AI art project for MoMA, and connections between generative AI and artistic methods of the 19th and 20th century.) <br /><br />Shorter version of this text published in MoMA magazine, July 21, 2023. Another version was included in Chapter 5 of "Artificial Aesthetics" book.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="98cfc44475e465c0f31af69b499e92cb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104938495,"asset_id":105501269,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104938495/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105501269"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105501269"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105501269; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105501269]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105501269]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105501269; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105501269']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "98cfc44475e465c0f31af69b499e92cb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105501269]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105501269,"title":"Lev Manovich AI Brain in the Cultural Archive 2023","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105501269/Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive_2023","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"VHFmWllqcFBkVFEwSGlCcDRsWklReEFwbjF4N1NIRVA0dUNjT0lJL0huaz0tLUlFN0VmU0N2NXJXYWNkNHkwN0M1THc9PQ==--c68b893f8335aba6703377bf3ab2f278e9d4ecf9"},"attachments":[{"id":104938495,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104938495/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich.AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive.2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104938495/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Ar.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104938495/Lev_Manovich.AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive.2023-libre.pdf?1691805446=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Ar.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=H6gC-iZ6eUdNtNoH75J4Pi8lbZ0r1DIxdQkn8QJnuFgJJ7QVY0mEgpS9sT3rfqd1rRxPBRFoH7mPPCtIHBQPcD4hmpKmYU3f8pGg8Zw1CvWQC6LoPSrkdmzhHJ-oAw~38TD0zMxJflZU06tzn-sRZDZqefLDbPgSiQ-KGA8~AWXvMR~W4kSRWiRId~4OiUrUF7Jtb74qcRdDDG7U6xdEM8rVKb-KIl~j4Xyxfy-fx1dHa4bgaKhAiwhLkT0YNGt2u6ykEtskYW8W3vxJ~t910s445d-wtxD6enB~aZDFsvsxXVL8-SztzHIqJl2~2WeHgoyEryHWLIYfxUHneLYmow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="103020040"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/103020040/Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Towards "General Artistic Intelligence"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103137730/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/103020040/Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence_">Towards "General Artistic Intelligence"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Art Basel: https://www.artbasel.com/stories/lev-manovich</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Geoffrey Hinton, the ‘Godfather of AI,’ recently predicted that so-called general artificial inte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Geoffrey Hinton, the ‘Godfather of AI,’ recently predicted that so-called general artificial intelligence could emerge within 20 years. This term refers to a hypothetical future AI that can perform any cognitive task that a human can. This statement begs the question: how long will it take before we see the emergence of general artistic intelligence? And what should such hypothetical general artistic AI be capable of?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="deb0eb294bdb89d0dc3754ed773de12c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":103137730,"asset_id":103020040,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103137730/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="103020040"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="103020040"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103020040; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103020040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103020040]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103020040; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='103020040']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "deb0eb294bdb89d0dc3754ed773de12c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=103020040]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":103020040,"title":"Towards \"General Artistic Intelligence\"","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103020040/Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"UzQ4M3d4VGhGRXVqelNXNUhvd2x0ck5xQk1Uamw3bXF2N3BYZUhNak54MD0tLTEzYnVJOWF0cWk3RlNBUzRLRWV4VEE9PQ==--55559883d8f6941cd729cd05a7f678a2b7212eca"},"attachments":[{"id":103137730,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103137730/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.General_Artistic_Intelligence.2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103137730/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/103137730/Manovich.General_Artistic_Intelligence.2023-libre.pdf?1686174296=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTowards_General_Artistic_Intelligence.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=I7SrVlWVcPKrSOHCHRmcm4pzcVq6YtQkyeYMG~3zet~A5eii9XuVfwquDlUBSRHq9T3uYsetnyhpqL3LmWmSBC9-TQ596wDWApd2RcDUjHvVXjOLohrWoKDgVS89~4hMDNY38vEv16joQv~JBuKyt45aLcTOSv~RSoUpvmzrZbuFl~M4XwPwA2jA~gn72STIuhUR2H8TLqZgseHOzIII12Ipji5fZMHRDMs~tbgWaeNDWTfk9SdNfmRGlBIgkWGFW1kbE03YZS48SjYaSsDJfoHyLiwE1U6jDYQMoyvfyYTVXuFV-mHI59MYlVrukmcrZ3nfXApZzGxO1Vls6~Z60A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101256302"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101256302/Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Generative_Media_Chapter_5_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seven Arguments about AI Images and Generative Media (Chapter 5 of Artificial Aesthetics)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101847532/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101256302/Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Generative_Media_Chapter_5_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_">Seven Arguments about AI Images and Generative Media (Chapter 5 of Artificial Aesthetics)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Artificial Aesthetics</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I describe a number of characteristics of AI visual generative media in its current forms that I ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I describe a number of characteristics of AI visual generative media in its current forms that I believe are particularly significant or novel. Some of my arguments also apply to generative media in general, but most focus on visual media. The analysis reflects my own experience of using a few popular AI image tools, such as Midjourney and Stable Diffusion, almost every day from the middle of 2022 until now.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="64f7532780aa795485373bebf18889db" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101847532,"asset_id":101256302,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101847532/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101256302"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101256302"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101256302; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101256302]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101256302]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101256302; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101256302']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "64f7532780aa795485373bebf18889db" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101256302]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101256302,"title":"Seven Arguments about AI Images and Generative Media (Chapter 5 of Artificial Aesthetics)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101256302/Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Generative_Media_Chapter_5_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"UXd1YjJXNE0wNXMxZDVPVmZBdy9FK09wODNxMEU5TGExd1VoREdabjlVZz0tLXFLQVZDMGdya1JZaGF4Z3pud2puM2c9PQ==--3cf6705630e148f3866ddebc8eba8552006e53be"},"attachments":[{"id":101847532,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101847532/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich._AI_Aesthetics_Chapter_5.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101847532/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Gene.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/101847532/Lev_Manovich._AI_Aesthetics_Chapter_5-libre.pdf?1683243786=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Gene.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=flKbOD4AzWLZExAgVw4PxUN~SOuqkYXGr4zg905wfMECJ9a22LiWrETDuXe7pAaXHeLKsZNl2OvXv8f1~gCgVlA0jBANP8bPs9Ll-yHrSf~v5GR3x63Rl~j07YhD0eRslkagrWxF1U4D8FrHgfCVZDikTFtCvBJza1Qs0DYMwC38l8mhacc9YpLn8lykZ7jfcxr2m5t9sQ~qevGLjo8u0ElMiXuUvhXfvQ-Htd00Hw7qHt4RjDQvmDJfE1CX0dTtczb0yz4n5AZ-j-7rdP3m1-XKfVzv132RW1WHs4EPORIsEJdd1rj23qP2KtrNd8dazSLNrl-DxKHE0A22RtuJBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91941712"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91941712/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2007" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95086431/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91941712/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007">Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2007</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This publication contains all articles I wrote between 1991 and 2007 (65 articles, 288,000 words)...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This publication contains all articles I wrote between 1991 and 2007 (65 articles, 288,000 words). We reformatted all articles in the same way and assembled them into a single text document. This is a PDF version of this file. You can download another version of this PDF where TOC is interactive - you can click on any title and you will be taken to this text in the file: <br /><a href="http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/lev-manovich-all-articles-1991-2007" rel="nofollow">http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/lev-manovich-all-articles-1991-2007</a> <br /><br />You can also download text file version and HTML versions at the same URL.<br /><br />The text version uses minimal Markdown markup. It can be opened in any text editor, and you can also easily convert it in any other format such as .docx or ebook. If you use a text editor that understands markup, the text file will be nicely formatted. Examples of such editors include Ulysses, Typora, Draft, IA Writer, Obsidian. <br /><br />(The second part of this publication with all 2008-2022 articles will come out in a few months).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b580d0a609bf0ce094387dab9acd72f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95086431,"asset_id":91941712,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95086431/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91941712"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91941712"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91941712; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91941712]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91941712]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91941712; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91941712']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b580d0a609bf0ce094387dab9acd72f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91941712]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91941712,"title":"Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2007","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91941712/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"RWN2TEQxVmZqWVNDVEM5eWlSMUs1TlVKS2RFRkNmSTM1NDBuMm1TZ2hZUT0tLW1ockJpbDhnaGN5bjdEczZwdFpQblE9PQ==--b88e56f4a038e5d2b0bd3abf292d0c831ddfab71"},"attachments":[{"id":95086431,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95086431/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1992_2007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95086431/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95086431/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1992_2007.pdf?1669837770=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=geAm4tWq4Womm9jjsvdUYA8JOmNNq29InY1TOmFKkpVdah09QupD-6040Xxj1sBBeI2PTINZdudglCuNMYrQEnORpJat3sJFBswwdUFJYslMPo43Cny3V~w3rCwIDFJI42NCR1H14F6qrsr548STz2QIg1SHne6qFvdPBCA-FujSFR4jrCXFvUuA5Y1~J5kk7cpeVkH4j5~YzlFKlZGPF7x2e~YutG6VG7bSKqlQgWSM2fkyPL3X8BCKwpW~qFcRyY9JtxLIjDyBAVfX07hbZlCHeg-Ia9pvyVjSV-wJv7TB0CqqcKNNke6kZ3khVPwNuhX9mCcPfhTSzirbCHnzwQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83852399"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83852399/AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_Myth_of_Creativity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of AI Aesthetics and the Anthropocentric Myth of Creativity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89065799/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83852399/AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_Myth_of_Creativity">AI Aesthetics and the Anthropocentric Myth of Creativity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nodes</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Suppose human creativity could be potentially replicated by mechanical processes. In that case, w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Suppose human creativity could be potentially replicated by mechanical processes. In that case, we would face a crossroads: either we could give up using the concept of creativity altogether, or if we hold to our common understanding of what creativity is, we could agree to apply this concept to non-human phenomena as well, as world champion Lee Sedol did when judging the performance of AlphaGo. However, the idea that artificial creativity discloses the mechanic nature of human creativity should also be met with a bit of critical detachment, particularly if we consider the specific case of the arts. In fact, artificial reproductions of human artifacts do not follow the same processes with which humans actually produced those artifacts. Nobody thinks that Mondrian followed procedures similar to the algorithm used in 1966 that generated pseudo-Mondrian, even though the public appreciated the artificial images more than the original ones....</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1d561882d092891769d28f1010e79f6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89065799,"asset_id":83852399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89065799/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83852399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83852399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83852399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83852399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83852399]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83852399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83852399']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e1d561882d092891769d28f1010e79f6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83852399]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83852399,"title":"AI Aesthetics and the Anthropocentric Myth of Creativity","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83852399/AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_Myth_of_Creativity","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OEpVNTNJZFUwaWNlbDdDZGRnZ1NKRmd6MjV0WDZFcDRYUGE5MUVjbHhibz0tLVZENjUyYVR0bFdMdmwvdkEwRVZ2TXc9PQ==--77094093c7f2a2c26b64f462573895bd25f6fe9a"},"attachments":[{"id":89065799,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89065799/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"LM_EA_paper_for_Nodes.ready.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89065799/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_My.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89065799/LM_EA_paper_for_Nodes.ready-libre.pdf?1658999386=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_My.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=CsMMUoJAeZMUwvLQ7cg6ykkwh7rgB4RvIat1YM-f-ZLnGQumgTVc~ZAyXk9r19T3tuFTtz4DLgiGfmrgor80XXppbqnsOsRG3Qb9q9XV3ZLUj9-dGc8j4S16cEvVrXpg9l~Urjw-8nfP0eNbnyruujywDTa-fM9hR0WYRYg8gR32HgqCB9GqGJdwLE-XLazy~P6x7qicBmc5Sc4ZAHqTlZo3j1xNpYdjDXAQPD1Q80DRHhjk15ug3DNxsX2GGwlWqlnRY-6zVaPV1qO9s2YTqll9kbBwnz5WEsRsAwy2x8qSWNYWdWre24MWTi59ytJ0VBv2ge-AvhlA8DBxZXsMAg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2305715" id="articles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127042534"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127042534/Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters_in_one_PDF_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Aesthetics (All book chapters in one PDF)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120836365/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127042534/Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters_in_one_PDF_">Artificial Aesthetics (All book chapters in one PDF)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our book uses approaches from eight fields. Emanuele brings perspectives from aesthetics, philoso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our book uses approaches from eight fields. Emanuele brings perspectives from aesthetics, philosophy of art, cognitive science, and psychology of art. Lev contributes perspectives from media theory, digital culture studies, digital humanities, and computer science, as well as his four decades of experience as an artist creating digital media, including recent work with generative AI. This is the first time all these different perspectives have been combined to analyze cultural AI. <br /> <br />We started working on the book in the summer of 2019, exchanging many messages, commenting on each other's ideas, and sharing section drafts. While each chapter is written by a single author, it incorporates our ongoing discussions. <br /> <br />Given the rapid evolution of generative AI and its wide-reaching impact on art and culture, we made the decision to release each chapter online as soon as it was finished. The first chapter was released in December 2021, and the last one in September 2024. After all chapters were completed, we did some further editing and released the final version as a single PDF. <br /> <br />-- Lev Manovich and Emanuele Arielli, November 2021 – October 2024.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d6f74018042aad5f9f07e45a62516fdd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120836365,"asset_id":127042534,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120836365/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127042534"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127042534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127042534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127042534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127042534]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127042534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127042534']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d6f74018042aad5f9f07e45a62516fdd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127042534]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127042534,"title":"Artificial Aesthetics (All book chapters in one PDF)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127042534/Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters_in_one_PDF_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OGtueTNTbzU5eVUxSysxQUFDNmNwUGpPZlFlOTVuQ1BqWHlVMytQWHpRQT0tLTBPZzkrU1VjbnRLdSs3d0VlK2RBdnc9PQ==--740d94eeac53eb5695bbf6d2f52341cdb757fb85"},"attachments":[{"id":120836365,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120836365/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich_and_Arielli_Artificial_Aesthetics.All_chapters_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120836365/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/120836365/Manovich_and_Arielli_Artificial_Aesthetics.All_chapters_final-libre.pdf?1736946697=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtificial_Aesthetics_All_book_chapters.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=RFSk0dzIT9J~ivMmfR4E7-WIlYC9Q8bg9Pm6XumDGOSgLCZ67yvVwL1ztn1V54wyyxpmaY5mLHra1HPpS-pH~0qzCjNouas-FCmBjSiQd6kvonD2wXqQwFu8tP9uPfLkjuoTKDK8IFIgSezVvu5TJctaJ67QjtAwkt52keyxhapvMF-wO~~Xcrt0nZ5AoBSLJR0U3Y8xDwnPRmDPYETvKBxx~xaoqpChHdKAWtND1s6grOjGmHWu72ru8GOxqNUI~ndAEp3tLuumeMd80uA1Q2vbu~Kp5WnNBcD4WsOnrjMusTO0eTkHsUoze9seof5fj0qk1an6yWiu78E0L3y5wA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125071273"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071273/From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the_books_Artificial_aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Tools to Authors (Chapter 8th of the books "Artificial aesthetics", Manovich, Arielli)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180633/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071273/From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the_books_Artificial_aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_">From Tools to Authors (Chapter 8th of the books "Artificial aesthetics", Manovich, Arielli)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">aesthetics-book "If you heard someone playing the piano, would you ask: 'Is the piano the artist?...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">aesthetics-book "If you heard someone playing the piano, would you ask: 'Is the piano the artist?' No. So, same thing here. Just because it is a complicated mechanism, it doesn't change the roles […] The typewriter enables someone to write a book. For me, the keyboard enables me to write code, […] there are neural networks involved that maybe you could say that they are my brushes that I learn to use."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="788f2d3472b4c8e28860a9bd3a1b3595" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119180633,"asset_id":125071273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180633/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125071273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125071273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071273; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071273]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071273]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071273; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125071273']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "788f2d3472b4c8e28860a9bd3a1b3595" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125071273]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125071273,"title":"From Tools to Authors (Chapter 8th of the books \"Artificial aesthetics\", Manovich, Arielli)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125071273/From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the_books_Artificial_aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_","owner_id":2996375,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2996375,"first_name":"Emanuele","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Arielli","page_name":"EmanueleArielli","domain_name":"iuav","created_at":"2013-01-01T03:28:50.801-08:00","display_name":"Emanuele Arielli","url":"https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli","email":"TXBNMi9PTEVmR0FpSGNZcjBYUk9xTnpwT1RFbnoxM3QxbFRHRmlLL3pQRm95TTJmQnVKRW9zOTVFdFZGai9IaC0tWnF1TXFjbFVSekJ4S0pvZDRjWDV6Zz09--f936044b594aef40b67dc08ce956814dc05a8e26"},"attachments":[{"id":119180633,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180633/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180633/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"From_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119180633/arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_8-libre.pdf?1730025029=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrom_Tools_to_Authors_Chapter_8th_of_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=DycLCJraiazGVwKBExJSuk3P7OsICkCYV2WHxom-4~VuCunMdlunH0vB6uDFmAIBaeRenpg~NaoYgzW~~Bf60fcTPNtNBfeQv~SZuNiCaAtcXZUIdD50YhJdhA8lINtIBAwjpaFZ2jt9KYUdVbb~xvJbKREdnwsfFmYi4eTSgdIDublKctGfB6MuhA~bTq~e~wHpJhDYl3Z~Yjkmh9MFWqtk4FSDSxlpm18kyni6S13xtSHUFrKvG86hkG0ncz27LlJdOGQq-4n7TRmRRPHjsR40ut2T2g3fOl0e7dD9kHXqA31aU1Tqr83gQrqteRHjB9I0rmLO7YyJgtujEFXS4w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125071377"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071377/Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aesthetic_alignment_Chapter_9_of_the_book_Artificial_Aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Made by and for humans? The issue of aesthetic alignment (Chapter 9 of the book "Artificial Aesthetics"; Manovich, Arielli)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180713/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125071377/Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aesthetic_alignment_Chapter_9_of_the_book_Artificial_Aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_">Made by and for humans? The issue of aesthetic alignment (Chapter 9 of the book "Artificial Aesthetics"; Manovich, Arielli)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This is the final chapter of the book you find here https://manovich.net/index.php/projects/artif...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This is the final chapter of the book you find here <a href="https://manovich.net/index.php/projects/artificial-aesthetics" rel="nofollow">https://manovich.net/index.php/projects/artificial-aesthetics</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c8dea9339d3d2c52e2d6f5ee7a50931" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119180713,"asset_id":125071377,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180713/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125071377"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125071377"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071377; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071377]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125071377]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125071377; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125071377']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c8dea9339d3d2c52e2d6f5ee7a50931" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125071377]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125071377,"title":"Made by and for humans? The issue of aesthetic alignment (Chapter 9 of the book \"Artificial Aesthetics\"; Manovich, Arielli)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125071377/Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aesthetic_alignment_Chapter_9_of_the_book_Artificial_Aesthetics_Manovich_Arielli_","owner_id":2996375,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2996375,"first_name":"Emanuele","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Arielli","page_name":"EmanueleArielli","domain_name":"iuav","created_at":"2013-01-01T03:28:50.801-08:00","display_name":"Emanuele Arielli","url":"https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli","email":"ZWZKdXRFMkZMWC84dy8xZHNlS3U0V1BsL2toMXpJelR1ZFlYWU4vU05XQTlnWUpLYlVXSWdZRW14eEFQUFFxcC0tcjJEVFJJYlJnMzdmRDc2ZWZCRlBYUT09--dc181a159036e57d54f7612e6aa345b2f38f3cbf"},"attachments":[{"id":119180713,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119180713/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_9.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119180713/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Made_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aest.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119180713/arielli_artificial_aesthetics.chapter_9-libre.pdf?1730025019=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMade_by_and_for_humans_The_issue_of_aest.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=Xw2vzYFj4gp9xGDvYumXsnxHEoYh32b-fvBw7VI2LPD2IAsBesGAJXqawN5vNlh1dVzD5j5M2n7Z17sbFfZO2gf-J4UkfFbELqUXxk5kUhCBX8IforvKwb5mxObM6ueJ0RfehkQqX6W3powzeMLQn0V887MjX6Sv27q1M6wpfJHSvay0ia56nI8ymnVi0IxMABiFlT8oPIFbQCpleCwVx7lpNiFA1fk~5b7dLItQzl0wDeGOkqIKWUWcqFCbW~AZFmKLO4HgS1itNluz1noZrmySLSPck0JGJWbQDY75TMcjib5Xd~ZJWBzFO4CjwnTDRHLB70-nxBWyLMmkr4gcQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125120661"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120661/YouTube_and_Film_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of YouTube and Film Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220441/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120661/YouTube_and_Film_Theory">YouTube and Film Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Iskusstvo Kino, 5/6.</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines the relationship between YouTube and film theory, arguing that the emergenc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines the relationship between YouTube and film theory, arguing that the emergence of social media platforms, particularly YouTube, has created unprecedented opportunities for studying cinematic language and its various dialects. While 20th-century film theorists were limited by access to a relatively small number of films and expensive production requirements, today's digital platforms provide access to millions of videos across different genres, styles, and purposes. The author suggests that this vast collection of content enables researchers to apply statistical approaches to film analysis, similar to David Bordwell's statistical theory of classical Hollywood cinema, but on a much larger scale. This abundance of material allows for the study of multiple "cinematic dialects" and their evolution in real-time, illuminating the diverse ways cinematic language adapts and transforms in our contemporary digital ecosystem.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a221dccbecc9b2af8ab9a0be103ef559" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119220441,"asset_id":125120661,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220441/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125120661"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125120661"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120661; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120661]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120661]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120661; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125120661']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a221dccbecc9b2af8ab9a0be103ef559" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125120661]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125120661,"title":"YouTube and Film Theory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125120661/YouTube_and_Film_Theory","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"ZnUrSzRoMktwK0ZSU1dFQWREeWg4SUVkK0YvQ05CNXVCbUUvK3BKaHFjOD0tLUtzWlNXTU1EQkpPdDlJQmxSU2YzQlE9PQ==--472c2d61707868cd4092bf4fb7dcb61a7693aac7"},"attachments":[{"id":119220441,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220441/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich_youtube.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220441/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"YouTube_and_Film_Theory.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119220441/Manovich_youtube-libre.pdf?1730158689=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DYouTube_and_Film_Theory.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=bnvzJd9CAnbpaFB78b-9n3nVFLrry4Gb6TJ-z8gXNBIG9jeRmyt9P5IDQu-r3XBcmIblOQdGSEU-z4n9OHnhMtCCk903pwxBkDJ5yoHG3l685yPZuybYarISiLTYks49U7IpFIcaz70cGyP2lpIu14Iyj6wjexCwVYcIrJ46rgooSMG79mZ~z1vWnkNtiEaPGBjCvvzPHLc3337~SHoIX6y6XoQgjTCi0mKa5fx2Xautzp74UB5rkFDA7SSFQTj68Rh6OWZXFSAYZBLgztDmwoSFy4BEqYbs6HnMXu7N2qFg1WCGBicnJmxyXeyi3JQnKLM23CMm2rf-tH4by8baew__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125120502"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120502/Indeterminacy_Score_Performance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Indeterminacy, Score, Performance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220338/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120502/Indeterminacy_Score_Performance">Indeterminacy, Score, Performance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MMCA Performing Arts 2021: Multiverse (National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Seoul).</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The mechanical, electrical, and electronic media of the industrial era standardized creation, dis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The mechanical, electrical, and electronic media of the industrial era standardized creation, distribution, and presentation of cultural works. The motor of a film camera, film projector, gramophone, record player, magnetic audio tape player, and other media machines runs at a constant speed. This standardization enabled new media such as cinema where images are sampled at regular temporal intervals and played back at the same speed. So unless we are dealing with certain experimental films (e.g., Outtakes from a Life of a Happy Man by Jonas Mekas), every showing of a film on a single film reel lasts exactly the same time and not a second longer or shorter.<br /><br />Industrial machines such as the motor did not only enable new “media arts” in a direct material way. They often became the subjects of the arts. Between the First and Second World Wars, many modernist artists and filmmakers celebrated the new beauty of moving machines in their works that featured machine tools, airplane propellors, and the rotating wheels of trains and trams.<br /><br />Halo belongs to a different era. Today our feelings about modernity and industrialization are often ambivalent or negative. Ruthless exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, and climate change are among the undeniable consequences of industrialization. Instead of admiring the machines we made, we now want to pay closer attention to nature, which is more rich, complex, interconnected, and variable, but also apparently more fragile. However, nature in itself is not the subject of Halo.<br /><br />Halo does not contain a detailed depiction of nature, framing it for our contemplation or admiration like classical Western landscape painting. Nor does it follow the tradition of East Asian ink and wash painting, which aims to convey the “spirit” of the subject without depicting all its details. So if Halo does not represent nature or our impressions of it, what does it do?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f5cbacc73c45b208b28cee85236d415d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119220338,"asset_id":125120502,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220338/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125120502"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125120502"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120502; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120502]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120502]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120502; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125120502']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f5cbacc73c45b208b28cee85236d415d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125120502]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125120502,"title":"Indeterminacy, Score, Performance","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125120502/Indeterminacy_Score_Performance","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"QUgzdk5pc2s2M1NUbGdrNmRNTFBIWVNmNFNib1FsYkttaXk1SFVIbytWST0tLU5SOExvVTlwd3ZEY0FGRXE0MS9hbXc9PQ==--c01ce6c12b94e6e82f6acc56582defed0f24781b"},"attachments":[{"id":119220338,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220338/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"lev_manovich.halo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220338/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Indeterminacy_Score_Performance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119220338/lev_manovich.halo-libre.pdf?1730158709=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIndeterminacy_Score_Performance.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=M7P8XGuFihS9U~x7GNanpLCvThASBPivfdvEu0MrAJohNJwcJGUXotys~qkaN80vNDcIcYMPy~tkZPUDeoSyy~JIJiwKvYuCKLf14~PcuMKPW8vHWjB8IPLYq5HrRfUB1Lx17aW1Va6Z3zw6RMs9BtiYVvBMHtnAFoge6v~4ieQH8~JfeAeH9mYxAoLVH7t5ZI3o3JAd-icH~mgm~Vbe6suMPXUVuz5l-oX568zdKgcfgdH-fv8AfGxEuKK9O--Zb02cw4cDYjPIa7Gw~7UMX5POGo-Vgg-kwGnUjAEyOkUYLc9tR~xkH8-4tJDFgT8p4knk3fHfJmdRxmGmYL5NdA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125120244"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120244/A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualization_to_Explore_MoMAs_Modernist_Photography_Collection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A View from Above: Using Data Visualization to Explore MoMA's Modernist Photography Collection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220486/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125120244/A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualization_to_Explore_MoMAs_Modernist_Photography_Collection">A View from Above: Using Data Visualization to Explore MoMA's Modernist Photography Collection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Object:Photo. Modern Photographs: The Thomas Walther Collection 1909–1949. An Online Project of The Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art.</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The use of quantitative analysis and visualization for the study of cultural visual data allows u...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The use of quantitative analysis and visualization for the study of cultural visual data allows us to view cultural artifacts in new ways, to confirm and describe more precisely the existing understanding of historical developments, and, potentially, to reveal previously unnoticed patterns. This essay presents visualizations of photographs in the Thomas Walther Collection at The Museum of Modern Art, New York, in relation to the greater MoMA photography collection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that historical patterns in a large photography collection have been analyzed and visualized using quantitative computer techniques.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be2020a06004aa10e0defb7775da611c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119220486,"asset_id":125120244,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220486/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125120244"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125120244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125120244]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125120244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125120244']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be2020a06004aa10e0defb7775da611c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125120244]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125120244,"title":"A View from Above: Using Data Visualization to Explore MoMA's Modernist Photography Collection","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125120244/A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualization_to_Explore_MoMAs_Modernist_Photography_Collection","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"ZkVpL2JiUTNZVmZTbEhXTnRuK1RmTDJmNU1QVC9NN1hnUkNMYWd2ZVB3az0tLVhqYjE5aFdXYmt0VFBIQVh0di9UNFE9PQ==--6ad82623313f38b696b61ee66c6e3e02781b7d86"},"attachments":[{"id":119220486,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119220486/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich_Hochman.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119220486/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualizati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119220486/Manovich_Hochman-libre.pdf?1730158691=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_View_from_Above_Using_Data_Visualizati.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=JgODkB4a3B7l8t8RXtyW5~Y71020VAfLMkDE7Jorc4BiR1rD-Pj1Yo1PENoOtnHUDm6Nc96vT13dGskUB8OtdmFxCacy5WII9iqi~EI9-iWO~7WjwhX3pJYKNEysEORTpb4vT9lHv~roAuoqY2flHHJz4YSFfEuY0iqLtVybsloDlaqTVhu3upSdyTpTlEAM6UdTYJ~cNedgEXuvp3JKvDJ53ueEFsM6pG5J7rXylZDkneU2RabkFRXGvHXFu1QBDsV505WjiRLz97EwXomWHWVqzjlpSljKXA9o1nc0b8oMU3KTx4bx6Ag0A3OKaN8B7C6qLy5~V94OJMoNA6g5Vw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124971852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124971852/Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Defining AI Arts: Three Proposals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119098612/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124971852/Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals">Defining AI Arts: Three Proposals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>"AI and Dialog of Cultures," exhibition catalog, Hermitage Museum, Saint-Petersburg.</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article proposes three distinct definitions of AI arts, examining the intersection of artifi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article proposes three distinct definitions of AI arts, examining the intersection of artificial intelligence and artistic creation. The first definition considers AI arts as computer-generated artifacts that professionals recognize as valid historical or contemporary art, though this approach faces challenges given the evolving nature of art's boundaries. The second definition analyzes the creative process itself, arguing that all computational art methods since the 1950s represent equally valid instances of AI arts, with the distinction lying in the degree of human control rather than the specific method employed. The third and most radical definition posits that true AI arts should transcend human cultural limitations, suggesting that instead of merely replicating historical patterns, AI should create novel aesthetic systems that go beyond humans' tendency to create art within consistent, predictable stylistic frameworks.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="afcb8efa5998090ea19e9ffcb02bdd27" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119098612,"asset_id":124971852,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119098612/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124971852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124971852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124971852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124971852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124971852]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124971852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124971852']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "afcb8efa5998090ea19e9ffcb02bdd27" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124971852]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124971852,"title":"Defining AI Arts: Three Proposals","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124971852/Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"VEFHbERzWjB5UkRUVFNPazEyMWtmbnJNM0VLK21XUGI5bzA1QjZIV0NVYz0tLThtZnY3cUVBTGU0NHBtc1BzTHRjMEE9PQ==--7805df4f3b0fe3e2e1af52379ffc7cca231100a6"},"attachments":[{"id":119098612,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119098612/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"manovich.defining_ai_arts.2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119098612/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Defining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119098612/manovich.defining_ai_arts.2019-libre.pdf?1729921250=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDefining_AI_Arts_Three_Proposals.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=THhbkF8KEtz0-hdZ0WrdPVZBZCK4xXx2wJAQgrD22B3ddbQtS-mXwUE3xZbLRLSVWt-t9jK1SzfHtBS3foEQaB698gcEElaUknYypTB7Wt7jGMAzOIHe1HxFEstKfKJ4d7aP9ryeH5NZsacTT7n6HS91xa77iOoWQONhMi4VQ2tj6o10JXed2BB7~CsUyHHNIYYNsKfNfT2H7IewP6fc1ZnGqmORSiYM2TInclwtasNg5B6NQ5jvWi8c2IlBbUKqvzzxkFJPhl0AWhj6U3SW47JyIVKnJOwzBQTS6dqnYDVGRlhwqV92R67QO9QECjalIsXsH1UhIabNpaTophJ6GA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123426605"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123426605/From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative_AI_Museum"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Museum Without Walls to Generative AI Museum" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117860178/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123426605/From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative_AI_Museum">From Museum Without Walls to Generative AI Museum</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Photography, issue 116.</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We can now in principle create an infinite museum filled with endless AI-generated images that si...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We can now in principle create an infinite museum filled with endless AI-generated images that simulate artworks from every period in history, for all genres, artistic techniques and media. In fact, reference sites like Midlibrary that contain names of thousands of famous artists, architects, designers, and photographers that AI can confidently simulate are already such museums - but we can scale them up and expand the examples dramatically. GenAI is making possible, both theoretically and practically, a new type of universal "museum without walls."<br /><br />The question then arises: why would such an endeavor be interesting or valuable? One obvious possibility is to populate this museum with "additional" works by artists who actually existed, attempting to generate pieces that would be as historically probable as possible. This approach could provide insights into the potential evolution of an artist's style or explore "missing" works from certain periods of their career.<br /><br />A more intriguing application, however, is to explore alternative possible art histories. We can re-imagine art history (and history of culture in general) as a speculative discipline—similar in spirit to speculative fiction, alternative history, or speculative design. For example, we could generate works that imagine what a famous artist might have created if they had traveled to a different part of the world or immersed themselves in a vastly different culture. Another fascinating direction:examining the potential alternative paths an artist's style could have taken between two known periods of their work. We could even explore hypothetical collaborations, generating works that might have resulted if two unique but very different artists had worked together.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd9bcf0709d010f4b577d09f885eab9b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117860178,"asset_id":123426605,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117860178/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123426605"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123426605"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123426605; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123426605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123426605]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123426605; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123426605']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fd9bcf0709d010f4b577d09f885eab9b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123426605]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123426605,"title":"From Museum Without Walls to Generative AI Museum","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123426605/From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative_AI_Museum","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"cFlzQzBkSkROVWRPK2ZsOVhWc2V4MHlwUnFrZHE5RDFNVlZLK3lQUEZYVT0tLVh0T040OTk1Ymwvek5SWGVhbmJoVEE9PQ==--0941d9556d31ffb31fce6df2c2facc15f42658a2"},"attachments":[{"id":117860178,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117860178/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.Generative_Museum.2024.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117860178/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"From_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117860178/Manovich.Generative_Museum.2024-libre.pdf?1725164230=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrom_Museum_Without_Walls_to_Generative.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=OrjPLpfmXqOa858rFurc~SdZwz9VihGfC9S3r45ibr2QcpgY4aKJxFO75YNtfpKlWGIMrnz5-MAFyW1QnX3QBMNaNHeX4DX0xcuyokuiFSmsC4zTkm7fs9565scI6iIvXE0tq7wfVgVjOflXNHJoIfpH4bknF1fMykQZhNOMf46uNs93vmRQ1jabesco6j8jPP4Mmm-2LnqE6h8SMh2S-1sEXWhCSxGYOPJMQvcQCBf9TjTPvTfwQ5ty5n3YUGSy~kEG2d9T1DTurC4g8LgE2z~isVXAjf0cvLnTPgWCbJSfp3gbXAB2n0~k~UXEW1f643RKiywA8DhOCYDkKMjTag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123400690"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123400690/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artist Book Anton Ginzburg TUD Lev Manovich" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117841025/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123400690/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich">Artist Book Anton Ginzburg TUD Lev Manovich</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Anton Ginzburg: Dresden Modular, exhibition catalog with essays by Lev Manovich, Gwendolyn Kremer, Rebekka Roschy, Axel Voigt and Anton Ginzburg (Sandstein Verlag, 2024).</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In its usual meaning, “modularity” refers to modules, i.e., standardized parts of units employed ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In its usual meaning, “modularity” refers to modules, i.e., standardized parts of units employed in design and architecture. Famous 20th-century examples of modular architecture include Plug-in City by Archigram (1964), Moshe Safdie’s Habitat 67, and Nakagin Capsule Tower by Kisho Kurokawa (1972). <br /> <br />I first used the term “modularity” in my book The Language of New Media (2001). The book proposed five principles of computational media; “modularity” was one of them. I noticed that digital artifacts are often made up of multiple components. When combined together in one artifact, these components keep their individual identities and can be assembled into other artifacts. <br /> <br />In this essay, I develop the concept further. Rather than only seeing it as a key feature of digital media, I suggest that "modularity" can be used as a general aesthetic category useful for the analysis of both historical and contemporary art. To test the usefulness of this extended concept, I will use it to discuss three projects by contemporary artist Anton Ginzburg created during his 2021 residency at the TUD Dresden University of Technology’s Schaufler Lab. <br /> <br />The two key terms that we have for understanding the organization of visual elements in art are "composition" and "montage." The limitation of these categories is that both assume certain aesthetics, so they are not neutral descriptions of a work's structure. The first is an older category that assumes harmony and coordination among elements making up the whole. The second is a modern category that assumes the parts produce strong contrast, conflict, and even dissonance. The modularity term, in my opinion, has the advantage of being more neutral and avoiding the introduction of additional assumptions into aesthetic analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4f734065c593dd4f243bb632582768f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117841025,"asset_id":123400690,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117841025/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123400690"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123400690"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123400690; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123400690]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123400690]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123400690; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123400690']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4f734065c593dd4f243bb632582768f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123400690]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123400690,"title":"Artist Book Anton Ginzburg TUD Lev Manovich","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123400690/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"UFR2NWJ3NFcxWUdlUFNUaXAxRnZqVWlQY2Z3dFFyYTlOdXRJcHNIYUs4bz0tLXFMYk5EZXFkYzZGblEzNkdoK2JCN2c9PQ==--7c391c19c6c234dd18559f95815f558fb7d29c00"},"attachments":[{"id":117841025,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117841025/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117841025/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manov.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117841025/Artist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manovich-libre.pdf?1725082314=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtist_Book_Anton_Ginzburg_TUD_Lev_Manov.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=RjXuscKwUWYtDl-Mxmnxaa78lCZcmjB7MfT6W0lNl6sD~RHZcVzNOGLfXPJ00cNTkDMHRTJk48o9v7cMaIY0h4iUimfs4HPgE3ROuww04h3b-QTSjgxrDdTgQx5rr~1TElb8CViyXeYAcLCu~cbBCXByKVhcVVI6n8VsPL4yQKuCmi-1QkxGMuG4Ps8Z6SJwt3f2S-71Ydu46P7sb9eqdJkTjqb2wnqdd~u5sJoz5E7EONMWMD-m1DievJcCYFiVAgfXPJ9NjoMSPXANRReQmgI76nFHKQ1ySfCpL0B5ieOpe2hzkWUtWb-9EA5SVU2nidNP5eAe-mA6H60QnGbNpg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121948478"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121948478/Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 'Make it New': GenAI, Modernism, and Database Art" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116711144/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121948478/Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art">'Make it New': GenAI, Modernism, and Database Art</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trans-Spatial: Everything Tends to Be the Here and Now (publication by Nam June Paik Art Center)</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay discusses similarities between media and art creation using Generative AI today and a ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay discusses similarities between media and art creation using Generative AI today and a number of conceptually related artistic paradigms in the 20th century.  Although generative AI and modernist art appear to be opposites of each other (one was focused on "making it new," the other is based on training data of already existing art), in reality they are similar. While modernist artists explicitly opposed traditions, in reality they achieved innovation by reinterpreting and incorporating older art forms from other cultures. Similarly, generative AI tools allow the creation of new works because they are trained on massive databases of existing art and media. Therefore, making new art and media with GenAI fits into a long-standing tradition in modern art that involves creating new art from accumulations of existing artifacts. This tradition encompasses modernist collage and photomontage, post-modern bricolage, net art, and the pioneering media work of artists like Nam June Paik. Contemporary AI artists, such as Refik Anadol and Lev Pereulkov, exemplify the practice of using AI models trained on specific datasets to produce novel artworks that engage in a dialogue with historical art while introducing new aesthetic possibilities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf328164fc1670956acbfeff202e6039" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116711144,"asset_id":121948478,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116711144/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121948478"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121948478"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121948478; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121948478]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121948478]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121948478; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121948478']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bf328164fc1670956acbfeff202e6039" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121948478]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121948478,"title":"'Make it New': GenAI, Modernism, and Database Art","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121948478/Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"d3A0eEgyWHhoeG55cHk2bkZMSFNHTnNyWllQdDhrcjJWZjBLNjFtV0FGZz0tLUEyUE1aMkRaZVFEdnl2VUprYk5qT0E9PQ==--250be1250b3935476a52e38eb903033e85b7db91"},"attachments":[{"id":116711144,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116711144/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"_Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116711144/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116711144/_Make_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database_Art-libre.pdf?1720666604=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMake_it_New_GenAI_Modernism_and_Database.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=SVjUbufA95tQAhm56~-~Z1aHoN0sHnUJcK7CffmRlpgvoHoNroWlaV0Z-uuMIjxUoAfAZM82TFZaIgMvEA9Qo4Oul3fIP6I0nU0iKq1G9U46rROdai2F8eWhw8BNPrT0KmN4peiwUXwN3TaV0YeB2awpNiL767XhlrFqJ0-7xvrM-evLkpUMD0hznXTGArsBmEdSin8B8CDNpm52WwYnVhhj-bsqirgkrtgXay0voX9HhkQ79v5eTiHbeVZLddOiWGxaSucEoHlZOSnlTie9lgjf0rgPJ83lUeO4LPwwQbnoAuKNGj8mGHo26VSBY1TnhSaxXxlrgHDY-~5rTm9BaA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116733054"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116733054/Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_and_History_of_Digital_Media_chapter_7_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Separate and Reassemble: Generative AI and History of Digital Media (chapter 7 of Artificial Aesthetics)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112780356/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116733054/Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_and_History_of_Digital_Media_chapter_7_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_">Separate and Reassemble: Generative AI and History of Digital Media (chapter 7 of Artificial Aesthetics)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The use of terms: In this chapter, the terms generative media, synthetic media, or generative AI ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The use of terms: In this chapter, the terms generative media, synthetic media, or generative AI refer to the process of synthesizing media objects with artificial neural networks. The examples of such objects are include text, voice, music, 3D models, datasets, and computer code. The terms generative image, AI Image or visual AI refer to specially synthesized visual objects. These objects can be still images that imitate the appearance and structure of all types of visual media, from photographs to drawings, and also moving images that imitate appearances of animation and video. Artificial Aesthetics (Chapter 7)-2 Separate and Reassemble AI image represents a further logical evolution of the process that begins with digital media algorithms in the 1970s and continues in the following decades. The first computer paint programs were created in the 1970s, but could not yet simulate different paint types, brushes, and textured surfaces like canvas. But in the 1990s, software such as Coral 1 Painter (1991-) started to offer these features. Similarly, the first 3D computer graphics 2 algorithms for rendering solid shapes, Gouraud shading (1971) and Phong shading (1973), couldn't yet simulate the looks of different materials. Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, computer graphics researchers created numerous algorithms to simulate the appearance of various materials and textures, such as cloth, hair, and skin, as well as shadows, transparency, translucency, depth of field, lens flares, motion blur, reflections, water, smoke, fireworks, explosions, and other natural phenomena and cinematography techniques and effects. Simulating many of these phenomena and techniques requires multiple separate algorithms that were developed over time. Thus, we find distinct sessions devoted to such algorithms with names like Volumes and Materials, Fluid Simulation, or Cloth and Shells in the annual proceedings of SIGGRAPH, the main conference in CG field. As an 3 example, the paper "Predicting Loose-Fitting Garment Deformations Using Bone-Driven Motion Networks" presented in 2023 conference describes "a learning algorithm that uses bone-driven motion networks to predict the deformation of loose-fitting garment meshes at interactive rates." Another conference paper "Rendering Iridescent Rock Dove Neck Feathers" describes a new approach for modeling and rendering bird feathers; and so on.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ba72dc10b959fbdfceb17ceb5adfa89" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112780356,"asset_id":116733054,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112780356/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116733054"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116733054"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116733054; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116733054]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116733054]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116733054; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116733054']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5ba72dc10b959fbdfceb17ceb5adfa89" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116733054]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116733054,"title":"Separate and Reassemble: Generative AI and History of Digital Media (chapter 7 of Artificial Aesthetics)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116733054/Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_and_History_of_Digital_Media_chapter_7_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"eTdUVys0OVBIV3dBb1dBa1ErWWtPUC9tRXhvWlBOQVlYQmlnQU5EUzJjTT0tLVlBNVpyRzJpQXdZcitMbFVoWXlsMUE9PQ==--17404f99529f1753141e37c555b3092497e8f5eb"},"attachments":[{"id":112780356,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112780356/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"manovich_artificial_aesthetics_ch7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112780356/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Separate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112780356/manovich_artificial_aesthetics_ch7-libre.pdf?1711488661=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeparate_and_Reassemble_Generative_AI_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=AcvUmSJ~OziCsKi2HEGbma-0CusLP0YkrxBTAWywZQJUsBrfDuFdTSdQttQ75Wn0pnD6LbJXQUfnkoR-4IrSdc2WVX~vw22803hnlMAzive0TCitnLRn6vZjCuwOQHLpNtqlXBfJlr2e4YSo2kkr-9LmyQVUZ26Rj~8iV~wW49CTZ96~S6EFBvVtljQTIS502mfWaUIkcOdIfZuny1PTB~MUt0SLlQXJQXgPmIyyV80y53dwguH9Iq43CFEzA-8ptp8p4o7NHdBWfemlTnhXNKGjgkaFjllipJtt5aoI61C6xGxxW2NlM2ICkXayRKgKFyvq-8Kt9y8S950bBeg9AA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116285150"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116285150/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Instagram as a narrative platform" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112458947/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116285150/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform">Instagram as a narrative platform</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>First Monday</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Even though Instagram has been the subject of numerous studies, none of them have systematically ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Even though Instagram has been the subject of numerous studies, none of them have systematically investigated its potential as a narrative medium. This article argues that Instagram's narrative capabilities are comparable to those of literature and film. To support our claims, we analyze a number of prominent female Instagram creators and demonstrate how they employ the platform's diverse features, functionalities, and interface to create multi-year biographical narratives. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of theories developed in literary and film studies in analyzing Instagram's narrative capabilities. By employing Bakhtin's influential chronotope concept, we examine in depth how these narratives make specific use of space and time. Additionally, we compare time construction in film and Instagram narratives using the cinema studies' theory of narrative time in movies. <br /><a href="https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/12497" rel="nofollow">https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/12497</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7c3e7757add19c973f24efbb77488c56" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112458947,"asset_id":116285150,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112458947/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116285150"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116285150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116285150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116285150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116285150]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116285150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116285150']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7c3e7757add19c973f24efbb77488c56" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116285150]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116285150,"title":"Instagram as a narrative platform","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116285150/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"Ukl5TTEvTkxyeU9wbi9mRmFJcVFLbk0vRytJcXQxalRDdzdTclF3Ukd6TT0tLXhtZkxZeExsclJtU2dHb2lOdWZRbGc9PQ==--15f282c15e05d1ca1325aab7958286690e849c96"},"attachments":[{"id":112458947,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112458947/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112458947/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112458947/Instagram_as_a_narrative_platform-libre.pdf?1710564386=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInstagram_as_a_narrative_platform.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=FOOq3ZQvEQvaQguX3IoUgTzZOgTn5WfcEJk-xdc5lFuPa9e9NOBZLlLp5RxOi6b3w1NkxK-0xxYmstZZTD9ED3j6aqGpp5dd1pISOeE7pOpJS~fQ31TntU~w4LloUyiMUX9GWU8kX5dsZsTbspgNW6VZYhBtnbMs1HLZRF5lmUPym0X-DA-xE3szEfoO1hnGz-r6eEaZfgAKcF9BCEh~YUh47Br9sWQbDLoYuVyAdbjuqsSCSFZUrXSa4fpq5GBa3QWr25lDMYWi1V2Y1UsURlQ0SG0Hk5WR3aJLy0jqZ1K1V1Xr3q9Nw~WNrFdEusl4b6Lb7oHy9z7ydkyBic~gPA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113512121"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113512121/Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze_Chapter_6_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_Generative_AI_Art_and_Visual_Media_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human Perception and The Artificial Gaze (Chapter 6 of Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art and Visual Media)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110452545/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113512121/Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze_Chapter_6_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_Generative_AI_Art_and_Visual_Media_">Human Perception and The Artificial Gaze (Chapter 6 of Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art and Visual Media)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Artificial Aesthetics: Chapter 6</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">While we do not expect that an artificial system sees and “thinks” like a human being, it must ha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">While we do not expect that an artificial system sees and “thinks” like a human being, it must have nevertheless a sense of how humans perceive and react. This touches on what I define in Chapter 8 as the problem of “AI alignment” in the context of aesthetics. This also requires an understanding of the limits and biases natural to human perception and cognition. Artificial systems can analyze data beyond human capabilities, but it remains crucial for them to be able to take into account the typical modalities of human perception. For example, when an AI system trained in object recognition fails to discern details in an image, we might conclude that either the system lacks sophistication or the image is excessively blurred or noisy. However, in the realm of human aesthetic experience, moments of confusion are not necessarily flaws to be fixed. Often, an object captivates our interest precisely because it poses a perceptual or cognitive challenge, such as ambiguity or indeterminacy. Artistic techniques like defamiliarization (ostranenie) thrive on uncertainty and interpretative instability, sparking the viewer’s curiosity and attention. Unlike in AI, where ambiguity might be a problem to solve, in aesthetics, ambiguity is a feature. An artwork’s aesthetic richness often lies in its resistance to a singular interpretation, remaining open to multiple readings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d1d4b0f5b3328b9f26c4796fb729e2d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110452545,"asset_id":113512121,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110452545/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113512121"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113512121"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113512121; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113512121]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113512121]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113512121; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113512121']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6d1d4b0f5b3328b9f26c4796fb729e2d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113512121]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113512121,"title":"Human Perception and The Artificial Gaze (Chapter 6 of Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art and Visual Media)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113512121/Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze_Chapter_6_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_Generative_AI_Art_and_Visual_Media_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"QnA1UkNBR292Skl3Y2c4bE11ZVlVd1NVajhPdXYyWjZ3c2RIQkVQT3lIRT0tLVlPMkh3eEgzdFhpVithT1NOZER6WGc9PQ==--3de350c580e4611eff99285db58c59cb9fb2681a"},"attachments":[{"id":110452545,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110452545/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Emanuele_Arielli_and_Lev_Manovich.AI_Aesthetics_book.Chapter_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110452545/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Human_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/110452545/Emanuele_Arielli_and_Lev_Manovich.AI_Aesthetics_book.Chapter_6-libre.pdf?1705312896=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHuman_Perception_and_The_Artificial_Gaze.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=U8NYlRQ58ZMuRr~mba3EI86p8aqaUpHe4VKEebjwcf5AcnaiQMpS64HhejwLkpXhZBRoi9n2CCGIDIrHfsFEDkjdpjWF3oZ8UJ~2k79GdtbelcDxhIV7OJ9OaG6T64BKm1wEUsRwo60h54P82r9waBHRVsea1Gx4cfZZxNZcYlfXCjpkllNLbOHWVq7I-gBR6ReP5~DgOH3kpczksO0xrkXKCkHTVeNmseNCU0PWxjcNTeGoEhDoKvgoShtDH3qablhUZW6nNbr3quhNmUtX1brJIfC5VPLL7Mr9bnAQmsPeqTMRWFL-9lIX-s5oHwkGL21eFvYM29ojlJKcCyBkmg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643191"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643191/MEMORY_DRAW"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MEMORY, DRAW" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809995/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643191/MEMORY_DRAW">MEMORY, DRAW</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Lev Manovich. MEMORY, DRAW. Images and texts presented in a solo exhibition | Seoul, South Korea...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Lev Manovich. MEMORY, DRAW. <br />Images and texts presented in a solo exhibition | Seoul, South Korea. <br />12/20/2023 - 02/16/2024. <br /> <br />The exhibition presents a selection of my digital images from 2023 and also a few of my early drawings (1978-1985). The title of the exhibition refers to the use of generative AI as a "memory machine." AI models extract information from existing cultural material during the training process, constructing a new historical archive. And when we probe inside this archive, asking AI tools to generate scenes from a specific historical period or place, or to create something unique, the results are frequently idealized, generic imagery, or bland. For me, using generative AI is a constant battle against this fundamental limitation of this medium. The introductory texts in this catalog some of the techniques I employ to push AI to generate more subtle, delicate, and ambitious images that I prefer. <br /> <br />The title of the exhibition also refers to a number of my works on paper from the early 1980s, which are displayed as digital prints in this exhibition. These drawings were created following my emigration from the Soviet Union in 1981 (seethe "Closed Word" section of the catalog). <br /> <br />Finally, the exhibition title alludes to "Memory, Speak," the title of a 1951 memoir by Vladimir Nabokov, a famousRussian emigrant writer.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="940f3fb278c28dce1b4cde39b55c5a81" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109809995,"asset_id":112643191,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809995/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643191"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643191"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643191; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643191]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643191; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643191']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "940f3fb278c28dce1b4cde39b55c5a81" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643191]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643191,"title":"MEMORY, DRAW","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643191/MEMORY_DRAW","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OUU3c0c1cGY1Mm53M2xkTFVCdExBREpyR3VZaTJYY2VpbXFGZTVOMkdzST0tLUcxdDEyNWdKRE1kNWNCMm1BVWltZWc9PQ==--c432c0b3fb997bed5156c8940a4143f602b38e72"},"attachments":[{"id":109809995,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809995/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich.Memory_Draw.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809995/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"MEMORY_DRAW.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809995/Lev_Manovich.Memory_Draw-libre.pdf?1703990119=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMEMORY_DRAW.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=QYyMFftldtycm1StaT8hXbf1IwWa3W6oFQI4gHAKCBErW3VBltW4c-hn33gaRM4-dfmhKyH6HCHyHV2a-Cs6kkWIbflv-uqHV62DLZahoNRaTyPBFOLRHAJkN-lkRJ7w1t-mojBa3SN32VJLTK8tZgLquneHCSUdSdsfXMUQNuxeoGVgmXFC-sVJtTNXUT71CgOpiHBn9NhJnNTUclkPT9J~HwWc67hJeLZB5pt625omRwz-TBWy1JoHmMCJiOlstD~-Us82U4NgahCLAcxqAf651k3GXntICbQBIyywtkswSgWH1lgRxL73sJY94szWCUn9deTBm3isPmcX5LzVEA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109991543"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109991543/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Survive_Generative_AI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Letter to a Young Artist: How to Survive Generative AI?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107948259/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109991543/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Survive_Generative_AI">A Letter to a Young Artist: How to Survive Generative AI?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The key difference between me, a human, and generative AI: I am limited, but AI is unlimited. Yes...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The key difference between me, a human, and generative AI: I am limited, but AI is unlimited. Yes, of course: it has significant limits now, in practice. But it advances fast, and what it can already do today is beyond what we could have imagined a year ago. Instead of dwelling on what AI can’t do at this particular moment, it is safer to assume that it “can” will only multiply. <br /> <br />Because of how human skills, learning and memory works, I have limitations.  I don’t have knowledge of the immense “museum without walls" distributed over the web and museum databases. But AI can. And it will only get better. I can’t simply sit down and start writing summaries of numerous topics in the history of culture. AI can. “I can’t… but AI can.” (Endless other examples can be added.) So why make art now? And what art will still be meaningful to make?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb24efec1757657128b9c48eb9ecdaf5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107948259,"asset_id":109991543,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107948259/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109991543"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109991543"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109991543; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109991543]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109991543]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109991543; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109991543']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eb24efec1757657128b9c48eb9ecdaf5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109991543]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109991543,"title":"A Letter to a Young Artist: How to Survive Generative AI?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109991543/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Survive_Generative_AI","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"NWk4ZnE3cHFlMERCZkE2TjJVQUpkRzFCY3d1d2NKZXdnR1RZYjZoaDRrUT0tLUdhN1NqV0Y2UVpmcmZCbG1GSVdtUnc9PQ==--243041a4725840bc186102f7586371a764d31305"},"attachments":[{"id":107948259,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107948259/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107948259/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Surviv.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107948259/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist-libre.pdf?1701142216=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Letter_to_a_Young_Artist_How_to_Surviv.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=YTTHnFAS442dgmeFxeYrMy2ml-iCakLalPhua6y10hpKYK88SWz6UKS1mBHBRpIO9XwOAROh1tFkaP-UJ0D~WImVbtVb~6v7gU-eiL7mo6Jl167wWqlconULj6XTTlSW8HMF7wDsg4bjN9qnY8TJm2uXR3Ef5KcfaO~-jfaseQj-4n7s1vIV6hY-AnDHdRmMPXwdUjU-~RDWazvXBIQcZo-gvXhqVmBCCQ85DAX6zdSXmLPrccKyJmIJL6DW307FuhJVqVSeLFKcKfpRnYgm89XnwOM7gWgJ02sbELSj~4RE3xRXfpxyY3SotCof3YRDI2csjiu3L7Y1JrTAZ9iE0w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105501269"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105501269/Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive_2023"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lev Manovich AI Brain in the Cultural Archive 2023" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104938495/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105501269/Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive_2023">Lev Manovich AI Brain in the Cultural Archive 2023</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MoMA magazine</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The AI Brain in the Cultural Archive (Notes on Refik Anondol Unsupervised AI art project for MoM...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The AI Brain in the Cultural Archive <br />(Notes on Refik Anondol Unsupervised AI art project for MoMA, and connections between generative AI and artistic methods of the 19th and 20th century.) <br /><br />Shorter version of this text published in MoMA magazine, July 21, 2023. Another version was included in Chapter 5 of "Artificial Aesthetics" book.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="98cfc44475e465c0f31af69b499e92cb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104938495,"asset_id":105501269,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104938495/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105501269"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105501269"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105501269; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105501269]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105501269]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105501269; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105501269']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "98cfc44475e465c0f31af69b499e92cb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105501269]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105501269,"title":"Lev Manovich AI Brain in the Cultural Archive 2023","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105501269/Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive_2023","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"VHFmWllqcFBkVFEwSGlCcDRsWklReEFwbjF4N1NIRVA0dUNjT0lJL0huaz0tLUlFN0VmU0N2NXJXYWNkNHkwN0M1THc9PQ==--c68b893f8335aba6703377bf3ab2f278e9d4ecf9"},"attachments":[{"id":104938495,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104938495/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich.AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive.2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104938495/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Ar.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104938495/Lev_Manovich.AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Archive.2023-libre.pdf?1691805446=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLev_Manovich_AI_Brain_in_the_Cultural_Ar.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=H6gC-iZ6eUdNtNoH75J4Pi8lbZ0r1DIxdQkn8QJnuFgJJ7QVY0mEgpS9sT3rfqd1rRxPBRFoH7mPPCtIHBQPcD4hmpKmYU3f8pGg8Zw1CvWQC6LoPSrkdmzhHJ-oAw~38TD0zMxJflZU06tzn-sRZDZqefLDbPgSiQ-KGA8~AWXvMR~W4kSRWiRId~4OiUrUF7Jtb74qcRdDDG7U6xdEM8rVKb-KIl~j4Xyxfy-fx1dHa4bgaKhAiwhLkT0YNGt2u6ykEtskYW8W3vxJ~t910s445d-wtxD6enB~aZDFsvsxXVL8-SztzHIqJl2~2WeHgoyEryHWLIYfxUHneLYmow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="103020040"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/103020040/Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Towards "General Artistic Intelligence"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103137730/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/103020040/Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence_">Towards "General Artistic Intelligence"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Art Basel: https://www.artbasel.com/stories/lev-manovich</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Geoffrey Hinton, the ‘Godfather of AI,’ recently predicted that so-called general artificial inte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Geoffrey Hinton, the ‘Godfather of AI,’ recently predicted that so-called general artificial intelligence could emerge within 20 years. This term refers to a hypothetical future AI that can perform any cognitive task that a human can. This statement begs the question: how long will it take before we see the emergence of general artistic intelligence? And what should such hypothetical general artistic AI be capable of?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="deb0eb294bdb89d0dc3754ed773de12c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":103137730,"asset_id":103020040,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103137730/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="103020040"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="103020040"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103020040; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103020040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103020040]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103020040; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='103020040']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "deb0eb294bdb89d0dc3754ed773de12c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=103020040]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":103020040,"title":"Towards \"General Artistic Intelligence\"","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103020040/Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"UzQ4M3d4VGhGRXVqelNXNUhvd2x0ck5xQk1Uamw3bXF2N3BYZUhNak54MD0tLTEzYnVJOWF0cWk3RlNBUzRLRWV4VEE9PQ==--55559883d8f6941cd729cd05a7f678a2b7212eca"},"attachments":[{"id":103137730,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103137730/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.General_Artistic_Intelligence.2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103137730/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Towards_General_Artistic_Intelligence.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/103137730/Manovich.General_Artistic_Intelligence.2023-libre.pdf?1686174296=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTowards_General_Artistic_Intelligence.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=I7SrVlWVcPKrSOHCHRmcm4pzcVq6YtQkyeYMG~3zet~A5eii9XuVfwquDlUBSRHq9T3uYsetnyhpqL3LmWmSBC9-TQ596wDWApd2RcDUjHvVXjOLohrWoKDgVS89~4hMDNY38vEv16joQv~JBuKyt45aLcTOSv~RSoUpvmzrZbuFl~M4XwPwA2jA~gn72STIuhUR2H8TLqZgseHOzIII12Ipji5fZMHRDMs~tbgWaeNDWTfk9SdNfmRGlBIgkWGFW1kbE03YZS48SjYaSsDJfoHyLiwE1U6jDYQMoyvfyYTVXuFV-mHI59MYlVrukmcrZ3nfXApZzGxO1Vls6~Z60A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101256302"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101256302/Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Generative_Media_Chapter_5_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seven Arguments about AI Images and Generative Media (Chapter 5 of Artificial Aesthetics)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101847532/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101256302/Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Generative_Media_Chapter_5_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_">Seven Arguments about AI Images and Generative Media (Chapter 5 of Artificial Aesthetics)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Artificial Aesthetics</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I describe a number of characteristics of AI visual generative media in its current forms that I ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I describe a number of characteristics of AI visual generative media in its current forms that I believe are particularly significant or novel. Some of my arguments also apply to generative media in general, but most focus on visual media. The analysis reflects my own experience of using a few popular AI image tools, such as Midjourney and Stable Diffusion, almost every day from the middle of 2022 until now.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="64f7532780aa795485373bebf18889db" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101847532,"asset_id":101256302,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101847532/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101256302"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101256302"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101256302; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101256302]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101256302]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101256302; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101256302']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "64f7532780aa795485373bebf18889db" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101256302]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101256302,"title":"Seven Arguments about AI Images and Generative Media (Chapter 5 of Artificial Aesthetics)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101256302/Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Generative_Media_Chapter_5_of_Artificial_Aesthetics_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"UXd1YjJXNE0wNXMxZDVPVmZBdy9FK09wODNxMEU5TGExd1VoREdabjlVZz0tLXFLQVZDMGdya1JZaGF4Z3pud2puM2c9PQ==--3cf6705630e148f3866ddebc8eba8552006e53be"},"attachments":[{"id":101847532,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101847532/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich._AI_Aesthetics_Chapter_5.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101847532/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Gene.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/101847532/Lev_Manovich._AI_Aesthetics_Chapter_5-libre.pdf?1683243786=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeven_Arguments_about_AI_Images_and_Gene.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=flKbOD4AzWLZExAgVw4PxUN~SOuqkYXGr4zg905wfMECJ9a22LiWrETDuXe7pAaXHeLKsZNl2OvXv8f1~gCgVlA0jBANP8bPs9Ll-yHrSf~v5GR3x63Rl~j07YhD0eRslkagrWxF1U4D8FrHgfCVZDikTFtCvBJza1Qs0DYMwC38l8mhacc9YpLn8lykZ7jfcxr2m5t9sQ~qevGLjo8u0ElMiXuUvhXfvQ-Htd00Hw7qHt4RjDQvmDJfE1CX0dTtczb0yz4n5AZ-j-7rdP3m1-XKfVzv132RW1WHs4EPORIsEJdd1rj23qP2KtrNd8dazSLNrl-DxKHE0A22RtuJBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91941712"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91941712/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2007" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95086431/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91941712/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007">Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2007</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This publication contains all articles I wrote between 1991 and 2007 (65 articles, 288,000 words)...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This publication contains all articles I wrote between 1991 and 2007 (65 articles, 288,000 words). We reformatted all articles in the same way and assembled them into a single text document. This is a PDF version of this file. You can download another version of this PDF where TOC is interactive - you can click on any title and you will be taken to this text in the file: <br /><a href="http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/lev-manovich-all-articles-1991-2007" rel="nofollow">http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/lev-manovich-all-articles-1991-2007</a> <br /><br />You can also download text file version and HTML versions at the same URL.<br /><br />The text version uses minimal Markdown markup. It can be opened in any text editor, and you can also easily convert it in any other format such as .docx or ebook. If you use a text editor that understands markup, the text file will be nicely formatted. Examples of such editors include Ulysses, Typora, Draft, IA Writer, Obsidian. <br /><br />(The second part of this publication with all 2008-2022 articles will come out in a few months).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b580d0a609bf0ce094387dab9acd72f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95086431,"asset_id":91941712,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95086431/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91941712"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91941712"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91941712; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91941712]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91941712]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91941712; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91941712']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b580d0a609bf0ce094387dab9acd72f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91941712]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91941712,"title":"Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2007","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91941712/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"RWN2TEQxVmZqWVNDVEM5eWlSMUs1TlVKS2RFRkNmSTM1NDBuMm1TZ2hZUT0tLW1ockJpbDhnaGN5bjdEczZwdFpQblE9PQ==--b88e56f4a038e5d2b0bd3abf292d0c831ddfab71"},"attachments":[{"id":95086431,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95086431/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1992_2007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95086431/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95086431/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1992_2007.pdf?1669837770=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2007.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=geAm4tWq4Womm9jjsvdUYA8JOmNNq29InY1TOmFKkpVdah09QupD-6040Xxj1sBBeI2PTINZdudglCuNMYrQEnORpJat3sJFBswwdUFJYslMPo43Cny3V~w3rCwIDFJI42NCR1H14F6qrsr548STz2QIg1SHne6qFvdPBCA-FujSFR4jrCXFvUuA5Y1~J5kk7cpeVkH4j5~YzlFKlZGPF7x2e~YutG6VG7bSKqlQgWSM2fkyPL3X8BCKwpW~qFcRyY9JtxLIjDyBAVfX07hbZlCHeg-Ia9pvyVjSV-wJv7TB0CqqcKNNke6kZ3khVPwNuhX9mCcPfhTSzirbCHnzwQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83852399"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83852399/AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_Myth_of_Creativity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of AI Aesthetics and the Anthropocentric Myth of Creativity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89065799/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83852399/AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_Myth_of_Creativity">AI Aesthetics and the Anthropocentric Myth of Creativity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iuav.academia.edu/EmanueleArielli">Emanuele Arielli</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nodes</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Suppose human creativity could be potentially replicated by mechanical processes. In that case, w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Suppose human creativity could be potentially replicated by mechanical processes. In that case, we would face a crossroads: either we could give up using the concept of creativity altogether, or if we hold to our common understanding of what creativity is, we could agree to apply this concept to non-human phenomena as well, as world champion Lee Sedol did when judging the performance of AlphaGo. However, the idea that artificial creativity discloses the mechanic nature of human creativity should also be met with a bit of critical detachment, particularly if we consider the specific case of the arts. In fact, artificial reproductions of human artifacts do not follow the same processes with which humans actually produced those artifacts. Nobody thinks that Mondrian followed procedures similar to the algorithm used in 1966 that generated pseudo-Mondrian, even though the public appreciated the artificial images more than the original ones....</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1d561882d092891769d28f1010e79f6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89065799,"asset_id":83852399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89065799/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83852399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83852399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83852399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83852399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83852399]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83852399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83852399']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e1d561882d092891769d28f1010e79f6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83852399]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83852399,"title":"AI Aesthetics and the Anthropocentric Myth of Creativity","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83852399/AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_Myth_of_Creativity","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OEpVNTNJZFUwaWNlbDdDZGRnZ1NKRmd6MjV0WDZFcDRYUGE5MUVjbHhibz0tLVZENjUyYVR0bFdMdmwvdkEwRVZ2TXc9PQ==--77094093c7f2a2c26b64f462573895bd25f6fe9a"},"attachments":[{"id":89065799,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89065799/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"LM_EA_paper_for_Nodes.ready.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89065799/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"AI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_My.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89065799/LM_EA_paper_for_Nodes.ready-libre.pdf?1658999386=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAI_Aesthetics_and_the_Anthropocentric_My.pdf\u0026Expires=1739974526\u0026Signature=CsMMUoJAeZMUwvLQ7cg6ykkwh7rgB4RvIat1YM-f-ZLnGQumgTVc~ZAyXk9r19T3tuFTtz4DLgiGfmrgor80XXppbqnsOsRG3Qb9q9XV3ZLUj9-dGc8j4S16cEvVrXpg9l~Urjw-8nfP0eNbnyruujywDTa-fM9hR0WYRYg8gR32HgqCB9GqGJdwLE-XLazy~P6x7qicBmc5Sc4ZAHqTlZo3j1xNpYdjDXAQPD1Q80DRHhjk15ug3DNxsX2GGwlWqlnRY-6zVaPV1qO9s2YTqll9kbBwnz5WEsRsAwy2x8qSWNYWdWre24MWTi59ytJ0VBv2ge-AvhlA8DBxZXsMAg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2305731" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127042310"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127042310/Artificial_Aesthetics_final_versions_of_all_chapters_in_one_PDF_file_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Aesthetics (final versions of all chapters in one PDF file)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120836374/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127042310/Artificial_Aesthetics_final_versions_of_all_chapters_in_one_PDF_file_">Artificial Aesthetics (final versions of all chapters in one PDF file)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our book uses approaches from eight fields. Emanuele brings perspectives from aesthetics, philoso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our book uses approaches from eight fields. Emanuele brings perspectives from aesthetics, philosophy of art, cognitive science, and psychology of art. Lev contributes perspectives from media theory, digital culture studies, digital humanities, and computer science, as well as his four decades of experience as an artist creating digital media, including recent work with generative AI. This is the first time all these different perspectives have been combined to analyze cultural AI. <br /> <br />We started working on the book in the summer of 2019, exchanging many messages, commenting on each other's ideas, and sharing section drafts. While each chapter is written by a single author, it incorporates our ongoing discussions. <br /> <br />Given the rapid evolution of generative AI and its wide-reaching impact on art and culture, we made the decision to release each chapter online as soon as it was finished. The first chapter was released in December 2021, and the last one in September 2024. After all chapters were completed, we did some further editing and released the final version as a single PDF. <br /> <br />-- Lev Manovich and Emanuele Arielli, November 2021 – October 2024.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a4a67639ec2a363844eb27cd90aed6eb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120836374,"asset_id":127042310,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120836374/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127042310"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127042310"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127042310; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127042310]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127042310]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127042310; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127042310']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a4a67639ec2a363844eb27cd90aed6eb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127042310]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127042310,"title":"Artificial Aesthetics (final versions of all chapters in one PDF file)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127042310/Artificial_Aesthetics_final_versions_of_all_chapters_in_one_PDF_file_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"bXBxdGVtVC9QU0lmR3J1WTVmTmNYTkhhNjFXbmVCSVdvQUhYNUVzQjBaND0tLTBPR29YcGcyNXhoc052ajk2enU2Qnc9PQ==--920a10bee7324838ce8c3d8388d046c5954d47f2"},"attachments":[{"id":120836374,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120836374/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich_and_Arielli_Artificial_Aesthetics.All_chapters_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120836374/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artificial_Aesthetics_final_versions_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/120836374/Manovich_and_Arielli_Artificial_Aesthetics.All_chapters_final-libre.pdf?1736946797=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtificial_Aesthetics_final_versions_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=B7LLN2kJbt0dbZDO99xAMk3Y~81FK2kaGd5zG4WVUfVieCyQIPTIhvxFsL0IcCi9j1KTdfJQznxzkw76XXe91lRUEdazK5yZB6wcl6GvVpBRL~7SbYVF~CX-NZusJZK7Pef73CCGAyCMqbsOqRZXM7lPBUslTgDOjxFFxQ4762gbj917JaHSVGAjSUFiAgS-ilkY9l~aQUpa8jtiyeBhZfbRrg8eE~8W5mDuSDNtDW~HH2~y2TzI1xpqfdkCRhFY2xxA8IknQppZsM0YiJDbnv3yrLvVHe7NlDN2Xff9YA6jOSaRtleYTU6i-vDvY30HCQj172ilHwV2VC1oDnz~rA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122338639"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122338639/UNRELIABLE_MEMORIES_Texts_Lev_Manovich_Jos%C3%A9_Alberto_Ferreira_Antonio_and_artwork_by_Manovich_Somani"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of UNRELIABLE MEMORIES. Texts Lev Manovich, José Alberto Ferreira, Antonio and artwork by Manovich Somani." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117023936/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122338639/UNRELIABLE_MEMORIES_Texts_Lev_Manovich_Jos%C3%A9_Alberto_Ferreira_Antonio_and_artwork_by_Manovich_Somani">UNRELIABLE MEMORIES. Texts Lev Manovich, José Alberto Ferreira, Antonio and artwork by Manovich Somani.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Lev Manovich. Unreliable Memories. Centro de Arte e Cultura, Évora, Portugal, 2024. 140 pages. E...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Lev Manovich. Unreliable Memories. Centro de Arte e Cultura, Évora, Portugal, 2024. 140 pages.<br /><br />Exhibition catalog with images by Lev Manovich and texts by José Alberto Ferreira, Antonio Somani, Manovich.<br /><br />****<br />Text by exhibition curator José Alberto Ferreira:<br /><br />Lev Manovich is one of the most influential figures in digital art and culture. As a professor, theorist and historian, he also asserts his positions and exposes his (and our) challenges as an artist. In "Unreliable Memories", Manovich presents works created using artificial intelligence (AI) tools, alongside his original drawings, never before exhibited. The forms (and concerns) of our time are addressed by someone who is intimately familiar with them and who has made significant contributions to their theoretical and critical understanding. Of the seven series of images included in the exhibition, six illustrate the processes involved in the functioning of the AI, which responds to user requests by accessing a vast database of images and information from art history. This generative process uses hundreds or thousands of elements in distinct, unique and often surprising ways. It is not a mechanical process, as the artist must carefully craft his "request" and select the responses that best reflect his vision.<br /><br />Manovich’s own creative process is even more elaborate. He typically includes a variety of personal and art-historical images, along with a text message as input to the AI, to more precisely control the aesthetics of the results, allowing the AI to generate more surprising results. From thousands of results, he selects only a small number and then refines each image in photo-editing software, often over months. In several of the series presented here, the author’s perspective derives from subtle connections to his biography. Born in Russia in 1960, he presents a very eloquent and also tragic reading of the reality and culture of his country as a series of “unreliable memories”.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b2fc7ece318378be9eaba40875b9c13b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117023936,"asset_id":122338639,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117023936/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122338639"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122338639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122338639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122338639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122338639]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122338639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122338639']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b2fc7ece318378be9eaba40875b9c13b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122338639]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122338639,"title":"UNRELIABLE MEMORIES. Texts Lev Manovich, José Alberto Ferreira, Antonio and artwork by Manovich Somani.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122338639/UNRELIABLE_MEMORIES_Texts_Lev_Manovich_Jos%C3%A9_Alberto_Ferreira_Antonio_and_artwork_by_Manovich_Somani","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"VnEzNEZKR3BxZ0crUldjTklCM2ZxVS9FQWpBUnVQTldtV2pHZ3NSYm1yVT0tLTZCK3BUemYrMWhYblV5VUU4UkRaNmc9PQ==--e1405e842845a831dc93d92105bc98f1e30ca839"},"attachments":[{"id":117023936,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117023936/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.Unreliable_Memories_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117023936/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"UNRELIABLE_MEMORIES_Texts_Lev_Manovich_J.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117023936/Manovich.Unreliable_Memories_final-libre.pdf?1721909534=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUNRELIABLE_MEMORIES_Texts_Lev_Manovich_J.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=HqfAY11iWb4yCZzJv~zH40bMG2HMPG8JB3U8oAchq1TvgFaIK3AbUM8pMh09c5WhK8qzzskNnPxKb9qbv5fBOQIMiTxFjAZ0RuaCcWy1hesBgKpESogUfvS6Z8hy49DhELne8ORz1HGQkFsi2~6vUXMg-2acHZ8O-mNeScjCo0vp0wjtihkQIF5nLTDbh3~zSibKRV-EapeDMPw22BrDIh-Cg8xpYdLtnYpn0cvMx7pnf7YsBUsN~6vLjJe38e~amo3yfSfnJTrcmrJ1e1pZE8pg-hLtD5SRiUpCAJaxqccXrw7F3c3F4FFv0zJHss7pLUarcGa1Tpy9aVDecbSxxg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91941195"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91941195/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2017"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2017" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95086010/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91941195/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2017">Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2017</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This publication contains all articles I wrote between 1991 and 2007 (65 articles, 288,000 words)...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This publication contains all articles I wrote between 1991 and 2007 (65 articles, 288,000 words). We reformatted all articles in the same way and assembled  them into a single text document. This is a  PDF version of this file. You can download another version of this PDF where TOC is interactive - you can click on any title and you will be taken to this text in the file: <br /> <br /><a href="http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/lev-manovich-all-articles-1991-2007" rel="nofollow">http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/lev-manovich-all-articles-1991-2007</a> <br /> <br />You can also download text file version and  HTML versions at the same URL. <br /> <br />The text version uses minimal Markdown markup.  It can be opened in any text editor, and you can also easily convert it in any other format such as .docx or ebook. <br /> <br />Note: if you use a text editor that understands markup, the text file will be nicely formatted. Examples of such editors include Ulysses, Typora, Draft, IA Writer, Obsidian. <br /> <br />(The second part of this publication with all 2008-2022 articles will come out in a few months).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d3feaaec19880421c2ffbb1ecbc6bfe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95086010,"asset_id":91941195,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95086010/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91941195"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91941195"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91941195; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91941195]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91941195]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91941195; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91941195']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6d3feaaec19880421c2ffbb1ecbc6bfe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91941195]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91941195,"title":"Lev Manovich: All Articles 1991-2017","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91941195/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2017","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"RHJCbGNlMFM5S2xmTTZndFM5VTFEZ2N5R0x3NjdOQ2dBZmZxMjBSdWVBTT0tLVhadXpwUUNPNXBuMFZlSVZYYnBEUmc9PQ==--3fa494f296073ad88f2fe32c284200a872a80e95"},"attachments":[{"id":95086010,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95086010/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1992_2007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95086010/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2017.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95086010/Lev_Manovich_All_Articles_1992_2007.pdf?1669836791=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLev_Manovich_All_Articles_1991_2017.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=bru8HQN7fjbsGKhlPW-OdYrPcRkBMkLgsnfJYlXJJ0pzKNMMMz0BTbcn2sYheoB8SjO1PdSQ7glZK2sD8hCjxuOceUXahWON5y2h-Z1718-5nuA1w29AQXXVDZh-eEOTprmt3Ma2zvK~8OKnomlWV7fda2BWJpzfw0hWeHV6U2k5cohhbCn7s7JvM5ITLEuurKrUs4QHlYHvOmCdsczjcx9tFx8sFTvJzmd~5olZMl8-KSzwGSJ-8hS0qVSWQV2bUS0t2mJwo663nj2nw~7O2Jpcu7mx98OMDBvV3mrzEOUzkrltL-eJJ3c4LjyOUuCkz805HplBxUbngNpyP~BNoQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82220604"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82220604/Cultural_Analytics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cultural Analytics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87996301/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82220604/Cultural_Analytics">Cultural Analytics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cultural Analytics, The MIT Press</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Book color illustrations: https://www.dropbox.com/s/bsudgi90xm9p1zw/Manovich.figures.Cultural_An...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Book color illustrations: <br /><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/bsudgi90xm9p1zw/Manovich.figures.Cultural_Analytics.2020.pdf?dl=0" rel="nofollow">https://www.dropbox.com/s/bsudgi90xm9p1zw/Manovich.figures.Cultural_Analytics.2020.pdf?dl=0</a> <br />/////// <br />How can we see a billion images? What analytical methods can we bring to bear on the astonishing scale of digital culture—the terabytes of photographs shared on social media every day, the hundreds of millions of songs created by twenty million musicians on Sound Cloud, the content of four billion Pinterest boards? In Cultural Analytics, Lev Manovich presents concepts and methods for computational analysis of cultural data, with a particular focus on visual media. Drawing on more than a decade of research and projects from his own lab, Manovich—the founder of the field of cultural analytics—offers a gentle, nontechnical introduction to selected key concepts of data science and discusses the ways that our society uses data and algorithms. <br />/////// <br />Manovich offers examples of computational cultural analysis and discusses the shift from “new media” to “more media”; explains how to turn cultural processes into computational data, and introduces concepts for exploring cultural datasets using data visualization as well as other recently developed methods for analyzing image and video datasets. He considers both the possibilities and the limitations of computational methods, and how using them challenges our existing ideas about culture and how to study it. <br />/////// <br />Cultural Analytics is a book of media theory. Arguing that before we can theorize digital culture, we need to see it, and that, because of its scale, to see it we need computers, Manovich provides scholars with practical tools for studying contemporary media.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="01bfe325a90625d55b2b117d58871196" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87996301,"asset_id":82220604,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87996301/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82220604"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82220604"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82220604; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82220604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82220604]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82220604; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82220604']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "01bfe325a90625d55b2b117d58871196" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82220604]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82220604,"title":"Cultural Analytics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82220604/Cultural_Analytics","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"Sm9YdEJPL1ZzVnhhYzdFSHBaS1lOM0ZVVHJmYThldUF3eExvbWhEWFoyST0tLVdZdHlZamhVRUVPOHVBUVIxY2dmVnc9PQ==--395483e2a5c031e31ed24115058af154a73fbd06"},"attachments":[{"id":87996301,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87996301/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.Cultural_Analytics.2020.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87996301/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Cultural_Analytics.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87996301/Manovich.Cultural_Analytics.2020-libre.pdf?1656247243=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCultural_Analytics.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=Y3tWoPj~qhWQRmSfSi2TGiiw44x4DF3s0jjt9ZEXMGoiEBtIYV3b~zF0y2cJ40T1UWTXxFzabVoQRGnTA30DIM6OlleSQIDNbLjAkVaZhYYYhdrbVVwGAxdqpieM~4U5u2djhVD~hUUcQ16UdzQXvtS7HNIFhHg4fM7J9noOtJbmvIs22cH06VTzoKSYO-jfAgcXEms1tU3XhstYzQtxrnyducypngqHBo3ZUpjwwYA1PZTQ7BcqwymbHvRlatIBa0Rc0i4wkrMQjPbgtS9jQ-kwoVgH1uJn9eL8JlV3aGXch6prfanKbR4nqON6hQeELkFSixOGy083Ok2N9RmapQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41332526"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41332526/AI_Aesthetics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of AI Aesthetics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61536211/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41332526/AI_Aesthetics">AI Aesthetics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Strelka Press</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">AI plays a crucial role in the global cultural ecosystem. It recommends what we should see, liste...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">AI plays a crucial role in the global cultural ecosystem. It recommends what we should see, listen to, read, and buy. It determines how many people will see our shared content. It helps us make aesthetic decisions when we create media. In professional cultural production, AI has already been adapted to produce movie trailers, music albums, fashion items, product and web designs, architecture, etc. In this short book, Lev Manovich offers a systematic framework to help us think about cultural uses of AI today and in the future. He challenges existing ideas and gives us new concepts for understanding media, design, and aesthetics in the AI era.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cdef2e991090ff7a77991bcb148e3f54" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61536211,"asset_id":41332526,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61536211/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41332526"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41332526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41332526; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41332526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41332526]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41332526; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41332526']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cdef2e991090ff7a77991bcb148e3f54" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41332526]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41332526,"title":"AI Aesthetics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41332526/AI_Aesthetics","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"bW4rb0JHQStVM2FUZTNmRXNBQklBOVJyVXdoajZLdWtVcVFHeGlhaDRTND0tLWFTUjN1TWQrc29yQUNEK1FrQ0ZyZUE9PQ==--4ce5a5842701f7760029ee954e27f169067dde7f"},"attachments":[{"id":61536211,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61536211/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.AI_Aesthetics.201820191216-88026-1ygxsn1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61536211/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"AI_Aesthetics.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61536211/Manovich.AI_Aesthetics.201820191216-88026-1ygxsn1-libre.pdf?1576564041=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAI_Aesthetics.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=CJx-e2-67rK9SpGhry7xbzT7HdLVS-cfLorGVOMwXHPIMkXAgx8fRpG~gUo~hrW3st9OE0sXh~tj89qgf0TdllgONcfnCqhenFw5zi6wsYo32G~6hi3Jk9dYQjAPYGscJ7L1Z07TQsXRf5FQNuU6UHgwJgIG6V0MgmVQtmbQW0LR~sqwZdrLGs8qVZIMf0bmM74i17Je44ndzwJfIpWhi9ehqHUTTq2v5djJ8ugdTCLQxXNpBaCcdJZqk5irYi34b8nlzaJEHV-8eQ2miaZqC-0h7daMzyktk247AmlD0U3CEOEOvusy7bPAL~XaaGIzhQkq1DxzQD7Mc7YJr5Ht4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35501327"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35501327/Instagram_and_Contemporary_Image"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Instagram and Contemporary Image" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55364876/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35501327/Instagram_and_Contemporary_Image">Instagram and Contemporary Image</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Millions of people around the world today use digital tools and platforms to create and share sop...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Millions of people around the world today use digital tools and platforms to create and share sophisticated cultural artifacts. This book focuses on one such platform: Instagram. It places Instagram image culture within a rich cultural and historical context, including history of photography, cinema, graphic design, and social media, contemporary design trends, music video, and k-pop. At the same it uses Instagram as a window into the identities of first truly global generation connected by common social media platforms, programming languages, and visual aesthetics. The book demonstrates how humanistic close reading and computational analysis of large datasets can work together by drawing on the work in Manovich's Cultural Analytics Lab with 16 million Instagram photos shared in 17 large cities worldwide since 2012.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="49ec072a93c407186e91a97b54798559" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55364876,"asset_id":35501327,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55364876/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35501327"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35501327"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35501327; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35501327]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35501327]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35501327; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35501327']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "49ec072a93c407186e91a97b54798559" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35501327]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35501327,"title":"Instagram and Contemporary Image","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35501327/Instagram_and_Contemporary_Image","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"bnZWdXFDOVBmQmwxMDBKREtQR2dxQ21uckllalNsaGwvRi9mN3RlUkNWWT0tLWM1UDJVbnNaVnFTckt2b0J0N3FLeWc9PQ==--565d7ead9d47330d82b86e2eba879aef56d43c70"},"attachments":[{"id":55364876,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55364876/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"instagram_book_manovich.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55364876/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Instagram_and_Contemporary_Image.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55364876/instagram_book_manovich-libre.pdf?1514083407=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInstagram_and_Contemporary_Image.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=GRQ0SHir-qDDGqBiwCMJZ8VMRB6nj0B8QbRnsq5xdn4LgaMxA5lgj2Yrh5JAdU75ps1yuS8G0tq25TfwjVoXDj6hOgx-H4jMC4YVdYlaytjKtUJdsambo8p6A8FkwLMbjxZALyu6Fs8EUhNqpBj~X81JTiAXhYtMDiPDB0JnACZDSqy72uyVKoclSIdjZPZlZdfOhR7BXAxJRAuREpq5LMbb2NkPBzkxE92y7CRN6WkzyviR-4zpau6tC6W3NGfs4k40KTpgmeKdjdAxlve3JbOIPz0nodQYyzV~LNfHa6OZOrwkQRP256QksyJqajEDD2nHWxpPqmOOUnF-REgtEA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="542750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/542750/Software_Takes_Command"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Software Takes Command" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38695472/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/542750/Software_Takes_Command">Software Takes Command</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the publisher: "Software has replaced a diverse array of physical, mechanical, and electroni...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the publisher: "Software has replaced a diverse array of physical, mechanical, and electronic technologies used before 21st century to create, store, distribute and interact with cultural artifacts. It has become our interface to the world, to others, to our memory and our imagination - a universal language through which the world speaks, and a universal engine on which the world runs. What electricity and combustion engine were to the early 20th century, software is to the early 21st century. Offering the first theoretical and historical account of software for media authoring and its effects on the practice and the very concept of 'media,' the author of The Language of New Media (2001) develops his own theory for this rapidly-growing, always-changing field. What was the thinking and motivations of people who in the 1960 and 1970s created concepts and practical techniques that underlie contemporary media software such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Maya, Final Cut and After Effects? How do their interfaces and tools shape the visual aesthetics of contemporary media and design? What happens to the idea of a 'medium' after previously media-specific tools have been simulated and extended in software? Is it still meaningful to talk about different mediums at all? Lev Manovich answers these questions and supports his theoretical arguments by detailed analysis of key media applications such as Photoshop and After Effects, popular web services such as Google Earth, and the projects in motion graphics, interactive environments, graphic design and architecture. Software Takes Command is a must for all practicing designers and media artists and scholars concerned with contemporary media."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d610114ce4022d3a9c35860cd213f3a9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38695472,"asset_id":542750,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38695472/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="542750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="542750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542750; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542750]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542750]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542750; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='542750']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d610114ce4022d3a9c35860cd213f3a9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=542750]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":542750,"title":"Software Takes Command","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/542750/Software_Takes_Command","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"N2tWNldWa1A0YmxGa1RCMWYrbTIxODhSTVVZb0tkZ25EVjdvQldDYlcyMD0tLXdVeFFyaGhGSmtmTkk4Ly80QlV1N0E9PQ==--0e5ba0e07a18074a8145a8d87888fb2b41a54cff"},"attachments":[{"id":38695472,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38695472/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Manovich.Software_Takes_Command.print.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38695472/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Software_Takes_Command.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38695472/Manovich.Software_Takes_Command.print-libre.pdf?1441660705=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSoftware_Takes_Command.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976266\u0026Signature=UR6KpUYK-bSW3tpCO71HJquQTOCjdSeoBiBYRKsiBzmwLtfqzc1owP15CQ4nIdgoWfzsefWLcuB7EzJtZtt1fG4M-ei3sVAo6~9KXTgtX45gRbJ5cjuFDK7jpFlJC1HRO31Qmx9v7XP3Ya3CO70wFepTxWtZZX-wFVtSbhUvlEfGDyPRjjgW-eo5Kr0f-4V8d2NN-RJypeVvq-o3HrFJGl5VfGBpCgClMjtnAaAZPxm1kkCpObnKDTrn1Zeyek1keiKgQ3sMNqmnyHi96FA6MnjkcNGkowv26yFLuJLvTni3-z5uGi4NjON63Ks4cSM~pqBRdMMVgjMaZO~bjp4o1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9802455"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802455/Software_Culture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Software Culture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802455/Software_Culture">Software Culture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the publisher: ""Qual è l’anima della cultura contemporanea? Qual è la nostra nuova interfac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the publisher: ""Qual è l’anima della cultura contemporanea? Qual è la nostra nuova interfaccia con il mondo, con la nostra memoria e la nostra immaginazione? Quali sono il linguaggio e il motore universale della società dell’informazione globale? Il software. A dieci anni di distanza dal Linguaggio dei nuovi media, Lev Manovich ci racconta i nuovi scenari digitali che stanno trasformando profondamente la nostra cultura e le nostre società. La cultura contemporanea è creata o mediata dal software culturale, utilizzato da milioni di individui, che trasporta atomi di cultura sotto forma di contenuti mediali, informazioni e interazioni umane. Questa è la prima storia dello sviluppo della software culture e del suo ruolo nella definizione dell'estetica e dei linguaggi visuali utilizzati oggi dai media."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9802455"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9802455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802455]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9802455']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9802455]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9802455,"title":"Software Culture","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9802455/Software_Culture","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"SzF0Y3JsV245TDJwOWlRakwra3R3TWxNcnJMLzlHeVJmbXNBemgwRENxUT0tLUZmM3JWeGRhc3FTOVhJREUvS25IM3c9PQ==--5841ee908c4c54613b7e334fc465d913d728495f"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9802314"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802314/Soft_Cinema_Navigating_the_Database_DVD_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Soft Cinema: Navigating the Database (DVD)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802314/Soft_Cinema_Navigating_the_Database_DVD_">Soft Cinema: Navigating the Database (DVD)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://usc.academia.edu/AndreasKratky">Andreas Kratky</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the publisher: "What kind of cinema is appropriate for the age of Palm Pilot and Google? Aut...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the publisher: "What kind of cinema is appropriate for the age of Palm Pilot and Google? Automatic surveillance and self-guided missiles? Consumer profiling and CNN? To investigate this question, Lev Manovich, one of today's most influential thinkers in the fields of media arts and digital culture, paired with award-winning new media artist and designer Andreas Kratky. They have also invited contributions from leaders in other cultural fields: DJ Spooky, Scanner, George Lewis, and Johann Johannsson (music), servo (architecture), Schoenerwissen/OfCD (information visualization), and Ross Cooper Studios (media design). <br />The results of their three-year explorations are the three 'films' presented on this DVD. Although the films resemble the familiar genres of cinema, the process by which they were created demonstrates the possibilities of soft(ware) cinema. A 'cinema,' that is, in which human subjectivity and the variable choices made by custom software combine to create films that can run infinitely without ever exactly repeating the same image sequences, screen layouts and narratives."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9802314"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9802314"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802314; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802314]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802314]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802314; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9802314']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9802314]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9802314,"title":"Soft Cinema: Navigating the Database (DVD)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9802314/Soft_Cinema_Navigating_the_Database_DVD_","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"azZHZzRSclg3TWRXN0JXbmFvN3Y5byt3b0hKblF5MWl4UXNsNVZGRFFXRT0tLVFoejFuelhZeWVBSGRWM2dYMmgyQ0E9PQ==--fbc1bf139c70d3b34a08e2fa5a22589be69a470a"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9802494"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802494/Black_Box_White_Cube"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Black Box - White Cube" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802494/Black_Box_White_Cube">Black Box - White Cube</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the publisher: "Unter den verschiedenen Gegensätzen, die die Kultur des 20. Jhdts. strukturi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the publisher: "Unter den verschiedenen Gegensätzen, die die Kultur des 20. Jhdts. strukturiert haben [und die wir geerbt haben], gab es den Gegensatz zwischen Kunstgalerie und Kino. Zum einen Hochkultur, zum anderen niedere Kultur. Zum einen ein ‘White Cube’, zum anderen eine ‘Black Box’. <br />Angesichts der Ökonomie in der Kunstproduktion - eine der Arten und Weisen, in der Objekte von individuellen Künstlern geschaffen wurden, haben die Künstler des 20. Jhdts. viel Energie aufgewandt, um experimentell herauszufinden, was im Innern der neutralen Hülle eines ‘White Cube’ untergebracht werden kann, indem sie den flachen und rechteckigen Rahmen aufbrachen [und sich in die dritte Dimension begaben], indem sie den ganzen Boden bedeckten, Objekte an die Decke hängten [, und so weiter]. Mit anderen Worten, wenn wir eine Analogie zwischen einem Kunstobjekt und einem [digitalen] Computer herstellen, können wir sagen, dass in der modernen Kunst sowohl das „physikalische Interface” als auch das „Software- Interface“ eines Kunstobjektes nicht festgelegt, sondern offen für das Experiment waren."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9802494"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9802494"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802494; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802494]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802494]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802494; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9802494']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9802494]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9802494,"title":"Black Box - White Cube","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9802494/Black_Box_White_Cube","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"enBuN2ZrSWZpUC8zYUxxcUw2NmQ3VXZNYWVSQXRUQzZKQVc2RWY0OUlqMD0tLU9nTmZ4bEJ4K0ttbTBQUmZ2THFlOEE9PQ==--225bdc95a5e353f49244930ab1a6085a5f6be4c5"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="542754"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/542754/Soft_Cinema"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Soft Cinema" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/542754/Soft_Cinema">Soft Cinema</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich">Lev Manovich</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://usc.academia.edu/AndreasKratky">Andreas Kratky</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book presents the general concepts behind Soft Cinema project, documentation of the edition ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book presents the general concepts behind Soft Cinema project, documentation of the edition produced for the exhibition "Future Cinema. The Cine-matic Imaginary after Film (November 16, 2002 – March 30, 2003) at ZKM Center for Art and Media in Karlsruhe, and a number of architectural projects created for this edition. The book concludes with the short fictional story “Texas” which this edition uses as the text for the voice-over narration. <br />Soft(ware) Cinema is a dynamic computer-driven media installation. The viewers are presented with an infinite series of narrative films constructed on the fly by the custom software. Using the systems of rules defined by the author, the software decides what appears on the screen, where, and in which sequence; it also chooses music tracks. The elements are chosen from a media database which at present contains 4 hours of video and animation, 3 hours of voice over narration, and 5 hours of music. In short, Soft Cinema can be thought of as a semi-automatic VJ (Video Jockey)—or more precisely, as a FJ (Film Jockey).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="542754"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="542754"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542754; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542754]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542754; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='542754']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=542754]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":542754,"title":"Soft Cinema","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/542754/Soft_Cinema","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OTY3bm4xNU83WEd3SE1jdjdLK2N3M2ZxcDFTMUtDTE00MDZmMWtIZGhxWT0tLXV2TlNUcTI5aVYvVnR0ZCtNMmtJTUE9PQ==--ab77f914f031101b4e04a29961d25276a4d68202"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="542739"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/542739/The_Language_of_New_Media"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Language of New Media" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/542739/The_Language_of_New_Media">The Language of New Media</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the publisher: "In this book Lev Manovich offers the first systematic and rigorous theory of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the publisher: "In this book Lev Manovich offers the first systematic and rigorous theory of new media. He places new media within the histories of visual and media cultures of the last few centuries. He discusses new media's reliance on conventions of old media, such as the rectangular frame and mobile camera, and shows how new media works create the illusion of reality, address the viewer, and represent space. He also analyzes categories and forms unique to new media, such as interface and database. <br /> <br />Manovich uses concepts from film theory, art history, literary theory, and computer science and also develops new theoretical constructs, such as cultural interface, spatial montage, and cinegratography. The theory and history of cinema play a particularly important role in the book. Among other topics, Manovich discusses parallels between the histories of cinema and of new media, digital cinema, screen and montage in cinema and in new media, and historical ties between avant-garde film and new media."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="542739"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="542739"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542739; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542739]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542739]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542739; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='542739']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=542739]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":542739,"title":"The Language of New Media","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/542739/The_Language_of_New_Media","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"aWZBMWg0U1B0R21lNCtDd2tTSDdvWUtBMjVUeEJnNnJRQU5ZK2dURDd2VT0tLStteVNWbzhEVTNkdWlOUFBZZCs5WGc9PQ==--0c1201de38ba9ed3a3518bf10fb57c77c9930405"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9802538"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802538/Metamediji"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metamediji" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802538/Metamediji">Metamediji</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the publisher: "Lev Manovič je jedan od vodećih teoretičara novih medija, profesor teorije i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the publisher: "Lev Manovič je jedan od vodećih teoretičara novih medija, profesor teorije i prakse digitalnih umetnosti na Kalifornijskom univerzitetu u San Dijegu. U svojim istraživanjima genealogije jezika novih medija, Manovič mapira istorijske i teleološke trajektorije komunikacijskih, reprezentacijskih i formalnih tehnika novih medija, polazeći od poznatog načela da nijedan medij ne deluje izolovano od drugih i da pronalazak svakog novog medija nužno referiše na prethodna iskustva."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9802538"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9802538"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802538; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802538]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802538]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802538; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9802538']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9802538]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9802538,"title":"Metamediji","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9802538/Metamediji","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OWx4ZFBoU1JFQVR0QncwME5aVnNBdmdLVDJnczh6K2YrZ0Y0Vlkwc1p2cz0tLW5QUGl2K29Sckw1M0grRW1pcWFWNFE9PQ==--5e77039e4be442bc7dee05bdefe6d507f87d95da"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9802560"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802560/Info_Aesthetics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Info Aesthetics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35975066/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9802560/Info_Aesthetics">Info Aesthetics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Info-Aesthetics scans contemporary culture to detect emerging aesthetics and computer-based cultu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Info-Aesthetics scans contemporary culture to detect emerging aesthetics and computer-based cultural forms specific to information society. Its method is a systematic comparison of our own period with the beginning of the 20th century when modernist artists created new aesthetics, new forms, new representational techniques, and new symbols of industrial society. How can we go about searching for their equivalents in information society – and does this very question make sense? Can there be forms specific to information society, given that software and computer networks redefine the very concept of form as something solid, stable and limited in space and time? <br />There are radically new representational techniques unique to own time, given that new media has largely been used in the service of older visual languages and media practices: Web TV, electronic book, interactive cinema? Can information society be represented iconically, if all its most characteristic activities – information processing, interaction between a human and a computer, telecommunication, networking – are dynamic processes? How does the super-human scale of our information structures – from 16 million lines of computer codes making Windows OS, to forty years which would take one viewer to watch all video interviews stored on digital servers of the Shoah Foundation, to the Web itself which cannot be even mapped as a whole – be translated to the scale of human perception and cognition? <br />In short, if the shift from modernism to informationalism (the term of Manual Castells) has been accompanied by a shift from form to information, can we reduce information to forms, meaningful to a human?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cc3d82eb4eaf5ac34e89c9cb03d22ec1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35975066,"asset_id":9802560,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35975066/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9802560"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9802560"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802560; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802560]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9802560]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9802560; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9802560']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cc3d82eb4eaf5ac34e89c9cb03d22ec1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9802560]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9802560,"title":"Info Aesthetics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9802560/Info_Aesthetics","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"bFEzS3drY3hRdUNCMEx1Rkc3dXYxbmVWOWROVXhqb1dubktsM0R1OEplUT0tLWt2bVNRNzgwMlJrMjlSekx1djB5OXc9PQ==--55b40c888fd4a966a8e04c328ceea69c0a0b70a8"},"attachments":[{"id":35975066,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35975066/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"info_aesthetics.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35975066/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Info_Aesthetics.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35975066/info_aesthetics-libre.pdf?1418777601=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInfo_Aesthetics.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=WxKuPPgDRTsHYmJ6h2tPEcfUixk5QYgh~Y85I1OZyMphk34uwaz0BAp5ZIv~GKcJn~bSQGsaEE8XBRtEyPoynUEwYSvJ990QHIVGL0pqJ92VtP7ONZL1MzhIzuXoD1RfJ1~1tG5CmBYc-BLW-06zVAJZW2DlNQ1wZpQKbcf0KeYIDYDF8myfNPFzCOHFZu0NfSEFVtJnsOeWroM9rNCoQ94QyRFdfZnl47zi9qY~E7XjuXhdliKS~5YOPW7iL~jZHBdjiLpkSjk-oDJRFWcXioL0p0UvE~SH~WcPU19m5wl1BMRvwH410D-CokjwgYyIIcVfL1MWo3Xn~GdBRhOszg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="542796"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/542796/Tekstura_Russian_Essays_on_Visual_Culture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tekstura: Russian Essays on Visual Culture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/542796/Tekstura_Russian_Essays_on_Visual_Culture">Tekstura: Russian Essays on Visual Culture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the publisher: "Taking its title from a Russian word that can refer to the 'texture' of life...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the publisher: "Taking its title from a Russian word that can refer to the 'texture' of life, painting, or writing, this anthology assembles thirteen key essays in art history and cultural theory by Russian-language writers. The essays erase boundaries between high and low, official and dissident, avant-garde and socialist realism, art and everyday life. Everything visual is deemed worthy of analysis, whether painting or propaganda banners, architecture or candy wrappers, mass celebrations or urban refuse. <br />Most of the essays appear here in English for the first time. The editors have selected works of the past twenty years by philosophers, literary critics, film scholars, and art historians. Also included are influential earlier essays by Mikhail Bakhtin, V. N. Voloshinov, and Sergei Eisenstein. Compiled for general readers and specialists alike, Tekstura is a valuable resource for anyone interested in Russian and Soviet cultural history or in new theoretical approaches to the visual."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="542796"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="542796"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542796; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542796]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542796]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542796; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='542796']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=542796]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":542796,"title":"Tekstura: Russian Essays on Visual Culture","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/542796/Tekstura_Russian_Essays_on_Visual_Culture","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"dW5pZnFXWFBkdFR4R2hmcU52V3YzckdDTENJYTZIam5DOGRjWG9meWRGUT0tLWFINnFPWUgrSVBuSWYrSUlDQXBONkE9PQ==--f13ba08d0044ab258bff91f851c061a13544a0e9"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2305739" id="publicationstranslatedintootherlanguages"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800612"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800612/O_que_%C3%A9_visualiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of O que é visualização?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36072477/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800612/O_que_%C3%A9_visualiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o">O que é visualização?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Neste artigo, originalmente publicado em outubro de 2010 na página eletrônica pessoal de Lev Mano...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Neste artigo, originalmente publicado em outubro de 2010 na página eletrônica pessoal de Lev Manovich (<a href="http://manovich.net" rel="nofollow">http://manovich.net</a>), o autor faz uma análise dos princípios fundamentais da visualização de informação (infovis) nos últimos 300 anos e discute seu desenvolvimento no século XXI.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cdaedcc24bab62da25b79d90a7133d51" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36072477,"asset_id":2800612,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36072477/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800612"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800612"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800612; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800612]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800612]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800612; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800612']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cdaedcc24bab62da25b79d90a7133d51" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800612]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800612,"title":"O que é visualização?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800612/O_que_%C3%A9_visualiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"enlISlhXQmxpRmtDTDVleDZkdGhydGN5dVlUb1RFeWhHTG1VazhrSkprdz0tLWk4Wlk1blpNa0F2UDZZRm9CRXRETVE9PQ==--d016185c30aa2eaef8bcf8412d716298172f41cc"},"attachments":[{"id":36072477,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36072477/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"18475-66582-1-PB.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36072477/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"O_que_e_visualizacao.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36072477/18475-66582-1-PB-libre.pdf?1419797241=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DO_que_e_visualizacao.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=AYywQrF2aTQkGNF7wdmZNO-PFrZ~UB8t4MHIzFamUV36ELdlCb3rOqGDokiqXPSpUdLtvZJVyX~XZXpr-43SvWLdqDwyWD8-Zs-1D~g0XAKZn~b-yFOX9mSQ0fQaCFvlEPdr3CERHUH8w2EJjFoAVcokqooqVSssvKB-KkLsCKPUGaeACm4U6oKVH5PGbDyZVdnis7Qw~Whxl6kIOrF4s5xrtilDd2DQazXTraCJ~0EB7lBPmDe5DqgRT9yWo9ao37d6X~FPNQ1pNUq-vqk0owOFh3urIg3kEmNyDR2fUX2hXsoeQzBtY6kxKOpfFcbw4XrlUE3gEK2DbhHJEZ5~bA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800547"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800547/Abstra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_Complexidade"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abstração e Complexidade" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36072491/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800547/Abstra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_Complexidade">Abstração e Complexidade</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tendo como aporte teórico-metodológico o paradigma da complexidade e como objeto de análise softw...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tendo como aporte teórico-metodológico o paradigma da complexidade e como objeto de análise softwares utilizados na exposição Abstraction now, o presente ensaio investiga as transformações na produção e usos de imagens abstratas ocorridas na sociedade informacional global a partir do surgimento de imagens numéricas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0df11722b5a9e4851f4682210e38c310" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36072491,"asset_id":2800547,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36072491/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800547"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800547]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800547']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0df11722b5a9e4851f4682210e38c310" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800547]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800547,"title":"Abstração e Complexidade","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800547/Abstra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_Complexidade","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"QzVpK2pFb0FZbXdqbmxBYk10SExXOGFVUFdIUUpoWDgvUFVOb2lvV1Judz0tLWsvRFhFWll4Y3lnb0JGNEV3TVdCOFE9PQ==--f8b5316bdd048a4bf1d607adeb5ddf2fce4e181b"},"attachments":[{"id":36072491,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36072491/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"9-88-1-PB.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36072491/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abstracao_e_Complexidade.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36072491/9-88-1-PB-libre.pdf?1419797344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbstracao_e_Complexidade.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=e25q7V0DfUGz5y-TDImkDL6f7OQzlk8pJxxxuZecD6iYWUoA~uHG~nNvsYVAwK302Id9he1pZ7nTlLe~bdJmA44JQn1jPl1COxKaWU58LQ12cUnmC46Ez1aRUSPzxEQjgzcAXBlaPLhtdMgtbb2ppwjYNIgZ52kreyyjDz46p7rgYqswUkFWOsMECN7~3W2JRZKPWNrfM705B~xxycv~m9DrbA8SbYdbAyqHO1KtJKDSaBKz~Vn0NuujK-J4w9ShAwVOAfMOrbGcrEmq6sgHXMIElJ0y6xY61te4Hg4TbNRuAQ7PdkDdGkFe4~aGszOI8~7QmBKVCNxUN7i7fO0BLg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800625/Comprender_los_medios_h%C3%ADbridos"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Comprender los medios híbridos" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800625/Comprender_los_medios_h%C3%ADbridos">Comprender los medios híbridos</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A mediados de la década de los noventa asistimos a una transformación fundamental en la cultura d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A mediados de la década de los noventa asistimos a una transformación fundamental en la cultura de la imagen en movimiento. Los medios de comunicación por separado―películas cinematográficas, gráficos, fotografía, animación, animación 3D por ordenador y la tipografía―comenzaron a combinarse de mil maneras. De este modo, finalizando la década, el medio" puro" de las imágenes en movimiento se volvió una excepción y los medios híbridos, la norma.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="789beda7354d4083a6d89a3c672201aa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30759253,"asset_id":2800625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759253/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "789beda7354d4083a6d89a3c672201aa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800625,"title":"Comprender los medios híbridos","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800625/Comprender_los_medios_h%C3%ADbridos","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"b0VyaGVIdXovdnF2TTN6OXQ1dDNGazdpOHFlQlVuRjdmejlKSmRJQjZsZz0tLUpoWjk3OHpXTDI3RGFOdUtSL1k5bXc9PQ==--1db3857c89f8632082a1861d8c575f7378620c84"},"attachments":[{"id":30759253,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"2011_manovich_medios_hibridos.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759253/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Comprender_los_medios_hibridos.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30759253/2011_manovich_medios_hibridos-libre.pdf?1392139084=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComprender_los_medios_hibridos.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=ShRMaIOUcML4rAHDQu48rrt6MSCf16LPbtThQvMU4JZeS3eNpRCtJCTYfncUvSkBc6hsuCg9u8BysRKuhkfBzAHmsOOtRt-QwY84d9dDpOE2QBtdU5mJP3Gbf71wQO-3I8zpllh7Z5GeNMDsQCT3IySEOT-2Ygep6bwfd1QAVHOGl3l1xmPsxMizLuAANxVzvhh3JpkzWlhM5H6m6Hsw1dS3jJLp4BN5hpgv21gzT7yTE33geQ3QoB~3I1S6Y3UmY5UoZGY7x-f2kEgD0D9uUsCQxYxvpfeTAOFeaR0ZOnD1B-U9QXWV-O8yfT0sfCVjMc8WrbHKBFKiw8QKkPQnkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="542751"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/542751/El_lenguaje_de_los_nuevos_medios_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_la_imagen_en_la_era_digital"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of El lenguaje de los nuevos medios de comunicación: la imagen en la era digital" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/3462552/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/542751/El_lenguaje_de_los_nuevos_medios_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_la_imagen_en_la_era_digital">El lenguaje de los nuevos medios de comunicación: la imagen en la era digital</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="279527980a562cc6623ecf135063cd47" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":3462552,"asset_id":542751,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3462552/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="542751"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="542751"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542751; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542751]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=542751]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 542751; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='542751']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "279527980a562cc6623ecf135063cd47" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=542751]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":542751,"title":"El lenguaje de los nuevos medios de comunicación: la imagen en la era digital","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/542751/El_lenguaje_de_los_nuevos_medios_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_la_imagen_en_la_era_digital","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"NXdjTVdkdXNRUk1YRjhER1pjMlpUU0tRcXhGc09TbUN0ZmpOUU5zbHVzRT0tLTdtMHBqNGVJcjRZMittOS9yc0tLemc9PQ==--e5de87a6f71474edbd5d586de39903cd37642302"},"attachments":[{"id":3462552,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/3462552/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"QueEsNuevosmediosM.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3462552/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"El_lenguaje_de_los_nuevos_medios_de_comu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/3462552/QueEsNuevosmediosM-libre.pdf?1390833142=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEl_lenguaje_de_los_nuevos_medios_de_comu.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=cQT-ITCf-8WqmnmuQS7eJlUkUuJvtY2Bc17N2IHBpfqyzn~gzCl0tiQlAvwJz~rwPOOLxxMNCn8sOC1Yo7YIFAaNb8jJuWDspvwXZr951Nzn2Ker1K4Ec3Pn0HQefu9EEXyAJyNjvJHOy7v5OqMLoIzsRQ1Hl2kvsH8gj-mI5Isc5g9eOIUpOcTXxpY7HnlNJ322xd8lcJCglWnOxueRan18-GT-82oDyY1tKNdVb~ZLk~b~9hhcV3TP4zPWED8I967OSTxh4-cyMMq-cS1rP6NfaBVFg6Njek9j0aZEUJyvJRetIBpKx0bCTaElRM3Bqq98kV6ujTVVceYsSMvypQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800618"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800618/Sens_dubte_encara_som_al_comen%C3%A7ament"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sens dubte encara som al començament" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36072516/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800618/Sens_dubte_encara_som_al_comen%C3%A7ament">Sens dubte encara som al començament</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">En aquesta entrevista, realitzada per Marta García Quiñones i Daniel Ranz de la revista de pensam...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">En aquesta entrevista, realitzada per Marta García Quiñones i Daniel Ranz de la revista de pensament Mania, de la Facultat de Filosofia de la Universitat de Barcelona, el teòric dels nous media ens parla del seu llibre" The Language of New Media", publicat per MIT Press, i dels projectes en els quals està treballant actualment.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8073d3f76ef2d084515f4d9d4129cd03" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36072516,"asset_id":2800618,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36072516/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800618"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800618"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800618; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800618]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800618]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800618; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800618']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8073d3f76ef2d084515f4d9d4129cd03" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800618]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800618,"title":"Sens dubte encara som al començament","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800618/Sens_dubte_encara_som_al_comen%C3%A7ament","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"cGVkcDFFd2JTeVZidDN3VFdKQWJscHhhSjlFOEpVa2tqRStYcVhNei9Oaz0tLXhhaG4xUWNRS1A4dFh5WWxUN3VZTmc9PQ==--15d7af30d2b9c59ef41fc263a3c517ac574da05e"},"attachments":[{"id":36072516,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36072516/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"artnodes_manovich_entrevis1102.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36072516/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sens_dubte_encara_som_al_comencament.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36072516/artnodes_manovich_entrevis1102-libre.pdf?1419797230=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSens_dubte_encara_som_al_comencament.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=QZBK2zHH2zYObPmvN7rSOgzG4K17bdVk6cQeRuYLcarGy6OFXO-D51MV386DHyrVsaF6qnv1q2nN8fEhjN6dja2ak9m9ZbP7rlBi7i3FKUaYmb7bZoWQAaaiUD~ZiM4FTZMfjx~7cbbuhvoOE3tOcwnrrSYPsrvlR9ejCiW-Npm31t1~n63P4l9bnOiuv9YswhLWRZA~X088uTvbjkZXNUUnwknYdyo4~fO0gbLfH4UWfubqCVAH1zJ9uXnCL83fSaQ6YdRVUZO~m7j1m-EB9WmOmUfdwdONUvSAet2m9H6y8LQT6D2-KEMepoFJun~sqahyZaYHopxpSRWmd-werA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800474"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800474/Avantgarde_som_software"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Avantgarde som software" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800474/Avantgarde_som_software">Avantgarde som software</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Resumé I artiklen “Avantgarde som software”, der hermed for første gang er oversat til dansk, vis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Resumé I artiklen “Avantgarde som software”, der hermed for første gang er oversat til dansk, viser den russisk-amerikanske kunstner og medieteoretiker Lev Manovich, hvordan det moderne computerinterface har rødder i 1920'ernes avantgarde. IT-revolutionen er ifølge Manovich ikke udtryk for en nytænkning</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f9b18bc87b144801cade1f7ade13aa42" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30759262,"asset_id":2800474,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759262/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800474"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800474"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800474; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800474]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800474]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800474; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800474']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f9b18bc87b144801cade1f7ade13aa42" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800474]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800474,"title":"Avantgarde som software","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800474/Avantgarde_som_software","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"aDlVb3R4K0x6ekgza2UzN00rd2RJYnYyMUpTSk9xM0cyYlVGdlJYazBZTT0tLVpWQjZNcEgzUWtTRXYyU0FlMWJ5eGc9PQ==--d3a1264811e46b68795717117d2d9f5b13ef7642"},"attachments":[{"id":30759262,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"1539-5925-1-PB.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759262/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Avantgarde_som_software.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30759262/1539-5925-1-PB-libre.pdf?1392105477=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAvantgarde_som_software.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=hFWTjXSaj-l7uinpLG76jop8rq5aKt~y6uQdhQGzrkF~qovGn2rypOvBl6N81NQpuaCmq2VFjbhIeY9teecBSh0uruhTmaZSApcFj62sZ4y~xFswUnO4pModN-HyzMTb40JvKCCSMYqGqQmXTYtTgKNIqt~aIB6hpWyTtQMZhCI~rB-NXUrfCYvR1E8YhbzOF0lRXTqsSocyGLqxY1vCTblMfUVIZpIIkHfA7Be2WRU67IuA7WhWfJqyJ0oZfJgVAWnmkewEGZnJJrq6TBF2nV8YIDkGMp2vwNx3K2FTiKBDe6iIEunH4ojdUse51hFIj2pOe0q~W9GIP~Z5Mmb14g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800590"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800590/Lavantguarda_com_a_programari"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of L'avantguarda com a programari" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800590/Lavantguarda_com_a_programari">L'avantguarda com a programari</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">L'article analitza la singularitat de la revolució dels nous media i la compara amb la revolució ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">L'article analitza la singularitat de la revolució dels nous media i la compara amb la revolució avantguardista en el disseny, el cinema i les arts visuals que es va esdevenir als anys deu i vint. L'autor argumenta que les tècniques avantguardistes dels anys vint es van transformar en convencionalismes del programari i la interfície de l'ordinador i reivindica que, en realitat, els nous media representen una nova avantguarda per a la societat de la informació, encara que facin servir formes modernes antiquades.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="03e70fa6850f035c68f8797c7ab545cd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30759256,"asset_id":2800590,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759256/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800590"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800590"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800590; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800590]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800590]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800590; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800590']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "03e70fa6850f035c68f8797c7ab545cd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800590]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800590,"title":"L'avantguarda com a programari","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800590/Lavantguarda_com_a_programari","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"bXFPVG9oZndWaU9ocW5wT3NLTEwwSjJ2WHJKYk9ISmc5QmRrbHBKSWlXZz0tLW13OWRzdUhwWHZkdVBkMGFtb2IvQUE9PQ==--1e51d81a848d5ed23482043a6febda22b320c840"},"attachments":[{"id":30759256,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"manovich1002_cat.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759256/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lavantguarda_com_a_programari.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30759256/manovich1002_cat-libre.pdf?1392106022=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLavantguarda_com_a_programari.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=QmaNtVsZS50S~1z6diw414M~M2EVu7faKqzFkibHM6CinAARCqPFcGNg6v6-p1ApginWImEbvSaEmBBMgShbXcgPNWbpzrN47KX3i~PElagV4mCcM8IXCdjPrZP~WIbXO~IM7xcMiIXWwj7wvRtO0~EOwUwIPT3ak8VYn~oGO9oGm2JiOhzu6cilnSl2MVuXdlC1tz~j0hRfAj-j4-2vCijrgjCo-6CXrpbSBXBkTjLc6Z2MQyBYCGjxgjmqZZbyYSdzx3Jkxgqow1E41rgc5h5pRXgW0YaBDItxc71NRdcEKj4-g4avrbjuAQVKUm2unJzdVkW~6hoxG3FbLxJ9eg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800604"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800604/Principy_nov%C3%BDch_m%C3%A9di%C3%AD"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Principy nových médií" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800604/Principy_nov%C3%BDch_m%C3%A9di%C3%AD">Principy nových médií</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In a process of cultural reconceptualization it is extremely important to identify the fundamenta...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In a process of cultural reconceptualization it is extremely important to identify the fundamental categories on which this historical change is based. Following the transition from industrial mass society to individualized post-industrial society, the author contextualizes basic principles of so called new visual media. The goal is the definition of differential features making it possible for readers to better understand the language and the logic of new (digital) media in contrast with old (analogue) ones.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4b33716038cb5b742cc4a85e787bb104" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30759252,"asset_id":2800604,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759252/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800604"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800604"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800604; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800604]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800604; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800604']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4b33716038cb5b742cc4a85e787bb104" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800604]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800604,"title":"Principy nových médií","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800604/Principy_nov%C3%BDch_m%C3%A9di%C3%AD","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"aW01OWdSTG9BaFlHTGczby9XbGZBQzlRa1hpeENlRnBxZUNUR1c1Nk5sdz0tLW1JOWtQcnBuRWZRekpBcGpJdlhFTGc9PQ==--d091844d16c54f46f6c8009dae58c90a0d03e606"},"attachments":[{"id":30759252,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"Manovich2-02i.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759252/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Principy_novych_medii.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30759252/Manovich2-02i-libre.pdf?1392154195=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPrincipy_novych_medii.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=IHRcV29QaPz~k7g1yupaeq4DWFLYaox1M9pBVZfgnrsga6-JSMXJIkSFefhQJliIaOM3Y~fsB3SEj8goOFl8eYPnDEtzb7dYgLBFWV6vSjt5amDpdEquC9IfEfsaRQ~f3IzeTb3K1gEBUgli7E~jcscCZQXP3yvl9iyb6sgVJgOjkGlQFZqg29~al-~BxPseIWXZWvp3MWqE0OT2Hfv059kZsc-FPI~4RsBnGrEGgj2h2iZsJ-CC5WAQMvCOt-WJHdhokss~3qzt3cE~usqKRhiL8qb9gnKDnfvU0sM8uwcyhoB1gFVmrt9yCQ8aUI1J1fhteZYQiYNjZlrHiYroXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="234672" id="talks"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1719258"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1719258/How_and_Why_Study_Big_Cultural_Data"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How and Why Study Big Cultural Data" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1719258/How_and_Why_Study_Big_Cultural_Data">How and Why Study Big Cultural Data</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Slides of my lecture.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d4e4caf94a621561d0127b920ad8865" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":11675731,"asset_id":1719258,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11675731/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1719258"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1719258"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1719258; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1719258]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1719258]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1719258; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1719258']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1d4e4caf94a621561d0127b920ad8865" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1719258]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1719258,"title":"How and Why Study Big Cultural Data","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1719258/How_and_Why_Study_Big_Cultural_Data","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"Sll2QTlnc1AyNmJJNUJIN2ZOdGFpbTU1YVFNY1VlT2ZZUy91M3k4SEd2RT0tLWdjN1crRFdJMENxcDlKVzBBa0E0bFE9PQ==--73ccd8dd1e72e1c45b15195e6a7c37f58b4759b6"},"attachments":[{"id":11675731,"title":"","file_type":"ppt","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"how_and_why_study_big_cultural_data_4.web_version.ppt","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11675731/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"How_and_Why_Study_Big_Cultural_Data.ppt","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11675731/how_and_why_study_big_cultural_data_4.web_version.ppt?1737932663=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_and_Why_Study_Big_Cultural_Data.ppt\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=hBP9e9GvmMq-NGjH8DJG7c8kJXEexDbneG09OmQ2Z1bVqJoDHScoQ0cUQj~0m6VNWiJCpgWvLaqgVMkuHT2qJ9~4PoBhS2IO6XvZabTRZ92MUVgLPe8mAVzkoocuTSLUWQYOrV4KzXG8d0RlaaG5tAk9A7WfDpWQ9B9cGu8WlKCggHxCcNpdKNYTZ7ydUAgxtrZrAieVuT5uvvrShN4pNnwC~dgPkILnijrIXa2mA0O8qqp7JyxMD2viVclZyXjx9cc3ZMnkECk-bEV2Va6U6QfVZ9xbPq7f41jRwsPwLvze-rMBAc8V9OnP2qD1sqzj1q7Sxft3az1W8Ff-NvTNDA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="62151" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643152"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643152/Understanding_scanlation_how_to_read_one_million_fan_translated_manga_pages"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Understanding scanlation: how to read one million fan-translated manga pages" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109990431/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643152/Understanding_scanlation_how_to_read_one_million_fan_translated_manga_pages">Understanding scanlation: how to read one million fan-translated manga pages</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="17995ddbdecda8c9214167c7b6cbf03c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109990431,"asset_id":112643152,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109990431/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643152"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643152"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643152; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643152]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643152]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643152; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643152']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "17995ddbdecda8c9214167c7b6cbf03c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643152]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643152,"title":"Understanding scanlation: how to read one million fan-translated manga pages","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643152/Understanding_scanlation_how_to_read_one_million_fan_translated_manga_pages","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"ZVNOaVhoMkFMcU16aDFGdzBsZzM4c1VaUFJ1bUw0RHNxaklZd1hnVm04ST0tLTh6N0VxeTA4Rkw1ZzJONmxQR2NIWmc9PQ==--5617533fa082aecf33066ac155a2690c3a0df698"},"attachments":[{"id":109990431,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109990431/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Understanding_20scanlation_2011final_merge-OOlinks-forthcoming.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109990431/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Understanding_scanlation_how_to_read_one.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109990431/Understanding_20scanlation_2011final_merge-OOlinks-forthcoming-libre.pdf?1704318614=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnderstanding_scanlation_how_to_read_one.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=CClTgxnoJmYVkq-JRbD6-nL-YLq8rh27e5~uEQVAScZ0NQMj2MPI9R86pbSf2MFxtOSm~5XCAaiv4cPAr4EHgWqLnSp1oWHB8g7nYzkpgdQIGNCvyPCVuQKDGoyo6jitChPRDyx3nodGyUfN1kvSOzdsrMrH8IliNEiYYJYwNJolGzdQ-09OHHqV7utwowYB41S8GuAjIqYLU~cbXflL3HtrmxdWdX4WTo3uT7gGOFkYn-ofHHf8Of76Dk3F49lviSy1PwTVGfZF~wTiuhPAGIqdr2UV-FolFb6MpYKkPDEkrxrzfgcuaGfdJib6GtGOLfc1cbvPG4KEVhQX4h-7eg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643150"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643150/Visualizing_Change_Computer_Graphics_as_a_Research_Method"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Visualizing Change: Computer Graphics as a Research Method" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643150/Visualizing_Change_Computer_Graphics_as_a_Research_Method">Visualizing Change: Computer Graphics as a Research Method</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The MIT Press eBooks</span><span>, Jul 29, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643150"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643150]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643150']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643150]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643150,"title":"Visualizing Change: Computer Graphics as a Research Method","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643150/Visualizing_Change_Computer_Graphics_as_a_Research_Method","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"L0dRMFZDVjVqbzdpMURBc0hOTzB4TU9ReU02c1pmNEZkSWt5RVJMMjF2QT0tLXNxbFpGZmZNVHovTUZ2ZHF3bXROMEE9PQ==--b903874a6189783b5ce34f5ec8cae8e98cf9062b"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643148"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643148/Zooming_into_an_Instagram_City_Reading_the_local_through_social_media"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Zooming into an Instagram City: Reading the local through social media" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643148/Zooming_into_an_Instagram_City_Reading_the_local_through_social_media">Zooming into an Instagram City: Reading the local through social media</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>First Monday</span><span>, Jun 17, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">How are users’ experiences of production, sharing, and interaction with the media they create med...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">How are users’ experiences of production, sharing, and interaction with the media they create mediated by the interfaces of particular social media platforms? How can we use computational analysis and visualizations of the content of visual social media (e.g., user photos, as opposed to upload dates, locations, tags and other metadata) to study social and cultural patterns? How can we visualize this media on multiple spatial and temporal scales? In this paper, we examine these questions through the analysis of the popular mobile photo–sharing application Instagram. First, we analyze the affordances provided by the Instagram interface and the ways this interface and the application’s tools structure users’ understanding and use of the “Instagram medium.” Next, we compare the visual signatures of 13 different global cities using 2.3 million Instagram photos from these cities. Finally, we use spatio–temporal visualizations of over 200,000 Instagram photos uploaded in Tel Aviv, Israel over three months to show how they can offer social, cultural and political insights about people’s activities in particular locations and time periods.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643148"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643148"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643148; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643148]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643148]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643148; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643148']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643148]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643148,"title":"Zooming into an Instagram City: Reading the local through social media","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643148/Zooming_into_an_Instagram_City_Reading_the_local_through_social_media","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"Uk5DSVVjN3k4Ui82ZDVSS2FoK05sRWV3c0k1RFJKT2ltVDcvWXdvd29Maz0tLXF1RFJ4WmpGcEc0V3FtZDlYS0hiS1E9PQ==--ad192bed21401c6cb96fd404cfeedc3c2d7e1ca2"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643146"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643146/Using_Web_Data_to_Reveal_22_Year_History_of_Sneaker_Designs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Using Web Data to Reveal 22-Year History of Sneaker Designs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809969/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643146/Using_Web_Data_to_Reveal_22_Year_History_of_Sneaker_Designs">Using Web Data to Reveal 22-Year History of Sneaker Designs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022</span><span>, Apr 25, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Web data and computational models can play important roles in analyzing cultural trends. The curr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Web data and computational models can play important roles in analyzing cultural trends. The current study presents an analysis of 23,492 sneaker images and metadata collected from a global reselling shop, StockX.com. Based on data encompassing 22 years from 1999 to 2020, we propose a sneaker design index that helps track changes in the design characteristics of sneakers using a contrastive learning method. Our data suggest that sneaker designs have been employing brighter colors and lower hue and saturation values over time. We also observe how popular brands have continued to build their unique identities in shape-related design space. The embedding analysis also predicts which sneakers will likely see a high premium in the reselling market, suggesting viable algorithmdriven investment and design strategies. The current work is one of the first publicly available studies to analyze product design evolution over a long historical period and has implications for the novel use of Web data to understand cultural patterns that are otherwise difficult to assess. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies → Image representations; • Applied computing → Consumer products; • Information systems → Web mining.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ecf7ea7292dd29964cd9f35ffac7127e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109809969,"asset_id":112643146,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809969/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643146"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643146"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643146; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643146]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643146]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643146; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643146']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ecf7ea7292dd29964cd9f35ffac7127e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643146]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643146,"title":"Using Web Data to Reveal 22-Year History of Sneaker Designs","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643146/Using_Web_Data_to_Reveal_22_Year_History_of_Sneaker_Designs","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"M1VaZmpJTjN2QzZQampVNC8wZW5vbUR5dDAyT0llZEZGaVUwYjRyeG05bz0tLWFTdmdqTU1Vd3dsL0lVQjgzUUVoRGc9PQ==--9674e50e21a9273f1ec91de32af023b587423683"},"attachments":[{"id":109809969,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809969/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"3485447.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809969/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Using_Web_Data_to_Reveal_22_Year_History.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809969/3485447-libre.pdf?1703990326=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUsing_Web_Data_to_Reveal_22_Year_History.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=D5nhROMH7mh8o~P-jKwNqirWlyakKna2xw-ly1FFMcmWP2l5CQlN~fPCaUkMYAWJ1LdTnh1Y4OSyJa~GRCGtMOqhmSmjffL0tS6XlsrSTFauE83nfhzO02nWCTBGb5yZHcptPPObca5Mu-ebH~Lk19lXEXdCkKKNn5ug1gsQd3Vom30wYOcvQ-kMwBBnBp0kx8xqEcsi3Yzbu52Bm7OnCP8QD48eWuYbD4IAxYcXoKOe32E~XuSEi-vkZJJ4yf1AFrNMyjhAhzXzoe2Esdvi55hEfGpE30iHZvuF3EA7elHt9hVPnWXOY6ZATS60JkGy1kUxpBa0JWRSRMfcBwxN4g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":109809970,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809970/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"3485447.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809970/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Using_Web_Data_to_Reveal_22_Year_History.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809970/3485447-libre.pdf?1703990337=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUsing_Web_Data_to_Reveal_22_Year_History.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=P7uLldYNMDAfy9atNqYkYe0g7KFb3FYqgK5h9QF07Mw~GAzox7OaEDd7nlWxksnNPxvyg9mjRr~jmjkXa-gwRlKPLojxYDx1CKP5a17kB8W4BElO6HvAUcT6R0zmsh3JQXmbGRThFbZZRuvFt7JthBWaXpeOoNboXeRQWzYkIHJG3Yj-hfp0Up3Hmj74m54ShISDBBxWHy8xYOqKFtxwjZAxLvjpEHlw3vmbfSXH8HmGWEVOcjkW2HZZ1uWd2b47hHbY31lShJXAwIGyOl~XBZEUoRUw94oUka85qtZjvhX9tqb8Q83sLQbSbkDhtrP3W2yHipzlJ~uOkEqFEQOGhg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643144"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643144/Network_Dimensions_in_the_Getty_Provenance_Index"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Network Dimensions in the Getty Provenance Index" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809968/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643144/Network_Dimensions_in_the_Getty_Provenance_Index">Network Dimensions in the Getty Provenance Index</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>arXiv (Cornell University)</span><span>, Jun 9, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this article we make a case for a systematic application of complex network science to study a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this article we make a case for a systematic application of complex network science to study art market history and more general collection dynamics. We reveal social, temporal, spatial, and conceptual network dimensions, i.e. network node and link types, previously implicit in the Getty Provenance Index® (GPI). 1 As a pioneering art history database active since the 1980s, the GPI provides online access to source material relevant for research in the history of collecting and art markets. Based on a subset of the GPI, we characterize an aggregate of more than 267,000 sales transactions connected to roughly 22,000 actors in four countries over 20 years at daily resolution from 1801 to 1820. Striving towards a deeper understanding on multiple levels we disambiguate social dynamics of buying, brokering, and selling, while observing a general broadening of the market, where large collections are split into smaller lots. Temporally, we find annual market cycles that are shifted by country and obviously favor international exchange. Spatially, we differentiate near-monopolies from regions driven by competing sub-centers, while uncovering asymmetries of international market flux. Conceptually, we track dynamics of artist attribution that clearly behave like product categories in a very slow supermarket. Taken together, we introduce a number of meaningful network perspectives dealing with historical art auction data, beyond the analysis of social networks within a single market region. The results presented here have inspired a Linked Open Data conversion of the GPI, which is currently in process and will allow further analysis by a broad set of researchers. 2</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a785c0c85cc55232ddb1636c06197adb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109809968,"asset_id":112643144,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809968/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643144"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643144"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643144; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643144]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643144]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643144; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643144']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a785c0c85cc55232ddb1636c06197adb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643144]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643144,"title":"Network Dimensions in the Getty Provenance Index","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643144/Network_Dimensions_in_the_Getty_Provenance_Index","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"d1dtcUpUK0dwd1VFRy80bm5FL0Z0OWxaQUJWK1pJSWxSUWFYWit0eTZlND0tLXBVeWN0SzBMbi9JRFNUb01ZWS9lNnc9PQ==--4032ad172ef4ad05cfdbe552da8b3a3f8c39eccd"},"attachments":[{"id":109809968,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809968/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1706.02804.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809968/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Network_Dimensions_in_the_Getty_Provenan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809968/1706.02804-libre.pdf?1703990132=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNetwork_Dimensions_in_the_Getty_Provenan.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=aSyIyNKnY8e7STWGuwecPwmcj6LizDnyaTl-LdAG3HeNWb9MRbL2x4a-1E5Fs-RC4iKSXOeKb1Xy0p6HCU8JOXQbT~6gMs3R76VFXEXyOEH3e9aj43D7z1vyh4LQGaUFkCD9ORMfDUf3js5EY7-a0sbzl5xwUBAFaN~SZKcAb7FICvN8iR8OiN73-HUkn-ltswP3XvtNCXEw5eFo91Qr~xFwskcGQeO4dzknCV8FA4kJ-SW8~SMJW3XuKtkiV3jXtH1Rs76avGRNWUqdPgOmC9t9FBjO-BtLsawHhhbvE0ZljRP3fB4NiV99wGD-lWE0VPmt-mF7xxZo7ffp9d6RWQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643142"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643142/Urban_Social_Media_Inequality_Definition_Measurements_and_Application"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Urban Social Media Inequality: Definition, Measurements, and Application" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809966/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643142/Urban_Social_Media_Inequality_Definition_Measurements_and_Application">Urban Social Media Inequality: Definition, Measurements, and Application</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>arXiv (Cornell University)</span><span>, Jul 7, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Social media content shared today in cities, such as Instagram images, their tags and description...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Social media content shared today in cities, such as Instagram images, their tags and descriptions, is the key form of contemporary city life. It tells people where activities and locations that interest them are and it allows them to share their urban experiences and self-representations. Therefore, any analysis of urban structures and cultures needs to consider social media activity. In our paper, we introduce the novel concept of social media inequality. This concept allows us to quantitatively compare patterns in social media activities between parts of a city, a number of cities, or any other spatial areas. We define this concept using an analogy with the concept of economic inequality. Economic inequality indicates how some economic characteristics or material resources, such as income, wealth or consumption are distributed in a city, country or between countries. Accordingly, we can define social media inequality as the measure of the distribution of characteristics from social media content shared in a particular geographic area or between areas. An example of such characteristics is the number of photos shared by all users of a social network such as Instagram in a given city or city area, or the content of these photos. We propose that the standard inequality measures used in other disciplines, such as the Gini coefficient, can also be used to characterize social media inequality. To test our ideas, we use a dataset of 7,442,454 public geo-coded Instagram images shared in Manhattan during five months (March-July) in 2014, and also selected data for 287 Census tracts in Manhattan. We compare patterns in Instagram sharing for locals and for visitors for all tracts, and also for hours in a 24-hour cycle. We also look at relations between social media inequality and socioeconomic inequality using selected indicators for Census tracts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="418c73c2456298fc7871123f962d6887" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109809966,"asset_id":112643142,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809966/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643142"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643142"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643142; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643142]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643142; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643142']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "418c73c2456298fc7871123f962d6887" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643142]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643142,"title":"Urban Social Media Inequality: Definition, Measurements, and Application","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643142/Urban_Social_Media_Inequality_Definition_Measurements_and_Application","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"ZkJoNm42bjdVVWN1RTdTUTdnRHk1c0cxSitjdkEzTVo3alpmeGt4M1ZuUT0tLVZmREFCR0dBbFprWURQQk9pZFBjMnc9PQ==--deb13b28e30720f9bbe242796d1bee850cdb4b82"},"attachments":[{"id":109809966,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809966/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1607.01845.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809966/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Urban_Social_Media_Inequality_Definition.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809966/1607.01845-libre.pdf?1703990165=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUrban_Social_Media_Inequality_Definition.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=WaluSjxy0BmyP5fO-1zag54fW7fDsMALIsUtcCOV-lHLLTUlLWLIoA0rdbzNS3nct0RF75Om2ir3OcfxTCACZ2baNbPxR4zGjOBDp6hBkFedNy4L6Y4-haN~lCGdbW2g3-mUyVpA0xV0sGITbOeH8EXeGc1SMrEAqn43TZARV6SWHcrcSx3eY97P053Ek0oE5l0mbtIP04Ky7PHeTPHFPe6tCiE3ciWcKjCwni-bLtB2g~qml3RvZij8rrVs5odUzLw6CF3eVdMO4wsJUbOWP48x1Qowli2RMTKRVZbiFXlj8HcgNvIQS8DTYHK9YdKR2FfMEKX1hyslLdVgcB6ulA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":109809967,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809967/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1607.01845.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809967/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Urban_Social_Media_Inequality_Definition.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809967/1607.01845-libre.pdf?1703990312=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUrban_Social_Media_Inequality_Definition.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=V6miH-CeNqjDaewFBZswkhxreQbGGE3oul22QpGPwguy7bCVwkLaJDaZkDm8crgwOegTYh2ydgMg0Mlvslwd0m4alLKiGgMxo5MhE2mUFR57wJamTV2oa8pMkND80xpHvK0WduPfxMnjYSlBPFakKyyj24VzvRnq4HFiHwv1wVhfB9GphyWQTAg5U5e4UM7sRAjEpon3vzcTWxEgPLyWpf3aOb4haZphWLhX4vlQJktmUv1PlF6aRS3yjCxuEI8MZLff-0BiAbx8JMxcgHAzKcLB19JTWEvxTHV2-khp0uSahPbC0CHIfIhk0iEULxvnefElifqFr3OhD7kkAKX4mA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643140"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643140/Neural_Embedding_of_Sneaker_Designs_over_23_Years"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neural Embedding of Sneaker Designs over 23 Years" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643140/Neural_Embedding_of_Sneaker_Designs_over_23_Years">Neural Embedding of Sneaker Designs over 23 Years</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643140"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643140"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643140; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643140]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643140]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643140; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643140']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643140]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643140,"title":"Neural Embedding of Sneaker Designs over 23 Years","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643140/Neural_Embedding_of_Sneaker_Designs_over_23_Years","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"QVhKUGIyTk9vVFBtUzc3R0ZpNTlFQmUxWkV4WEdjRTlZSzhSbnIxZ2NuRT0tLTNxTFN2cEU2blhPOXNpNW0zTkIxbmc9PQ==--35f5301c6cfd43ed6aa89d83c161c288a29012a6"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643139"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643139/Visualizing_Spatio_Temporal_Social_Patterns_in_Instagram_Photos"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Visualizing Spatio-Temporal Social Patterns in Instagram Photos" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810008/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643139/Visualizing_Spatio_Temporal_Social_Patterns_in_Instagram_Photos">Visualizing Spatio-Temporal Social Patterns in Instagram Photos</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using spatio-temporal visualizations of large sets of Instagram photos, we show how the collectiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using spatio-temporal visualizations of large sets of Instagram photos, we show how the collective volume, spatial patterns and aggregated visual features in specific time and place can offer social, cultural and political insights.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e9622fa9b754f695376daeb4c7929594" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109810008,"asset_id":112643139,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810008/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643139"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643139"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643139; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643139]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643139; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643139']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e9622fa9b754f695376daeb4c7929594" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643139]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643139,"title":"Visualizing Spatio-Temporal Social Patterns in Instagram Photos","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643139/Visualizing_Spatio_Temporal_Social_Patterns_in_Instagram_Photos","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"SHVXVy9LWE9WME4wSk1leFM1OUVsMXdnMXVVK3V2OS9NckNudmM1QUtybz0tLVVjRXplcGNIK2lrT3hpMHh2aDlaWVE9PQ==--cc8435e31869af18c0fca48af83dd53e2807d552"},"attachments":[{"id":109810008,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810008/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"paper_56.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810008/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Visualizing_Spatio_Temporal_Social_Patte.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109810008/paper_56-libre.pdf?1703990114=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVisualizing_Spatio_Temporal_Social_Patte.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=Nz5bJDAcUh2g9H~k9HAqdDPJlSTHRDXzjN9g8Cd6i-JVIs7xe5wXvRm1q4G7vngPq58FqaTEun9A6QBJfCEHN-fhtFwX02czpBTdh82IQkSOkrRZDC2COsaDqr2O7rFjFKNERlOmFQ1UX4Uhu7W4IMxxIjK28DBn04mvV9-f-yrDTrV6NjG8DKr0cKfR1kvEntdiJj3oQ3uiK6Izsv2LG0QLo0zgDGeupNqL0AqEGfTArJmRngoPB1N~YusDK5K9Fuvj7KkSL10OXnz5DuS~NhNatO63w-tBi-eyrjU4acc5Uvem0paGA01oWsl~rbg75GzlFFPDnqUTlk-TAmfnJw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643138"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643138/Age_of_Algorithms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Age of Algorithms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809965/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643138/Age_of_Algorithms">Age of Algorithms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Central European Journal of Communication</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="01d3615477f90bf9cb1cae03d8579058" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109809965,"asset_id":112643138,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809965/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643138"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643138]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643138']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "01d3615477f90bf9cb1cae03d8579058" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643138]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643138,"title":"Age of Algorithms","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643138/Age_of_Algorithms","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"TC9rOVlKdGVDVk1Bbk1mWGNiZEhxZTdNc0U3aDlIMC9jWGdUQVFad1hqYz0tLU1WSWpKSkJRTlpxU3F2WkRMN3N6aUE9PQ==--aca23de6f1eb27c9a70307f5b7644e0711536d13"},"attachments":[{"id":109809965,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809965/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"197.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809965/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Age_of_Algorithms.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809965/197-libre.pdf?1703990112=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAge_of_Algorithms.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=Di3V2ztdTkvqHFkSX2GdE6UQopBj~hOaP4g9uNcrK-tIZ1bLU9mb3x9tayTkriAC-VO1~iKY0Q5VtXz0KQdDYukO94nBSotbuatF9NmhUf1K38AnH~buwqYJ9CNKZ3qvKItZkCemp8WKAtVh-4k6pSRy198EpyWCMwq16uqJTLyIVp6Y15x1yrtc~tAMRCRIODi2iffz0-Sttk1QqWdLtJ81zZBEA3O-lTL61re~zZa8GNAOX9-13dPyb3-M4oIDxsqXkhDKWqP2Wzfaz-A3NyafoRuuHFYMUVWApInrvevbD-XxtwKSwxVaTfWpB7HLIMNO8L7qbsdCsrnRG4dbpQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":109809964,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109809964/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"197.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109809964/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Age_of_Algorithms.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109809964/197-libre.pdf?1703990119=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAge_of_Algorithms.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=TCYYg36W8I8uQOcD9ug2OLBAdBtO9TacDn0jXUX8Tcc-VeSpWmZoqT2hO5FiAsAj6PODNxx0kvcmMdctgLhT5ivj~9u9bPbL-PHOsY86YeHYQ2bFFwcNxj3WsqnePDSgsxWg-PBHu1bujkpPbPYRBG2Cd5p0-ytQQVvyUNZPiDfeijp-f5R6GVZLPD0s1jBz~fmBFfAna~jHGFduzesV8F~qy2hiBUzs1h~O~AE6eQ2IVaKuY9FoTxhzdTqe2cUYIdWecDD0Ae39epZqJxwg6NDVc7PwQvC2vGTLYl06TxRCjtivloecech2G0b~t1IXLsUcWv6tiluuj5Ji-he5~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643137"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643137/Cultural_Viz_An_Aesthetic_Approach_to_Cultural_Analytics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cultural Viz: An Aesthetic Approach to Cultural Analytics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810007/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643137/Cultural_Viz_An_Aesthetic_Approach_to_Cultural_Analytics">Cultural Viz: An Aesthetic Approach to Cultural Analytics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Leonardo</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Cultural Analytics (C.A.) is an approach for analyzing media and digital culture using data metho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Cultural Analytics (C.A.) is an approach for analyzing media and digital culture using data methods and visual computing techniques. This article explores the aesthetic value of C.A. by approaching cultural visualizations as digital artworks. The authors present a variety of techniques developed since 2007 by members of the C.A. lab for creating visualizations of media artifacts and collections of images. Through a series of projects conducted by them, the authors discuss the artistic meaning of media visualizations and their experience in art exhibitions, workshops and seminars.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8c6f8733c60ec12a807bdf26ceeecb88" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109810007,"asset_id":112643137,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810007/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643137"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643137]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643137']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8c6f8733c60ec12a807bdf26ceeecb88" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643137]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643137,"title":"Cultural Viz: An Aesthetic Approach to Cultural Analytics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643137/Cultural_Viz_An_Aesthetic_Approach_to_Cultural_Analytics","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"cWEvUlZnUktDOG1VOE16c2VLVlZaQ3lpSzMxd2h2YXE3WnFkS3FtNUxBbz0tLXBkZS9qdUcvWW1mejMvWmszR09Kd0E9PQ==--19efd725cea1aba9b3563691dab9d3049cb6f3d0"},"attachments":[{"id":109810007,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810007/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"12003.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810007/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Cultural_Viz_An_Aesthetic_Approach_to_Cu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109810007/12003-libre.pdf?1703990113=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCultural_Viz_An_Aesthetic_Approach_to_Cu.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=gEjwmGJcM04e3sVuGcWR6NusLFvKp84po-~llWtdPDqhAQRP3mILra0k02ilyyVZeyORZPVIe2I86Dksv37U5n3fVwwM2X7NyYqa-Szs3304EN1pTW3C0eoMoA7S5M9ty-Krp5F96wLYkQU4E7QZgZhv9WDHhUMeI6Oj9Ls0XaY12iYvalFdA3QwJ2Dv3oowdHBNsPlu~0vBoQPFHSMZnuYbYAjPBRAEpw-Vwy5URGzA086X35WkwDfoBjSYv-wToTuOqRf~l05WZpn48uqRLPp8b-PwK3nafqKtYiRvnPcGSdR4HezcION4u1KEqrWV0n3QcvBP9gKA8UWCdgX02A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643136"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643136/Qi_huan_shi_jie_Guo_ji_ke_ji_yi_shu_shen_du_dui_tan_wen_ji"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Qi huan shi jie: Guo ji ke ji yi shu shen du dui tan wen ji" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643136/Qi_huan_shi_jie_Guo_ji_ke_ji_yi_shu_shen_du_dui_tan_wen_ji">Qi huan shi jie: Guo ji ke ji yi shu shen du dui tan wen ji</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643136"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643136"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643136; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643136]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643136]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643136; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643136']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643136]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643136,"title":"Qi huan shi jie: Guo ji ke ji yi shu shen du dui tan wen ji","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643136/Qi_huan_shi_jie_Guo_ji_ke_ji_yi_shu_shen_du_dui_tan_wen_ji","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"NkdkMWhlZThibGZ6Z3Y3SkxLRER3TjdBS2M1RDFCZzEzdXIvaytsRGRydz0tLXg2SDlaTmQ3anRDaFMxUG1IOFg3ZGc9PQ==--61f41997153cc6c10cbc1f67c2eb260f59697c4c"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643135"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643135/Visualizing_Global_News"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Visualizing Global News" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643135/Visualizing_Global_News">Visualizing Global News</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643135"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643135"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643135; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643135]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643135]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643135; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643135']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643135]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643135,"title":"Visualizing Global News","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643135/Visualizing_Global_News","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"OUl2TTNBNzF2YTNYZmNkQmF1Nk0vc1QySjMzU3JnVWIwRHBwUlY4bGVMbz0tLSt3UVFWaDlxYldXbmpIYnVDd21qZ1E9PQ==--0116f7b48fed5f8e0f4b5df81956f010db5a6c52"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643134"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643134/Digital_Image_Analysis_and_Interactive_Visualization_of_1000000_Manga_Pages"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Digital Image Analysis and Interactive Visualization of 1000000 Manga Pages" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643134/Digital_Image_Analysis_and_Interactive_Visualization_of_1000000_Manga_Pages">Digital Image Analysis and Interactive Visualization of 1000000 Manga Pages</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643134"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643134"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643134; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643134]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643134]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643134; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643134']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643134]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643134,"title":"Digital Image Analysis and Interactive Visualization of 1000000 Manga Pages","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643134/Digital_Image_Analysis_and_Interactive_Visualization_of_1000000_Manga_Pages","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"eGhraEJPQnVMQkpkMWRnVzRzaWcwNnMrNWlNTTV0b3l0MVFqLzVWOG1paz0tLWE3OTNpcEhkN1ZJWU53a082SHdUc2c9PQ==--0114168574bef3b0e341b050828d4d4da6684ab1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643133"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643133/The_Image_of_a_Data_City_Studying_the_Hyperlocal_with_Social_Media"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Image of a Data City: Studying the Hyperlocal with Social Media" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810006/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643133/The_Image_of_a_Data_City_Studying_the_Hyperlocal_with_Social_Media">The Image of a Data City: Studying the Hyperlocal with Social Media</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Architectural Design</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sharing photos, videos and comments on social media may seem an idle pastime, but it is not witho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sharing photos, videos and comments on social media may seem an idle pastime, but it is not without its uses where urban design is concerned. Analysing such posts can yield helpful indicators as to how people experience the built environment. Lev Manovich and Agustin Indaco, of the Software Studies Lab at the University of California, San Diego and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, here outline two of the Lab&#39;s recent research projects, which have involved examining extensive Instagram data from various cities around the globe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9dbc5a5fb69eb27a1bad3a1c04510c8e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109810006,"asset_id":112643133,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810006/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643133"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643133"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643133; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643133]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643133; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643133']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9dbc5a5fb69eb27a1bad3a1c04510c8e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643133]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643133,"title":"The Image of a Data City: Studying the Hyperlocal with Social Media","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643133/The_Image_of_a_Data_City_Studying_the_Hyperlocal_with_Social_Media","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"TGZpU1l1L21wZXBrQTlabEFOZThOQmRBN1pUSmpYL0h2czg0VVhybWpmWT0tLTl2d0F4OGwzVlJuSmgvdS9DdW1FVGc9PQ==--ff8a551efe07a0fe02996bf84f8a668b77ad61ea"},"attachments":[{"id":109810006,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810006/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ad.214020231231-1-ziq4k6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810006/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Image_of_a_Data_City_Studying_the_Hy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109810006/ad.214020231231-1-ziq4k6-libre.pdf?1703990110=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Image_of_a_Data_City_Studying_the_Hy.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=QRwn8qzT3OGtIk4c14wz1xeCSblouha6XVFp-mKQpcPVzVJGsSt8H-SaapRTUP-GyGGOlDeoH4BIjT6rEiynA8B2L-TO3ZuzM53EGr7y-5r9~I8knsN4PSDBCQhDC-hdY4RazzbbdRLqkxVdQCHPxZP7Pv9TifyQguLhSGF3ezX~LD20iDPwiBXuqT39rDFVuIsPIfvn~WkMetyxcSZ17NeeQv8DZhXqXAX~SNHdJxggEKjosRa-aJJxygjP7XAM7x6vL5Hb2qDgJvqzeEKK-hI8A5lskaG74fL0ISwkYgxYMF0OX5pAGZGOZeU-jqSfsYgH7TpMOQJzTgsqXpayGg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643132"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643132/What_Makes_Photo_Cultures_Different"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What Makes Photo Cultures Different?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810004/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643132/What_Makes_Photo_Cultures_Different">What Makes Photo Cultures Different?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the 24th ACM international conference on Multimedia</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Billions of photos shared online today are created by people with different socioeconomic charact...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Billions of photos shared online today are created by people with different socioeconomic characteristics living in different locations. We introduce a number of methods for quantifying the differences between such "photo cultures" and apply them to a large collection of Instagram images shared in five mega-cities around the world. First, we extract image content and style features and use them to design a new visualization technique for qualitative analysis of photo cultures. We then use supervised learning to automatically recognize and compare visual activity at different locations and expose surprising connections between geographically distant photo cultures. Finally, we perform a low-level quantitative analysis to understand what makes photo cultures different from each other.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fb1ae4b8c5c6c4ecc35da56bd8c96637" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109810004,"asset_id":112643132,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810004/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643132"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643132"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643132; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643132]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643132; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643132']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fb1ae4b8c5c6c4ecc35da56bd8c96637" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643132]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643132,"title":"What Makes Photo Cultures Different?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643132/What_Makes_Photo_Cultures_Different","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"emdmUGVMTzdURWpTWGdwS2FVZ1JSOCs2c0lFUHowRTR4R1ZhOHdkcktLND0tLTZXN1NiUlUzdDhuMlF3d0JJTjVoNWc9PQ==--026ef0acf149f1f032856e3c314b64cf54b78312"},"attachments":[{"id":109810004,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810004/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"MM2016_Miriam.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810004/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_Makes_Photo_Cultures_Different.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109810004/MM2016_Miriam-libre.pdf?1703990112=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_Makes_Photo_Cultures_Different.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=KMsCxvaTWs6TTrOvS~CJ9~aaEDxoPXuuYiQe0hP~KySpmD7IVrJk04XwGPrDWyxK1FnmY4-NIREaIo9bz6MEqSP0Erwfb-CVh~~nTrMEZjvbYlf0PNEYCs9AVZxY8av2Jo7yxEy6uvlV3Vtzjkq9giMA5GmWS3CJNHmsNBz5AdzO-SelOrxKYioJZVmxSep4c80aYuX1KdlFCWq9PpiL~aaf7b8MW4XMxzWAwIjFJ7fA1fmMUgdSzAIR5fWgGwJIvaXTAjbbTstOURUhotwSWp40OszfNgRqevnzMxmtzY8WiPaunLhDakc~eDq48Mdw4wA9y3WnwdXDz9fKr5jdow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643131"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643131/Predicting_social_trends_from_non_photographic_images_on_Twitter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Predicting social trends from non-photographic images on Twitter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643131/Predicting_social_trends_from_non_photographic_images_on_Twitter">Predicting social trends from non-photographic images on Twitter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humanists use historical images as sources of information about social norms, behavior, fashion, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humanists use historical images as sources of information about social norms, behavior, fashion, and other details of particular cultures, places and periods. Dutch Golden Era paintings, works by French Impressionists, and 20th century street photography are just three examples of such images. Normally such visuals directly show objects of interests such as social scenes, city streets, or peoples dresses. But what if masses of images shared on social networks contain information about social trends even if these images do not directly represent objects of interest? This is the question we investigate in our study. In the last few years researchers have shown that aggregated characteristics of large volumes of social media are correlated with many socio-economic characteristics and can also predict a range of social trends. The examples include flu trends, success of movies, and measures of social well-being of populations. Nearly all such studies focus on text content, such as posts on Twitter and Facebook. In contrast, we focus on images. We investigate if features extracted from Tweeted images can predict a number of socio-economic characteristics. Our dataset is one million images shared on Twitter during one year in 20 different U.S. cities. We classify the content of these images using the state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network GoogLeNet and then select the largest category that we call &quot;image-texts&quot; - non-photographic images that are typically screen shots of websites or text-message conversations. We construct two features describing patterns in image-texts: aggregated sharing rate per year per city, and the sharing rate per hour over a 24-hour period aggregated over one year in each city. We find that these features are correlated with self-reported social well-being responses from Gallup surveys, and also median housing prices, incomes, and education levels. These results suggest that particular types of social media images can be used to predict social characteristics not readily detectable in images.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643131"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643131"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643131; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643131]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643131]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643131; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643131']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643131]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643131,"title":"Predicting social trends from non-photographic images on Twitter","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643131/Predicting_social_trends_from_non_photographic_images_on_Twitter","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"V2lkSU43Z1RoNzYyR2FjUW1QalNOUUlDcEpLeCt3YytkeitEMkVnQU9WVT0tLVpGUDd5ZEZZTlc5clE0aTA4V2FXMGc9PQ==--5cd699cca564d0098f89015d26db527f6f2ea513"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643130"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643130/Trending_The_Promises_and_the_Challenges_of_Big_Social_Data"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Trending: The Promises and the Challenges of Big Social Data" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810005/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643130/Trending_The_Promises_and_the_Challenges_of_Big_Social_Data">Trending: The Promises and the Challenges of Big Social Data</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Debates in the Digital Humanities</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Today the term "big data" is often used in popular media, business, computer science and computer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Today the term "big data" is often used in popular media, business, computer science and computer industry. For instance, in June 2008 Wired magazine opened its special section on "The Petabyte Age" by stating: "Our ability to capture, warehouse, and understand massive amounts of data is changing science, medicine, business, and technology. As our collection of facts and figures grows, so will the opportunity to find answers to fundamental questions" ("The Petabyte Age"). In February 2010, Economist started its special report "Data, data everywhere" with the phrase "the industrial revolution of data" (coined by computer scientist Joe Hellerstein) and then went to note that "The effect is being felt everywhere, from business to science, from government to the arts" ("Data, data everywhere"). Discussions in popular media usually do not define "big data" in qualitative terms. However, in computer industry the term has a more precise meaning: "Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, manage, and process the data within a tolerable elapsed time. Big data sizes are a constantly moving target currently ranging from a few dozen terabytes to many petabytes of data in a single data set" ("Big data")..</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6177d32ef7d673dec930f1640e18117d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109810005,"asset_id":112643130,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810005/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643130"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643130]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643130; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643130']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6177d32ef7d673dec930f1640e18117d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643130]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643130,"title":"Trending: The Promises and the Challenges of Big Social Data","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643130/Trending_The_Promises_and_the_Challenges_of_Big_Social_Data","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"Wld1NUJBZmp0a2t2empVUWVEWWdZSE81VTMwTlRwRnY0TXllbXVMSFlEWT0tLVR5cmVsWWxaOWl6UWFqajIxU015dFE9PQ==--d1bf8fd0dbac4f8c591d85ccf26f5a33665a2427"},"attachments":[{"id":109810005,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810005/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fafb4bfcf8f9b210de01ac5208b0d916147e.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810005/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Trending_The_Promises_and_the_Challenges.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109810005/fafb4bfcf8f9b210de01ac5208b0d916147e-libre.pdf?1703990110=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTrending_The_Promises_and_the_Challenges.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=RQ834PZBdN605lps~4alqDGmGOiallIommYGVYCasZof2gysWMx6b8kFpwuysZrr7LTkSuepbKDxk2O53WdPDPbaD0HoiHwwpZa-IRk7~BWYBjKqdeb9UBsudJb5MLM9S64F1dIqHI7DX8XgG0JOV-K79bYKYPYXQZKjfq1TM9w9MEm2kgCMZEmFLpd455NH7cZgpfbaJ8w437qvmhuYYgFl3dYP4eF99MUBf0UN7Z1PZaCw7jI31V7mU9Pky619C4N3hDU-mIwARrdwX6pNMQVk1NXewWPf46FKn8kHk0gcZHr0geYUMeSgWRKKJCZDBeUbNuLpMulSRR3JFlyyyA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643129"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643129/Selfiecity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Selfiecity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643129/Selfiecity">Selfiecity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Postdigital Aesthetics</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643129"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643129"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643129; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643129]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643129]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643129; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643129']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643129]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643129,"title":"Selfiecity","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643129/Selfiecity","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"QlJGZEIwaHNtaERYendla2UvL1BHNnkreHk4alNxcUg5TGQ3K2VYZUQzbz0tLXhvNm1yemlwdUN4R1Y1K2VFd0FGSGc9PQ==--b9c8c442d4bc0bbd3922dc6f73effa3d54d1978e"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643128"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643128/How_to_Compare_One_Million_Images"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to Compare One Million Images?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810003/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643128/How_to_Compare_One_Million_Images">How to Compare One Million Images?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Understanding Digital Humanities</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9f73dc420a3ee3c6c720866b77064096" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109810003,"asset_id":112643128,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810003/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643128"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643128"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643128; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643128]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643128]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643128; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643128']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9f73dc420a3ee3c6c720866b77064096" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643128]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643128,"title":"How to Compare One Million Images?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643128/How_to_Compare_One_Million_Images","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"eVQ5bTNsN2RXTjNtNVRiSTN3dzVGai92Z1NZRzR0cE1uNGZIckhGQUNOUT0tLTVVM3phUnEvZWpTMFZSWWNMOFF4V0E9PQ==--5f1726a1539c476a1f705a6448717f9886a0cbce"},"attachments":[{"id":109810003,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810003/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"c406935800741959bf2ab74e063fda15f0d3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810003/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"How_to_Compare_One_Million_Images.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109810003/c406935800741959bf2ab74e063fda15f0d3-libre.pdf?1703990122=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_to_Compare_One_Million_Images.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=Z9pKRf3XRRyDIa8NmyXgKZgmkoO9-pUv5qyjp15hQz3z9m0AaNYxBpHCZd28IutPW9hzhe3VeCCZBAEN1MMo-G8GzfFAehyIWMOcmVI2S5QfXAd4amzqmgSyzrAz3Vs~MI1By--2VQg5XDEvEFzTdCFz0tAp-z7HRIaU5c0Udm6Fnme8nPFHk4pYFyazobMN64xDfbYPSaT1niQ1jOnzUx-IrpDfvSX2AZCgWfLOL~WdEMUh52Ng8jqnMbgNrH1Z5CUNEhi5soQdhFKhI9ShRuh2FsXSNCgb4gzRWHAflImOAkSitf52qX2xUvv4JKT6~j~ejQZhLqft-vCi5~imrA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112643127"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643127/What_is_visualisation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What is visualisation?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810002/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112643127/What_is_visualisation">What is visualisation?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Visual Studies</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study pu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9cb5cbba445d2b8b7e3b7ad0c430748f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109810002,"asset_id":112643127,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810002/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112643127"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112643127"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643127; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643127]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112643127]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112643127; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112643127']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9cb5cbba445d2b8b7e3b7ad0c430748f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112643127]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112643127,"title":"What is visualisation?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112643127/What_is_visualisation","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"Um9ZR0dsQmJtZWNBR2w0Q1g4bFRmbE1TV1BTSDgvbStRR3gvcE5NT085ST0tLTJsMktBR2pmeVJUQmZWYkRTSlN0TVE9PQ==--c7d9de0cd96c6f96f8d0bf94f8887556a337ab53"},"attachments":[{"id":109810002,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109810002/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"What_is_Visualization.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109810002/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_is_visualisation.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109810002/What_is_Visualization-libre.pdf?1703990114=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_is_visualisation.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=EB~BPLhCBqA4zalCVzWzbmqNS8btFxZBNTKYUFJg1o5LrePDlsTY-IVpKbGSPFqiUg85d1rYzea84kVh~jiQi2~n9e-YURO4YZV3olSu3yXnsbTFFkWQrt10LWx~pD8HTOrKnIAEoJVXmUctJWW65ILnbSQELRj0fZ4z8UnGouus0rV-fMTpg~FBgRUE0RsQD92d1~g9qFzkcM4Q2537eHjIjY30q90uAGTQukEOMkm-1T1VUu2KdCl2NJ0M8gOpm2~bx7y-S0rvaqteDOX1P9pNvM-jbgR5c7z2r9tHAyFlqP9Ftzmzkmlcku6beL9f6U3LnLtqGswtJX9gwyFe3Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2305728" id="phddissertation"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2800644"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800644/The_Engineering_of_Vision_from_Constructivism_to_Computers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Engineering of Vision from Constructivism to Computers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800644/The_Engineering_of_Vision_from_Constructivism_to_Computers">The Engineering of Vision from Constructivism to Computers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The dissertation presents a history of modern ideas about vision. I believe that vision is not a ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The dissertation presents a history of modern ideas about vision. I believe that vision is not a timeless concept; rather, each period understands vision differently depending on how it is used. In the twentieth century, vision acquired new roles as the medium of mass communication and the instrument of labor, and, as any other productive tool, it was subjected to engineering, rationalization and automation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08de5d2d96c3d072b29c87d906f540da" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30759254,"asset_id":2800644,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759254/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2800644"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2800644"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800644; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800644]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2800644]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2800644; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2800644']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "08de5d2d96c3d072b29c87d906f540da" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2800644]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2800644,"title":"The Engineering of Vision from Constructivism to Computers","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2800644/The_Engineering_of_Vision_from_Constructivism_to_Computers","owner_id":412778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":412778,"first_name":"Lev","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Manovich","page_name":"LevManovich","domain_name":"gc-cuny","created_at":"2011-04-24T09:54:09.630-07:00","display_name":"Lev Manovich","url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich","email":"V0YrQXRRZzRMaUNDT2tWVVVtemlYWlduVS93YWxRYTZRT0Nud1VLLzBrRT0tLXFMQjBJSnI4bldUVDNZZlI4dzBUN1E9PQ==--1fdcd777ebec1f65a26c228c4e7fbbc2360d376e"},"attachments":[{"id":30759254,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"EV.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30759254/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Engineering_of_Vision_from_Construct.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30759254/EV-libre.pdf?1392118999=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Engineering_of_Vision_from_Construct.pdf\u0026Expires=1739976267\u0026Signature=cj2fr2EL1GcLc36szCJEQFNeOwRvZVHK~S7m3o2t6jlNLlksoKJw9t8oeArleP5z0f9JY3WbwMPpyZfUVUF9xKDTbvDmxmc8zEKy54hD2jW0b3OMAPQWLLs7LpnmPlmzruxBOY~0wBXZhjS4mMllKkQSHn6WOo95vAUdwxNpIgr32mzGP-7R7dEqHeMTAnimAhLA3LLiNIn0IhiE7W-l8dl-ZnF7JaZqAiZEo7~b1Xq57jAdz9B7flDP6ZXYcfdxfRQgI5xlAM~eZ7SQD4ydaWpEUPcF6e3zsZSRCcnUp2n5W5DMaPEnutPDhSZk2bOvQ8M6GXumHqiEOFh4JawdzQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 2 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "8ba95772601e3330805780bb0c1cf79ae6e5d945ea49ef893e96b1d3d9e5ca67", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="AswqFyTtQfHpUTWkH30qtDVzOdfAos1LKzuB0E6rwXTdZ1eMWUkWQNemPQLw-kfwxK5XNS0BjSa_nIHBXrNCFQ" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="pgpRHWNgTkDenUEcuWS5LUduFreKeSKqI8HsG4Z_BxV5oSyGHsQZ8eBqSbpW49RptrN4VWfaYse3ZuwKlmeEdA" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>