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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This article's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>A <b>digital video recorder</b> (<b>DVR</b>), also referred to as a <b>personal video recorder</b> (<b>PVR</b>) particularly in Canada and British English, is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electronic_device?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic device">electronic device</a> that records video in a digital format to a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disk_drive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk drive">disk drive</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USB_flash_drive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a>, SD <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Memory_card?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Memory card">memory card</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SSD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SSD">SSD</a> or other local or networked <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mass_storage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mass storage">mass storage</a> device. The term includes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set-top_box?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set-top box">set-top boxes</a> (STB) with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direct_to_disk_recording?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct to disk recording">direct to disk recording</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portable_media_player?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portable media player">portable media players</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_gateway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV gateway">TV gateways</a> with recording capability, and digital <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camcorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camcorder">camcorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personal_computers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computers">Personal computers</a> are often connected to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video_capture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Video capture">video capture</a> devices and used as DVRs; in such cases the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Application_software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Application software">application software</a> used to record video is an integral part of the DVR. Many DVRs are classified as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consumer_electronic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer electronic">consumer electronic</a> devices. Similar small devices with built-in (~5 inch diagonal) displays and SSD support may be used for professional film or video production, as these recorders often do not have the limitations that built-in recorders in cameras have, offering wider codec support, the removal of recording time limitations and higher bitrates.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Foxtel_iQ.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Foxtel_iQ.jpg/300px-Foxtel_iQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Foxtel_iQ.jpg/450px-Foxtel_iQ.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Foxtel_iQ.jpg/600px-Foxtel_iQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="591"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foxtel_iQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxtel iQ">Foxtel iQ</a>, a combined digital video recorder and satellite receiver </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Vplus.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vplus.jpg/250px-Vplus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vplus.jpg/375px-Vplus.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vplus.jpg/500px-Vplus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="363"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="V+">V+</a>, a combined digital video recorder and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cable_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cable television">cable TV</a> receiver (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set-top_box?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set-top box">Set-top box</a>) </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hard-disk-based_digital_video_recorders"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hard-disk-based digital video recorders</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Digital_video_recorders_tied_to_a_video_service"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Digital video recorders tied to a video service</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Introduction_of_dual_tuners"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Introduction of dual tuners</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Types"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Types</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Integrated_television_sets"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Integrated television sets</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#VESA_compatibility"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">VESA compatibility</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Set-top_boxes_(STB)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Set-top boxes (STB)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#PC-based"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">PC-based</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Linux"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Linux</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#macOS"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">macOS</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Windows"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Windows</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Embeddable"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Embeddable</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Source_video"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Source video</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Analog_sources"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Analog sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Analog_broadcast_copy_protection"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Analog broadcast copy protection</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Digital_sources"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Digital sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ATSC_broadcast"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">ATSC broadcast</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Copy_protection"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Copy protection</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#DVB"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">DVB</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Digital_cable_and_satellite_television"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Digital cable and satellite television</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#DVD"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">DVD</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Digital_camcorders"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Digital camcorders</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#File_formats,_resolutions_and_file_systems"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">File formats, resolutions and file systems</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Applications"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Applications</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Security"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Security</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hardware_features"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hardware features</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Software_features"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Software features</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Privacy_concerns"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Privacy concerns</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Television_advertisements"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Television advertisements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Patent_and_copyright_litigation"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Patent and copyright litigation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hard-disk-based_digital_video_recorders">Hard-disk-based digital video recorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hard-disk-based digital video recorders" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Series_2_tivo_back.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Series_2_tivo_back.jpg/275px-Series_2_tivo_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1644"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 275px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Series_2_tivo_back.jpg/275px-Series_2_tivo_back.jpg" data-width="275" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Series_2_tivo_back.jpg/413px-Series_2_tivo_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Series_2_tivo_back.jpg/550px-Series_2_tivo_back.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Back view of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TiVo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TiVo">TiVo</a> Series2 5xx-generation unit </figcaption> </figure> <p>The first working DVR prototype<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was developed in 1998 at Stanford University Computer Science department. The DVR design was a chapter of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Y._Chang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Y. Chang">Edward Y. Chang</a>'s PhD dissertation, supervised by Professors <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hector_Garcia-Molina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Garcia-Molina">Hector Garcia-Molina</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jennifer_Widom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jennifer Widom">Jennifer Widom</a>. Two design papers were published at the 1998 VLDB conference,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1999 ICDE conference.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prototype was developed in 1998 at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a>'s CS488 class: Experiments in Digital Television,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the prototype was demoed to industrial partners including Sony, Intel, and Apple.</p> <p>Consumer digital video recorders <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ReplayTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ReplayTV">ReplayTV</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TiVo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TiVo">TiVo</a> were launched at the 1999 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas, Nevada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft also demonstrated a unit with DVR capability, but this did not become available until the end of 1999 for full DVR features in Dish Network's DISHplayer receivers. TiVo shipped their first units on March 31, 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ReplayTV won the "Best of Show" award in the video category<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> co-founder <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marc_Andreessen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a> as an early investor and board member,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but TiVo was more successful commercially. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ad_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ad Age">Ad Age</a></i> cited <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forrester_Research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forrester Research">Forrester Research</a> as saying that market penetration by the end of 1999 was "less than 100,000".<sup id="cite_ref-PVRs.AdAge99_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PVRs.AdAge99-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Legal action by media companies forced ReplayTV to remove many features such as automatic commercial skip and the sharing of recordings over the Internet,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but newer devices have steadily regained these functions while adding complementary abilities, such as recording onto <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DVD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DVD">DVDs</a> and programming and remote control facilities using PDAs, networked PCs, and Web browsers.</p> <p>In contrast to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Videocassette_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Videocassette recorder">VCRs</a>, hard-disk based digital video recorders make "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_shifting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time shifting">time shifting</a>" more convenient and also allow for functions such as pausing live TV, instant replay, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chase_Play?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Play">chasing playback</a> (viewing a recording before it has been completed) and skipping over <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Advertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Advertising">advertising</a> during playback.</p> <p>Many DVRs use the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a> format for compressing the digital video.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Video recording capabilities have become an essential part of the modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set-top_box?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set-top box">set-top box</a>, as TV viewers have wanted to take control of their viewing experiences. As consumers have been able to converge increasing amounts of video content on their set-tops, delivered by traditional '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broadcasting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broadcasting">broadcast</a>' <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cable_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable TV">cable</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satellite_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite TV">satellite</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrestrial_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial TV">terrestrial</a> as well as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Protocol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a> networks, the ability to capture programming and view it whenever they want has become a must-have function for many consumers.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Digital_video_recorders_tied_to_a_video_service">Digital video recorders tied to a video service</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Digital video recorders tied to a video service" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>At the 1999 CES, Dish Network demonstrated the hardware that would later have DVR capability with the assistance of Microsoft software, which also included access to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WebTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WebTV">WebTV</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-microsoft.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1999 the Dishplayer had full DVR capabilities and within a year, over 200,000 units were sold.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In the UK, digital video recorders are often referred to as "plus boxes" (such as BSKYB's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sky%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sky+">Sky+</a> and Virgin Media's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="V+">V+</a> which integrates an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High-definition_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High-definition television">HD</a> capability, and the subscription free <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freesat%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freeview%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeview+">Freeview+</a>). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freeview%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeview+">Freeview+</a> have been around in the UK since the late 2000s, although the platform's first DVR, the Pace Twin, dates to 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British Sky Broadcasting marketed a popular combined receiver and DVR as Sky+, now replaced by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sky_Q?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sky Q">Sky Q</a> box. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TiVo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TiVo">TiVo</a> launched a UK model in 2000, and is no longer supported, except for third party services, and the continuation of TiVo through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgin_Media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> in 2010. South African based Africa Satellite TV beamer Multichoice recently launched their DVR which is available on their DStv platform. In addition to ReplayTV and TiVo, there are a number of other suppliers of digital terrestrial (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital terrestrial television">DTT</a>) DVRs, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technicolor_SA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Technicolor SA">Technicolor SA</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Topfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Topfield">Topfield</a>, Fusion, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commscope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commscope">Commscope</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humax">Humax</a>, VBox Communications, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=AC_Ryan_Playon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="AC Ryan Playon (page does not exist)">AC Ryan Playon</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Advanced_Digital_Broadcast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Advanced Digital Broadcast">Advanced Digital Broadcast</a> (ADB).</p> <p>Many satellite, cable and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IPTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a> companies are incorporating digital video recording functions into their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set-top_box?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set-top box">set-top box</a>, such as with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DirecTiVo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="DirecTiVo">DirecTiVo</a>, DISHPlayer/DishDVR, Scientific Atlanta <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Explorer_8300&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Explorer 8300 (page does not exist)">Explorer 8xxx</a> from Time Warner, Total Home DVR from AT&T <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/U-verse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="U-verse">U-verse</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motorola_DCT6412?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola DCT6412">Motorola DCT6412</a> from Comcast and others, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moxi_(DVR)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moxi (DVR)">Moxi</a> Media Center by Digeo (available through Charter, Adelphia, Sunflower, Bend Broadband, and soon Comcast and other cable companies), or Sky+. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astro_(satellite_TV)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Astro (satellite TV)">Astro</a> introduced their DVR system, called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astro_MAX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astro MAX">Astro MAX</a>, which was the first PVR in Malaysia but was phased out two years after its introduction.</p> <p>In the case of digital television, there is no <i>encoding</i> necessary in the DVR since the signal is already a digitally encoded MPEG stream. The digital video recorder simply stores the digital stream directly to disk. Having the broadcaster involved with, and sometimes subsidizing, the design of the DVR can lead to features such as the ability to use interactive TV on recorded shows, pre-loading of programs, or directly recording encrypted digital streams. It can, however, also force the manufacturer to implement non-skippable advertisements and automatically expiring recordings.</p> <p>In the United States, the FCC has ruled that starting on July 1, 2007, consumers will be able to purchase a set-top box from a third-party company, rather than being forced to purchase or rent the set-top box from their cable company.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ruling only applies to "navigation devices", otherwise known as a cable television set-top box, and not to the security functions that control the user's access to the content of the cable operator.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall net effect on digital video recorders and related technology is unlikely to be substantial as standalone DVRs are currently readily available on the open market.</p> <p>In Europe <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free-To-Air?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-To-Air">Free-To-Air</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pay_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay TV">Pay TV</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_gateway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV gateway">TV gateways</a> with multiple tuners have whole house recording capabilities allowing recording of TV programs to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Network_Attached_Storage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Attached Storage">Network Attached Storage</a> or attached USB storage, recorded programs are then shared across the home network to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tablet_computer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tablet computer">tablet</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smartphone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>, PC, Mac, Smart TV.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Introduction_of_dual_tuners">Introduction of dual tuners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Introduction of dual tuners" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 2003 many Satellite and Cable providers introduced dual-tuner digital video recorders. In the UK, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BSkyB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="BSkyB">BSkyB</a> introduced their first PVR <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sky%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sky+">Sky+</a> with dual tuner support in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These machines have two independent tuners within the same receiver. The main use for this feature is the capability to record a live program while watching another live program simultaneously or to record two programs at the same time, possibly while watching a previously recorded one. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kogan.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kogan.com">Kogan.com</a> introduced a dual-tuner PVR in the Australian market allowing free-to-air television to be recorded on a removable hard drive. Some dual-tuner DVRs also have the ability to output to two separate television sets at the same time. The PVR manufactured by UEC (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durban?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durban">Durban</a>, South Africa) and used by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multichoice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichoice">Multichoice</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scientific_Atlanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scientific Atlanta">Scientific Atlanta</a> 8300DVB PVR have the ability to view two programs while recording a third using a triple tuner.</p> <p>Where several <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_subchannel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital subchannel">digital subchannels</a> are transmitted on a single RF channel, some PVRs can record two channels and view a third, so long as all three subchannels are on two channels (or one).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In the United States, DVRs were used by 32 percent of all TV households in 2009, and 38 percent by 2010, with viewership among 18- to 40-year-olds 40 percent higher in homes that have them.<sup id="cite_ref-WhyNewShows_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WhyNewShows-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Types" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Integrated_television_sets">Integrated television sets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Integrated television sets" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG/220px-Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 308px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG/220px-Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="308" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG/330px-Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG/440px-Intergrated_LCD_DVR3.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Side view of an LCD monitor with built-in DVR </figcaption> </figure> <p>DVRs are integrated into some <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Television_set?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Television set">television sets</a> (TVs). These systems simplify wiring and operation because they employ a single power cable, have no interconnected ports (e.g., <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HDMI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HDMI">HDMI</a>), and share a common <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Remote_control?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Remote control">remote control</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="VESA_compatibility">VESA compatibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: VESA compatibility" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG/220px-VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="1137"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 321px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG/220px-VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="321" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG/330px-VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG/440px-VESA_Compatible_DVR.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Underside of a VESA-compatible DVR </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VESA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="VESA">VESA</a>-compatible DVRs are designed to attach to the VESA mounting holes (100×100 mm) on the back of an LCD television set (TV), allowing users to combine the TV and DVR into an integrated unit.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Set-top_boxes_(STB)"><span id="Set-top_boxes_.28STB.29"></span>Set-top boxes (STB)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Set-top boxes (STB)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Over-the-air</i> DVRs are standalone receivers that record broadcast television programs. Several companies have launched over-the-air DVR products for the consumer market over the past few years.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Some pay-TV operators provide receivers that allow subscribers to attach their own <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Network-attached_storage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> (NAS) hard drives or solid-state or flash memory to record video and other media files (e.g., audio and photos).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="PC-based">PC-based</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: PC-based" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Software and hardware are available which can turn personal computers running <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft_Windows?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linux">Linux</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mac_OS_X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> into DVRs, and is a popular option for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HTPC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HTPC">home-theater PC</a> (HTPC) enthusiasts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Linux">Linux</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Linux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>There are many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free software">free</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_source_software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a> DVR applications available for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linux">Linux</a>. For example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_gateway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV gateway">TV gateway</a> interfaces to DVB tuners and provides network tuner and TV server functions, which allows live viewing and recording over IP networks. Other examples include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MythTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MythTV">MythTV</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video_Disk_Recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Video Disk Recorder">Video Disk Recorder</a> (VDR), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LinuxMCE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LinuxMCE">LinuxMCE</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TiVo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TiVo">TiVo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VBox_Home_TV_Gateway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VBox Home TV Gateway">VBox Home TV Gateway</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kodi_(software)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kodi (software)">Kodi</a> (formerly XBMC).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="macOS">macOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: macOS" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Geniatech makes a series of digital video recording devices called EyeTV. The software supplied with each device is also called EyeTV, and is available separately for use on compatible third-party tuners from manufacturers such as Pinnacle, TerraTec, and Hauppauge.</p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SageTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SageTV">SageTV</a> provided DVR software for the Mac but no longer sells it.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously sold devices support the Hauppauge HVR-950, myTV.PVR and HDHomeRun hardware with its DVR software. SageTV software also included the ability to watch YouTube and other online video with a remote control.</p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MythTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MythTV">MythTV</a> (see above) also runs under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mac_OS_X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, but most recording devices are currently only supported under Linux. Precompiled binaries are available for the MythTV front-end, allowing a Mac to watch video from (and control) a MythTV server running under Linux.</p> <p>Apple provides applications in the FireWire software developer kit which allow any Mac with a FireWire port to record the MPEG2 transport stream from a FireWire-equipped cable box (for example: Motorola DCT62xx, including HD streams). Applications can also change channels on the cable box via the firewire interface. Only broadcast channels can be recorded as the rest of the channels are encrypted. <i>FireRecord (formerly iRecord)</i> is a free scheduled-recording program derived from this SDK.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Windows">Windows</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Windows" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>There are several free digital video recording applications available for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft_Windows?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GB-PVR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GB-PVR">GB-PVR</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MediaPortal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MediaPortal">MediaPortal</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orb_(Software)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (Software)">Orb</a> (web-based remote interface).</p> <p>There are also several <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proprietary_software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proprietary software">commercial</a> applications available including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CyberLink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CyberLink">CyberLink</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SageTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SageTV">SageTV</a> (which is no longer available after Google acquired it in June 2011), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beyond_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beyond TV">Beyond TV</a> (which is considered discontinued despite an official announcement from SnapStream since the last update was October 2010 and they are concentrating on their enterprise search products), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DVBViewer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DVBViewer">DVBViewer</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Showshifter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Showshifter">Showshifter</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/InterVideo_WinDVR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="InterVideo WinDVR">InterVideo WinDVR</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R5000-HD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="R5000-HD (page does not exist)">R5000-HD</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Meedio&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Meedio (page does not exist)">Meedio</a> (now a dead product – Yahoo! bought most of the company's technology and discontinued the Meedio line, and rebranded the software Yahoo! Go – TV, which is now a free product but only works in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Most <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_tuner_card?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV tuner card">TV tuner cards</a> come bundled with software which allows the PC to record television to hard disk. See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_tuner_card?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV tuner card">TV tuner card</a>. For example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leadtek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leadtek">Leadtek</a>'s WinFast DTV1000 digital <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_card?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TV card">TV card</a> comes bundled with the WinFast PVR2 software, which can also record analog video from the card's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Composite_video?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Composite video">composite video</a> input socket.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windows_Media_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Windows Media Center">Windows Media Center</a> is a DVR software by Microsoft which was bundled with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windows_XP_Media_Center_Edition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Windows XP Media Center Edition">Media Center edition of Windows XP</a>, the Home Premium / Ultimate editions of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windows_Vista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, as well as most editions of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windows_7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>. When Windows 8 was released in 2012, Windows Media Center was not included with Windows 8 OEM or Retail installations, and was only available as a $15 add-on pack (including DVD Playback codecs) to Windows 8 Pro users.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Embeddable">Embeddable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Embeddable" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg/220px-1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg/220px-1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg/330px-1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg/440px-1-Channel_Embeddable_DVR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Embeddable DVR with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Incremental_encoder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Incremental encoder">incremental encoder</a> interface for position tracking </figcaption> </figure> <p>An <i>embeddable</i> DVR is a standalone device that is designed to be easily integrated into more complex systems. It is typically supplied as a compact, bare circuit board that facilitates mounting it as a subsystem component within larger equipment. The control keypad is usually connected with a detachable cable, to allow it to be located on the system's exterior while the DVR circuitry resides inside the equipment.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Source_video">Source video</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Source video" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Television">Television</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Video">video</a> are terms that are sometimes used interchangeably, but differ in their technical meaning. Video is the visual portion of television, whereas television is the combination of video and audio <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modulation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modulation">modulated</a> onto a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carrier_wave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carrier wave">carrier frequency</a> (i.e., a television channel) for delivery. Most DVRs can record both video and audio.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Analog_sources">Analog sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Analog sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The first digital video recorders were designed to record <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Analog_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Analog television">analog television</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NTSC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PAL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PAL">PAL</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SECAM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SECAM">SECAM</a> formats.</p> <p>To record an analog signal a few steps are required. In the case of a television signal, a television <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tuner_(radio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tuner (radio)">tuner</a> must first demodulate the radio frequency signal to produce baseband video. The video is then converted to digital form by a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frame_grabber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frame grabber">frame grabber</a>, which converts each video image into a collection of numeric values that represent the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pixel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pixel">pixels</a> within the image. At the same time, the audio is also converted to digital form by an analog-to-digital converter running at a constant sampling rate. In many devices, the resulting digital video and audio are compressed before recording to reduce the amount of data that will be recorded, although some DVRs record uncompressed data. When compression is used, video is typically compressed using formats such as H.264 or MPEG-2, and audio is compressed using AAC or MP3.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Analog_broadcast_copy_protection">Analog broadcast copy protection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Analog broadcast copy protection" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Many consumer DVRs implement a copy-protection system called <i>Copy Generation Management System—Analog</i> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CGMS-A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CGMS-A">CGMS-A</a>), which specifies one of four possible copy permissions by means of two bits encoded in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vertical blanking interval">vertical blanking interval</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Copying is freely allowed</li> <li>Copying is prohibited</li> <li>Only one copy of this material may be made</li> <li>This is a copy of material for which only one copy was allowed to be made, so no further copies are allowed.</li> </ul> <p>CGMS-A information may be present in analog broadcast TV signals, and is preserved when the signal is recorded and played back by analog <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VCR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="VCR">VCRs</a>. VCRs do not understand the meanings of the bits but preserve them in case there is a subsequent attempt to copy the tape to a DVR.</p> <p>DVRs such as TiVo also detect and act upon<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> analog protection systems such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macrovision?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrovision">Macrovision</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DCS_Copy_Protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="DCS Copy Protection">DCS Copy Protection</a> which were originally designed to block copying on analog VCRs.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Digital_sources">Digital sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Digital sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Recording digital signals is generally a straightforward capture of the binary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MPEG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> data being received. No expensive hardware is required to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quantization_(signal_processing)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quantization (signal processing)">quantize</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video_compression?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Video compression">compress</a> the signal (as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broadcasting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broadcasting">television broadcaster</a> has already done this in the studio).</p> <p>DVD-based PVRs available on the market as of 2006 are not capable of capturing the full range of the visual signal available with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High-definition_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High-definition television">high-definition television</a> (HDTV). This is largely because HDTV standards were finalized at a later time than the standards for DVDs. However, DVD-based PVRs can still be used (albeit at reduced visual quality) with HDTV since currently available HDTV sets also have standard A/V connections.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ATSC_broadcast">ATSC broadcast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: ATSC broadcast" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ATSC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a> television broadcasting is primarily used in North America. The ATSC data stream can be directly recorded by a digital video recorder, though many DVRs record only a subset of this information (that can later be transferred to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DVD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DVD">DVD</a>). An ATSC DVR will also act as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set-top_box?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set-top box">set-top box</a>, allowing older televisions or monitors to receive digital television.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Copy_protection">Copy protection</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Copy protection" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The U.S. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> attempted to limit the abilities of DVRs with its "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broadcast_flag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broadcast flag">broadcast flag</a>" regulation. Digital video recorders that had not won prior approval from the FCC for implementing "effective" <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_rights_management?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> would have been banned from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interstate_commerce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate commerce">interstate commerce</a> from July 2005, but the regulation was struck down on May 6, 2005.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="DVB">DVB</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: DVB" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital television">digital television</a> contains audio/visual signals that are broadcast over the air in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital data">digital</a> rather than <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Analog_format?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog format">analog format</a>. The DVB data stream can be directly recorded by the DVR. Devices that can use external storage devices (such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hard_disks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disks">hard disks</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SSDs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SSDs">SSDs</a>, or other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flash_storage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash storage">flash storage</a>) to store and recover data without the aid of another device are sometimes called telememory devices.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Digital_cable_and_satellite_television">Digital cable and satellite television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Digital cable and satellite television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Recording <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satellite_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_cable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital cable">digital cable</a> signals on a digital video recorder can be more complex than recording analog signals or broadcast digital signals. There are several different transmission schemes, and the video streams may be encrypted to restrict access to subscribers only.</p> <p>A satellite or cable <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set-top_box?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set-top box">set-top box</a> both decrypts the signal if encrypted, and decodes the MPEG stream into an analog signal for viewing on the television. In order to record cable or satellite digital signals the signal must be captured after it has been decrypted but before it is decoded; this is how DVRs built into set-top boxes work.</p> <p>Cable and satellite providers often offer their own digital video recorders along with a service plan. These DVRs have access to the encrypted video stream, and generally enforce the provider's restrictions on copying of material even after recording.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="DVD">DVD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: DVD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Many DVD-based DVRs have the capability to copy content from a source DVD (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripping">ripping</a>). In the United States, this is prohibited under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a> if the disc is encrypted. Most such DVRs will therefore not allow recording of video streams from encrypted movie discs.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Digital_camcorders">Digital camcorders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Digital camcorders" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A digital <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camcorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camcorder">camcorder</a> combines a camera and a digital video recorder.</p> <p>Some DVD-based DVRs incorporate connectors that can be used to capture digital video from a camcorder. Some editing of the resulting DVD is usually possible, such as adding chapter points.</p> <p>Some digital video recorders can now record to solid state <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flash_memory_card?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash memory card">flash memory cards</a> (called <i>flash camcorders</i>). They generally use <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secure_Digital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">Secure Digital</a> cards, can include wireless connections (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bluetooth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wi-Fi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>), and can play <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SWF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SWF">SWF</a> files. There are some digital video recorders that combine video and graphics in real time to the flash card, called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DTE_(Direct_To_Edit)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="DTE (Direct To Edit)">DTE</a> or "direct to edit". These are used to speed-up the editing workflow in video and television production, since linear videotapes do not then need to be transferred to the edit workstation (see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Non-linear_editing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-linear editing system">Non-linear editing system</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="File_formats,_resolutions_and_file_systems"><span id="File_formats.2C_resolutions_and_file_systems"></span>File formats, resolutions and file systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: File formats, resolutions and file systems" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>DVRs can usually record and play <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Part 2</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MPEG-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.mpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title=".mpg">.mpg</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MPEG-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> .<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MPEG transport stream">TS</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VOB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VOB">VOB</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_image?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO image">ISO images</a> video, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MP3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MP3">MP3</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolby_AC-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby AC-3">AC3</a> audio tracks. They can also display images (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JPEG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>) and play music files (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MP3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MP3">MP3</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ogg">Ogg</a>).</p> <p>Some devices can be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firmware?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firmware">updated</a> to play and record in new formats. DVRs usually record in proprietary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File system">file systems</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copy_protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copy protection">copy protection</a>, although some can use <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File_Allocation_Table?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> file systems. Recordings from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard-definition_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard-definition television">standard-definition television</a> usually have 480p/i/576p/i while <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HDTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> is usually in 720p/1080i.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Applications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Security">Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Security" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg/220px-Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg/220px-Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg/330px-Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg/440px-Lorex_4K_NVR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Lorex 4K NVR, a security digital video recorder </figcaption> </figure> <p>Digital video recorders configured for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Physical_security?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Physical security">physical security</a> applications record video signals from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Closed-circuit_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> cameras for detection and documentation purposes. Many are designed to record audio as well. DVRs have evolved into devices that are feature rich and provide services that exceed the simple recording of video images that was previously done through VCRs. A DVR CCTV system provides a multitude of advanced functions over VCR technology including video searches by event, time, date and camera. There is also much more control over quality and frame rate allowing disk space usage to be optimized and the DVR can also be set to overwrite the oldest security footage should the disk become full. In some DVR security systems remote access to security footage using a PC can also be achieved by connecting the DVR to a LAN network or the Internet. Some of the latest professional digital video recorders include video analytics firmware, to enable functionality such as 'virtual tripwire' or even the detection of abandoned objects on the scene.</p> <p>Security DVRs may be categorized as being either PC-based or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Embedded_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Embedded system">embedded</a>. A PC-based DVR's architecture is a classical personal computer with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video_capture_card?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Video capture card">video capture cards</a> designed to capture video images. An embedded type DVR is specifically designed as a digital video recorder with its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operating_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operating system">operating system</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Application_software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Application software">application software</a> contained in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firmware?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firmware">firmware</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Read-only_memory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Read-only memory">read-only memory</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Hardware_features">Hardware features</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hardware features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Computer_hardware?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Computer hardware">Hardware</a> features of security DVRs vary between manufacturers and may include but are not necessarily limited to:</p> <ul> <li>Designed for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-inch_rack?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-inch rack">rack</a> mounting or desktop configurations.</li> <li>Single or multiple video inputs with connector types consistent with the analogue or digital video provided such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coaxial_cable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twisted_pair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twisted pair">twisted pair</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fiber cable">optical fiber cable</a>. The most common number of inputs are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32. Systems may be configured with a very large number of inputs by networking or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bus_(computing)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bus (computing)">bussing</a> individual DVRs together.</li> <li>Looping video outputs for each input which duplicates the corresponding input video signal and connector type. These output signals are used by other video equipment such as matrix switchers, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multiplexer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Multiplexer">multiplexers</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video_monitor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Video monitor">video monitors</a>.</li> <li>Controlled outputs to external video display monitors.</li> <li>Front panel switches and indicators that allow the various features of the machine to be controlled.</li> <li>Network connections consistent with the network type and utilized to control features of the recorder and to send and/or receive video signals.</li> <li>Connections to external control devices such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Computer_keyboard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Computer keyboard">keyboards</a>.</li> <li>A connection to external pan-tilt-zoom drives that position cameras.</li> <li>Internal CD, DVD, VCR devices typically for archiving video.</li> <li>Connections to external <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Storage_media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Storage media">storage media</a>.</li> <li>Alarm event inputs from external security detection devices, usually one per video input.</li> <li>Alarm event outputs from internal detection features such as motion detection or loss of video.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Software_features">Software features</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Software features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Software features vary between manufacturers and may include but are not necessarily limited to:</p> <ul> <li>User-selectable image capture rates either on an all input basis or input by input basis. The capture rate feature may be programmed to automatically adjust the capture rate on the occurrence of an external alarm or an internal event</li> <li>Selectable <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Image_resolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Image resolution">image resolution</a> either on an all input basis or input by input basis. The image resolution feature may be programmed to automatically adjust the image resolution on the occurrence of an external alarm or an internal event.</li> <li>Compression methods determine quality of playback. H.264 hardware compression offers fast transfer rates over the Internet with high quality video.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motion_detection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion detection">Motion detection</a>: Provided on an input by input basis, this feature detects motion in the total image or a user definable portion of the image and usually provides sensitivity settings. Detection causes an internal event that may be output to external equipment and/or be used to trigger changes in other internal features.</li> <li>Lack of motion detection. Provided on an input by input basis, this feature detects the movement of an object into the field of view and remaining still for a user definable time. Detection causes an internal event that may be output to external equipment and/or used to trigger changes in other internal features.</li> <li>Direction of motion detection. Provided on an input by input basis, this feature detects the direction of motion in the image that has been determined by the user as an unacceptable occurrence. Detection causes an internal event that may be output to external equipment and/or be used to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Event-driven_programming?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Event-driven programming">trigger</a> changes in other internal features.</li> <li>Routing of input video to video monitors based on user inputs or automatically on alarms or events.</li> <li>Input, time and date stamping.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alarm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alarm">Alarm</a> and event logging on appropriate video inputs.</li> <li>Alarm and event search.</li> <li>One or more sound recording channels.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archiving?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Archiving">Archival</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Privacy_concerns">Privacy concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Privacy concerns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Some (very few), but certainly not all, digital video recorders which are designed to send information to a service provider over a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telephone_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telephone line">telephone line</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet">Internet</a> (or any other way) can gather and send real-time data on users' viewing habits.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This problem was noted back in 2000<sup id="cite_ref-PVRs.AdAge99_10-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PVRs.AdAge99-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was still considered a problem, specifically with TiVo, in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Television_advertisements">Television advertisements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Television advertisements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_advertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TV advertising">TV advertising</a> </div> <p>Digital video recorders are also changing the way television programs advertise products. Watching pre-recorded programs allows users to fast-forward through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commercials?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercials">commercials</a>, and some technology allows users to remove commercials entirely. Half of viewers in the United States, for example, use DVRs to skip commercials entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-WhyNewShows_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WhyNewShows-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This feature has been controversial for the last decade, with major television networks and movie studios claiming it violates copyright and should be banned.</p> <p>In 1985, an employee of Honeywell's Physical Sciences Center, David Rafner, first described a drive-based DVR designed for home TV recording, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_shifting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time shifting">time shifting</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commercial_skipping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commercial skipping">commercial skipping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. Patent 4,972,396 focused on a multi-channel design to allow simultaneous independent recording and playback. Broadly anticipating future DVR developments, it describes possible applications such as streaming compression, editing, captioning, multi-channel security monitoring, military sensor platforms, and remotely piloted vehicles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>In 1999, the first DVR which had a built-in commercial skipping feature was introduced by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ReplayTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ReplayTV">ReplayTV</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> in Las Vegas.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, five owners of the ReplayTV DVR sued the main television networks and movie studios, asking the federal judge to uphold consumers' rights to record TV shows and skip commercials, claiming that features such as commercial skipping help parents protect their kids from excessive <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consumerism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a>. ReplayTV was purchased by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SONICblue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SONICblue">SONICblue</a> in 2001 and in March 2003, SONICblue filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after fighting a copyright infringement suit over the ReplayTV's ability to skip commercials. In 2007, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DirecTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> purchased the remaining assets of ReplayTV. A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Third-party_software_component?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Third-party software component">third-party</a> add-on for Windows Media Center called "DVRMSToolbox" has the ability to skip commercials. There is a command-line program called Comskip that detects commercials in an MPEG-2 file and saves their positions to a text file. This file can then be fed to a program like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MEncoder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MEncoder">MEncoder</a> to actually remove the commercials.</p> <p>Many<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2019)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> speculate that television advertisements will be eliminated altogether,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> replaced by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Product_placement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Product placement">advertising in the TV shows themselves</a>. For example, <i>Extreme Makeover: Home Edition</i> advertises <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_and_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears, Roebuck and Company">Sears</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenmore_Appliances?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenmore Appliances">Kenmore</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kohler_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohler Company">Kohler</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_Depot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Home Depot">Home Depot</a> by specifically using products from these companies, and some sports events like the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sprint_Cup_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprint Cup Series">Sprint Cup</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NASCAR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> are named after sponsors.</p> <p>Another type of advertisement shown more and more, mostly for advertising television shows on the same channel, is where the ad overlays the bottom of the television screen, blocking out some of the picture. "Banners", or "logo bugs", as they are called, are referred to by media companies as Secondary Events (2E).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is done in much the same way as severe weather warnings are done. Sometimes, these take up only 5–10% of the screen, but in the extreme, can take up as much as 25% of the viewing area. Some even make noise or move across the screen. One example of this is the 2E ads for <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Three_Moons_Over_Milford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Three Moons Over Milford">Three Moons Over Milford</a></i> in the months before its premiere. A video taking up approximately 25% of the bottom-left portion of the screen would show a comet impacting into the moon with an accompanying explosion, during another television program.</p> <p>Because of this widely used new technology, advertisers are now looking at a new way to market their products on television. An excerpt from the magazine <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Advertising_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising Age">Advertising Age</a></i> reads: "As advertisers lose the ability to invade the home, and consumer's minds, they will be forced to wait for an invitation. This means that they have to learn what kinds of advertising content customers will actually be willing to seek out and receive."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>With ad skipping and the time-sensitive nature of certain ads, advertisers are wary of buying commercial time on shows that are heavily digitally video-recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-adver_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-adver-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, technology today makes it possible for networks to insert ads dynamically on videos being played in DVRs. Advertisers could inject time-relevant ads to recorded programs when the program is viewed. This way the ads could be not just topical but also personalized to viewers interests. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DirecTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> in March 2011 signed an arrangement with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NDS_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NDS Group">NDS Group</a> to enable the delivery of such addressable advertisement.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that viewers prefer to forward ads, than to switch the channel. By switching channels, viewers will have the probability of skipping the beginning of their program. Users might switch to a channel that is also showing ads. Having the ability to pause, rewind, and forward live TV gives users a chance to change the channel fewer times. Forwarding ads can have a later effect on the viewer. Ads that get the viewers' attention will influence the viewers' to rewind and watch what was missed.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In January 2012, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dish_Network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a> announced Hopper service, costing $10 extra per month, which recorded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prime-time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime-time">prime-time</a> programming from the four major broadcast networks. With the Auto Hop feature, viewers can watch the programs they choose without commercials, without making the effort to fast-forward. On May 24, 2012, Dish and the networks filed suit in federal court.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Patent_and_copyright_litigation">Patent and copyright litigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Patent and copyright litigation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> The examples and perspective in this US <b>may not represent a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DDigital_video_recorder%26action%3Dedit">improve this US</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:Digital video recorder">talk page</a>, or create a new US, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>On July 14, 2005, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forgent_Networks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Forgent Networks">Forgent Networks</a> filed suit<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against various companies alleging infringement on <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6285746">U.S. patent 6,285,746</a></span>, entitled "Computer controlled video system allowing playback during recording". The listed companies included EchoStar, DirecTV, Charter Communications, Cox Communications, Comcast, Time Warner, and Cable One.</p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scientific-Atlanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific-Atlanta">Scientific-Atlanta</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motorola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, the manufacturers of the equipment sold by the above-mentioned companies, filed a counter-suit against Forgent Networks claiming that their products do not violate the patent, and that the patent is invalid. The two cases were combined into case 6:06-cv-208, filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division.</p> <p>According to court documents, on June 20, 2006, Motorola requested that the United States Patent and Trademarks Office reexamine the patent, which was first filed in 1991, but has been amended several times.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>On March 23, 2007, Cablevision Systems Corp lost a legal battle against several Hollywood studios and television networks to introduce a network-based digital video recorder service to its subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on August 4, 2008, Cablevision won its appeal. John M. Walker Jr., a Second Circuit judge, declared that the technology "would not directly infringe" on the media companies' rights.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nytimes.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An appeal to the Supreme Court was rejected.</p> <p>In court, the media companies argued that network digital video recorders were tantamount to video-on-demand, and that they should receive license fees for the recording. Cablevision and the appeals court disagreed. The company noted that each user would record programs on his or her own individual server space, making it a DVR that has a "very long cord".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_44-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nytimes.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 2004, TiVo sued EchoStar Corp, a manufacturer of DVR units, for patent infringement. The parties reached a settlement in 2011 wherein EchoStar pays a one-time fee (in three structured payments) that grants Echostar full rights for life to the disputed TiVo patents upon first payment(as opposed to indefinite and escalating license fees to be constantly renegotiated), and Echostar granted TiVo full rights for life to certain Echostar patents and dropped their counter-suit against TiVo.</p> <p>In January 2012, AT&T settled a similar suit brought by TiVo claiming patent infringement (just as with Echostar) in exchange for cash payments to TiVo totaling $215 million through June 2018 plus "incremental recurring per subscriber monthly license fees" to TiVo through July 2018, but grants no full lifetime rights as per the Echostar settlement.</p> <p>In May 2012, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Co._v._Dish_Network,_LLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC">Fox Broadcasting sued Dish Network</a>, arguing that Dish's set-top box with DVR function, which allowed the users to automatically record prime-time programs and skip commercials, was copyright infringement and breach of contract. In July 2013, the 9th circuit rejected Fox's claims.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set-top_box?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set-top box">Set-top box</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_theater_PC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Home theater PC">Home theater PC</a> (Media PC)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_media_player?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital media player">Digital media player</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smart_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smart TV">Smart TV</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comparison_of_PVR_software_packages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of PVR software packages">Comparison of PVR software packages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10-foot_user_interface?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10-foot user interface">10-foot user interface</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Content_Reference_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Content Reference Identifier">CRID</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direct-to-disk_recording?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-to-disk recording">Direct-to-disk recording</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DTE_(Direct_To_Edit)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="DTE (Direct To Edit)">DTE (Direct To Edit)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DTVPal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DTVPal">DTVPal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freeview%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeview+">Freeview+</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freesat%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hopper_(DVR)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hopper (DVR)">Hopper (DVR)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_portable_software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Recorders" title="List of portable software">List of portable software § Recorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Media_server?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Media server">Media server</a> (Consumer)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_shifting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time shifting">Time shifting</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Space_shifting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Space shifting">Space shifting</a> (place shifting)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Remote_storage_digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote storage digital video recorder">Remote storage digital video recorder</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MythTV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MythTV">MythTV</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Network_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Network video recorder">Network video recorder</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SubRip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SubRip">SubRip</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sky%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sky+">Sky+</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tablo_(DVR)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tablo (DVR)">Tablo (DVR)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TiVo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TiVo">TiVo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV-Anytime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV-Anytime">TV-Anytime</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PVR-resistant_advertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PVR-resistant advertising">PVR-resistant advertising</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Remote_control?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Remote control">Remote control</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USB_hard_disk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USB hard disk">USB hard disk</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USB_On-The-Go?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="USB On-The-Go">USB On-The-Go</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vu%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vu+">Vu+</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video_server?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Video server">Video server</a> (Broadcast)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kodi_(software)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kodi (software)">Kodi (software)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xbox_One?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502185303/http://en.usersdt.com/article/199.html">"USER-Digital Video Recorder Or Personal Video Recorder"</a>. ShenZhen USER Special Display Technologies, Co., Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://en.usersdt.com/article/199.html">the original</a> on 2014-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USER-Digital+Video+Recorder+Or+Personal+Video+Recorder&rft.pub=ShenZhen+USER+Special+Display+Technologies%2C+Co.%2C+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.usersdt.com%2Farticle%2F199.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs448-98-fall/dtv/dvcr.html">"DVR Prototype, Stanford University"</a>. 1998-10-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DVR+Prototype%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graphics.stanford.edu%2Fcourses%2Fcs448-98-fall%2Fdtv%2Fdvcr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Effective Memory Use in a Media Server", Edward Y. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina, Proceedings of the 23rd Very Large Data Base (VLDB) Conference, p.496-505, Athene Greece, 1998.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"MEDIC: A Memory & Disk Cache for Multimedia Clients", Edward Y. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, p.493-99, Florence, Italy, June 1999.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs448-98-fall/">"CS448, Experiments in Digital Television"</a>. <i>Computer Graphics at Stanford University</i>. Fall 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031091255/http://www.graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs448-98-fall/">Archived</a> from the original on Oct 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+Graphics+at+Stanford+University&rft.atitle=CS448%2C+Experiments+in+Digital+Television&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graphics.stanford.edu%2Fcourses%2Fcs448-98-fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-pvr.htm">"What is a PVR?"</a>. <i>wiseGEEK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425095418/http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-pvr.htm">Archived</a> from the original on Apr 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiseGEEK&rft.atitle=What+is+a+PVR%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.com%2Fwhat-is-a-pvr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217230652/https://blog.tivo.com/2012/03/happy-blue-moon-tivo-celebrates-its-birthday-a-little-early/">"Happy Blue Moon! TiVo celebrates its birthday (a little early)"</a>. <i>TiVo Blog</i>. March 22, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blog.tivo.com/2012/03/happy-blue-moon-tivo-celebrates-its-birthday-a-little-early">the original</a> on 2019-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TiVo+Blog&rft.atitle=Happy+Blue+Moon%21+TiVo+celebrates+its+birthday+%28a+little+early%29&rft.date=2012-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.tivo.com%2F2012%2F03%2Fhappy-blue-moon-tivo-celebrates-its-birthday-a-little-early&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228091021/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Jan_6/ai_53524364/">"ReplayTV Wins CES 1999 'Best of Show' Award"</a>. <i>Business Wire</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Wire&rft.atitle=ReplayTV+Wins+CES+1999+%27Best+of+Show%27+Award&rft.date=1999-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0EIN%2Fis_1999_Jan_6%2Fai_53524364%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff1998" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (1998-11-09). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/09/business/netscape-pioneer-to-invest-in-smart-vcr.html">"Netscape Pioneer to Invest in Smart VCR"</a></span>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929135556/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/09/business/netscape-pioneer-to-invest-in-smart-vcr.html">Archived</a> from the original on Sep 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Netscape+Pioneer+to+Invest+in+Smart+VCR&rft.date=1998-11-09&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F11%2F09%2Fbusiness%2Fnetscape-pioneer-to-invest-in-smart-vcr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-PVRs.AdAge99-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PVRs.AdAge99_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PVRs.AdAge99_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobi_ElkinHillary_Chura2000" class="citation news cs1">Tobi Elkin; Hillary Chura (September 18, 2000). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://adage.com/article/news/pvrs-revolutionizing-tv-ad-buys/56955">"PVRs revolutionizing TV ad buys"</a></span>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Advertising_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising Age">Advertising Age</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20240403234228/https://adage.com/article/news/pvrs-revolutionizing-tv-ad-buys/56955">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advertising+Age&rft.atitle=PVRs+revolutionizing+TV+ad+buys&rft.date=2000-09-18&rft.au=Tobi+Elkin&rft.au=Hillary+Chura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadage.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fpvrs-revolutionizing-tv-ad-buys%2F56955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaub2003" class="citation news cs1">Taub, Eric A. (2003-07-21). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/21/business/technology-replaytv-s-new-owners-drop-features-that-riled-hollywood.html">"ReplayTV's New Owners Drop Features That Riled Hollywood"</a></span>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929135551/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/21/business/technology-replaytv-s-new-owners-drop-features-that-riled-hollywood.html?pagewanted%3Dall">Archived</a> from the original on Sep 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ReplayTV%27s+New+Owners+Drop+Features+That+Riled+Hollywood&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.aulast=Taub&rft.aufirst=Eric+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F07%2F21%2Fbusiness%2Ftechnology-replaytv-s-new-owners-drop-features-that-riled-hollywood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502162623/http://info300.net/tzonts/Brief1.html">"Digital Video Recorders What are they and where they are going?"</a>. <i>Tom Zonts</i>. INFO 300. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://info300.net/tzonts/Brief1.html">the original</a> on 2014-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tom+Zonts&rft.atitle=Digital+Video+Recorders+What+are+they+and+where+they+are+going%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo300.net%2Ftzonts%2FBrief1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-microsoft.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-microsoft.com_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221221342/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/jan99/echostarpr.mspx">"WebTV Networks and EchoStar Communications Introduce First Internet TV Satellite Product and Service"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Forbes&rft.date=2001-06-11&rft.au=Stephen+Manes%2C+06.11.01%2C+12%3A00+AM+ET&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fforbes%2F2001%2F0611%2F146.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206004749/http://www.satelliteguys.us/655841-post51.html">"Judge Stops Countersuit against TiVo"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/skys-second-pvr-to-debut-by-march-2001/1201341.article">the original</a> on 2017-04-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sky%27s+second+PVR+to+debut+by+March+2001&rft.date=2000-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadcastnow.co.uk%2Fskys-second-pvr-to-debut-by-march-2001%2F1201341.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://seura.com/TF5000PVRt(ExceptAustralia)1.0.pdf">Manual of a PVR which can record 2 programs and watch a third if only 2 multiplexes used; see section 3.5.2: watching television while dual recording</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232641/http://seura.com/TF5000PVRt(ExceptAustralia)1.0.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-04-26 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 2014-04-25.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-WhyNewShows-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WhyNewShows_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WhyNewShows_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Battaglio, Stephen. "Why the New Shows Aren't Working" <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV_Guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a></i>; October 18, 2010; Pages 6–7</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322065924/http://reviews.cnet.com/2300-17742_7-10019233-19.html">"Most anticipated tech of 2014 (pictures)"</a>. <i>CNET</i>. CBS Interactive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://reviews.cnet.com/2300-17742_7-10019233-19.html">the original</a> on 2014-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Most+anticipated+tech+of+2014+%28pictures%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freviews.cnet.com%2F2300-17742_7-10019233-19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://wiki.xbmc.org/index.php?title%3DPVR">"The XBMC Live TV and PVR/DVR Setup Guide"</a>. <i>xbmc Media Centre</i>. 2013-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xbmc+Media+Centre&rft.atitle=The+XBMC+Live+TV+and+PVR%2FDVR+Setup+Guide&rft.date=2013-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.xbmc.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DPVR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.geektonic.com/2011/06/whats-next-for-sagetv-customers-post.html">"What's Next for SageTV Customers Post-Google?"</a>. GeekTonic. 2011-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+Next+for+SageTV+Customers+Post-Google%3F&rft.pub=GeekTonic&rft.date=2011-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geektonic.com%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhats-next-for-sagetv-customers-post.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Please note: Yahoo! Go for TV currently is only available inside the U.S., for Windows-based systems. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sites.mobile.yahoo.com/go/tv/download">Yahoo! Connected TV</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103191224/http://sites.mobile.yahoo.com/go/tv/download">Archived</a> 2009-01-03 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Yahoo! Connected TV</i>. Retrieved 09 December 2013</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.leadtek.com/eng/tv_tuner/news_detail.asp?newsid%3D611%26pronameid%3D382%26lineid%3D6">"turn your PC into a powerful DVD video recorder" … "recording and capturing digital video from digital TV", Media Release, October 1st, 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413223032/http://www.leadtek.com/eng/tv_tuner/news_detail.asp?newsid%3D611%26pronameid%3D382%26lineid%3D6">Archived</a> 2016-04-13 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Leadtek</i>. Retrieved 09 December 2013</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_8-windows_install/getting-windows-media-center-on-windows-8-bought/324dc94b-0750-44b0-8e78-08c59fd4130b">Getting Windows Media Center on Windows 8 bought through DreamSpark</a>. <i>Windows</i>. Retrieved 9 December 2013</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120718033009/http://support.tivo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/243">"Questions about copy protection – TiVo"</a>. Support.tivo.com. 2009-06-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://support.tivo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/243">the original</a> on 2012-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Questions+about+copy+protection+%E2%80%93+TiVo&rft.pub=Support.tivo.com&rft.date=2009-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.tivo.com%2Fapp%2Fanswers%2Fdetail%2Fa_id%2F243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923184508/http://differo.es/video/telememory.html">"Differo – Telememory"</a>. Differo.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.differo.es/video/telememory.html">the original</a> on 2011-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Differo+%E2%80%93+Telememory&rft.pub=Differo.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.differo.es%2Fvideo%2Ftelememory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, David: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cs.uml.edu/~dm/pubs/TiVo%2520report.htm">"TiVo's Data Collection and Privacy Practices."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928062056/http://www.cs.uml.edu/~dm/pubs/TiVo%2520report.htm">Archived</a> 2011-09-28 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 26 March 2001. Last Viewed 18 September 2007.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-lazarus-20151106-column.html">"Using TiVo? Your personal choices may be going straight to advertisers"</a>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digital+Video+Recorders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lauttamus.com%2FSecurity%2FProducts%2Fdvr.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+video+recorder" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_video_recorder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hometheaterhifi.com/volume_6_1/ces-1999-showreport.html">"1999 Consumer Electronics Show - Las Vegas"</a>. <i>hometheaterhifi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ebu.ch/CMSimages/en/tec_doc_t3314_tcm6-42262.pdf">Free-to-Air Television and other PVR Challenges in Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927230836/http://www.ebu.ch/CMSimages/en/tec_doc_t3314_tcm6-42262.pdf">Archived</a> 2006-09-27 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, technical report of the <a 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href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_video_recorder&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="GreenC bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731352312"> <span>Last edited on 11 November 2024, at 19:11</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584_%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2588_%25D8%25B1%25D9%2582%25D9%2585%25D9%258A" title="مسجل فيديو رقمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسجل فيديو رقمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C9%2599q%25C9%2599msal_videorekorder" title="Rəqəmsal videorekorder – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəqəmsal videorekorder" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2593_%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="ডিজিটাল ভিডিও রেকর্ডার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিজিটাল ভিডিও রেকর্ডার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enregistrador_digital_de_v%25C3%25ADdeo" title="Enregistrador digital de vídeo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enregistrador digital de vídeo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Video_Recorder" title="Personal Video Recorder – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Personal Video Recorder" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_videooptager" title="Digital videooptager – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Digital videooptager" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festplattenrekorder" title="Festplattenrekorder – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festplattenrekorder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabador_de_video_digital" title="Grabador de video digital – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grabador de video digital" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifereca_videoregistrilo" title="Cifereca videoregistrilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cifereca videoregistrilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587_%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B7_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584" title="دستگاه ضبط تصویر دیجیتال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه ضبط تصویر دیجیتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%25C3%25A9toscope_num%25C3%25A9rique" title="Magnétoscope numérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Magnétoscope numérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%2594%2594%25EC%25A7%2580%25ED%2584%25B8_%25EB%25B9%2584%25EB%2594%2594%25EC%2598%25A4_%25EB%25A0%2588%25EC%25BD%2594%25EB%258D%2594" title="디지털 비디오 레코더 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디지털 비디오 레코더" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perekam_video_digital" title="Perekam video digital – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perekam video digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoregistratore_digitale" title="Videoregistratore digitale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Videoregistratore digitale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%25A7%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2598_%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%2593%25D7%2590%25D7%2595_%25D7%2593%25D7%2599%25D7%2592%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%259C%25D7%2599" title="מקליט וידאו דיגיטלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקליט וידאו דיגיטלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitale_videorecorder" title="Digitale videorecorder – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Digitale videorecorder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%258F%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%2589%25E3%2583%2587%25E3%2582%25A3%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2582%25B3%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%2580%25E3%2583%25BC" title="ハードディスク・レコーダー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハードディスク・レコーダー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVR" title="PVR – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PVR" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_video_recorder" title="Personal video recorder – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Personal video recorder" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVR" title="DVR – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DVR" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVR" title="DVR – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="DVR" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Цифровой видеорекордер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цифровой видеорекордер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_regjistruesi_dixhital" title="Video regjistruesi dixhital – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Video regjistruesi dixhital" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVR" title="DVR – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="DVR" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitaalinen_mediatallennin" title="Digitaalinen mediatallennin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Digitaalinen mediatallennin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Video_Recorder" title="Personal Video Recorder – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Personal Video Recorder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijital_Kay%25C4%25B1t_Cihaz%25C4%25B1" title="Dijital Kayıt Cihazı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dijital Kayıt Cihazı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2594%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Відеореєстратор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відеореєстратор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25D9%25B9%25D9%2584_%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25DA%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2588_%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DA%2588%25D8%25B1" title="ڈیجیٹل ویڈیو ریکارڈر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیجیٹل ویڈیو ریکارڈر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2595%25B0%25E5%25AD%2597%25E8%25A7%2586%25E9%25A2%2591%25E5%25BD%2595%25E5%2583%258F%25E6%259C%25BA" title="数字视频录像机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="数字视频录像机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 19:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a 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