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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>National indifference</b> is the status of lacking a strong and consistent <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">national identity</a>. The concept was originated by scholars of the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemian lands">Bohemian lands</a>, where many inhabitants historically resisted classification as either <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, around 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was outlined by <a href="/wiki/Tara_Zahra" title="Tara Zahra">Tara Zahra</a> in her 2010 paper published in <i><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Review" title="Slavic Review">Slavic Review</a></i>, "Imagined Noncommunities: National Indifference as a Category of Analysis".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, an academic conference was held in Prague to discuss the concept.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zahra's_concept"><span id="Zahra.27s_concept"></span>Zahra's concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_indifference&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Zahra's concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zahra notes that even as most scholars accept that nationalities are <a href="/wiki/Imagined_community" title="Imagined community">imagined communities</a>, they continue to use national categories, such "the <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a>", "the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>", etc. in an uncritical way. According to Zahra, national indifference is "a new label for phenomena that have long attracted the attention of historians and political activists"<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—particularly negative attention from <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalists</a> complaining about perceived disloyalty.<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zahra intends the concept of national indifference to provide a means of studying history without assuming national identities of historical subjects. It also helps to study the resistance of pre-nationalist identities to nationalist activism, usually in cases where either one or multiple nationalism movements attempt to mobilize a population. She outlines three types of national indifference:<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>National agnosticism: the "complete absence of national loyalties as many individuals are identified more strongly with religious, class, local, regional, professional, or familial communities";</li> <li>National ambivalence, characterized by opportunism and side-switching;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilingualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingualism">Bilingualism</a> and openness to <a href="/wiki/Interethnic_marriage" title="Interethnic marriage">interethnic marriage</a>.</li></ol> <p>She concedes that national indifference is difficult to study, because of such factors as <a href="/wiki/Nationalization_of_history" title="Nationalization of history">nationalization of history</a>, archives that are dedicated to national history, political apathy among nationally indifferent people, and censuses that do not recognize national indifference or bilingualism.<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_indifference&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Kapica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jan_Kapica.jpg/250px-Jan_Kapica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jan_Kapica.jpg/330px-Jan_Kapica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jan_Kapica.jpg/500px-Jan_Kapica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1628" /></a><figcaption>In 1906, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Kapica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Kapica (page does not exist)">Jan Kapica</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Kapica" class="extiw" title="pl:Jan Kapica">pl</a>]</span> asked, "What is an Upper Silesian? Is he a German, a Pole, a Prussian, simply an Upper Silesian, or simply a Catholic or, perhaps, even just an abstract human being?"<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from Bohemia, the concept of national indifference has been applied to other <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> areas, in addition to the German–French and German–Polish borderlands. More recently it has been applied to parts of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> such as Baltics and Bessarabia.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many instances of national indifference have been cited: </p> <ul><li>In mid-nineteenth century <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, locals often identified as both Italian and Slavic.<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In early-twentieth century <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a>, many people rejected both <a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_nationalism" title="Polish nationalism">Polish nationalism</a>, instead focusing on Catholic identity. The most powerful political parties did not have a nationalist agenda. The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_World_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Nations World Court">League of Nations World Court</a> officially recognized national indifference in Silesia, finding that the line between Poles and Germans was murky and undefined.<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The number of German-speakers in the Czech lands decreased by 400,000 between 1909 and 1921, which involved considerable side-switching.<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1930, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czechoslovak_State_Statistical_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czechoslovak State Statistical Office (page does not exist)">Czechoslovak State Statistical Office</a> proposed that <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak citizens">Czechoslovak citizens</a> should be allowed to register themselves as "without nationality" on the census, just as it was possible to register as "without religion". Officials argued that "Not all people have national feelings or consciousness, or the desire to belong to a specific national community". This view was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Czech_nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech nationalists">Czech nationalists</a> and never implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nazi officials claimed that Germanness was determined by race, but in practice they used national indifference in order to sign up more people, not previously identified as Germans, to the <a href="/wiki/Volksliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksliste">Volksliste</a>; according to <a href="/wiki/Doris_Bergen" title="Doris Bergen">Doris Bergen</a>, some people resorted to displays of antisemitic invective and violence to increase their perceived Germanness.<sup id="cite_ref-Zahra_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a>, national polarization between Czechs and Germans resulted from the effects of the Nazi occupation and efforts to classify "a hopelessly mixed people".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Polish_census_of_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish census of 1931">Polish census of 1931</a>, 707,000 respondents listed themselves as <a href="/wiki/Tutejszy" title="Tutejszy">Tutejszy</a>, meaning "local", "from here".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_indifference&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critics of the concept argue that "indifference" is often associated with passivity, which may not be the case. Alternate terms have been proposed by other scholars such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karsten_Br%C3%BCggemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karsten Brüggemann (page does not exist)">Karsten Brüggemann</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsten_Br%C3%BCggemann" class="extiw" title="de:Karsten Brüggemann">de</a>]</span> or Katja Wezel, including "<a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">anationalism</a>", "national ambiguity", and "hybridity".<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Per Bolin and Christina Douglas, the concept may be useful when discussing demotic national movements, but is unlikely to be applicable to elite nationalism (such as <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_indifference&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Transnationalism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_indifference&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMiller2019" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Alexei (2019). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"National Indifference" as a Political Strategy?". <i>Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History</i>. <b>20</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">63–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fkri.2019.0003">10.1353/kri.2019.0003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kritika%3A+Explorations+in+Russian+and+Eurasian+History&rft.atitle=%22National+Indifference%22+as+a+Political+Strategy%3F&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fkri.2019.0003&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Alexei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGinderachterFox2018" class="citation book cs1">Ginderachter, Maarten van; Fox, Jon, eds. (2018). <i>National indifference and the History of Nationalism in Modern Europe: National indifference and the History of Nationalism in Modern Europe</i>. 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University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11646-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11646-1"><bdi>978-0-472-11646-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neither+German+Nor+Pole%3A+Catholicism+and+National+Indifference+in+a+Central+European+Borderland&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11646-1&rft.aulast=Bjork&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Ginderachter2018" class="citation journal cs1">Van Ginderachter, Maarten (2018). "How to gauge banal nationalism and national indifference in the past: proletarian tweets in Belgium's belle époque". <i>Nations and Nationalism</i>. <b>24</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">579–</span>593. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12420">10.1111/nana.12420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nations+and+Nationalism&rft.atitle=How+to+gauge+banal+nationalism+and+national+indifference+in+the+past%3A+proletarian+tweets+in+Belgium%27s+belle+%C3%A9poque&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E579-%3C%2Fspan%3E593&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnana.12420&rft.aulast=Van+Ginderachter&rft.aufirst=Maarten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCole2012" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Laurence (2012). "Differentiation or Indifference? Changing Perspectives on National Identification in the Austrian Half of the Habsburg Monarchy". <i>Nationhood from Below: Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century</i>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. <span class="nowrap">96–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-35535-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-35535-4"><bdi>978-0-230-35535-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Differentiation+or+Indifference%3F+Changing+Perspectives+on+National+Identification+in+the+Austrian+Half+of+the+Habsburg+Monarchy&rft.btitle=Nationhood+from+Below%3A+Europe+in+the+Long+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-35535-4&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStergar2012" class="citation journal cs1">Stergar, Rok (2012). "National Indifference in the Heyday of Nationalist Mobilization? Ljubljana Military Veterans and the Language of Command". <i>Austrian History Yearbook</i>. <b>43</b>: <span class="nowrap">45–</span>58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0067237811000580">10.1017/S0067237811000580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Austrian+History+Yearbook&rft.atitle=National+Indifference+in+the+Heyday+of+Nationalist+Mobilization%3F+Ljubljana+Military+Veterans+and+the+Language+of+Command&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0067237811000580&rft.aulast=Stergar&rft.aufirst=Rok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLichtenstein2012" class="citation journal cs1">Lichtenstein, Tatjana (2012). "Racializing Jewishness: Zionist Reponses to National Indifference in Interwar Czechoslovakia". <i>Austrian History Yearbook</i>. <b>43</b>: <span class="nowrap">75–</span>97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0067237811000609">10.1017/S0067237811000609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Austrian+History+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Racializing+Jewishness%3A+Zionist+Reponses+to+National+Indifference+in+Interwar+Czechoslovakia&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0067237811000609&rft.aulast=Lichtenstein&rft.aufirst=Tatjana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zahra-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahra_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZahra2010" class="citation journal cs1">Zahra, Tara (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25621730">"Imagined Noncommunities: National Indifference as a Category of Analysis"</a>. <i>Slavic Review</i>. <b>69</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">93–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0037677900016715">10.1017/S0037677900016715</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-6779">0037-6779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slavic+Review&rft.atitle=Imagined+Noncommunities%3A+National+Indifference+as+a+Category+of+Analysis&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0037677900016715&rft.issn=0037-6779&rft.aulast=Zahra&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25621730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeest2017" class="citation journal cs1">Feest, David (2017). "Spaces of 'national indifference' in biographical research on citizens of the Baltic republics 1918–1940". <i>Journal of Baltic Studies</i>. <b>48</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">55–</span>66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01629778.2016.1269438">10.1080/01629778.2016.1269438</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Baltic+Studies&rft.atitle=Spaces+of+%E2%80%98national+indifference%E2%80%99+in+biographical+research+on+citizens+of+the+Baltic+republics+1918%E2%80%931940&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01629778.2016.1269438&rft.aulast=Feest&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Chad Carl (2007). <a href="/wiki/Prague_in_Black" title="Prague in Black"><i>Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism</i></a>. 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Palgrave Macmillan. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-79256-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-79256-8"><bdi>978-0-333-79256-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity+and+Ethnic+Conflict+in+the+Post-Communist+World&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002-03-07&rft.isbn=978-0-333-79256-8&rft.aulast=Fowkes&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9S4pCKm9bUEC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBolinDouglas2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bolin, Per; Douglas, Christina (2017). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'National indifference' in the Baltic territories? A critical assessment". <i>Journal of Baltic Studies</i>. <b>48</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">13–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01629778.2016.1269432">10.1080/01629778.2016.1269432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Baltic+Studies&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98National+indifference%E2%80%99+in+the+Baltic+territories%3F+A+critical+assessment&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01629778.2016.1269432&rft.aulast=Bolin&rft.aufirst=Per&rft.au=Douglas%2C+Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+indifference" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_indifference&oldid=1127024518">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_indifference&oldid=1127024518</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_identity" title="Category:National identity">National identity</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 December 2022, at 13:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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