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href="#European_Union_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>European Union organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>International organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-profit_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-profit_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Non-profit organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-profit_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="П’ер Падоан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="П’ер Падоан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پیر کارلو پادوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیر کارلو پادوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A1%9C_%ED%8C%8C%EB%8F%84%EC%95%88" title="피에르 카를로 파도안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피에르 카를로 파도안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پير كارلو پادوان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پير كارلو پادوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="ピエール・カルロ・パドアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピエール・カルロ・パドアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Падоан, Пьер Карло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Падоан, Пьер Карло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Carlo_Padoan" title="Pier Carlo Padoan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pier Carlo Padoan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="П'єр Карло Падоан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="П'єр Карло Падоан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian economist (born 1950)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Pier Carlo Padoan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:17_febbraio,_Pier_Carlo_Padoan_in_provincia_di_Siena_(26565339158)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/17_febbraio%2C_Pier_Carlo_Padoan_in_provincia_di_Siena_%2826565339158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-17_febbraio%2C_Pier_Carlo_Padoan_in_provincia_di_Siena_%2826565339158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/17_febbraio%2C_Pier_Carlo_Padoan_in_provincia_di_Siena_%2826565339158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-17_febbraio%2C_Pier_Carlo_Padoan_in_provincia_di_Siena_%2826565339158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/17_febbraio%2C_Pier_Carlo_Padoan_in_provincia_di_Siena_%2826565339158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-17_febbraio%2C_Pier_Carlo_Padoan_in_provincia_di_Siena_%2826565339158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2071" data-file-height="2460" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Economy and Finance">Minister of Economy and Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 February 2014 – 1 June 2018</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Saccomanni" title="Fabrizio Saccomanni">Fabrizio Saccomanni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Tria" title="Giovanni Tria">Giovanni Tria</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 March 2018 – 4 November 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Deputy Secretary-General of the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 June 2007 – 22 February 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kiyotaka_Akasaka" title="Kiyotaka Akasaka">Kiyotaka Akasaka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mari_Kiviniemi" title="Mari Kiviniemi">Mari Kiviniemi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1950-01-19</span>) </span>19 January 1950<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 74)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Maria Grazia Reitano</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pier Carlo Padoan</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈpjɛr<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkarlo<span class="wrap"> </span>padoˈan,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpaːdoan]</a></span>; born 19 January 1950) is an Italian economist who served as <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Economy and Finance">Minister of Economy and Finance of Italy</a> from 2014 to 2018. </p><p>Padoan was director of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> for Italy from 2001 to 2005. On 1 June 2007, he became Deputy Secretary General of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Padoan was born in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> on 19 January 1950. In the 1970s, he graduated in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/La_Sapienza_University" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sapienza University">La Sapienza University</a> in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his years at the University, Padoan criticised in the magazine <i>Marxist Critic</i> the economic theories of <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>, being influenced by the ideas of the Polish economist <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Kalecki" title="Michał Kalecki">Michał Kalecki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 2007, he was Professor of Economics at the <a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a>. From 1992 until 2001, he also was professor at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a>, Bruges and Warsaw, and a visiting professor since 2001. He was also a visiting professor at <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a>, Belgium, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">University of Urbino</a>, Italy, Universidad de la Plata, Argentina, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has published in the field of European economics and political economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_in_the_public_sector">Career in the public sector</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career in the public sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pier_Carlo_Padoan,_Pasquale_Ferrara_(21895079241).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pier_Carlo_Padoan%2C_Pasquale_Ferrara_%2821895079241%29.jpg/220px-Pier_Carlo_Padoan%2C_Pasquale_Ferrara_%2821895079241%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pier_Carlo_Padoan%2C_Pasquale_Ferrara_%2821895079241%29.jpg/330px-Pier_Carlo_Padoan%2C_Pasquale_Ferrara_%2821895079241%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pier_Carlo_Padoan%2C_Pasquale_Ferrara_%2821895079241%29.jpg/440px-Pier_Carlo_Padoan%2C_Pasquale_Ferrara_%2821895079241%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3985" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Pier Carlo Padoan in October 2016.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1998 until 2001, Padoan served as economic adviser to Italian Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D'Alema">Massimo D'Alema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Giuliano Amato</a> during EU budget negotiations like <a href="/wiki/Agenda_2000" title="Agenda 2000">Agenda 2000</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Agenda">Lisbon Agenda</a>, at summits of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a>. </p><p>Padoan was an <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> official from 2001 to 2005 as the Italian executive director and as board member in charge of European coordination. He is a consultant to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>, where he has called for aggressive easing. During that period, he criticized budget cutbacks in the <a href="/wiki/Euro_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro zone">euro zone</a>'s weakest economies, struggling with debt, which he has called <a href="/wiki/Periphery_countries" title="Periphery countries">periphery countries</a>. </p><p>Padoan served as deputy secretary general at the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a> in Paris between 2007 and 2014, taking on the additional role of the organisation's chief economist in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the OECD's G20 Finance Deputy, leading the initiatives 'Strategic Response', 'Green Growth' and 'Innovation'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Finance,_2014–2018"><span id="Minister_of_Finance.2C_2014.E2.80.932018"></span>Minister of Finance, 2014–2018</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minister of Finance, 2014–2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 February 2014, <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a> chose Padon as Italy's new <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Economy and Finance">Minister of Economy and Finance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 December 2016, when Renzi resigned as prime minister after the <a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Italian constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a>, Padoan was confirmed again as finance minister by the new Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2016, he was also elected chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a>’ Finance Ministers Network.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Padoan often stated that the very tight fiscal rules which Europe currently has in place could be temporarily relaxed in order to make the necessary resources available to boost employment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Juncker_Commission" title="Juncker Commission">Juncker Commission</a>'s <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economy" title="European Commissioner for Economy">Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici">Pierre Moscovici</a> in late 2014, Padoan and the finance ministers of the euro zone's other biggest economies – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Michel Sapin</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> – urged the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> to draw up EU-wide laws to curb corporate <a href="/wiki/Tax_avoidance" title="Tax avoidance">tax avoidance</a> and prevent member states from offering lower taxes to attract investors, calling for a comprehensive anti-BEPS (<a href="/wiki/Base_Erosion_and_Profit_Shifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Base Erosion and Profit Shifting">Base Erosion and Profit Shifting</a>) <a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">directive</a> for member states to adopt by the end of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also during his time in office, Padoan implemented the Italian government’s 2015 plan to clean up over €200 billion in non-performing loans from the balance sheets of the country’s banks. He also oversaw the 2017 bailout of <a href="/wiki/Banca_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena" title="Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena">Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veneto_Banca" title="Veneto Banca">Veneto Banca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Banca_Popolare_di_Vicenza" title="Banca Popolare di Vicenza">Banca Popolare di Vicenza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_Parliament,_2018–2020"><span id="Member_of_Parliament.2C_2018.E2.80.932020"></span>Member of Parliament, 2018–2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Member of Parliament, 2018–2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pier_Carlo_Padoan_PD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pier_Carlo_Padoan_PD.jpg/220px-Pier_Carlo_Padoan_PD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pier_Carlo_Padoan_PD.jpg/330px-Pier_Carlo_Padoan_PD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pier_Carlo_Padoan_PD.jpg/440px-Pier_Carlo_Padoan_PD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4252" data-file-height="2835" /></a><figcaption>Pier Carlo Padoan during a PD rally in 2018.</figcaption></figure> <p>Padoan joined the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a> and ran in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Italian_general_election" title="2018 Italian general election">2018 Italian general election</a> in March for the constituency of <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he was elected, defeating the <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">League</a> economic advisor Claudio Borghi.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Conte II Cabinet">Conte II Cabinet</a> of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> nominated Padoan as Italy's candidate for the election of president of the <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Padoan later pulled out of the race when Odile Renaud-Basso emerged as the front runner for the position.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:55%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <th width="12%">Election </th> <th width="25%">House </th> <th width="25%">Constituency </th> <th width="5%" colspan="2">Party </th> <th width="12%">Votes </th> <th width="12%">Result </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Italian_general_election" title="2018 Italian general election">2018</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#EF1C27"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a> </td> <td>53,457 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First-past-the-post_elections">First-past-the-post elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First-past-the-post elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">2018 Italian general election (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">C</a>): <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EF3E3E"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Pier Carlo Padoan</b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-left coalition (Italy)">Centre-left coalition</a> </td> <td>53,457 </td> <td>36.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0A6BE1"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Borghi_(politician)" title="Claudio Borghi (politician)">Claudio Borghi</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-right coalition (Italy)">Centre-right coalition</a> </td> <td>47,694 </td> <td>32.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFEB3B"> </td> <td align="left">Leonardo Franci </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">Five Star Movement</a> </td> <td>33,092 </td> <td>22.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDBB"> </td> <td align="left" colspan="2">Others </td> <td>13,515 </td> <td>9.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>147,758</b> </td> <td><b>100.0</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_boards">Corporate boards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Corporate boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a>, Non-Executive Member of the Board of Directors (since 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union_organizations">European Union organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: European Union organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a> (EIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2014-2018)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a> (ESM), Member of the Board of Governors (2014-2018)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organizations">International organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a> (AfDB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2014-2018)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a> (AIIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2014-2018)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2014-2018)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2014-2018)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Investment Corporation</a> (IIC), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2014-2018)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-profit_organizations">Non-profit organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Non-profit organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Scope Foundation, Member of the Honorary Board (since 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Fondazione Italianieuropei</i>, Director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Affari_Internazionali" title="Istituto Affari Internazionali">Istituto Affari Internazionali</a> (IAI), Vice President of the Board<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Padoan edited or authored 14 books and papers, from 1986 until 2010, with titles in English as follows: </p> <ul><li><i>Innovation and Growth: Chasing a Moving Frontier</i> by Vandana Chandra, Deniz Eröcal, Pier Carlo Padoan and Carlos A. Primo Braga. OECD, World Bank 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.gbcbiotech.com/es/imagenes/ocde/3innovation_growth.pdf">[1]</a></li> <li><i>The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century</i>, edited by Eliot Sorel and Pier Carlo Padoan. OECD 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Euro-American Trade and Financial Alliances</i>, 2005 book, editor <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Structural Foundations of International Finance</i>, 2003 book, editor<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "advocates entrepreneurial co-ordination by productive enterprises"</li> <li><i>A Transatlantic Perspective on the Euro</i>, 2000 paperback, editor <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> euro as potential global currency</li> <li><i>Monetary Union, Employment and Growth: The Impact of the Euro as a Global Currency</i>, edited by Pier Carlo Padoan. Edward Elgar Publishing 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Technology accumulation and diffusion: is there a regional dimension?</i> by Pier Carlo Padoan, World Bank Publications. 1997 (36-page working paper)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Trade and the accumulation and diffusion of knowledge</i>, by Pier Carlo Padoan, World Bank Publications. 1996 (47-page working paper)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Europe between East and South</i> by Siro Lombardini and Pier Carlo Padoan. 1994</li> <li><i>Political Economy of European Integration: Markets and Institutions</i> by Paolo Guerrieri and Pier Carlo Padoan. 1989</li> <li><i>Political Economy of International Co-Operation</i> by Pier Carlo Padoan and Paolo Guerreri. 1988 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7099-1344-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7099-1344-3"><bdi>978-0-7099-1344-3</bdi></a>.</li> <li><i>The Political Economy of International Financial Instability</i> by Pier Carlo Padoan. 1986</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mef.gov.it/ministro-uffici/ministro/index.html">Il Ministro - Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilmanifesto.info/il-ministro-padoan-oltre-keynes-nel-75/">Il ministro Padoan oltre Keynes. Nel ’75</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whoswho.coleurope.eu/w/PierCarlo.Padoan">"Pier Carlo Padoan"</a>. College of Europe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pier+Carlo+Padoan&rft.pub=College+of+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhoswho.coleurope.eu%2Fw%2FPierCarlo.Padoan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Saltmarsh (November 18, 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/19/business/global/19oecd.html">O.E.C.D. Sees Global Recovery Slowing</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-idUSBREA1K0M020140221">"Italy's Renzi set to unveil new cabinet"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Italy%27s+Renzi+set+to+unveil+new+cabinet&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-italy-politics-idUSBREA1K0M020140221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161214195624/http://it.reuters.com/article/topNews/idITKBN1420P4">Gentiloni presenta governo, Padoan confermato all'Economia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mehreen Khan (December 12, 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/4f72efeb-83e9-33a7-9e72-f689584270b2">Padoan to remain as Italian finance minister in new government</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pes.eu/oc/en/news-events/news/detail/Italian-Finance-Minister-to-chair-PES-Finance-Ministers-Network/">Italian Finance Minister to chair PES Finance Ministers Network</a> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a>, press release of June 17, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225171207/http://opencanada.org/features/the-think-tank/interviews/whats-holding-europe-back/">"What's Holding Europe Back?"</a>. <i>Canadian International Council</i>. Open Canada. 21 November 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencanada.org/features/the-think-tank/interviews/whats-holding-europe-back/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(interview)</span> on 25 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>For example, there is the so-called contractual agreement hypothesis, which is basically that countries should be allowed to have more fiscal space if they commit to changing labour market rules to support increased employment</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+International+Council&rft.atitle=What%27s+Holding+Europe+Back%3F&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopencanada.org%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-think-tank%2Finterviews%2Fwhats-holding-europe-back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gernot Heller (December 1, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-tax-letter-idUSKCN0JF2WN20141201">Germany, France and Italy urge EU to write common corporate tax laws</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valentina Za and Gianluca Semeraro (October 13, 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN26Y1XU">UniCredit picks former Treasury chief Padoan as chairman</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silvia Sciorilli Borrelli (October 13, 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/a785928e-b95f-44fb-a32d-514d6eb5c82d">Italy’s former finance minister named UniCredit chairman</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel Sanderson (February 21, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/2ea22072-1660-11e8-9e9c-25c814761640">Padoan defends vision for Italy in Tuscany’s vineyards</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-01-08/italian-economy-minister-accepts-offer-to-stand-as-pd-candidate-source">Italian Economy Minister Accepts Offer to Stand as PD Candidate</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/01/27/news/renzi_liste-187438699/">Pd, pubblicate le liste: sono definitive. Renzi: "Basta polemiche, è la squadra migliore per vincere"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2018-03-05/nei-collegi-padoan-vince-siena-sconfitti-minniti-e-franceschini-casini-spunta-bologna-074308.shtml?uuid=AESrRGBE">Padoan vince a Siena, sconfitti Minniti e Franceschini</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sam Fleming and Jim Brunsden (February 19, 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/ddb71e64-52c7-11ea-8841-482eed0038b1">The battle for the EBRD’s top job</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karin Strohecker (October 7, 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL8N2GY160">Italy's Padoan pulls out of race to be EBRD president</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valentina Za and Gianluca Semeraro (October 13, 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN26Y1XU">UniCredit picks former Treasury chief Padoan as chairman</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicreditgroup.eu/en/press-media/press-releases-price-sensitive/2020/pier-carlo-padoan-cooptato-nel-consiglio-di-amministrazione-di-u.html">Pier Carlo Padoan co-opted to the board of UniCredit as chairman designate</a> <a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a>, press release of October 13, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eib.org/about/governance-and-structure/statutory-bodies/board_of_governors/index.htm">Board of Governors</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a> (EIB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esm.europa.eu/board-of-governors/esm/pier-carlo-padoan">Board of Governors: Pier Carlo Padoan</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/AfDB_Annual_Report_2016_EN.pdf">AfDB Annual Report 2016</a> <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a> (AfDB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/board-governors/index.html">Board of Governors</a> <a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a> (AIIB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebrd.com/shareholders-and-board-of-governors.html">Board of Governors</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (EBRD).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx">Board of Governors</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scopegroup.com/news/foundation_safeguards_scope_european_identity">Foundation set up to safeguard Scope’s European identity</a> Scope Group, press release of September 3, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iai.it/en/iai/boards">Board</a> <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Affari_Internazionali" title="Istituto Affari Internazionali">Istituto Affari Internazionali</a> (IAI).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorelPadoan2008" class="citation book cs1">Sorel, Eliot; Padoan, Pier Carlo, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/marshallanniversary/themarshallplanlessonslearnedforthe21stcentury.htm"><i>The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century</i></a>. OECD. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789264044241" title="Special:BookSources/9789264044241"><bdi>9789264044241</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marshall+Plan%3A+Lessons+Learned+for+the+21st+Century&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789264044241&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fmarshallanniversary%2Fthemarshallplanlessonslearnedforthe21stcentury.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoydAlan_M._RugmanPier_Carlo_Padoan2005" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Gavin; Alan M. Rugman; Pier Carlo Padoan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1G2AAAAIAAJ"><i>European-American Trade And Financial Alliances</i></a>. Edward Elgar Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1843769077" title="Special:BookSources/1843769077"><bdi>1843769077</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European-American+Trade+And+Financial+Alliances&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Pub&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1843769077&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft.au=Alan+M.+Rugman&rft.au=Pier+Carlo+Padoan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1G2AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadoanPaul_A._BrentonGavin_Boyd2003" class="citation book cs1">Padoan, Pier Carlo; Paul A. Brenton; Gavin Boyd (2003). <i>The Structural Foundations of International Finance</i>. Edward Elgar Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1843763869" title="Special:BookSources/1843763869"><bdi>1843763869</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Structural+Foundations+of+International+Finance&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Pub&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1843763869&rft.aulast=Padoan&rft.aufirst=Pier+Carlo&rft.au=Paul+A.+Brenton&rft.au=Gavin+Boyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenningPier_Carlo_Padoan2000" class="citation book cs1">Henning, C. Randall; Pier Carlo Padoan (2000). <i>Transatlantic Perspectives on the Euro</i>. Brookings Institution Press and the European Community Studies Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815735596" title="Special:BookSources/0815735596"><bdi>0815735596</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transatlantic+Perspectives+on+the+Euro&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press+and+the+European+Community+Studies+Association&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0815735596&rft.aulast=Henning&rft.aufirst=C.+Randall&rft.au=Pier+Carlo+Padoan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadoan2001" class="citation book cs1">Padoan, Pier Carlo, ed. (January 2001). <i>Monetary Union, Employment And Growth Click to look inside Look inside Monetary Union, Employment And Growth The Impact of the Euro as a Global Currency</i>. Edward Elgar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782544036" title="Special:BookSources/9781782544036"><bdi>9781782544036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monetary+Union%2C+Employment+And+Growth+Click+to+look+inside+Look+inside+Monetary+Union%2C+Employment+And+Growth+The+Impact+of+the+Euro+as+a+Global+Currency&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=9781782544036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadoan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Padoan, Pier Carlo (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-1781">"Technology accumulation and diffusion: is there a regional dimension?"</a>. Policy Research Working Papers. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1596%2F1813-9450-1781">10.1596/1813-9450-1781</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Technology+accumulation+and+diffusion%3A+is+there+a+regional+dimension%3F&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1596%2F1813-9450-1781&rft.aulast=Padoan&rft.aufirst=Pier+Carlo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felibrary.worldbank.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1596%2F1813-9450-1781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadoan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Padoan, Pier Carlo (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-1679">"Trade and the accumulation and diffusion of knowledge"</a>. Policy Research Working Papers. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1596%2F1813-9450-1679">10.1596/1813-9450-1679</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18189306">18189306</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trade+and+the+accumulation+and+diffusion+of+knowledge&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1596%2F1813-9450-1679&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A18189306%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Padoan&rft.aufirst=Pier+Carlo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felibrary.worldbank.org%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.1596%2F1813-9450-1679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Carlo+Padoan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div 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colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Saccomanni" title="Fabrizio Saccomanni">Fabrizio Saccomanni</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Economy and Finance">Minister of Economy and Finance</a> </b><br />2014–2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Tria" title="Giovanni Tria">Giovanni Tria</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Renzi_Cabinet" title="Template:Renzi Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Renzi_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Renzi Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renzi_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renzi Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renzi_Cabinet_(2014–16)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Renzi_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Renzi Cabinet">Renzi Cabinet</a> (2014–16)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Prime Minister</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Ministers</b> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Alfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elena_Boschi" title="Maria Elena Boschi">Boschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Calenda" title="Carlo Calenda">Calenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Costa_(politician)" title="Enrico Costa (politician)">Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graziano_Delrio" title="Graziano Delrio">Delrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Franceschini" title="Dario Franceschini">Franceschini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Luca_Galletti" title="Gian Luca Galletti">Galletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefania_Giannini" title="Stefania Giannini">Giannini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Guidi" title="Federica Guidi">Guidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Carmela_Lanzetta" title="Maria Carmela Lanzetta">Lanzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lorenzin" title="Beatrice Lorenzin">Lorenzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Lupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianna_Madia" title="Marianna Madia">Madia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Martina" title="Maurizio Martina">Martina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Mogherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Orlando" title="Andrea Orlando">Orlando</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Pinotti" title="Roberta Pinotti">Pinotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Poletti" title="Giuliano Poletti">Poletti</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gentiloni_Cabinet_(2016–18)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gentiloni_Cabinet" title="Template:Gentiloni Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gentiloni_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Gentiloni Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gentiloni_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gentiloni Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gentiloni_Cabinet_(2016–18)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gentiloni_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiloni Cabinet">Gentiloni Cabinet</a> (2016–18)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Prime Minister</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Ministers</b> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Alfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Calenda" title="Carlo Calenda">Calenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Costa_(politician)" title="Enrico Costa (politician)">Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graziano_Delrio" title="Graziano Delrio">Delrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_De_Vincenti" title="Claudio De Vincenti">De Vincenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_Fedeli" title="Valeria Fedeli">Fedeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Franceschini" title="Dario Franceschini">Franceschini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Luca_Galletti" title="Gian Luca Galletti">Galletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lorenzin" title="Beatrice Lorenzin">Lorenzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Lotti" title="Luca Lotti">Lotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianna_Madia" title="Marianna Madia">Madia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Martina" title="Maurizio Martina">Martina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minniti" title="Marco Minniti">Minniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Orlando" title="Andrea Orlando">Orlando</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Pinotti" title="Roberta Pinotti">Pinotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Poletti" title="Giuliano Poletti">Poletti</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15768223#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109171517">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76350775">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCYyFYWFM8Pmg4rTkkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123162777">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80064895">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12129985w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12129985w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Padoan, Pier Carlo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV003109">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35208223">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=vse2008485539&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1724167">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072337745">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90161574">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq467l8b3w2kl2k">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810667461005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007433020205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14606517">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01083295?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/865721">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029740940">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&oldid=1240579706">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pier_Carlo_Padoan&oldid=1240579706</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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