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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Crusades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_(1099–1291)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_(1099–1291)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_(1099–1291)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franciscan_Custody_of_the_Holy_Land_(1291–1489)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franciscan_Custody_of_the_Holy_Land_(1291–1489)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land (1291–1489)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franciscan_Custody_of_the_Holy_Land_(1291–1489)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Franciscan_Grand_Magistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franciscan_Grand_Magistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Franciscan Grand Magistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franciscan_Grand_Magistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papal_Grand_Magistry_(1496–1847)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papal_Grand_Magistry_(1496–1847)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Papal Grand Magistry (1496–1847)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papal_Grand_Magistry_(1496–1847)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_of_the_Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem_(1847)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_of_the_Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem_(1847)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (1847)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_of_the_Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem_(1847)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection_of_the_Holy_See_(from_1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_of_the_Holy_See_(from_1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Protection of the Holy See (from 1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection_of_the_Holy_See_(from_1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purpose_and_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose_and_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Purpose and activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose_and_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grand_Masters_and_Grand_Magisterium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_Masters_and_Grand_Magisterium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Grand Masters and Grand Magisterium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_Masters_and_Grand_Magisterium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Headquarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Insignia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Insignia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Insignia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vestments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vestments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vestments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vestments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Canons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saints_and_beatified_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saints_and_beatified_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Saints and beatified members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saints_and_beatified_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and distinctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="وسام القبر المقدس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وسام القبر المقدس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_d%27o_Santo_Sepulcre" title="Orden d'o Santo Sepulcre – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orden d'o Santo Sepulcre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83_%D1%9E_%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Рыцарскі Ордэн Святога Гробу ў Іерусаліме – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рыцарскі Ордэн Святога Гробу ў Іерусаліме" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC)" title="Орден на Светия гроб Господен (католицизъм) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орден на Светия гроб Господен (католицизъм)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_del_Sant_Sepulcre_de_Jerusalem" title="Orde del Sant Sepulcre de Jerusalem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde del Sant Sepulcre de Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryt%C3%AD%C5%99sk%C3%BD_%C5%99%C3%A1d_Bo%C5%BE%C3%ADho_hrobu_jeruzal%C3%A9msk%C3%A9ho" title="Rytířský řád Božího hrobu jeruzalémského – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rytířský řád Božího hrobu jeruzalémského" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritterorden_vom_Heiligen_Grab_zu_Jerusalem" title="Ritterorden vom Heiligen Grab zu Jerusalem – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ritterorden vom Heiligen Grab zu Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τάγμα του Παναγίου Τάφου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάγμα του Παναγίου Τάφου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_del_Santo_Sepulcro_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Orden del Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden del Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavalira_Ordeno_de_la_Sankta_Tombo_en_Jerusalemo" title="Kavalira Ordeno de la Sankta Tombo en Jerusalemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kavalira Ordeno de la Sankta Tombo en Jerusalemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemgo_Hilobi_Santuaren_Zaldun_Ordena" title="Jerusalemgo Hilobi Santuaren Zaldun Ordena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerusalemgo Hilobi Santuaren Zaldun Ordena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="فرقه مزار مقدس اورشلیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرقه مزار مقدس اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_%C3%A9questre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Ordre équestre du Saint-Sépulcre de Jérusalem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre équestre du Saint-Sépulcre de Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Svetoga_Groba_u_Jeruzalemu" title="Red Svetoga Groba u Jeruzalemu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Red Svetoga Groba u Jeruzalemu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Makam_Kudus" title="Ordo Makam Kudus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ordo Makam Kudus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_equestre_del_Santo_Sepolcro_di_Gerusalemme" title="Ordine equestre del Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine equestre del Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_S%C3%ADr_Lovagrend" title="Szent Sír Lovagrend – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Sír Lovagrend" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_van_het_Heilig_Graf_van_Jeruzalem_(internationaal)" title="Orde van het Heilig Graf van Jeruzalem (internationaal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orde van het Heilig Graf van Jeruzalem (internationaal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridderordenen_av_den_hellige_grav_i_Jerusalem" title="Ridderordenen av den hellige grav i Jerusalem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ridderordenen av den hellige grav i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Catholic order of knighthood</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the order of chivalry of the Holy See. For the canons regular, see <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="la">Ordo Equestris Sancti Sepulcri Hierosolymitani</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GA_Ordre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GA_Ordre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg/220px-GA_Ordre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GA_Ordre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg/330px-GA_Ordre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GA_Ordre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg/440px-GA_Ordre_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="1159" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">OESSH</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1099<span class="noprint">; 926 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1099</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Order of chivalry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Support the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Holy_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Holy Land">Christian presence in the Holy Land</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Della_Rovere" title="Palazzo Della Rovere">Palazzo Della Rovere</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></span>, <span class="country-name">Italy</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data">30,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Sovereign</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand Master</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Filoni" title="Fernando Filoni">Fernando Cardinal Filoni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prior" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prior">Grand Prior</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierbattista_Pizzaballa" title="Pierbattista Pizzaballa">Pierbattista Pizzaballa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Assessor</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Caputo" title="Tommaso Caputo">Tommaso Caputo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Council Complete of State</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custody of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Award(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Knight/Dame of the Collar</li> <li>Knight/Dame Grand Cross (KGCHS/DGCHS)</li> <li>Knight/Dame Commander with Star (KC*HS/DC*HS)</li> <li>Knight/Dame Commander (KCHS/DCHS)</li> <li>Knight/Dame (KHS/DHS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oessh.va">www<wbr />.oessh<wbr />.va</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Milites Sancti Sepulcri</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li>Sacred and <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military order (society)">Military Order</a> of the Holy Sepulchre</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Ordo Equestris Sancti Sepulcri Hierosolymitani</i>, <b>OESSH</b>), also called the <b>Order of the Holy Sepulchre</b> or <b>Knights of the Holy Sepulchre</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of knighthood">order of knighthood</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">protection</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> of the order. The order creates canons as well as knights, with the primary mission to "support the Christian presence in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-vatican.va_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatican.va-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an internationally recognised order of chivalry. The order today is estimated to have some 30,000 knights and dames in 60 lieutenancies around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Cardinal Grand Master</a> has been <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Filoni" title="Fernando Filoni">Fernando Filoni</a> since 2019, and the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</a> is <i>ex officio</i> the Order's <a href="/wiki/Grand_prior" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand prior">Grand Prior</a>. Its headquarters are situated at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Della_Rovere" title="Palazzo Della Rovere">Palazzo Della Rovere</a> and its official church in <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Onofrio,_Rome" title="Sant'Onofrio, Rome">Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, close to <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_website_page_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, Pope <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> as the order's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> under the title "<a href="/wiki/Deir_Rafat" title="Deir Rafat">Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen of Palestine</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChurchOfTheHolySepulcher1885.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/ChurchOfTheHolySepulcher1885.png/220px-ChurchOfTheHolySepulcher1885.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/ChurchOfTheHolySepulcher1885.png/330px-ChurchOfTheHolySepulcher1885.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/ChurchOfTheHolySepulcher1885.png/440px-ChurchOfTheHolySepulcher1885.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> (1885). Other than some restoration work, its appearance has essentially not changed since 1854.</figcaption></figure> <p>The name of the knights and order varied over the centuries, including <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Milites Sancti Sepulcri</i></span> and <i>The Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre</i>. The current name was determined on 27 July 1931 as the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (with <i>of Jerusalem</i> as honorary <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_Ceremonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Congregation of Ceremonies">Sacred Congregation of Ceremonies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. The term <i>equestrian</i> in this context is consistent with its use for orders of knighthood of the Holy See, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">chivalric and knightly nature of order</a>—by sovereign <a href="/wiki/Prerogative" title="Prerogative">prerogative</a> conferring <a href="/wiki/Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighthood</a> on recipients—derived from the equestrians (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Equites" title="Equites">equites</a></i>), a <a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_ancient_Rome" title="Social class in ancient Rome">social class in Ancient Rome</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canonesses_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Godfrey_of_Bouillon,_holding_a_pollaxe._(Manta_Castle,_Cuneo,_Italy).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Godfrey_of_Bouillon%2C_holding_a_pollaxe._%28Manta_Castle%2C_Cuneo%2C_Italy%29.jpg/220px-Godfrey_of_Bouillon%2C_holding_a_pollaxe._%28Manta_Castle%2C_Cuneo%2C_Italy%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Godfrey_of_Bouillon%2C_holding_a_pollaxe._%28Manta_Castle%2C_Cuneo%2C_Italy%29.jpg/330px-Godfrey_of_Bouillon%2C_holding_a_pollaxe._%28Manta_Castle%2C_Cuneo%2C_Italy%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Godfrey_of_Bouillon%2C_holding_a_pollaxe._%28Manta_Castle%2C_Cuneo%2C_Italy%29.jpg/440px-Godfrey_of_Bouillon%2C_holding_a_pollaxe._%28Manta_Castle%2C_Cuneo%2C_Italy%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>The Order of the Holy Sepulchre traces its roots to circa 1099 under the Frankish knight <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a> (1060–1100), "advocate of the Holy Sepulchre" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri</i>), leader of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> and first ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">Fresco</a> by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Jaquerio" title="Giacomo Jaquerio">Giacomo Jaquerio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saluzzo" title="Saluzzo">Saluzzo</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (circa 1420).</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem runs common and parallel to that of the religious <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, the order continuing after the Canons Regular ceased to exist at the end of the 15th century (except for their female counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/Canonesses_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pilgrimages to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> were a common, if hazardous, practice from shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a> of Jesus<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. Numerous detailed commentaries have survived as evidence of this early Christian devotion.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there were many places the pious visited during their travels, the one most cherished was the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, first constructed by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> in the 4th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the era of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic expansion">Islamic expansion</a>, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 742</span>–814) sent two embassies to the <a href="/wiki/Caliph_of_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph of Baghdad">caliph of Baghdad</a>, asking <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> protectorate over the Holy Land. An epic <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chanson_de_geste" title="Chanson de geste">chanson de geste</a></i></span> recounts his legendary adventures in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> and pilgrimage to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By virtue of its defining characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Subinfeudation" title="Subinfeudation">subinfeudation</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a> it was common practice for knights commanders to confer knighthoods upon their finest <a href="/wiki/Man-at-arms" title="Man-at-arms">soldiers</a>, who in turn had the right to confer knighthood on others upon attaining command.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tradition maintains, that long before the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighthood</a> was bestowed upon worthy men at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>. In any case, during the 11th century, prior to the Crusades, the "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Milites Sancti Petri</i></span>" were established to protect Christians and Christian premises in <a href="/wiki/The_Occident" class="mw-redirect" title="The Occident">the Occident</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution of Christians</a> in the Holy Land intensified and relations with Christian rulers were further strained when Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a> ordered the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre">destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in 1009.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusades">Crusades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crusades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_Auguste_arrivant_en_Palestine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Philippe_Auguste_arrivant_en_Palestine.jpg/290px-Philippe_Auguste_arrivant_en_Palestine.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Philippe_Auguste_arrivant_en_Palestine.jpg/435px-Philippe_Auguste_arrivant_en_Palestine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Philippe_Auguste_arrivant_en_Palestine.jpg/580px-Philippe_Auguste_arrivant_en_Palestine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a miniature of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II of France</a> arriving in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></div> <p>The crusades coincided with a renewed concern in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> for the holy places, with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre as one of the most important places. According to an undocumented tradition, Girolamo Gabrielli of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Gabrielli_(Gabrielli_di_Gubbio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabrielli (Gabrielli di Gubbio)">Gabrielli family</a>, who was the leader of 1000 knights from <a href="/wiki/Gubbio" title="Gubbio">Gubbio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>, was the first crusader to enter the Church of the Holy Sepulchre after Jerusalem was seized in 1099.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_(1099–1291)"><span id="Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_.281099.E2.80.931291.29"></span>Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BnF_ms._854_fol._191_-_Tomier_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BnF_ms._854_fol._191_-_Tomier_%281%29.jpg/220px-BnF_ms._854_fol._191_-_Tomier_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BnF_ms._854_fol._191_-_Tomier_%281%29.jpg/330px-BnF_ms._854_fol._191_-_Tomier_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BnF_ms._854_fol._191_-_Tomier_%281%29.jpg/440px-BnF_ms._854_fol._191_-_Tomier_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="1179" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Vida</i> (text in red) of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadours</a> <a href="/wiki/Tomier_and_Palaizi" title="Tomier and Palaizi">Tomier and Palaizi</a>, who exclusively advocated defence of the Holy Sepulchre, consequently—in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Lanfranc_Cigala" title="Lanfranc Cigala">Lanfranc Cigala</a>—criticising the <a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusades" class="mw-redirect" title="Albigensian Crusades">Albigensian Crusades</a> as distractions, even to the point of resulting in marks of <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">capture of Jerusalem</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> in 1099, the <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a> were established to take care of the church. The men in charge of securing its defence and its community of canons were called <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Milites Sancti Sepulcri</i></span></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, the canons and the milites formed part of the structure of which evolved into the modern Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">king of Jerusalem</a>, laid the foundations of the kingdom and established its main institutions on the French pattern as a centralised feudal state. He also drew up the first constitution of the order in 1103, modelled on the chapter of canons that he founded in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> prior to his departure, under which the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</a> (who had supplanted the Greek Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">patriarch</a>) appointed knights in Jerusalem at the direct service of the crown, similar to the organisation of <a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">third orders</a>. Adopting the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Rule of Saint Augustine">rule of Saint Augustine</a>, with recognition in 1113 by <a href="/wiki/Papal_Bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Bull">Papal Bull</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a>, with the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Milites Sancti Sepulcri</i></span> attached, it is considered among the oldest of the chivalric orders.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vatican.va_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatican.va-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indications suggest that <a href="/wiki/Hugues_de_Payens" title="Hugues de Payens">Hugues de Payens</a> (c. 1070–1136) was among the Milites Sancti Sepulcri during his second time in Jerusalem in 1114–16, before being appointed "Magister Militum Templi", establishing the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1119</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1125</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_(prior)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard (prior) (page does not exist)">Gerard</a> (Latin: <i lang="la">Girardus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a> of the Holy Sepulchre, along with <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Warmund_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Warmund of Jerusalem">Patriarch Warmund of Jerusalem</a>, wrote a significant letter to <a href="/wiki/Diego_Gelm%C3%ADrez" title="Diego Gelmírez">Diego Gelmírez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela">Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela</a> citing crop failures and being threatened by their enemies; they requested food, money, and military aid in order to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerard consequently participated among others in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Nablus" title="Council of Nablus">Council of Nablus</a>, 16 January 1120. In it, Canons 20–21 deal with clerics. Canon 20 says a cleric should not be held guilty if he takes up arms in self-defense, but he cannot take up arms for any other reason nor can he act like a knight. This was an important concern for the crusader states; clerics were generally forbidden from participating in warfare in European law, but the crusaders needed all the manpower they could find and, only one year before, <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> had been defended by the <a href="/wiki/Latin_patriarch_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin patriarch of Antioch">Latin patriarch of Antioch</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ager_Sanguinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ager Sanguinis">Battle of Ager Sanguinis</a>, one of the calamities referred to in the introduction to the canons. Canon 21 says that a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Canon_regular" title="Canon regular">canon regular</a> who <a href="/wiki/Apostatize" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostatize">apostatizes</a> should either return to his order or go into exile. </p><p>In 1121, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_II" title="Pope Callixtus II">Pope Callixtus II</a> issued a bull formally erecting the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre with specific responsibilities to defend the <a href="/wiki/Church_Universal" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Universal">Church Universal</a>, protect the City of Jerusalem, guard the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre and pilgrims, and fight in the defence of Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In total, as a result of these military needs, five major <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">chivalric communities</a> were established in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> between the late 11th century and the early 12th century: the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> (Order of Saint John) (circa 1099), the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre (circa 1099), the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> (circa 1118), the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Saint_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights of Saint Lazarus">Knights of Saint Lazarus</a> (1123), and the Knights of the Hospital of Saint Mary of Jerusalem (<a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>) (1190).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, </p> <ul><li>the Order of <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> no longer exists (other than its successor in Portugal – the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Christ" title="Military Order of Christ">Order of Christ</a>),</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a> is recognised as the successor to the medieval Order of Saint Lazarus,</li> <li>the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a> is a purely religious order of the Catholic Church,</li> <li>but both the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Malta">Order of Malta</a> and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre continue as chivalric orders recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>.</li></ul> <p>The <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Pactum_Warmundi" title="Pactum Warmundi">Pactum Warmundi</a></i></span>, establishing in 1123 an alliance of the Kingdom of Jerusalem with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>, was later signed by Patriarch Warmund and Prior Gerard of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a>, along with Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ehremar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehremar">Ehremar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_in_Palaestina_(diocese)" title="Caesarea in Palaestina (diocese)">Caesarea</a>, Bishop Bernard of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archbishopric_of_Nazareth" title="Roman Catholic Archbishopric of Nazareth">Nazareth</a>, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Aschetinus" title="Aschetinus">Aschetinus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bethlehem_in_the_Holy_Land" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem in the Holy Land">Bethlehem</a>, Bishop Roger of <a href="/wiki/Lydda_(titular_see)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydda (titular see)">Bishop of Lydda</a>, Guildin the <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a> of St. Mary of <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Josaphat" title="Valley of Josaphat">Josaphat</a>, Prior Aicard of the <a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a>, Prior Arnold of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a>, William Buris, and Chancellor Pagan. Aside from William and Pagan, no secular authorities witnessed the treaty, perhaps indicating that the allied Venetians considered Jerusalem a papal <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, beyond the Holy Land, in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military order (society)">military orders</a> built their own monasteries which also served as fortresses of defence, though otherwise the houses followed monastic premises. A typical example of this type of monastery is the <a href="/wiki/Calatrava_la_Nueva" title="Calatrava la Nueva">Calatrava la Nueva</a>, headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Calatrava" title="Order of Calatrava">Order of Calatrava</a>, founded by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbot_of_Fitero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbot of Fitero (page does not exist)">Abbot of Fitero</a>, Raymond, at the behest of King <a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Castile" title="Sancho III of Castile">Sancho III of Castile</a>, to protect the area restored to the <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> rulers. Other orders such as the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">Order of Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Templars" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Templars">Knight Templars</a> and the Holy Sepulchre devoted much of their efforts to protect and care for pilgrims on the <a href="/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago">Camino de Santiago</a>. Furthermore, at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bayonne_(1130%E2%80%9331)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bayonne (1130–31)">Siege of Bayonne</a> in October 1131, three years before his death, King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_I_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso I of Aragon">Alfonso I of Aragon</a>, having no children, bequeathed his kingdom to three autonomous religious orders based in the Holy Land and politically largely independent – the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templars" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights Templars">Knights Templars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitallers" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights Hospitallers">Knights Hospitallers</a> and the Knights of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a> – whose influences might have been expected to cancel one another out. The will has greatly puzzled historians, who have read it as a bizarre gesture of extreme piety uncharacteristic of Alfonso that effectively undid his life's work. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elena_Lourie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elena Lourie (page does not exist)">Elena Lourie</a> (1975) suggested instead that it was Alfonso's attempt to neutralize the papacy's interest in a disputed succession – Aragon had been a fief of the Papacy since 1068 – and to fend off his stepson, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VII of Castile">Alfonso VII of Castile</a>, for the Papacy would be bound to press the terms of such a pious testament.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 15 July 1149 in the Holy Land, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> was <a href="/wiki/Consecrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecrated">consecrated</a> after reconstruction. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aedicule_which_supposedly_encloses_the_tomb_of_Jesus-LR1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aedicule_which_supposedly_encloses_the_tomb_of_Jesus-LR1.jpg/220px-Aedicule_which_supposedly_encloses_the_tomb_of_Jesus-LR1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aedicule_which_supposedly_encloses_the_tomb_of_Jesus-LR1.jpg/330px-Aedicule_which_supposedly_encloses_the_tomb_of_Jesus-LR1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aedicule_which_supposedly_encloses_the_tomb_of_Jesus-LR1.jpg/440px-Aedicule_which_supposedly_encloses_the_tomb_of_Jesus-LR1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Aedicule" class="mw-redirect" title="Aedicule">Aedicule</a> inside the church, said to enclose the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Crusade <a href="/wiki/Vows" class="mw-redirect" title="Vows">vows</a> meant that even if a person wasn't able to make the journey to <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a> himself, sometimes his <a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">cloak</a> was taken there, as was the case with King <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King" title="Henry the Young King">Henry the Young</a> of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (1155–1183). <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_Lord_of_Douglas" title="James Douglas, Lord of Douglas">James Douglas, Lord of Douglas</a> even asked to have their <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">hearts</a> taken to the Holy Sepulchre after death. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I will that as soone as I am trespassed out of this worlde that ye take my harte owte of my body, and embawme it, and take of my treasoure as ye shall thynke sufficient for that enterprise, both for your selfe and suche company as ye wyll take with you, and present my hart to the holy Sepulchre where as our Lorde laye, seyng my body can nat come there.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Besides <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrimages">pilgrimages</a> and the creation of <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a>, even <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronations</a> took place at the Holy Sepulchre. Shortly before his death in 1185, <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin IV">Baldwin IV</a> ordered a formal crown-wearing by his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin V">Baldwin V</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>. </p><p>The official arrival of the Franciscan <a href="/wiki/Friars_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Friars Minor">Friars Minor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> dates from the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> addressed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> to the clergy of the Holy Land in 1230, charging them to welcome the Friars Minor, and to allow them to preach to the faithful and hold <a href="/wiki/Oratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Oratories">oratories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cemeteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Cemeteries">cemeteries</a> of their own. In the ten years' truce of 1229 concluded between King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick of Sicily</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">Al-Kamil</a>, the Franciscans were permitted to enter Jerusalem, but they were also the first victims of the violent invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Khwarezmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarezmia">Khwarezmians</a> in 1244. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franciscan_Custody_of_the_Holy_Land_(1291–1489)"><span id="Franciscan_Custody_of_the_Holy_Land_.281291.E2.80.931489.29"></span>Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land (1291–1489)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land (1291–1489)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custody of the Holy Land</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholic_monks_in_Jerusalem_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Catholic_monks_in_Jerusalem_2006.jpg/220px-Catholic_monks_in_Jerusalem_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Catholic_monks_in_Jerusalem_2006.jpg/330px-Catholic_monks_in_Jerusalem_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Catholic_monks_in_Jerusalem_2006.jpg/440px-Catholic_monks_in_Jerusalem_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Friars" class="mw-redirect" title="Friars">friars</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">procession</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> (2006).</figcaption></figure> <p>The ultimate fall of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> to the Muslims in 1291 did not suspend pilgrimages to the tomb of Christ or the custom of receiving knighthood there, and when the <a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custody of the Holy Land</a> was entrusted to the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan Order">Franciscan Order</a> they continued this pious custom and gave the order its first <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster (order)">grand master</a> after the death of the last king of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The friars quickly resumed possession of their convent of Mount Zion at Jerusalem. The Turks tolerated the veneration paid to the tomb of Christ and derived revenue from the taxes levied upon pilgrims. In 1342, in his bull <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gratiam_agimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gratiam agimus">Gratiam agimus</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VI" title="Pope Clement VI">Pope Clement VI</a> officially committed the care of the Holy Land to the Franciscans;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only the restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem by <a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a> in 1847 superseded the Franciscans.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">code of conduct</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, conferring of knighthoods was pursued also at the Holy Sepulchre. From the period 1291 to 1847, the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_Mount_Sion" class="mw-redirect" title="Custodian of Mount Sion">Custodian of Mount Sion</a> was the only authority representing the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> in the Holy Land.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Documented from 1335, the Franciscan Custody enrolled applicants as Knights of the Holy Sepulchre in ceremonies frequently mentioned in the itineraries of pilgrims. Those pilgrims deemed worthy received the honour in a solemn ceremony of ancient chivalry. However, in the ceremonial of reception at the time, the role of the clergy was limited to the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Benedictio_militis" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictio militis">benedictio militis</a></i></span>, the dubbing with the sword being reserved to a professional knight, since the carrying of the sword was incompatible with the sacerdotal character, and reserved to previous knights. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:italic;text-align:left" lang="la" class="poem"> <p>Post misam feci duos milites nobiles supra selpulchram gladios accingendo et alia observando, quae in professione militaris ordinis fieri consueverunt. </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <p>After Mass, I made two [of my companions] noble knights of the Sepulchre by <a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">girding them with swords</a> and by observing those other things, which in the profession of the knightly order have been accustomed to be done.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Boldensele" title="Wilhelm von Boldensele">Wilhelm von Boldensele</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1285</span>–1338) </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:900-101_Eberhard_im_Bart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/900-101_Eberhard_im_Bart.jpg/170px-900-101_Eberhard_im_Bart.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/900-101_Eberhard_im_Bart.jpg/255px-900-101_Eberhard_im_Bart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/900-101_Eberhard_im_Bart.jpg/340px-900-101_Eberhard_im_Bart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="1731" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_I,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg">Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg</a> (1492). The <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke</a> chose a <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palm</a> as his personal symbol in commemoration of his <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in 1468 when he became a knight of the Holy Sepulchre.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1346, King <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_IV_of_Denmark" title="Valdemar IV of Denmark">Valdemar IV of Denmark</a> went on a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and was made a knight of the Holy Sepulchre. This increased the prestige of Valdemar, who had difficulty in effectively ruling over his kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> <a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a>, one of the future <a href="/wiki/Patron_saints_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron saints of Europe">patron saints of Europe</a>, made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1371–1373 along with her sons. The oldest, Karl, died prior in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, but <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birger_Ulfsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birger Ulfsson (page does not exist)">Birger Ulfsson</a> became a knight of the Holy Sepulchre, followed by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Montfort" title="Hugo von Montfort">Hugo von Montfort</a> (1395) and more to come. </p><p>Duke <a href="/wiki/Albert_IV_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert IV of Austria">Albert IV of Austria</a> was made a knight in 1400, followed by his brother <a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Duke of Austria">Ernest</a> (1414) and by the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric of Pomerania</a> (1420's) and later by <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor_Frederick_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III">Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III</a> (1436), accompanied by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_von_Ehingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg von Ehingen (page does not exist)">Georg von Ehingen</a> and numerous other knighted nobles; later were Count <a href="/wiki/Otto_II_of_Mosbach-Neumarkt" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto II of Mosbach-Neumarkt">Otto II of Mosbach-Neumarkt</a> (1460), Landgrave <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Thuringia" class="mw-redirect" title="William III of Thuringia">William III of Thuringia</a> (1461) and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Reu%C3%9F_von_Plauen" title="Heinrich Reuß von Plauen">Heinrich Reuß von Plauen</a> (1461) who was also grand master of the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Innenraum_der_Jerusalemkirche_(Br%C3%BCgge).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Innenraum_der_Jerusalemkirche_%28Br%C3%BCgge%29.jpg/220px-Innenraum_der_Jerusalemkirche_%28Br%C3%BCgge%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Innenraum_der_Jerusalemkirche_%28Br%C3%BCgge%29.jpg/330px-Innenraum_der_Jerusalemkirche_%28Br%C3%BCgge%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Innenraum_der_Jerusalemkirche_%28Br%C3%BCgge%29.jpg/440px-Innenraum_der_Jerusalemkirche_%28Br%C3%BCgge%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the 15th-century Jeruzalemkerk (Bruges), 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>The significance of the pilgrimages is indicated by various commemorations of the knights. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_of_G%C3%B6rlitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Görlitz (page does not exist)">Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Görlitz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> was built by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Emmerich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Emmerich (page does not exist)">Georg Emmerich</a>, who was knighted in 1465. Of the medieval Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, notably, Emmerich, although a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> and a wealthy merchant, was neither a monarch nor a nobleman. <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_I,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg">Eberhard I of Württemberg</a>, knighted together with <a href="/wiki/Christoph_I_of_Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christoph I of Baden">Christoph I of Baden</a> in 1468, chose a <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palm</a> as his personal symbol, including in the <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crest (heraldry)</a> of his <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>. Others built church buildings in their hometowns, such as the chapel in <a href="/wiki/Pratteln" title="Pratteln">Pratteln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bernhard_von_Eptingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Bernhard von Eptingen (page does not exist)">Hans Bernhard von Eptingen</a> (knighted 1460),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jeruzalemkerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeruzalemkerk">Jeruzalemkerk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, Belgium, built by <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Adornes" title="Anselm Adornes">Anselm Adornes</a> (knighted 1470). The latter still stands to this day, modelled on the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and today adorned with the heraldry of the order. </p><p>Some property of the Knights in Italy was transferred to the newly established <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Our_Lady_of_Bethlehem" title="Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem">Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem</a> in 1459, but the merger proved a failure.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem was suppressed almost as soon as it was founded and those orders whose goods the pope had transmitted to it were re-established.<sup id="cite_ref-Besse_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Besse-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">accolades</a> continued: Counts <a href="/wiki/Enno_I_of_East_Frisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Enno I of East Frisia">Enno I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edzard_I_of_East_Frisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Edzard I of East Frisia">Edzard I of East Frisia</a> (1489), followed by Elector <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick III of Saxony">Frederick III of Saxony</a> (1493) who was also recipient of the papal honour of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rose" title="Golden Rose">Golden Rose</a>, together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christoph_the_Strong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christoph the Strong (page does not exist)">Christoph the Strong of Bavaria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Legnica" title="Frederick II of Legnica">Frederick II of Legnica</a> (1507),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Franciscan_Grand_Magistry">Franciscan Grand Magistry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Franciscan Grand Magistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1480 to 1495, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Prussia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John of Prussia (page does not exist)">John of Prussia</a>, a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre, acted as <a href="/wiki/Steward_(office)" title="Steward (office)">Steward</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">Convent</a> and regularly discharged the act of <a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">accolade</a>. It was a frequent occurrence that a foreign Knight present among the crowds of pilgrims would assist at this ceremony. However, without other assistance, it was the Superior who had to act instead of a Knight, although such a course was deemed irregular. Around this time, the Superior of the Convent assumed the title of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a> of the Knights, a title acknowledged by various pontifical diplomas. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a> were suppressed in 1489, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VIII" title="Pope Innocent VIII">Pope Innocent VIII</a> attempted to merge the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre into the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a>, but this was not successful. The Franciscan province of the Holy Land continued to exist, with <a href="/wiki/Acre_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre (city)">Acre</a> as its seat. In the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a>, reinstituted in 1847, the Franciscans still have 24 convents, and 15 parishes.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papal_Grand_Magistry_(1496–1847)"><span id="Papal_Grand_Magistry_.281496.E2.80.931847.29"></span>Papal Grand Magistry (1496–1847)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Papal Grand Magistry (1496–1847)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Pope_Alexander_VI_Borgia_(Vatican_Museums_-_Musei_Vaticani,_Vatican).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Portrait_of_Pope_Alexander_VI_Borgia_%28Vatican_Museums_-_Musei_Vaticani%2C_Vatican%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Pope_Alexander_VI_Borgia_%28Vatican_Museums_-_Musei_Vaticani%2C_Vatican%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Portrait_of_Pope_Alexander_VI_Borgia_%28Vatican_Museums_-_Musei_Vaticani%2C_Vatican%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Pope_Alexander_VI_Borgia_%28Vatican_Museums_-_Musei_Vaticani%2C_Vatican%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Portrait_of_Pope_Alexander_VI_Borgia_%28Vatican_Museums_-_Musei_Vaticani%2C_Vatican%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Pope_Alexander_VI_Borgia_%28Vatican_Museums_-_Musei_Vaticani%2C_Vatican%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3005" data-file-height="4202" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> restored the Order of Holy Sepulchre to independent status in 1496, and reserved its title of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a> for himself and his successors.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1496, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> restored the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre to independent status, organised as an Order. He decreed that the Knights would no longer be governed by the Custody of the Holy Land, but that the senior post of the Order would henceforth be raised to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a>, reserving this title for himself and his successors.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prerogative" title="Prerogative">prerogative</a> of dubbing Knights of the Holy Sepulchre was repeatedly confirmed by the Holy See; by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a> on 4 May 1515, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> in 1527 and by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a> on 1 August 1561. </p><p>The privileges of the order, recorded by its guardian in 1553 and approved by successive popes, included powers to:<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Legitimise bastards</li> <li>Change a name given in baptism</li> <li>Pardon prisoners they might meet on the way to the <a href="/wiki/Gallows" title="Gallows">scaffold</a></li> <li>Possess goods belonging to the Church even though they were <a href="/wiki/Laymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Laymen">laymen</a></li> <li>Be exempt from taxes</li> <li>Cut a man down from the <a href="/wiki/Gallows" title="Gallows">gallows</a> and to order him to be given a Christian burial</li> <li>Wear brocaded silk garments</li> <li>Enter a church on horseback</li> <li>Fight against the <a href="/wiki/Infidel" title="Infidel">infidel</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins,_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_(by_Raphael).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2538" data-file-height="3360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a> with his <a href="/wiki/Cardinal-cousin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal-cousin">Cardinal-cousin</a> Giulio de' Medici (left), future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a>, in painting by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> (1519). Both endorsed the dubbing of knights.</figcaption></figure> <p>In France, King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> purchased its French possessions and incorporated them into his newly established <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a>, formally established by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a> through the bull <i>Romanus Pontificus</i> on 16 February 1608 and expanded through <i>Militantium ordinum</i> dated 26 February 1608, along with possessions of other orders which apparently were all deemed extinct and abolished, indicating reduced regional activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlisle_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlisle-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, the dubbing and the privileges enjoyed continued confirmation, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> on 3 August 1665, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIII" title="Pope Benedict XIII">Pope Benedict XIII</a> on 3 March 1727,<sup id="cite_ref-schulze_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schulze-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by Pope <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XIV">Benedict XIV</a> (1675–1758) who approved all but the last of the privileges of the order, and also stated that it should enjoy precedence over all orders except the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a> and the Pontifical Orders. </p><p>Knights of the Holy Sepulchre dubbed during this era include <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_von_Dorne_(Stadthauptmann)" class="extiw" title="de:Hieronymus von Dorne (Stadthauptmann)">Hieronymus von Dorne</a> (circa 1634) and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a> (1806). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_of_the_Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem_(1847)"><span id="Restoration_of_the_Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem_.281847.29"></span>Restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (1847)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (1847)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a> re-established the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a> in 1847, and re-organized the Order of the Holy Sepulchre as the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Milites Sancti Sepulcri</i></span>, whereby the grand master of the order was to be the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, and the order ceased to be a pontifical order for a period. Initially, the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> opposed the decision and claimed rights to its legacy, probably based on the papal decision of 1489. However, in 1868 it was named <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Equestris Ordo Sancti Sepulcri Hierosolymitani</i></span> (Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem). </p><p>Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius X">Pius X</a> assumed the title of grand master for the papacy again in 1907, but in 1928 this was again relinquished by Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XI">Pius XI</a> in favour of the patriarch of Jerusalem, and for a time the order again ceased to be a papal order. </p><p>In 1932, <a href="/wiki/Pius_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XI">Pius XI</a> approved a new constitution and permitted investiture in the places of origin and not only in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-oesshWEB_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oesshWEB-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection_of_the_Holy_See_(from_1945)"><span id="Protection_of_the_Holy_See_.28from_1945.29"></span>Protection of the Holy See (from 1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Protection of the Holy See (from 1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></div> <p>In 1945, Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a> placed the order again under the sovereignty, patronage and protection of the Holy See, and in 1949 he approved a new constitution for the order, which included that the grand master be a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>, and that the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem be the Grand Prior of the order. In 1962 the Constitution of the Order was again reformed and the order was recognized as a juridical person in canon law. </p><p>The current Constitution of the Order was approved by Pope <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul VI">Paul VI</a> in 1977, and it maintains those arrangements. The order's status was further enhanced by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in 1996, when, in addition to its canonical legal personality, it was given civil legal personality in Vatican City State, where it is headquartered. An amendment to the Constitution of the Order was approved by Pope John Paul II simultaneously with the concession of Vatican legal personality for the order.<sup id="cite_ref-vatican.va_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatican.va-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien.jpg/220px-Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien.jpg/330px-Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien.jpg/440px-Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien" title="Edwin Frederick O'Brien">Edwin Frederick O'Brien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a> of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre 2011–2019, during a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (2013).</figcaption></figure> <p>The order today remains an order of chivalry and is an association of the faithful with a legal canonical and public personality, constituted by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> under <a href="/wiki/Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon Law">Canon Law</a> 312, paragraph 1:1,<sup id="cite_ref-vatican.va_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatican.va-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> represented by 60 lieutenancies in more than 40 countries around the world: 24 in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, 15 in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, 5 in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and 6 in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is recognised internationally as a legitimate order of knighthood, headquartered in Vatican City State under papal sovereignty and having the protection of the Holy See. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purpose_and_activities">Purpose and activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Purpose and activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its principal mission is to reinforce the practice of Christian life by its members in absolute fidelity to the pope; to sustain and assist the religious, spiritual, charitable and social works and rights of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Holy_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in the Holy Land">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christians_in_the_Holy_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians in the Holy Land">Christians in the Holy Land</a>, particularly of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem which receives some 10 million <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollars</a> annually in donations from members of the order.<sup id="cite_ref-oessh.no_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oessh.no-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other activities around the world are connected to their original functions. </p><p>Regional activities include participation in local <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">processions</a> and religious ceremonies, such as during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> resulted in a ban on conserving <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">relics</a> and all other sacred symbols linked to the monarchy, though pieces judged to be of high artistic quality were exempt. These relics were handed over to the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Paris">archbishop of Paris</a> in 1804 and are still held in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral treasury">cathedral treasury</a> of <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame de Paris</a>, cared for by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre and the cathedral <a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">chapter</a>. On the first Friday of every month at 3:00<span class="nowrap"> </span>pm, guarded by the Knights, the <a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Sainte-Chapelle" title="Relics of Sainte-Chapelle">Relics of Sainte-Chapelle</a> are exposed for <a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a> and adoration by the faithful before the cathedral's <a href="/wiki/High_altar" class="mw-redirect" title="High altar">high altar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, this adoration lasts all day, punctuated by the liturgical offices. An exhibition entitled <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le trésor de la Sainte-Chapelle</i></span> was mounted at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> in 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_Masters_and_Grand_Magisterium">Grand Masters and Grand Magisterium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Grand Masters and Grand Magisterium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Masters_and_Lieutenancies_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Grand Masters and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Grand Masters and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borgo_-_palazzo_dei_Penitenzieri_1150682.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Borgo_-_palazzo_dei_Penitenzieri_1150682.JPG/220px-Borgo_-_palazzo_dei_Penitenzieri_1150682.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Borgo_-_palazzo_dei_Penitenzieri_1150682.JPG/330px-Borgo_-_palazzo_dei_Penitenzieri_1150682.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Borgo_-_palazzo_dei_Penitenzieri_1150682.JPG/440px-Borgo_-_palazzo_dei_Penitenzieri_1150682.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Della_Rovere" title="Palazzo Della Rovere">Palazzo Della Rovere</a>, the order's international headquarters where its Grand Magisterium is situated.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1496, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> vested the office of Grand Master in the papacy where it remained until 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_website_page_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1949, cardinals have held the office. The incumbent Cardinal Grand Master has been <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Filoni" title="Fernando Filoni">Fernando Filoni</a> since 2019. </p><p>The Grand Magisterium also includes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierbattista_Pizzaballa" title="Pierbattista Pizzaballa">Pierbattista Pizzaballa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Onofrio,_Rome" title="Sant'Onofrio, Rome">Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo</a>, Grand Prior of the Order<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Caputo" title="Tommaso Caputo">Tommaso Caputo</a>, Prelate of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Pompei" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Pompei">Territorial Prelature of Pompei</a>, Assessor of the Order<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Count Leonardo Visconti di Modrone, Governor General<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._Thomas_Pogge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. Thomas Pogge (page does not exist)">P. Thomas Pogge</a>, Vice-Governor General for North America<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Glutz-Ruchti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Glutz-Ruchti (page does not exist)">Jean-Pierre Glutz-Ruchti</a>, Vice-Governor General for Europe<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>John Secker, Vice-Governor General for Asia and the Pacific region<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Enric Mas, Vice-Governor General for Latin America<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bastianelli" title="Alfredo Bastianelli">Alfredo Bastianelli</a>, Chancellor of the Order</li> <li>Adriano Paccanelli, Master of Ceremonies of the Order<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Severio Petrillo, Treasurer of the Order<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Franco_(diplomat)" title="Antonio Franco (diplomat)">Antonio Franco</a>, Assessor of Honour<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Lazzarotto" title="Giuseppe Lazzarotto">Giuseppe Lazzarotto</a>, Assessor of Honour<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The offices of the Grand Magisterium are in the headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its headquarters are situated at the Palazzo Della Rovere in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, the 15th-century palace of Pope <a href="/wiki/Julius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius II">Julius II</a>, immediately adjacent to the Vatican on the <a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a>. It was given to the order by Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_website_page_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its official church is the <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Onofrio,_Rome" title="Sant'Onofrio, Rome">Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, also given to the order by Pius XII.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_website_page_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1307, after the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templars" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights Templars">Knights Templars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, whose main priory was at <a href="/wiki/San_Luca" title="San Luca">San Luca</a>, acquired the complex of <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Manno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Manno (page does not exist)">San Manno</a>. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_della_Rovere" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco della Rovere">Francesco della Rovere</a>, the future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>, was Arch-Prior there 1460–1471.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insignia">Insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/150px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/225px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/300px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Magistry_and_Lieutenancies_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Magistry and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Grand Magistry and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></div> <p>By ancient tradition, the order uses the arms attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> – a gold <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Cross">Jerusalem Cross</a> on a silver/white background – but enamelled with red, the colour of blood, to signify the five wounds of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior use of the symbol is in the 1573 Constitution of the Order. <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg" title="Conrad Grünenberg">Conrad Grünenberg</a> already shows a red Jerusalem cross (with the central cross as <a href="/wiki/Cross_crosslet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross crosslet">cross crosslet</a> rather than cross potent) as the emblem of the order in his 1486 travelogue. </p><p>Above the shield of the armorial bearings is a sovereign's gold helmet upon which are a crown of thorns and a terrestrial globe surmounted by a cross, flanked by two white standards bearing a red Jerusalem cross. The supporters are two angels wearing <a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">dalmatic</a> tunics of red, the one on the dexter bearing a crusader flag, and the one on the sinister bearing a pilgrim's staff and shell: representing the military/crusading and pilgrim natures of the order. </p><p>The motto is <i><a href="/wiki/Deus_lo_Vult" class="mw-redirect" title="Deus lo Vult">Deus lo Vult</a></i> ("God Wills It"). The seal of the order is in the shape of an almond and portrays, within a frame of a crown of thorns, a representation of Christ rising from the Sepulchre. </p><p>The Order of the Holy Sepulchre and the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> are the only two institutions whose insignia may be displayed in a clerical <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:60%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Heraldic" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic">Heraldic</a> representation in <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of members of the order </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Maitre_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grand_Maitre_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg/110px-Grand_Maitre_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grand_Maitre_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg/165px-Grand_Maitre_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grand_Maitre_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg/220px-Grand_Maitre_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b>Cardinal Grand Master</b><br />Arms are <a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">quartered</a> with those of the Order </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarches_grand-prieur_et_Assesseur.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patriarches_grand-prieur_et_Assesseur.svg/150px-Patriarches_grand-prieur_et_Assesseur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patriarches_grand-prieur_et_Assesseur.svg/225px-Patriarches_grand-prieur_et_Assesseur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patriarches_grand-prieur_et_Assesseur.svg/300px-Patriarches_grand-prieur_et_Assesseur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prior" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prior">Grand Prior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assessor_(law)" title="Assessor (law)">Assessor</a></b><br />bear a <a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">chief</a> of the Order </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Chevalier_de_Collier_et_Grand-Magist%C3%A8re.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Blason_Chevalier_de_Collier_et_Grand-Magist%C3%A8re.svg/150px-Blason_Chevalier_de_Collier_et_Grand-Magist%C3%A8re.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Blason_Chevalier_de_Collier_et_Grand-Magist%C3%A8re.svg/225px-Blason_Chevalier_de_Collier_et_Grand-Magist%C3%A8re.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Blason_Chevalier_de_Collier_et_Grand-Magist%C3%A8re.svg/300px-Blason_Chevalier_de_Collier_et_Grand-Magist%C3%A8re.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>Knights or Dames of the Collar, Lieutenants, Grand Magisterium, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prior" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prior">Grand Priors</a></b><br />Arms are <a href="/wiki/Impalement_(heraldry)" title="Impalement (heraldry)">impaled</a> by those of the Order </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_La%C3%AFcs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blason_La%C3%AFcs.svg/150px-Blason_La%C3%AFcs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blason_La%C3%AFcs.svg/225px-Blason_La%C3%AFcs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blason_La%C3%AFcs.svg/300px-Blason_La%C3%AFcs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Noble</a> (with title) <a href="/wiki/Lay_member" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay member">Lay members</a></b><br />Arms are placed on the cross of the Order (not transmissible) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vestments">Vestments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Vestments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grabesritter5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Grabesritter5.jpg/220px-Grabesritter5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Grabesritter5.jpg/330px-Grabesritter5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Grabesritter5.jpg/440px-Grabesritter5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2342" data-file-height="2591" /></a><figcaption>Members and <a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">regalia</a> during a ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">investiture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, in 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>The order has a predominantly white-coloured <a href="/wiki/Court_Uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Court Uniform">levée dress court uniform</a>, and a more modern, military-style uniform, both of which are now only occasionally used in some jurisdictions. Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius X">Pius X</a> ordained that the usual modern choir (i.e. church) dress of knights be the order's cape or mantle: a "white cloak with the <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Jerusalem">cross of Jerusalem</a> in red", as worn by the original knights.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Female members wear a black cape with a red Jerusalem cross bordered with gold. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Choir_dress" title="Choir dress">choir vestments</a> of Canons of the Holy Sepulchre include a black <a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a> with <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a> piping, magenta <a href="/wiki/Fascia_(sash)" title="Fascia (sash)">fascia</a>, and a white <a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozetta</a> with the red Jerusalem cross. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The order today is estimated to have some 30,000 knights and dames in 60 Lieutenancies around the world, including <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown princes</a> and their consorts, and <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">heads of state</a> from countries such as <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oessh.no_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oessh.no-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Membership of the order is by invitation only, to practicing Catholic men and women – laity and clergy – of good character, minimum 25 years of age,<sup id="cite_ref-oessh.no_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oessh.no-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who have distinguished themselves by concern for the Christians of the Holy Land. Aspirant members must be recommended by their local <a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> with the support of several members of the order, and are required to make a generous donation as a "<a href="/wiki/Passage_fee" title="Passage fee">passage fee</a>", echoing the ancient practice of crusaders paying their passage to the Holy Land, as well as an annual financial offering for works undertaken in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>, particularly in the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, throughout their life. There is a provision for the grand master to admit members by <i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a></i> in exceptional circumstances and also for the officers of the Grand Magistery to occasionally recommend candidates to the grand master.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The honour of <a href="/wiki/Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighthood</a> and any subsequent promotions are conferred by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> – through <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> sealed and signed by the assessor for general affairs of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> as well as the cardinal grand master – which approves each person, in the name of and by the authority of the pope. The candidate is then knighted or promoted in a solemn ceremony with a cardinal or major <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelate</a> presiding.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knights and dames of the order may not join, or attend the events of, any other order that is not recognised by the Holy See or by a sovereign state, and must renounce any membership in such organisations before being appointed a knight or dame of the Holy Sepulchre. Knights and dames may be expelled from the order in circumstances where they breach its <a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">code of conduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks">Ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several grades of knighthood. These are open to both men and women. While <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a> may be promoted to any rank, the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> are as follows: <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a> are knights <a href="/wiki/Grand_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand cross">grand cross</a>, bishops are <a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">commanders</a> with star, and priests and transitional deacons start with the rank of knight but may be promoted to commander. Permanent deacons are treated the same as the lay knights. Female members may wear chest ribbons rather than neck crosses, and the military trophies in insignia and heraldic additaments are replaced by bows. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:80%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Rank insignia (knights) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_OESSJ_(gentlemens).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_OESSJ_%28gentlemens%29.svg/750px-Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_OESSJ_%28gentlemens%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="750" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_OESSJ_%28gentlemens%29.svg/1125px-Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_OESSJ_%28gentlemens%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_OESSJ_%28gentlemens%29.svg/1500px-Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_OESSJ_%28gentlemens%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a> (Knights) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:15%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Chevalier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blason_Chevalier.svg/150px-Blason_Chevalier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blason_Chevalier.svg/225px-Blason_Chevalier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blason_Chevalier.svg/300px-Blason_Chevalier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:15%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Commandeur.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blason_Commandeur.svg/150px-Blason_Commandeur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blason_Commandeur.svg/225px-Blason_Commandeur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blason_Commandeur.svg/300px-Blason_Commandeur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:15%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Grand-Officier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Blason_Grand-Officier.svg/150px-Blason_Grand-Officier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Blason_Grand-Officier.svg/225px-Blason_Grand-Officier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Blason_Grand-Officier.svg/300px-Blason_Grand-Officier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:15%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Grand-Croix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_Grand-Croix.svg/150px-Blason_Grand-Croix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_Grand-Croix.svg/225px-Blason_Grand-Croix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_Grand-Croix.svg/300px-Blason_Grand-Croix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:15%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Chevalier_de_collier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Blason_Chevalier_de_collier.svg/150px-Blason_Chevalier_de_collier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Blason_Chevalier_de_collier.svg/225px-Blason_Chevalier_de_collier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Blason_Chevalier_de_collier.svg/300px-Blason_Chevalier_de_collier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><small>In the above depictions, the cross behind the shield should only be borne by <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishops</a>, bishops, prelates and those with a title of nobility.</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Ribbons by rank </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Knight / Dame</small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Commendatore_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/OESSG_Commendatore_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Commendatore_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/OESSG_Commendatore_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Knight / Dame Commander</small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Commendatore_con_Placca_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OESSG_Commendatore_con_Placca_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Commendatore_con_Placca_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/OESSG_Commendatore_con_Placca_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Knight / Dame Commander with Star</small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Knight / Dame Grand Cross</small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Collare_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Collare_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Collare_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Collare_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Knight / Dame of the Collar</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Below are shown the official titles of the ranks in English<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Italian, French, German, Spanish</i>):<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Knight / Dame of the Collar</b><br />(<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Cavaliere/Dama di Collare</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chevalier/Dame de Collier</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kollar-Ritter/-Dame</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Caballero/Dama de Collar</i></span>)</li> <li><b>Knight / Dame Grand Cross</b> (KGCHS / DGCHS)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Cavaliere/Dama di Gran Croce</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chevalier/Dame de Grand Croix</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Großkreuz-Ritter/-Dame</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Caballero/Dama de Gran Cruz</i></span>)</li> <li><b>Knight Commander with Star / Dame Commander with Star</b> (KC*HS / DC*HS) <br />(<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Grand'Ufficiale</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grand Officier</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Großoffizier</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Commendator Grand Oficiale</i></span>) <br />(<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Dama di Commenda con placca</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dame de Commande avec plaque</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Komtur-Dame mit Stern</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Dama de Encomenienda con Placa</i></span>)</li> <li><b>Knight / Dame Commander</b> (KCHS / DCHS)<br />(<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Commendatore</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Commandeur</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Komtur</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Comendator</i></span>)<br />(<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Dama di Commenda</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dame de Commande</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Komtur-Dame, Dama di Ecomendienda</i></span>)</li> <li><b>Knight / Dame</b> (KHS / DHS)<br />(<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Cavaliere/Dama</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chevalier/Dame</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ordensritter/Dame</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Caballero/Dama</i></span>)</li></ul> <p>In English, a female member of this order is sometimes called "<a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">lady</a>" in reaction to the US <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> use of the term "dame" to refer to any woman. However, in accordance with standard chivalric practice in English, female members are called "<a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">dame</a>" (from the Latin title <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Domina</i></span>, Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Dama</i></span>, etc.) and this is the usual practice in most lieutenancies.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canons">Canons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Canons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre</a></div> <p>In accordance with the origins of the order, and considered more consistent with ordained ministry than the military title of knight, <a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">invested</a> <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> are <i><a href="/wiki/Ipso_facto" title="Ipso facto">ipso facto</a></i> Titular Canons of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, though Grand Master <a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Foley" title="John Patrick Foley">John Patrick Foley</a> argued that this would be better applied to clergy with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Commander_(orders)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander (orders)">commander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, deacons, priests and bishops may also be given the distinguished honorary title of canon of the Holy Sepulchre personally by the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both titular canons of the Holy Sepulchre (EOHSJ) and Honorary Canons of the Holy Sepulchre of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem are entitled to identical insignia, i.e. white mozetta with red Jerusalem cross and choir dress including the black cassock with magenta piping and magenta fascia.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saints_and_beatified_members">Saints and beatified members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Saints and beatified members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blessed_Bartolo_Longo_at_Pompei.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Blessed_Bartolo_Longo_at_Pompei.jpeg/200px-Blessed_Bartolo_Longo_at_Pompei.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Blessed_Bartolo_Longo_at_Pompei.jpeg/300px-Blessed_Bartolo_Longo_at_Pompei.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Blessed_Bartolo_Longo_at_Pompei.jpeg/400px-Blessed_Bartolo_Longo_at_Pompei.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>The remains of <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a> <a href="/wiki/Bartolo_Longo" title="Bartolo Longo">Bartolo Longo</a> (1841–1926), inside the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Virgin_of_the_Rosary_of_Pompei" title="Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei">Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Contardo_of_Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Contardo of Este">Saint Contardo of Este</a> (1216 - 16 April 1249)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope St Pius X</a> (2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914)</li> <li>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Benedetto_Dusmet" title="Giuseppe Benedetto Dusmet">Giuseppe Benedetto Dusmet</a> (15 August 1818 – 4 April 1894)</li> <li>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Carlo_Ferrari" title="Andrea Carlo Ferrari">Andrea Carlo Ferrari</a> (13 August 1850 – 2 February 1921)</li> <li>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Ildefonso_Schuster" title="Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster">Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster</a> (18 January 1880 – 30 August 1954)</li> <li>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Bartolo_Longo" title="Bartolo Longo">Bartolo Longo</a><sup id="cite_ref-eohs_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eohs-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (10 February 1841 – 5 October 1926)</li> <li>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Viktor Stepinac</a> (8 May 1898 – 10 February 1960)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_distinctions">Awards and distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards and distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reserved to members, the <a href="/wiki/Palm_of_Jerusalem" title="Palm of Jerusalem">Palm of Jerusalem</a> is the decoration of distinction, in three classes. Additionally, knights and dames who made a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> receive the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrim_Shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilgrim Shell (page does not exist)">Pilgrim Shell</a>, a reference to the shells used as a cup by the pilgrims in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both of these distinctions were created in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-kuenkpalm_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuenkpalm-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are generally awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_prior" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand prior">grand prior</a> of the order, the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-kuenkpalm_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuenkpalm-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:60%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"><b>Awards of Special Distinction</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Conchiglia_del_Pellegrino_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Conchiglia_del_Pellegrino_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Conchiglia_del_Pellegrino_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Conchiglia_del_Pellegrino_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Pilgrim Shell</small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_di_Bronzo_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_di_Bronzo_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_di_Bronzo_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_di_Bronzo_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small><a href="/wiki/Palm_of_Jerusalem" title="Palm of Jerusalem">Palm of Jerusalem</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Argento_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Argento_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Argento_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Argento_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small><a href="/wiki/Palm_of_Jerusalem" title="Palm of Jerusalem">Palm of Jerusalem</a> of <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Oro_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Oro_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Oro_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/OESSG_Distinzione_Speciale_-_Palma_di_Gerusalemme_d%27Oro_BAR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small><a href="/wiki/Palm_of_Jerusalem" title="Palm of Jerusalem">Palm of Jerusalem</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since 1949, the Cross of Merit of the Order may also be conferred on meritorious non-members of the order, for example non-Catholics.<sup id="cite_ref-BvD156_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BvD156-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original five classes were reduced to three in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-BvD156_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BvD156-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obtaining the Cross of Merit does not imply membership of the Order.<sup id="cite_ref-BvD156_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BvD156-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:60%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b>Decorations of Merit</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg/225px-OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Cross of Merit</small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Argento_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Argento_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Argento_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Argento_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg/225px-OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Argento_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Argento_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Cross of Merit with Silver Star</small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Oro_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Oro_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg/150px-OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Oro_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Oro_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg/225px-OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Oro_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/OESSG_Decorazione_di_Merito_-_Croce_con_Placca_d%27Oro_al_Merito_del_SSG_BAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Cross of Merit with Gold Star</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although it shares the same symbol, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Pilgrim%27s_Cross" title="Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross">Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross</a> is not a decoration of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> created the award in 1901 but the Franciscan custodian of the Holy Land presents it to certain pilgrims in the name of the pope.<sup id="cite_ref-CUSTODIA_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUSTODIA-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."><img alt="Entrance of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/271px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/407px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/542px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_over_the_Palazzo_della_Rovere.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre over the Palazzo della Rovere."><img alt="Flag of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre over the Palazzo della Rovere." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_over_the_Palazzo_della_Rovere.jpg/240px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_over_the_Palazzo_della_Rovere.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_over_the_Palazzo_della_Rovere.jpg/360px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_over_the_Palazzo_della_Rovere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_over_the_Palazzo_della_Rovere.jpg/480px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_over_the_Palazzo_della_Rovere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre over the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Rovere" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzo della Rovere">Palazzo della Rovere</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trastevere_-_sant%27Onofrio_-_chiostro_esterno_3108-10.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The convent of Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo contains the official church of the order."><img alt="The convent of Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo contains the official church of the order." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trastevere_-_sant%27Onofrio_-_chiostro_esterno_3108-10.JPG/326px-Trastevere_-_sant%27Onofrio_-_chiostro_esterno_3108-10.JPG" decoding="async" width="218" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trastevere_-_sant%27Onofrio_-_chiostro_esterno_3108-10.JPG/489px-Trastevere_-_sant%27Onofrio_-_chiostro_esterno_3108-10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trastevere_-_sant%27Onofrio_-_chiostro_esterno_3108-10.JPG/652px-Trastevere_-_sant%27Onofrio_-_chiostro_esterno_3108-10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="865" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The convent of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Onofrio_al_Gianicolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo">Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo</a> contains the official church of the order.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo_palermo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Arab-Norman Chiesa di San Cataldo, local church to the order in Palermo, Sicily, since 1937."><img alt="The Arab-Norman Chiesa di San Cataldo, local church to the order in Palermo, Sicily, since 1937." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo_palermo.JPG/240px-Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo_palermo.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo_palermo.JPG/360px-Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo_palermo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo_palermo.JPG/480px-Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo_palermo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Arab-Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Norman">Arab-Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiesa di San Cataldo">Chiesa di San Cataldo</a>, local church to the order in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, since 1937.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre_Dame_de_Paris.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre Dame de Paris in France, where the Relics of Sainte-Chapelle are exposed by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre."><img alt="Notre Dame de Paris in France, where the Relics of Sainte-Chapelle are exposed by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Notre_Dame_de_Paris.JPG/271px-Notre_Dame_de_Paris.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Notre_Dame_de_Paris.JPG/406px-Notre_Dame_de_Paris.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Notre_Dame_de_Paris.JPG/542px-Notre_Dame_de_Paris.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame de Paris</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Sainte-Chapelle" title="Relics of Sainte-Chapelle">Relics of Sainte-Chapelle</a> are exposed by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Investitur2010-Dresden2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Investiture in Dresden, Germany, in 2010."><img alt="Investiture in Dresden, Germany, in 2010." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Investitur2010-Dresden2.jpg/238px-Investitur2010-Dresden2.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Investitur2010-Dresden2.jpg/357px-Investitur2010-Dresden2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Investitur2010-Dresden2.jpg/476px-Investitur2010-Dresden2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">Investiture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, in 2010.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Investitur2010-Dresden5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside Dresden Cathedral, 9 October 2010."><img alt="Inside Dresden Cathedral, 9 October 2010." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Investitur2010-Dresden5.jpg/268px-Investitur2010-Dresden5.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Investitur2010-Dresden5.jpg/402px-Investitur2010-Dresden5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Investitur2010-Dresden5.jpg/536px-Investitur2010-Dresden5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1975" data-file-height="1326" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside <a href="/wiki/Dresden_Cathedral" title="Dresden Cathedral">Dresden Cathedral</a>, 9 October 2010.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grabesritter_bei_der_Liboriprozession.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Procession in honour of Saint Liborius of Le Mans with Knights of the Holy Sepulchre together with Teutonic Knights in Paderborn, Germany."><img alt="Procession in honour of Saint Liborius of Le Mans with Knights of the Holy Sepulchre together with Teutonic Knights in Paderborn, Germany." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grabesritter_bei_der_Liboriprozession.jpg/263px-Grabesritter_bei_der_Liboriprozession.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grabesritter_bei_der_Liboriprozession.jpg/395px-Grabesritter_bei_der_Liboriprozession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grabesritter_bei_der_Liboriprozession.jpg/526px-Grabesritter_bei_der_Liboriprozession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">Procession</a> in honour of Saint <a href="/wiki/Liborius_of_Le_Mans" title="Liborius of Le Mans">Liborius of Le Mans</a> with Knights of the Holy Sepulchre together with <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Knights</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" 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href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cyprus" title="Catholic Church in Cyprus">Catholic Church in Cyprus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dame" is the usual English title of a female member of an order of chivalry; a "lady" in terms of <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_chivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of chivalry">orders of chivalry</a> is usually the wife of a member although there are exceptions: for example female members of the British <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> may be called either "Lady (Royal and/or Supernumerary) Companion" (but not simply "Lady") or "Knight (Royal and/or Supernumerary) Companion". There is no provision in the constitution to use other titles in English, such as "<a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">sir</a>", for knights although this is occasionally used. In some English-speaking lieutenancies, and consistent with the constitution and diplomatic practice of using French, a knight is addressed as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chevalier</i></span>, abbreviated <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chev.</i></span> The Diploma of Investiture of the Order, written in Latin, uses the term "Equitem" and the corresponding certificate for the Pilgrim Shell uses the Latin title "Dominum".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bander van Duren wrongly states that they were introduced in 1977: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBander_van_Duren1987" class="citation book cs1">Bander van Duren (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossonswordsupp0000band/page/156"><i>The Cross on the Sword</i></a>. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe Limited. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossonswordsupp0000band/page/156">156</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905715-32-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905715-32-2"><bdi>978-0-905715-32-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross+on+the+Sword&rft.place=Gerrards+Cross&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Colin+Smythe+Limited&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-905715-32-2&rft.au=Bander+van+Duren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrossonswordsupp0000band%2Fpage%2F156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vatican.va-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vatican.va_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vatican.va_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vatican.va_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vatican.va_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/en/cenni_storici_en.html">"History - Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+-+Equestrian+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Finstitutions_connected%2Foessh%2Fen%2Fcenni_storici_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oessh.va/content/ordineequestresantosepolcro/en/chi-siamo.html">"About us"</a>. Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=Equestrian+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oessh.va%2Fcontent%2Fordineequestresantosepolcro%2Fen%2Fchi-siamo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Official_website_page_1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_website_page_1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oessh.va/content/ordineequestresantosepolcro/en/chi-siamo/histoire.html">"History"</a>. Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Equestrian+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oessh.va%2Fcontent%2Fordineequestresantosepolcro%2Fen%2Fchi-siamo%2Fhistoire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oessh.va/content/ordineequestresantosepolcro/en/gran-magistero/le-feste-dell-ordine/beata-vergine-maria-regina-di-palestina.html">"Blessed Vergin Mary Queen of Palestine"</a>. <i>www.oessh.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oessh.va&rft.atitle=Blessed+Vergin+Mary+Queen+of+Palestine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oessh.va%2Fcontent%2Fordineequestresantosepolcro%2Fen%2Fgran-magistero%2Fle-feste-dell-ordine%2Fbeata-vergine-maria-regina-di-palestina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia.com_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia.com_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pilgrimages-holy-land-and-communities-holy-land">"Pilgrimages to the Holy Land and Communities in the Holy Land | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Pilgrimages+to+the+Holy+Land+and+Communities+in+the+Holy+Land+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fhistory%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fpilgrimages-holy-land-and-communities-holy-land&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/article/evidence-of-earliest-christian-pilgrimage-to-the-holy-land-comes-to-light-in-holy-sepulchre-church/">"Evidence of Earliest Christian Pilgrimage to the Holy Land Comes to Light in Holy Sepulchre Church"</a>. <i>The BAS Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chivalry+Is+Not+Dead+%28Published+1994%29&rft.date=1994-03-13&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F03%2F13%2Fbooks%2Fchivalry-is-not-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_II" title="Pope Innocent II">Pope Innocent II</a> indeed did write Alfonso VII to just this effect, 10 June 1135 or 36 (Lourie 1995:645).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from Froissart's Chronicles, translated by John Bourchier, Lord Berners (1467–1533), E M Brougham, News Out Of Scotland, London 1926</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/en/cenni_storici_en.html">"History - Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=History+-+Equestrian+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Finstitutions_connected%2Foessh%2Fen%2Fcenni_storici_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2021" class="citation cs2">Armstrong, Megan C., ed. (2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/holy-land-and-the-early-modern-reinvention-of-catholicism/order-of-the-holy-sepulcher/400B0949B20673B19611E56844664665">"The Order of the Holy Sepulcher"</a>, <i>The Holy Land and the Early Modern Reinvention of Catholicism</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">121–</span>181, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108957946.004">10.1017/9781108957946.004</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-83247-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-83247-2"><bdi>978-1-108-83247-2</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238052679">238052679</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Holy+Land+and+the+Early+Modern+Reinvention+of+Catholicism&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulcher&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E181&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238052679%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108957946.004&rft.isbn=978-1-108-83247-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fholy-land-and-the-early-modern-reinvention-of-catholicism%2Forder-of-the-holy-sepulcher%2F400B0949B20673B19611E56844664665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRioli2020" class="citation cs2">Rioli, Maria Chiara (14 August 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/9789004423718/BP000011.xml">"Nostalgia for an Invented Past and Concern for the Future: the Latin Diocese of Jerusalem from Its Reestablishment to the Second World War (1847–1945)"</a>, <i>A Liminal Church</i>, Brill, pp. <span class="nowrap">24–</span>29, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004423718_003">10.1163/9789004423718_003</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-42371-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-42371-8"><bdi>978-90-04-42371-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Liminal+Church&rft.atitle=Nostalgia+for+an+Invented+Past+and+Concern+for+the+Future%3A+the+Latin+Diocese+of+Jerusalem+from+Its+Reestablishment+to+the+Second+World+War+%281847%E2%80%931945%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2020-08-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004423718_003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-42371-8&rft.aulast=Rioli&rft.aufirst=Maria+Chiara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9789004423718%2FBP000011.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bander_van_Duren" title="Peter Bander van Duren">Peter Bander van Duren</a>, <i>Orders of Knighthood and of Merit</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeindl" class="citation thesis cs1">Meindl, Maria Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utheses.univie.ac.at/detail/7518#"><i>"Wenn einer eine Reise tut, dann kann er was erzählen." (Matthias Claudius) das Heilige Land in spätmittelalterlichen Reiseberichten</i></a> (Master of Philosophy thesis). p. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%22Wenn+einer+eine+Reise+tut%2C+dann+kann+er+was+erz%C3%A4hlen.%22+%28Matthias+Claudius%29+das+Heilige+Land+in+sp%C3%A4tmittelalterlichen+Reiseberichten&rft.degree=Master+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Meindl&rft.aufirst=Maria+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futheses.univie.ac.at%2Fdetail%2F7518%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janus Møller Jensen. Denmark and the Crusades. 2007 p.41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johann Georg Kohl: Pilgerfahrt des Landgrafen Wilhelm des Tapferen von Thüringen zum heiligen Lande im Jahre 1461, Müller 1868, page 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichtsquellen.de/werk/2208">"Geschichtsquellen: Werk/2208"</a>. <i>www.geschichtsquellen.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.geschichtsquellen.de&rft.atitle=Geschichtsquellen%3A+Werk%2F2208&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geschichtsquellen.de%2Fwerk%2F2208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allgemeine encyclopädie der wissenschaften und künste in alphabetischer folge von genannten schrifts bearbeitet und herausgegeben von J. S. Ersch und J. G. Gruber, J. f. Gleditsch, 1828, S. 158 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Besse-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Besse_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02534b.htm">Besse, Jean. "Bethlehemites." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 23 June 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrollope1834" class="citation web cs1">Trollope, Thomas Anthony (2 December 1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_ICAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA238">"An encyclopædia ecclesiastica; or, A complete history of the Church"</a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+encyclop%C3%A6dia+ecclesiastica%3B+or%2C+A+complete+history+of+the+Church&rft.date=1834-12-02&rft.aulast=Trollope&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_ICAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Georg Spalatin, Christian Gotthold Neudecker, Ludwig Preller: Historischer nachlass und briefe, 1851, page 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan Harasimowicz: Adel in Schlesien 01: Herrschaft- Kultur- Selbstdarstellung, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/348658877X" title="Special:BookSources/348658877X">348658877X</a>, S. 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06281a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Order of Friars Minor"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Order+of+Friars+Minor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F06281a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419014301/http://www.order-of-the-holy-sepulchre.org/hist1.html">"Official website of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre"</a>. 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John Hearne – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Account+of+the+Several+Foreign+Orders+of+Knighthood%2C+and+Other+Marks+of+Honourable+Distinctions%2C+Especially+of+Such+as+Have+Been+Conferred+Upon+British+Subjects%2C+Together+with+the+Names+and+Achievements+of+Those+Galant+Men%2C+who+Have+Been+Presented+with+Honorary+Swords+Or+Plate%2C+by+the+Patriotic+Fund+Institution&rft.pub=John+Hearne&rft.date=1839-12-02&rft.aulast=Carlisle&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHblTAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schulze-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schulze_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Schulze: <i>Chronik sämmtlicher bekannten Ritter-Orden und Ehrenzeichen, welche von Souverainen und Regierungen verliehen werden, nebst Abb. der Decorationen.</i> Moeser 1855, S. 566 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oesshWEB-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oesshWEB_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oessh.va/content/ordineequestresantosepolcro/en/chi-siamo/histoire.html">"How has the Order of the Holy Sepulchre evolved over time?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+has+the+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre+evolved+over+time%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oessh.va%2Fcontent%2Fordineequestresantosepolcro%2Fen%2Fchi-siamo%2Fhistoire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oessh.no-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oessh.no_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oessh.no_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oessh.no_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">oessh.no</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926102824/http://notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article339">"Accueil - Notre Dame de Paris"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article339">the original</a> on 26 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accueil+-+Notre+Dame+de+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notredamedeparis.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/gran_magistero_en.html">"The Grand Magisterium of the Order - Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Magisterium+of+the+Order+-+Equestrian+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Finstitutions_connected%2Foessh%2Fgran_magistero_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/gran_magistero_en.html">"The Grand Magisterium of the Order - Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Magisterium+of+the+Order+-+Equestrian+Order+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Finstitutions_connected%2Foessh%2Fgran_magistero_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/gran_magistero.html">"Il Gran Magistero dell'Ordine Equestre del Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+Gran+Magistero+dell%27Ordine+Equestre+del+Santo+Sepolcro+di+Gerusalemme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Finstitutions_connected%2Foessh%2Fgran_magistero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keytoumbria.com/Perugia/S_Luca.html">"Key to Umbria: Perugia"</a>. <i>Key to Umbria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EOHSJ+~+Southwestern+USA&rft.atitle=Constitution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eohssouthwest.com%2Fdocuments%2FOfficialDocuments%2FEOHSJ_Constitution_1978_Final-PDF_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Acta Apostolicae Sedis,</i> 20 April 1915, extending and clarifying the Apostolic Constitution <i>Militantis Ecclesiae</i> of Innocent X, 19 December 1644, cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pJQoAAAAYAAJ">"A Decree on Ecclesiastical Heraldry"</a>. <i>The Ecclesiastical Review</i>. <b>53</b>: 75 (Latin), 82–83 (English). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ecclesiastical+Review&rft.atitle=A+Decree+on+Ecclesiastical+Heraldry&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=75+%28Latin%29%2C+82-83+%28English%29&rft.date=1915-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpJQoAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holysepulchre.net/insignia_uniform/dress.html">"EOHSJ — Ceremonial Dress"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EOHSJ+%E2%80%94+Ceremonial+Dress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holysepulchre.net%2Finsignia_uniform%2Fdress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806140852/http://www.chivalricorders.org/vatican/holysep.htm">"Almanach de la Cour"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chivalricorders.org/vatican/holysep.htm">the original</a> on 6 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Almanach+de+la+Cour&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchivalricorders.org%2Fvatican%2Fholysep.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oessh.va/content/ordineequestresantosepolcro/en/media/le-nostre-pubblicazioni/constitution.html">"Constitution"</a>. <i>www.oessh.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oessh.va&rft.atitle=Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oessh.va%2Fcontent%2Fordineequestresantosepolcro%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Fle-nostre-pubblicazioni%2Fconstitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oessh.va/content/ordineequestresantosepolcro/en/chi-siamo/chi-sono-i-membri-dell-ordine-.html">Ranks in the Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a> - official website of the OESSH</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/gradi-cavallereschi.html">"Congregazione per l'Educazione Cattolica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congregazione+per+l%27Educazione+Cattolica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Finstitutions_connected%2Foessh%2Fgradi-cavallereschi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eohsj.com/members-of-the-order">"Members of the Order"</a>. <i>EOHSJ Toronto</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EOHSJ+Toronto&rft.atitle=Members+of+the+Order&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eohsj.com%2Fmembers-of-the-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Canon 1898, Ordo S. Sepulchre, Romae,1894.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104030446/http://en.lpj.org/2012/09/13/new-honorary-canon-of-the-holy-sepulchre-in-brescia/">"New honorary Canon of the Holy Sepulchre in Brescia"</a>. 13 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.lpj.org/2012/09/13/new-honorary-canon-of-the-holy-sepulchre-in-brescia/">the original</a> on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+honorary+Canon+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre+in+Brescia&rft.date=2012-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.lpj.org%2F2012%2F09%2F13%2Fnew-honorary-canon-of-the-holy-sepulchre-in-brescia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barbiconi.it/schedabis.asp?idProdotto=260">"Barbiconi Sartoria ecclesiastica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barbiconi+Sartoria+ecclesiastica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barbiconi.it%2Fschedabis.asp%3FidProdotto%3D260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eohs-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eohs_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.midatlanticeohs.com/saints-of-the-order/">"Saints of the Order – Middle Atlantic Lieutenancy"</a>. <i>www.midatlanticeohs.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem">Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem</a>. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202104421/https://www.midatlanticeohs.com/saints-of-the-order/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.midatlanticeohs.com&rft.atitle=Saints+of+the+Order+%E2%80%93+Middle+Atlantic+Lieutenancy&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.midatlanticeohs.com%2Fsaints-of-the-order%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526414/scallop">"scallop - bivalve"</a>. 20 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=scallop+-+bivalve&rft.date=2023-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F526414%2Fscallop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuenkpalm-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kuenkpalm_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuenkpalm_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kuenker.de/de/archiv/stueck/58392">"Palme von Jerusalem [Palma Hierosolymitani]"</a>. <i>Künker Münzauktionen und Goldhandel</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%BCnker+M%C3%BCnzauktionen+und+Goldhandel&rft.atitle=Palme+von+Jerusalem+%5BPalma+Hierosolymitani%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuenker.de%2Fde%2Farchiv%2Fstueck%2F58392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BvD156-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BvD156_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BvD156_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BvD156_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBander_van_Duren1987" class="citation book cs1">Bander van Duren (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossonswordsupp0000band/page/156"><i>The Cross on the Sword</i></a>. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe Limited. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossonswordsupp0000band/page/156">156</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905715-32-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905715-32-2"><bdi>978-0-905715-32-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross+on+the+Sword&rft.place=Gerrards+Cross&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Colin+Smythe+Limited&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-905715-32-2&rft.au=Bander+van+Duren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrossonswordsupp0000band%2Fpage%2F156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CUSTODIA-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CUSTODIA_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.custodia.org/en/decoration-created-leon-xiii">"The Decoration created by Leon XIII"</a>. Custodia Terrae Sanctae<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Decoration+created+by+Leon+XIII&rft.pub=Custodia+Terrae+Sanctae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.custodia.org%2Fen%2Fdecoration-created-leon-xiii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlasco1998" class="citation book cs1">Blasco, Alfred J. (1998). <i>The Modern Crusaders</i>. PenRose. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9632687-7-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9632687-7-5"><bdi>0-9632687-7-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Crusaders&rft.pub=PenRose&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9632687-7-5&rft.aulast=Blasco&rft.aufirst=Alfred+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoonan1996" class="citation book cs1">Noonan, James Charles Jr. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/196"><i>The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church</i></a>. Viking. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/196">196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-86745-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-86745-4"><bdi>0-670-86745-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Church+Visible%3A+The+Ceremonial+Life+and+Protocol+of+the+Roman+Catholic+Church&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-670-86745-4&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=James+Charles+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchurchvisiblecer0000noon%2Fpage%2F196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoonan,_Jr.2012" class="citation book cs1">Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (2012). <i>The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church Revised Edition</i>. Sterling-Ethos. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-8730-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-8730-0"><bdi>978-1-4027-8730-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Church+Visible%3A+The+Ceremonial+Life+and+Protocol+of+the+Roman+Catholic+Church+Revised+Edition&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Sterling-Ethos&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-8730-0&rft.aulast=Noonan%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=James-Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+Holy+Sepulchre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bander van Duren, Peter <i>Orders of Knighthood and of Merit</i></li> <li>Sainty, Guy Stair. Order of the Holy Sepulchre <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330214036/http://www.chivalricorders.org/vatican/holysep.htm">The Order of the Holy Sepulcher</a></li> <li>Sainty, G. 2006. Order of the Holy Sepulchre. World Orders of Knighthood & Merit. Guy Stair Sainty (editor) and Rafal Heydel-Mankoo (deputy editor). United Kingdom: Burke's Peerage & Gentry. 2 Vol. (2100 pp).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>De perenni Cultu Terra Sancta</i> (1555), Venice 1572, by <a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Ragusa" title="Boniface of Ragusa">Boniface of Ragusa</a></li> <li><i>Liber De perenni Cultu Terrae Sanctae Et De Fructuosa eius Peregrinatione</i>, Venice 1573, by <a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Ragusa" title="Boniface of Ragusa">Boniface of Ragusa</a></li> <li><i>Discours du voyage d'Outre Mer au Sainct Sépulcre de Iérusalem, et autres lieux de la terre Saincte</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> 1573, by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_R%C3%A9gnault" title="Antoine Régnault">Antoine Régnault</a></li> <li>Csordás Eörs, editor, <i>Miles Christi</i>, Budapest: Szent István Társulat, 2001, 963361189X</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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by modern states, with crusader <i>names in parentheses</i> ()</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Cyprus" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Egypt" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Greece" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery_in_Abu_Ghosh" title="Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a> (<i>Fontenoid</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel#Knights'_Halls" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> (<i>Saint Jean d'Acre</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia%E2%80%93Arsuf" title="Apollonia–Arsuf">Apollonia–Arsuf</a> (<i>Arsur</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastelet" title="Chastelet">Ateret Fortress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">siege</a>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazur" title="Yazur">Yazur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a> (<i>Bethaatap</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="Bayt Jibrin">Bayt Jibrin</a> (<i>Beth Gibelin</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a> (<i>Bethsan</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Castle_(Israel)" title="Belvoir Castle (Israel)">Belvoir Fortress</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgata" title="Burgata">Burgata</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafarlet" title="Cafarlet">Cafarlet</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_P%C3%A8lerin" title="Château Pèlerin">Château Pèlerin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Destroit" title="Le Destroit">Destroit</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle" title="Al-Burj, Ramle">Castle Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Crusader_period" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jerusalem during the Crusader period">Jerusalem</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/17px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/26px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/34px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> (<i>Caypha</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a> (<i>Toron</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunin" title="Hunin">Hunin</a> (<i>Château Neuf</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a> (<i>Castellum Regis</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Afek" title="Migdal Afek">Migdal Afek</a> (<i>Mirabel</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Castle" title="Montfort Castle">Montfort</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a> (<i>Calanson</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="Qaqun">Qaqun</a> (<i>Caco</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastal,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Qastal, Jerusalem">Qastal</a> (<i>Beauverium</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qula" title="Qula">Qula</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> (<i>Saphet</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibe,_Galilee" title="Taibe, Galilee">Taibe</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Afek" title="Tel Afek">Tel Afek</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hanaton" title="Tel Hanaton">Tel Hanaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tell es-Safi</a> (<i>Blanche Garde</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Tanninim" title="Tel Tanninim">Tel Tanninim (<i>Torin Selin</i>)</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem" title="Suba, Jerusalem">Suba</a> (<i>Belmont</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Yokneam" title="Tel Yokneam">Tel Yokneam</a> (<i>Caymont</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="Yibna">Yavne</a> (<i>Ibelin</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a> (<i>La Sephorie</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Khalid" title="Umm Khalid">Umm Khalid</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Jiddin" title="Khirbat Jiddin">Khirbat Jiddin</a> (<i>Judin</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajloun_Castle" title="Ajloun Castle">Ajloun Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_Castle" title="Kerak Castle">Kerak Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_(castle)" title="Montreal (castle)">Montreal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafilah" title="Tafilah">Tafilah</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27ayra_Castle" title="Wu'ayra Castle">Vaux Moise</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Batroun</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Castle,_Lebanon" title="Beaufort Castle, Lebanon">Beaufort Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Castle" title="Beirut Castle">Beirut Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belhacem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belhacem (page does not exist)">Belhacem</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_Castle" title="Byblos Castle">Byblos Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Tripoli" title="Citadel of Tripoli">Citadel of Tripoli</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqra,_Lebanon#Doubay_or_'Qal'at_ad-Dubba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaqra, Lebanon">Dubay Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibelacar" title="Gibelacar">Gibelacar</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliath" title="Coliath">Coliath</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Kifa#Castle" title="Deir Kifa">Deir Kifa Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbaya#The_Citadel" title="Hasbaya">Hasbaya Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moinetre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moinetre (page does not exist)">Moinetre</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mseilha_Fort" title="Mseilha Fort">Puy du Connétable, Castrum Constabularii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Nephin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Castle" title="Saint Louis Castle">Saint Louis Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandelion_Castle" title="Scandelion Castle">Scandelion Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon_Sea_Castle" title="Sidon Sea Castle">Sidon Sea Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toron" title="Toron">Toron</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Syria" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Turkey" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Associations</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/17px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/26px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/34px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of Saint Lazarus</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orders_of_the_Italian_States_before_the_Unification_of_Italy_(1871)688" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orders_of_Italian_States_before_unification" title="Template:Orders of Italian States before unification"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orders_of_Italian_States_before_unification" title="Template talk:Orders of Italian States before unification"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders_of_Italian_States_before_unification" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders of Italian States before unification"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orders_of_the_Italian_States_before_the_Unification_of_Italy_(1871)688" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Orders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Italian States</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a> (1871)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of<br />Sardinia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg/50px-Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg/75px-Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg/100px-Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg/50px-Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg/75px-Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg/100px-Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavaliere_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cavaliere_BAR.svg/50px-Cavaliere_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cavaliere_BAR.svg/75px-Cavaliere_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cavaliere_BAR.svg/100px-Cavaliere_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Savoy" title="Military Order of Savoy">Military Order of Savoy</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg/50px-Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg/75px-Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg/100px-Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Order_of_Savoy" title="Civil Order of Savoy">Civil Order of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1843.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Italy_1843.svg/150px-Italy_1843.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Italy_1843.svg/225px-Italy_1843.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Italy_1843.svg/300px-Italy_1843.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic<br />of Genoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Genoa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/30px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/60px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Order_of_Saint_George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Order of Saint George (page does not exist)">Military Order of Saint George</a> (Red-coloured cross)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of<br />Lombardy–Venetia</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Austria-Hungary">Austrian orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg/50px-Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg/75px-Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg/100px-Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.S.Stef.Ungh..png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ord.S.Stef.Ungh..png/50px-Ord.S.Stef.Ungh..png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ord.S.Stef.Ungh..png/75px-Ord.S.Stef.Ungh..png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ord.S.Stef.Ungh..png/100px-Ord.S.Stef.Ungh..png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="95" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary" title="Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary">Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png/50px-Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png/75px-Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png/100px-Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Maria_Theresa" title="Military Order of Maria Theresa">Military Order of Maria Theresa</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_imperiale_della_corona_di_ferro,_austria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ordine_imperiale_della_corona_di_ferro%2C_austria.png/50px-Ordine_imperiale_della_corona_di_ferro%2C_austria.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ordine_imperiale_della_corona_di_ferro%2C_austria.png/75px-Ordine_imperiale_della_corona_di_ferro%2C_austria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ordine_imperiale_della_corona_di_ferro%2C_austria.png/100px-Ordine_imperiale_della_corona_di_ferro%2C_austria.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="95" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Iron_Crown_(Austria)" title="Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)">Order of the Iron Crown</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.Leopold.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ord.Leopold.PNG/50px-Ord.Leopold.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ord.Leopold.PNG/75px-Ord.Leopold.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ord.Leopold.PNG/100px-Ord.Leopold.PNG 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Austria)" title="Order of Leopold (Austria)">Order of Leopold</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Franz_Joseph_-_Ribbon_bar_(Knight).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Order_of_Franz_Joseph_-_Ribbon_bar_%28Knight%29.svg/50px-Order_of_Franz_Joseph_-_Ribbon_bar_%28Knight%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Order_of_Franz_Joseph_-_Ribbon_bar_%28Knight%29.svg/75px-Order_of_Franz_Joseph_-_Ribbon_bar_%28Knight%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Order_of_Franz_Joseph_-_Ribbon_bar_%28Knight%29.svg/100px-Order_of_Franz_Joseph_-_Ribbon_bar_%28Knight%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Franz_Joseph" title="Order of Franz Joseph">Order of Franz Joseph</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_de_la_Croix_%C3%A9toil%C3%A9e_autro-hongrois.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ordre_de_la_Croix_%C3%A9toil%C3%A9e_autro-hongrois.jpg/50px-Ordre_de_la_Croix_%C3%A9toil%C3%A9e_autro-hongrois.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ordre_de_la_Croix_%C3%A9toil%C3%A9e_autro-hongrois.jpg/75px-Ordre_de_la_Croix_%C3%A9toil%C3%A9e_autro-hongrois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ordre_de_la_Croix_%C3%A9toil%C3%A9e_autro-hongrois.jpg/100px-Ordre_de_la_Croix_%C3%A9toil%C3%A9e_autro-hongrois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Starry_Cross" title="Order of the Starry Cross">Order of the Starry Cross</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.ElisabettaTeresa.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ord.ElisabettaTeresa.PNG/50px-Ord.ElisabettaTeresa.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ord.ElisabettaTeresa.PNG/75px-Ord.ElisabettaTeresa.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ord.ElisabettaTeresa.PNG/100px-Ord.ElisabettaTeresa.PNG 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Elizabeth_and_Theresa" title="Order of Elizabeth and Theresa">Order of Elizabeth and Theresa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Mark" title="Order of Saint Mark">Order of Saint Mark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Stole" title="Order of the Golden Stole">Order of the Golden Stole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Company_of_the_Hose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Company of the Hose (page does not exist)">Company of the Hose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lucca" title="Duchy of Lucca">Duchy of Lucca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IT_Luc_Order_of_Saint_George_of_Military_Merit_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/IT_Luc_Order_of_Saint_George_of_Military_Merit_BAR.svg/50px-IT_Luc_Order_of_Saint_George_of_Military_Merit_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/IT_Luc_Order_of_Saint_George_of_Military_Merit_BAR.svg/75px-IT_Luc_Order_of_Saint_George_of_Military_Merit_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/IT_Luc_Order_of_Saint_George_of_Military_Merit_BAR.svg/100px-IT_Luc_Order_of_Saint_George_of_Military_Merit_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Saint_George_for_Military_Merit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Saint George for Military Merit (page does not exist)">Order of Saint George for Military Merit</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Saint_Louis_(Parma)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1718" data-file-height="469" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Saint_Louis_for_Civil_Merit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Saint Louis for Civil Merit (page does not exist)">Order of Saint Louis for Civil Merit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/50px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/75px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/100px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Military_Constantinian_Order_of_Saint_George" title="Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George">Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Saint_Louis_(Parma)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1718" data-file-height="469" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Saint_Louis_for_Civil_Merit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Saint Louis for Civil Merit (page does not exist)">Order of Saint Louis for Civil Merit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of<br />Modena<br />and Reggio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.Estense.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ord.Estense.png/50px-Ord.Estense.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ord.Estense.png/75px-Ord.Estense.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ord.Estense.png/100px-Ord.Estense.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Eagle_of_Este" title="Order of the Eagle of Este">Order of the Eagle of Este</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.Estense.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ord.Estense.png/50px-Ord.Estense.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ord.Estense.png/75px-Ord.Estense.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ord.Estense.png/100px-Ord.Estense.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Seniority_of_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross of Seniority of Service (page does not exist)">Cross of Seniority of Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy<br />of Tuscany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TOSC_Order_of_Santo_Stefano_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TOSC_Order_of_Santo_Stefano_BAR.svg/50px-TOSC_Order_of_Santo_Stefano_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TOSC_Order_of_Santo_Stefano_BAR.svg/75px-TOSC_Order_of_Santo_Stefano_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TOSC_Order_of_Santo_Stefano_BAR.svg/100px-TOSC_Order_of_Santo_Stefano_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stephen" title="Order of Saint Stephen">Order of Saint Stephen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.SanGiuseppe-CAV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ord.SanGiuseppe-CAV.png/50px-Ord.SanGiuseppe-CAV.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ord.SanGiuseppe-CAV.png/75px-Ord.SanGiuseppe-CAV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ord.SanGiuseppe-CAV.png/100px-Ord.SanGiuseppe-CAV.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Joseph" title="Order of Saint Joseph">Order of Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TOSC_Order_of_Civil_Military_Merit_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/TOSC_Order_of_Civil_Military_Merit_BAR.png/50px-TOSC_Order_of_Civil_Military_Merit_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/TOSC_Order_of_Civil_Military_Merit_BAR.png/75px-TOSC_Order_of_Civil_Military_Merit_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/TOSC_Order_of_Civil_Military_Merit_BAR.png/100px-TOSC_Order_of_Civil_Military_Merit_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Civil_and_Military_Merit_(Toscana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of the Civil and Military Merit (Toscana) (page does not exist)">Order of the Civil and Military Merit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_orders_of_knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal orders of knighthood">Holy See</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_Supremo_del_Cristo_Rib.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ordine_Supremo_del_Cristo_Rib.png/50px-Ordine_Supremo_del_Cristo_Rib.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ordine_Supremo_del_Cristo_Rib.png/75px-Ordine_Supremo_del_Cristo_Rib.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Ordine_Supremo_del_Cristo_Rib.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_Christ" title="Supreme Order of Christ">Supreme Order of Christ</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordo_Militia_Aurata_or_Ordine_dello_Speron_d%27Oro_o_Milizia_Aurata.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ordo_Militia_Aurata_or_Ordine_dello_Speron_d%27Oro_o_Milizia_Aurata.png/45px-Ordo_Militia_Aurata_or_Ordine_dello_Speron_d%27Oro_o_Milizia_Aurata.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ordo_Militia_Aurata_or_Ordine_dello_Speron_d%27Oro_o_Milizia_Aurata.png/68px-Ordo_Militia_Aurata_or_Ordine_dello_Speron_d%27Oro_o_Milizia_Aurata.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ordo_Militia_Aurata_or_Ordine_dello_Speron_d%27Oro_o_Milizia_Aurata.png/90px-Ordo_Militia_Aurata_or_Ordine_dello_Speron_d%27Oro_o_Milizia_Aurata.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Spur" title="Order of the Golden Spur">Order of the Golden Spur</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VA_Ordine_Piano_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VA_Ordine_Piano_BAR.svg/50px-VA_Ordine_Piano_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VA_Ordine_Piano_BAR.svg/75px-VA_Ordine_Piano_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VA_Ordine_Piano_BAR.svg/100px-VA_Ordine_Piano_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Pope_Pius_IX" title="Order of Pope Pius IX">Order of Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great.png/50px-Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great.png/75px-Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great.png/100px-Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great" title="Order of St. Gregory the Great">Order of St. Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg/50px-Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg/75px-Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg/100px-Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Sylvester" title="Order of St. Sylvester">Order of St. Sylvester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected by<br />the Holy See</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg/50px-OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg/75px-OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg/100px-OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teutonic_Order_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Teutonic_Order_BAR.svg/50px-Teutonic_Order_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Teutonic_Order_BAR.svg/75px-Teutonic_Order_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Teutonic_Order_BAR.svg/100px-Teutonic_Order_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/SMOM.svg/50px-SMOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/SMOM.svg/75px-SMOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/SMOM.svg/100px-SMOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of<br />the Two Sicilies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IT_TSic_Order_Santo_Gennaro_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/IT_TSic_Order_Santo_Gennaro_BAR.svg/50px-IT_TSic_Order_Santo_Gennaro_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/IT_TSic_Order_Santo_Gennaro_BAR.svg/75px-IT_TSic_Order_Santo_Gennaro_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/IT_TSic_Order_Santo_Gennaro_BAR.svg/100px-IT_TSic_Order_Santo_Gennaro_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Januarius" title="Order of Saint Januarius">Order of Saint Januarius</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/50px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/75px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/100px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Military_Constantinian_Order_of_Saint_George" title="Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George">Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Royal_Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit.png/50px-Royal_Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Royal_Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit.png/75px-Royal_Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Royal_Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit.png/100px-Royal_Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit" title="Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit">Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_delle_Due_Sicilie_ribbon_bar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_delle_Due_Sicilie_ribbon_bar.png/50px-Ordine_delle_Due_Sicilie_ribbon_bar.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_delle_Due_Sicilie_ribbon_bar.png/75px-Ordine_delle_Due_Sicilie_ribbon_bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_delle_Due_Sicilie_ribbon_bar.png/100px-Ordine_delle_Due_Sicilie_ribbon_bar.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Two-Sicilies" title="Royal Order of the Two-Sicilies">Royal Order of the Two-Sicilies</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reale_e_militare_ordine_di_San_Giorgio_della_Riunione.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Reale_e_militare_ordine_di_San_Giorgio_della_Riunione.png/50px-Reale_e_militare_ordine_di_San_Giorgio_della_Riunione.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Reale_e_militare_ordine_di_San_Giorgio_della_Riunione.png/75px-Reale_e_militare_ordine_di_San_Giorgio_della_Riunione.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Reale_e_militare_ordine_di_San_Giorgio_della_Riunione.png/100px-Reale_e_militare_ordine_di_San_Giorgio_della_Riunione.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="92" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_George_of_the_Reunion" title="Order of Saint George of the Reunion">Order of Saint George of the Reunion</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reale_ordine_di_francesco_I.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Reale_ordine_di_francesco_I.png/50px-Reale_ordine_di_francesco_I.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Reale_ordine_di_francesco_I.png/75px-Reale_ordine_di_francesco_I.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Reale_ordine_di_francesco_I.png/100px-Reale_ordine_di_francesco_I.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Francis_I" title="Royal Order of Francis I">Royal Order of Francis I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_orders,_decorations,_and_medals" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Italian orders, decorations, and medals">Template:Italian orders, decorations, and medals</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See722" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Template talk:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See722" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See#Equestrian_orders_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Orders<br />of the Holy See</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_Christ" title="Supreme Order of Christ">Supreme Order of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Spur" title="Order of the Golden Spur">Order of the Golden Spur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Pope_Pius_IX" title="Order of Pope Pius IX">Order of Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great" title="Order of St. Gregory the Great">Order of St. Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Sylvester" title="Order of St. Sylvester">Order of St. Sylvester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See#Under_protection_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Orders<br />under protection<br />of the Holy See</a><br /><small>(with distinctions)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_of_Jerusalem" title="Palm of Jerusalem">Palm of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Awards_and_distinctions">Pilgrim Shell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Awards_and_distinctions">Cross of Merit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_pro_Merito_Melitensi" title="Order pro Merito Melitensi">Order pro Merito Melitensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_the_Order_pro_Merito_Melitensi" class="mw-redirect" title="Medal of the Order pro Merito Melitensi">Medal of the Order pro Merito Melitensi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%">Other distinctions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rose" title="Golden Rose">Golden Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Ecclesia_et_Pontifice" title="Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice">Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benemerenti_medal" title="Benemerenti medal">Benemerenti medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Pilgrim%27s_Cross" title="Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross">Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%">Defunct/dormant<br />distinctions<br /><small>(selection)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Saint_John_of_the_Lateran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Saint John of the Lateran (page does not exist)">Order of Saint John of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Saint_Cecilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Saint Cecilia (page does not exist)">Order of Saint Cecilia</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Moor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of the Moor (page does not exist)">Order of the Moor</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Saint_Sylvester_and_the_Militia_Aurata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Saint Sylvester and the Militia Aurata (page does not exist)">Order of Saint Sylvester and the Militia Aurata</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocates_of_Saint_Peter" title="Advocates of Saint Peter">Advocates of Saint Peter</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat" title="Blessed sword and hat">Blessed sword and hat</a> (1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Petri_Sede" title="Pro Petri Sede">Pro Petri Sede</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidei_et_Virtuti" title="Fidei et Virtuti">Fidei et Virtuti</a> (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauretan_Cross" title="Lauretan Cross">Lauretan Cross</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1980s</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Lateran_Cross" title="Papal Lateran Cross">Papal Lateran Cross</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Papal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_nobility" title="Papal nobility">Papal nobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nobility" title="Black nobility">Black nobility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_academy" title="Pontifical academy">Pontifical academies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See#Other_Catholic_chivalric_orders" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Other Catholic orders of chivaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f467697bf-9wn8x","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.119","walltime":"1.453","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10090,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":265175,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17961,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":241935,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1116.749 1 -total"," 22.94% 256.155 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.08% 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