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</div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvorni kod stranice Jezici po broju govornika</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ovaj članak postoji samo na ovom jeziku. 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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Možete vidjeti i kopirati izvorni kod ove stranice. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="sh" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">Ovo je '''popis jezika po broju izvornih govornika''' s preko 10 milijuna. Popisi su izrađeni na temelju podataka raznih lingvističkih i drugih organizacija, te se podaci u njima međusobno često razlikuju i trebaju koristiti s oprezom. Te razlike se najčešće događaju ubrajanjem ili izuzimanjem dijalekata ili [[Uzajamna razumljivost|uzajamno razumljivih]] varijanata iz nekog jezika, pripisivanje stanovništva u govornike kojima navedeni jezik nije materinji, ubrajanjem stanovništva s više materinjih jezika, ili zbog različitih kriterija kod razlikovanja jezika u [[dijalektan kontinuum|dijalektnom kontinuumu]]. ==Publikacije i rangiranje== ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]'' (NE) je suvremena i komprehenzivna švedska enciklopedija sa zadnjim izdanjem iz [[2007.]] jednom ažuriranim u [[2010.]] godini. Kako se metode popisa stanovništva u različitim zemljama u znatnoj mjeri razlikuju, a s obzirom na to da neke zemlje ne bilježe jezik u svojim popisima, bilo koji popis jezika izvornih govornika ili ukupnog broja govornika, njihov popis se učinkovito temelji na procjenama. ''[[Ethnologue]]'' je publikacija [[evangelizam|evangelističko]]-[[kršćanstvo|kršćanske]] lingvističke organizacije [[SIL International]]. Njihove procjene su samo djelomično kompatibilne s NE-inima jer najčešće uvažavaju varijante [[Policentrični standardni jezik|policentričnih jezika]] pod zasebne jezike. Od [[2015.]] godine publicira se godišnje, s posljednjim, 26. izdanjem iz [[2023.]] godine. {{poredak| {| class{{=}}"wikitable sortable" ! Rang ! Jezik ! ''NE'' 2007 <small>(milijona)</small> ! ''NE'' 2010 <small>(milijona)</small> ! ''Ethnologue'' 2019 <small>(milijona)</small> ! Države u kojima je izvorni jezik ! Jezična porodica |- | _row_count || [[mandarinski jezik|mandarinski]] || 940 || 954,6 || 918 || [[Kina]], [[Tajvan]], [[Singapur]] || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[španski jezik|španski]] || 365 || 406.7 || 480 || [[Ekvatorijalna Gvineja]], [[Latinska Amerika]], [[Španija]], [[SAD]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[engleski jezik|engleski]] || 387 || 358.9 || 379 || [[Australija]], [[Irska]], [[Indija]], [[Kanada]], [[Novi Zeland]], [[UK]], [[Južna Afrika]], [[SAD]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[hindski jezik|hindski]] (dio [[hindustanski jezik|hindustanskog]]) || 311.4 || 335 || 341 || [[Indija]] (sjeverna i srednja) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[arapski jezik|arapski]] || 295 || 293 || ~350 (sve varijante) || [[Sjeverna Afrika]], [[Bliski Istok]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[portugalski jezik|portugalski]] || 204 || 215.6 || 221 || [[Angola]], [[Brazil]], [[Zelenortska ostrva]], [[Istočni Timor]], [[Gvineja Bisau]], [[Makao]], [[Mozambik]], [[Portugal]], [[Sveti Toma i Princip]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[bengalski jezik|bengalski]] || 202 || 205.9 || 300 || [[Bangladeš]], [[Indija]] ([[Zapadni Bengal]], [[Tripura]]), [[Nepal]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[ruski jezik|ruski]] || 160 || 154.4 || 154 || [[Rusija]], bivše [[Sovjetski Savez|sovjetske republike]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[japanski jezik|japanski]] || 127 || 126.3 || 128 || [[Japan]], [[Palau]] || [[Japansko-rjukjuanski jezici|japansko-rjukjuanski]] |- | _row_count || [[pandžapski jezik|pandžapski]] || 95.5 || 101.8 || 88.7 || [[Punjab (regija)|Pandžab]] regija [[Indija|Indije]] i [[Pakistan]]a || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[njemački jezik|njemački]] || 92.1 || 89 || 76.1 (standardni) || [[Njemačka]], [[Austrija]], [[Belgija]], [[Švicarska]], [[Lihtenštajn]], [[Luksemburg]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[wu kineski|wu]] (dio [[kineski jezik|kineskog]]) || 79.5 || 81 || 81.4 || [[Kina]] ([[Zhejiang]], [[Šangaj]]) || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[Marathi jezik|marathi]] || 72.9 || 77 || 83.1 || [[Indija]] ([[Maharaštra]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[Telugu jezik|telugu]] || 75.9 || 80.2 || 82 || [[Indija]] ([[Andra Pradeš]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[Javanski jezik|javanski]] || 82.4 || 80.8 || 68.3 || [[Indonezija]] (otok [[Java (otok)|Java]]) || [[Malajsko-polinezijski jezici|malajsko-polinezijski]] |- | _row_count || [[Indonežanski jezik|indonežanski]] (varijanta [[Malajski jezik|malajskog]]) || 76.9 || 76.5 || 60.5{{efn|Prema izdanju iz 2015. godine, a prema novijim izdanjima je vođen kao zaseban jezik s novom figurom od 43.4 mil. Neki smatraju da bi ova brojka trebala biti mnogo veća, između 215 i 268 mil., jer se većina indonežanskih govornika izjašnjava da izravno govori neki drugi od malajskih jezika ([[javanski jezik|javanski]], [[minangkabau jezik|minangkabau]], [[buginezijski jezik|buginezijski]], itd.).<ref>{{cite web|last=Uli|first=Kozok|title=How many people speak Indonesian|url=http://ipll.manoa.hawaii.edu/indonesian/2012/03/10/how-many-people-speak-indonesian/|publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa|accessdate=20. oktobra 2012|date=10. marta 2012|quote=James T. Collins (''Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu'', Jakarta: KPG 2009) gives a conservative estimate of approximately 200 million, and a maximum estimate of 250 million speakers of Malay (Collins 2009, p. 17).}}</ref>}} || [[Indonezija]], [[Malezija]], [[Brunej]] || [[Malajsko-polinezijski jezici|malajsko-polinezijski]] |- | _row_count || [[francuski jezik|francuski]] || 109 || 75.8 || 77.2 || [[Francuska]], [[Quebec]], [[Belgija]], [[Luksemburg]], [[Švicarska]], [[Zapadna Afrika]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[turski jezik|turski]] || 62.6 || 72.8 || 79.4 || [[Turska]], [[Sjeverni Kipar]] || [[Turkijski jezici|turkijski]] |- | _row_count || [[korejski jezik|korejski]] || 75.5 || 75.1 || 77.3 || [[Sjeverna Koreja]], [[Južna Koreja]] || [[Korejski jezici|korejski]] |- | _row_count || [[vijetnamski jezik|vijetnamski]] || 75.6 || 79.4 || 76 || [[Vijetnam]] || [[Austroazijski jezici|austroazijski]] |- | _row_count || [[tamilski jezik|tamilski]] || 70 || 73.7 || 75 || [[Indija]] ([[Tamil Nadu]]), [[Malezija]], [[Šri Lanka]] || [[Dravidski jezici|dravidski]] |- | _row_count || [[urdski jezik|urdski]] (dio [[hindustanski jezik|hindustanskog]]) || 65.6 || 69 || 68.6 || [[Pakistan]], [[Indija]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[italijanski jezik|italijanski]] || 59.4 || 59.4 || 64.8 || [[Italija]], [[San Marino]], [[Vatikan]], [[Švicarska]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[gudžarati jezik|gudžarati]] || 48.9 || 51.5 || 56.4 || [[Indija]] ([[Gudžarat]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[tajski jezik|tajski]] || 56.2 || 57.4 || 20.7{{efn|Prema nepoznatim mjerenjima - 15 milijona govornika [[Isan (jezik)|isana]] (dijalekt [[Laoski jezik|laoskog]]), 6 milijona sjevernog, 5 milijona južnotajlandskog.}} || [[Tajland]] || [[Tai-kadai jezici|taj-kadajski]] |- | _row_count || [[perzijski jezik|perzijski]] || 45.3 || 49.5 || 52.8 || [[Iran]], [[Afganistan]], [[Tadžikistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] ([[Buhara]], [[Samarkand]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[južnominski jezik|južnominski]] (dio [[kineski jezik|kineskog]]) || 46.9 || 47.1 || 50.1 || Jugoistočna [[Kina]], [[Malezija]], [[Singapur]], [[Tajland]], [[Tajvan]] || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[Varijante kineskog jezika#Hakka|hakka]] || 31 || 31 || 48.2 || [[Kina]] ([[Guangdong]]), [[Tajvan]], [[Malezija]], [[Singapur]] || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[jinyu jezik|jinyu]] (dio [[kineski jezik|kineskog]]) || 47.6 || 47.1 || 46.9 || Središnja [[Kina]] || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[hausa jezik|hausa]] || 34.5 || 42.2 || 43.9 || Sjeverna [[Nigerija]], [[Niger]], [[Zapadna Afrika]] || [[Afroazijski jezici|afroazijski]] |- | _row_count || [[kanada jezik|kanada]] || 38.1 || 40.2 || 43.6 || [[Indija]] ([[Karnataka]]) || [[Dravidski jezici|dravidski]] |- | _row_count || [[poljski jezik|poljski]] || 40.2 || 40.5 || 39.7 || [[Poljska]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[uzbečki jezik|uzbečki]] || 25.6 || 25.4 || 37.8 || [[Uzbekistan]] || [[turkijski jezici|turkijski]] |- | _row_count || [[paštunski jezik|paštunski]] || 38.6 || 37.4 || 37.4 (svi dijalekti) || [[Afganistan]], [[Pakistan]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[sjang kineski|sjang]] (dio [[kineski jezik|kineskog]]) || 38 || 38 || 37.3 || [[Kina]] ([[Hunan]], [[Guangxi]], [[Guizhou]], [[Hubei]]) || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[malajalam jezik|malajalam]] || 38 || 38 || 37.1 || [[Indija]] ([[Kerala]], [[Lakadivi]]) || [[Dravidski jezici|dravidski]] |- | _row_count || [[oriya]] || 33.4 || 35.3 || 34.5 || [[Indija]] ([[Orissa]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[joruba jezik|joruba]] || 27.5 || 28 || 34 || [[Nigerija]], [[Benin]], [[Togo]], [[Zapadna Afrika]] || [[Nigersko-kongoanski jezici|nigersko-kongoanski]] |- | _row_count || [[burmanski jezik|burmanski]] || 33.2 || 33.8 || 32.9 || [[Mjanmar]] || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[sundski jezik|sundski]] || 37.5 || 36.9 || 32.4 || [[Indonezija]] (otok [[Java (otok)|Java]]) || [[Austronezijski jezici|austronezijski]] |- | _row_count || [[ukrajinski jezik|ukrajinski]] || 30.4 || 33.6 || 27.3 || [[Ukrajina]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[igbo jezik|igbo]] || 24 || 22.4 || 27.0 || [[Nigerija]] (južna i istočna) || [[Nigersko-kongoanski jezici|nigersko-kongoanski]] |- | _row_count || [[sindi jezik|sindi]] || 25.5 || 26.2 || 24.6 || [[Pakistan]] ([[Sind]], [[Beludžistan]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[rumunjski jezik|rumunjski]] || 24.5 || 24.4 || 24.3 || [[Rumunjska]], [[Moldavija]], [[Ukrajina]] ([[Odeška oblast]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[tagaloški jezik|tagaloški]] || 27.5 || 28.4 || 23.6 || [[Filipini]], [[Malezija]] || [[Austronezijski jezici|austronezijski]] |- | _row_count || [[cebuano jezik|cebuano]] || 21.1 || 24.5 || 15.9 || [[Filipini]] (južni) || [[Austronezijski jezici|austronezijski]] |- | _row_count || [[ruanda-rundi jezik|ruanda-rundi]] || 9.8 ([[ruandski jezik|ruandski]]) || 12.1 ([[ruandski jezik|ruandski]]) || 12.1 ([[ruandski jezik|ruandski]])<br> 11.2 ([[kirundi jezik|kirundi]]){{efn|Ova dva standarda zbrojeno čine 23.3 mil. govornika. Međusobno su razumljiva u neposrednom susjedstvu, no udaljeniji dijalekti nisu.}} || [[Ruanda]], [[Burundi]] || [[Nigersko-kongoanski jezici|nigersko-kongoanski]] |- | _row_count || [[azerski jezik|azerski]] || 22.7 || 22.2 || 23 || [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Iran]] || [[turkijski jezici|turkijski]] |- | _row_count || [[nizozemski jezik|nizozemski]] || 20.9 || 21.2 || 23.1 || [[Nizozemska]], [[Belgija]], [[Surinam]], [[Nizozemski Antili]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[gan kineski|gan]] (dio [[kineski jezik|kineskog]]) || 21.8 || 22.2 || 22.1 || [[Kina]] ([[Jiangxi]], [[Fujian]], [[Anhui]], [[Hubei]]) || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[amharski jezik|amharski]] || 24.8 || 28.1 || 21.9 || [[Etiopija]] || [[Semitski jezici|semitski]] |- | _row_count || [[magadhi jezik|magadhi]] || 13.9 || 14.6 || 20.7 || [[Indija]] ([[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Zapadni Bengal]]), [[Nepal]] ([[Terai]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[malagaški jezik|malagaški]] || 18.4 || 20.6 || — {{efn|name=varijante|Razvrstan po varijantama i dijalektima koji se zbog niskog broja ne pojavljuju na popisu.}} || [[Madagaskar]] || [[Austronezijski jezici|austronezijski]] |- | _row_count || [[kurdski jezik|kurdski]] || 20.6 || 20.3 || 14.6 (samo sjeverni dijalekt) || [[Kurdistan]] regija: [[Irak]], [[Turska]], [[Sirija]], [[Iran]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[saraiki jezik|saraiki]] || 17.2 || 17.4 || 20 || [[Pakistan]] ([[Sindh]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[srpskohrvatski jezik|srpskohrvatski]] || 18.8 || 18.6 || — {{efn|name=varijante}} || [[Bosna i Hercegovina]], [[Crna Gora]], [[Hrvatska]], [[Srbija]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[kmerski jezik|kmerski]] || 15.8 || 16.5 || 16.6 || [[Kambodža]] || [[Austroazijski jezici|austroazijski]] |- | _row_count || [[chhattisgarhi jezik|chhattisgarhi]] || 12.3 || 13 || 16.3 || [[Indija]] ([[Chhattisgarh]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[somalski jezik|somalski]] || 14.7 || 15 || 16.2 || [[Somalija]], [[Etiopija]], [[Kenija]], [[Džibuti]] || [[Afroazijski jezici|afroazijski]] |- | _row_count || [[nepalski kezik|nepalski]] || 16.8 || 16.8 || 15.8 || [[Nepal]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[sinhaleški jezik|sinhaleški]] || 16.5 || 17.5 || 15.3 || [[Šri Lanka]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[asamski jezik|asamski]] || 15.4 || 16.2 || 15.3 || [[Indija]] ([[Asam]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[grčki jezik|grčki]] || 11.9 || 12.4 || 13.1 || [[Grčka]], [[Kipar]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[čitagonski jezik|čitagonski]] || 15.9 || 14.4 || 13 || [[Bangladeš]] ([[Chittagong]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[kazaški jezik|kazaški]] || 11 || 11.1 || 12.9 || [[Kazahstan]] || [[turkijski jezici|turkijski]] |- | _row_count || [[dekan jezik|dekan]] (dio [[hindustanski jezik|hindustanskog]]) || 11.4 || 12 || 12.8 || [[Indija]] ([[Dekanska visoravan]]) || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[mađarski jezik|mađarski]] || 12.7 || 12.6 || 12.6 || [[Mađarska]] || [[Uralski jezici|uralski]] |- | _row_count || [[zulu jezik|zulu]] || 10.4 || 11.5 || 12.1 || [[Južna Afrika]] (narod [[Zulu]]) || [[Nigersko-kongoanski jezici|nigersko-kongoanski]] |- | _row_count || [[sjevernominski jezik|sjevernominski]] (dio [[kineski jezik|kineskog]]) || 10.9 || 10.9 || 11 || [[Kina]] ([[Fujian]]) || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |- | _row_count || [[haićanski kreolski jezik|haićanski kreolski]] || 9.6 || 10.4 || — || [[Haiti]] || [[Kreolski jezici|kreolski]] |- | _row_count || [[češki jezik|češki]] || 10 || 10 || 10.7 || [[Češka]] || [[Indoevropski jezici|indoevropski]] |- | _row_count || [[ujgurski jezik|ujgurski]] || 8.2 || 8.3 || 10.4 || Zapadna [[Kina]] || [[turkijski jezici|turkijski]] |- | _row_count || [[istočnominski jezik|istočnominski]] (dio [[kineski jezik|kineskog]]) || 9.5 || 9.7 || 10.3 || [[Kina]] ([[Fujian]], [[Matsu otoci]], [[Zhejiang]]) || [[Sino-tibetski jezici|sino-tibetski]] |}}} ==Bilješke== {{notelist}} ==Izvori== {{izvori}} ==Eksterni linkovi== * [https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200 The Ethnologue - top 200 jezika s najviše govornika] (čitav sajt traži pretplatu ili transakciju za pregled informacija) [[Kategorija:Jezici]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Upotrebljeni šabloni (18): </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Citation/core" title="Šablon:Citation/core">Šablon:Citation/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Citation/core&action=edit" title="Šablon:Citation/core">uredi</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Citation/make_link" title="Šablon:Citation/make link">Šablon:Citation/make link</a> (<a 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