Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies</title><link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <meta name="description" content="Were he an immigrant, Donald Trump would be at high risk of being either refused entry, denied a green card or rejected for U.S. citizenship." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="'Good Moral Character?' Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Were he an immigrant, Donald Trump would be at high risk of being either refused entry, denied a green card or rejected for U.S. citizenship." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Just Security" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/JSBlog/" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-08-28T13:05:14+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-08-29T17:50:12+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-21671726651.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="683" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Edgar Chen, Dan Ross" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@just_security" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@just_security" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Edgar Chen, Dan Ross" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="16 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/"},"author":[{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/53a3fb20b924797f5131a766d40c7d65"},{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/0433dc1fa98006ce7cf9b0c0c15d5b7f"}],"headline":"‘Good Moral Character?’ Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies","datePublished":"2024-08-28T13:05:14+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-29T17:50:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/"},"wordCount":3481,"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2167172665-scaled-e1724757812912.jpg?fit=2560%2C1467&ssl=1","keywords":["citizenship","Constitution","crime","Donald Trump","Immigration","Law enforcement","Refugees","Rule of Law","U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","United States"],"articleSection":["Democracy","Featured Articles","Immigration","Law Enforcement","Rule of Law"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/","name":"Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2167172665-scaled-e1724757812912.jpg?fit=2560%2C1467&ssl=1","datePublished":"2024-08-28T13:05:14+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-29T17:50:12+00:00","description":"Were he an immigrant, Donald Trump would be at high risk of being either refused entry, denied a green card or rejected for U.S. citizenship.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/#primaryimage","url":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2167172665-scaled-e1724757812912.jpg?fit=2560%2C1467&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2167172665-scaled-e1724757812912.jpg?fit=2560%2C1467&ssl=1","width":2560,"height":1467,"caption":"SIERRA VISTA, ARIZONA - AUGUST 22: U.S. Republican Presidential Candidate and former President Donald Trump speaks at the U.S.-Mexico border on August 22, 2024 south of Sierra Vista, Arizona. Trump will hold a rally in Glendale, Arizona tomorrow. 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Previously, he served as counsel and liaison to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia for the Coalition for International Justice. He also worked as an oversight attorney in the Office of General Counsel at the Department of Commerce, and as Senior Advisor (detailed as Chief of Staff) at the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. He was Policy Director for the National Asian Pacific American Bar Association and continues to advise the organization on combating anti-Asian hate crimes and discrimination. Edgar has written extensively on a variety of issues for Just Security and other publications, including on transitional justice, human rights enforcement, racial justice in the military, the decennial Census, and congressional oversight of the executive branch. He is also on LinkedIn.","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/0433dc1fa98006ce7cf9b0c0c15d5b7f","name":"Dan Ross","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/image/8c5ee1d948a899f6d75d7547dc320800","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/83d7fdce3db8866cdbece07912fe2231?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/83d7fdce3db8866cdbece07912fe2231?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dan Ross"},"description":"After a 45-year career in professional writing and marketing, Dan Ross (@rosswords) was accredited by the U.S. Dept. of Justice to provide legal counseling for indigent refugees and other immigrants. He was formerly a principal of Wechsler Ross & Partners, a financial marketing and branding agency based in New York and London. 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style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2167172665-scaled-e1724757812912.jpg?fit=2560%2C1467&ssl=1); background-position:center center;"> <div class="overlay"></div> <div class="pagewidth pw1400"> <div class="title-wrap"> <h1>‘Good Moral Character?’ Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies </h1> </div> </div> </div><div class="columns-wrap pagewidth pw1400 clearfix"><div id="secondary-left" class="secondary"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/" title="Profile and articles by Edgar Chen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edgar Chen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Ross" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Ross</a></p><p class="date">August 28, 2024</p><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-98855" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-98855" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-98855" 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class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/citizenship/" rel="tag">citizenship</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/constitution/" rel="tag">Constitution</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/crime/" rel="tag">crime</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/donald-trump/" rel="tag">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/immigration/" rel="tag">Immigration</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/law-enforcement/" rel="tag">Law enforcement</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/refugee/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/rule-of-law/" rel="tag">Rule of Law</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/u-s-citizenship-and-immigration-services/" rel="tag">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a></p></div></div><main id="primary" tabindex="-1" class="content-body clearfix" role="main"><article class="client-ui clearfix"><div class="print-authors"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/" title="Profile and articles by Edgar Chen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edgar Chen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Ross" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Ross</a></p><p class="date">August 28, 2024</p></div><p>From the moment Donald Trump descended his gilded escalator to launch his first presidential campaign in 2015, impugning immigrants as criminals has been the centerpiece of his political identity. “They’re bringing drugs. They’re bringing crime. They’re rapists,” he <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/07/08/donald-trumps-false-comments-connecting-mexican-immigrants-and-crime/">said</a> that day.</p> <p>This year, “<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/02/29/trump-border-biden-migrant-crime/">migrant crime</a>” has become a cornerstone of Trump’s campaign. Moments after he became a convicted felon himself in May, Trump took the opportunity not only to attack the justice system but to single out immigrants as criminals, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/30/us/politics/donald-trump-trial-conviction.html">stating</a> that the country has “gone to hell” and blaming “millions and millions of people pouring into our country right now from prisons and from mental institutions, terrorists.”</p> <p>Such invective flagrantly mischaracterizes the U.S. immigration process. Notwithstanding <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/02/29/truth-about-illegal-immigration-crime/">evidence</a> that immigrants are generally more law-abiding than native-born Americans, the U.S. immigration system is preoccupied with barring criminal – or even <a href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2024-06-21/supreme-court-los-angeles-couple-denied-visa">suspected criminal</a> – conduct. These bars are so strict that Trump himself, were he an immigrant and subject to the same scrutiny as those he now maligns, would be at high risk of being either refused entry, denied a green card, or rejected for citizenship.</p> <p>Ironically, the U.S. political system sets lower standards for those who seek to lead the country than to join it. But an examination of Trump’s history through the prism of the U.S. immigration system is not just a hypothetical exercise. It demonstrates the stringency of the current system, the level of vetting to which immigrants are subject, and that Trump’s relentless equivalence of immigration with criminality is baseless.</p> <p>The authors of this analysis volunteer as immigration legal counselors. Every day, we help refugees, asylees, and other immigrants answer the myriad questions asked by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officers and by U.S. consular officials around the globe in application forms and interviews. (Note: This analysis represents the personal views of the authors, not those of any organizations we are affiliated with.)</p> <p>The following tables list the questions we have identified where Trump, were he an immigrant himself, could potentially be vulnerable. Through evidence from the public record, much of it documented in the <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92714/american-autocracy-threat-tracker/">American Autocracy Threat Tracker</a> published on <em>Just Security</em>, these charts illustrate the numerous and far-ranging ways that USCIS officials scrutinize applicants for potential threats to public safety and national security. These inquiries typically emerge at two key junctures:</p> <h2><strong>When seeking to enter or obtain a green card</strong></h2> <ul> <li>Applicants for an immigrant visa or lawful permanent residence (green card) must demonstrate they are not <a href="https://www.boundless.com/immigration-resources/grounds-of-inadmissibility-explained/">“inadmissible”</a> under U.S. laws or regulations barring those who may pose a risk to the health, national security, public safety, or foreign policy of the United States.<strong><br /> </strong></li> </ul> <h2><strong>When seeking to naturalize</strong></h2> <ul> <li>Applicants seeking to naturalize as a U.S. citizen must demonstrate “good moral character” (“GMC”) and attachment to the U.S. Constitution and form of government.</li> <li>GMC is less subjective than it sounds. To ensure that new citizens measure up to the “<a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-f-chapter-1">standards of average citizens of the community</a>,” a well-defined list of crimes has been developed. <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-f-chapter-4">Serious crimes</a> can bar applicants from GMC permanently; in addition to murder, these include gathering or <a href="https://www.justice.gov/storage/US-v-Trump-Nauta-De-Oliveira-23-80101.pdf">transmitting classified information</a>, <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2023/03/15/trumps-media-company-reportedly-under-federal-investigation-for-money-laundering-linked-to-russia/">money laundering</a>, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66465240">racketeering</a>, or <a href="https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-wins-landmark-victory-case-against-donald-trump">fraud over $10,000</a>. Lesser crimes can bar applicants from GMC for <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-f-chapter-5">three or five years</a>, such as <a href="https://apnews.com/article/trump-fraud-letitia-james-new-york-engoron-38bc3a7f2ccb22555c026e9bf70fd5bb">bank fraud</a>, <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/justice-department-alleges-trump-attempted-to-obstruct-federal-probe-of-documents">obstruction of justice</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/nyregion/trump-organization-trial-tax-fraud.html">defrauding the government</a>, certain kinds of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/women-accused-trump-sexual-misconduct-list-2017-12">sexual abuse</a>, and even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-melania-stormy-daniels-affairs-marriages-timeline-2018-3">adultery</a> if it leads to the breakup of a marriage.</li> <li><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-d-chapter-7">Attachment to the Constitution</a> has been defined by regulation as including, among other things, “<a href="https://www.voaafrica.com/a/trump-indicted-for-trying-to-block-peaceful-transfer-of-power/7207548.html">advocacy of peaceful change</a>” and “demonstrating an <a href="https://apnews.com/article/trump-2020-election-lies-debunked-4fc26546b07962fdbf9d66e739fbb50d">acceptance of the democratic, representational process</a> established by the Constitution.”</li> </ul> <p>If Trump were an immigrant, he would be asked about these topics repeatedly. His <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/30/nyregion/trump-convicted-hush-money-trial.html">34 felony convictions</a> would be just the tip of the iceberg. Any immigrant with his record of attempting to overturn the 2020 election, repeated endorsements of violence, civil findings of fraud and sexual abuse, attempts to undermine U.S. foreign policy, advocacy of sexual violence, history of alleged racial discrimination, and even his marital infidelity would run the risk of being denied immigration benefits.</p> <p>To be clear, answering “yes” to any of these questions would not automatically lead to a denial. Immigration law is complex; we make no predictions on how a hypothetical USCIS adjudicator would rule. However, Trump’s answers would likely be a red flag triggering further investigation into his background and character.</p> <p>In our analysis, we consider the same types of evidence that a USCIS adjudicator might consider. For example, immigrants must disclose all arrests or charges, including those resulting in acquittals. Immigration officers have access to law enforcement databases and <a href="https://www.aclu.org/cases/wagafe-v-uscis-lawsuit-challenging-secret-program-blocking-immigrant-applications?document=Appx-A-Doc-100-Pasquarella-Ex-35-Attachment-A-%E2%80%90-Guidance-for-Identifying-National-Security-Concerns">other sources</a> to ensure the veracity of applications. Visa applicants are even required to disclose <a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2023/09/federal-judge-upholds-state-department-rule-requiring-visa-applicants-disclose">social media handles</a> to screen for terrorism or criminal risks. Court convictions are not always necessary; merely <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-f-chapter-2#footnotelink-30">admitting</a> to the elements of certain crimes can render an applicant inadmissible or <a href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/us-celebrity-news/prince-harry-could-face-huge-32789854">preclude</a> a finding of good moral character. For some crimes, including money laundering and drug trafficking, the U.S. government can deem an immigrant inadmissible with mere <a href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?edition=prelim&num=0&req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title8-section1182">“reason to believe”</a> the applicant has engaged in such conduct, a standard akin to probable cause. Some applications such as for visas and green cards are considered discretionary and require a favorable judgment by an officer on the “<a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-1-part-e-chapter-8">totality of the circumstances</a>,” including any public safety or national security concerns. Furthermore, applicants like Trump with pending criminal charges, or those who are on probation, would not be allowed to become lawful permanent residents or to naturalize until those matters are fully resolved.</p> <p>Of course, Trump and his supporters would argue that his prosecutions are political. USCIS recognizes that <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-f-chapter-2#footnotelink-34">purely political offenses</a> should not be held against applicants. Refugees, asylees, and others who have fled persecution have often been subject to criminal charges in their home countries based on their political beliefs. USCIS would have to <a href="https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2023/0809/Trump-indictments-How-to-tell-if-they-re-political">evaluate</a> such claims on their merits (if any).</p> <p>In our years of assisting refugees, asylees, and others through the legal immigration process, we have never encountered an immigrant with anywhere close to Trump’s long record of indictments, arrests, convictions, criticisms of the United States’ constitutional order, and well-documented allegations of sexual misconduct and incitement to violence. Those we help are overwhelmingly law-abiding. Even those who have had brushes with the law must admit what they’ve done, knowing full well it could lead to delays or disqualification. We believe Trump should be held to the same high standards as the immigrants he constantly vilifies.</p> <h2><strong>Application for Green Card (<a href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-485.pdf">Form I-485, 04/21/2024 edition</a>)</strong></h2> <table style="height: 3527px;" width="852"> <tbody> <tr style="background-color: #2c7f96; color: #ffffff;"> <td><strong>Question</strong></td> <td><strong>Answer</strong></td> <td><strong>Evidence</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>25. Have you EVER been arrested, cited, charged, or detained for any reason by any law enforcement official?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>Trump has been <a href="https://www.politico.com/interactives/2023/trump-criminal-investigations-cases-tracker-list/">arrested and charged</a> in four state and federal cases, three of which* are still pending:</p> <ul style="font-size: 16px !important; font-style: italic; list-style-type: disc;"> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">New York v. Donald Trump</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">Georgia v. Donald Trump*</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">U.S. v. Donald Trump (D.D.C.)*</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">U.S. v. Donald Trump (S.D. Fl.)*</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>26. Have you EVER committed a crime of any kind (even if you were not arrested, cited, charged with, or tried for that crime)?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>In the <em>E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump</em> civil case, Trump was <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/07/19/trump-carroll-judge-rape/">found to have committed rape</a> but was not criminally charged. <a href="https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-wins-landmark-victory-case-against-donald-trump">Trump, his family, and the Trump Organization</a> were ordered to repay more than $450m for fraudulent gains in February. When the Trump Organization was convicted of tax evasion in 2022, prosecutors asserted that Trump <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/nyregion/trump-organization-trial-tax-fraud.html">personally approved</a> of the scheme. Trump was personally charged by state officials with persistent violations of the law in the <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/federal-court-approves-25-million-trump-university-settlement-n845181">Trump University scandal</a>, which was settled out of court without admission of wrongdoing. In July, Trump <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-logan-act-viktor-orban-meeting-1924738">met privately</a> with Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary, a potential violation of the Logan Act. Trump was also <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2024/08/02/trump-campaign-egypt-investigation/">investigated</a> for allegedly accepting an illegal $10m campaign contribution in cash from the government of Egypt, although the investigation was closed without charges being filed.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>27. Have you EVER pled guilty to or been convicted of a crime or offense?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>Trump was convicted on <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/05/30/nyregion/trump-trial-verdict">34 counts of falsifying business records</a> in <em>New York v. Donald Trump</em>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>28. Have you EVER been ordered punished by a judge or had conditions imposed on you that restrained your liberty (such as a prison sentence, suspended sentence, house arrest, parole, alternative sentencing, drug or alcohol treatment, rehabilitative programs or classes, probation, or community service)?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pending</td> <td>As of this writing, Trump is awaiting sentencing in <em>New York v. Donald Trump</em>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29. Have you EVER been a defendant or the accused in a criminal proceeding?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>Trump has been <a href="https://www.politico.com/interactives/2023/trump-criminal-investigations-cases-tracker-list/">arrested and charged</a> in four state and federal cases, three of which* are still pending:</p> <ul style="font-size: 16px !important; font-style: italic; list-style-type: disc;"> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">New York v. Donald Trump</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">Georgia v. Donald Trump*</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">U.S. v. Donald Trump (D.D.C.)*</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">U.S. v. Donald Trump (S.D. Fl.)*</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>31. Have you EVER been convicted of two or more offenses (other than purely political offenses) for which the combined sentences to confinement were five years or more?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pending</td> <td>Although sentences for multi-count offenses are usually imposed concurrently, Trump is still potentially subject to consecutive 4-year terms in <em>New York v. Trump</em> for each of the 34 counts on which he is awaiting sentencing.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>39. Have you EVER exercised immunity (diplomatic or otherwise) to avoid being prosecuted for a criminal offense in the United States?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>Trump has asserted near-blanket Presidential immunity to argue he cannot be prosecuted. His lawyers are now <a href="https://apnews.com/article/trump-immunity-hush-money-new-york-conviction-b67bafcb92b287933c6e6d54fc122117">pressing the judge</a> in <em>New York v. Donald Trump</em> to vacate his conviction arguing that the recent Supreme Court ruling on presidential immunity requires crucial evidence introduced during his trial to be excluded.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>45. Have you EVER engaged in money laundering or have you EVER knowingly aided, assisted, conspired, or colluded with others in money laundering or do you seek to enter the United States to engages in such activity?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Uncertain</td> <td>The answer to this question is known only to Trump and his closest business associates. While he and his enterprises have long been <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trumps-businesses-are-full-of-dirty-russian-money-the-scandal-is-thats-legal/2019/03/29/11b812da-5171-11e9-88a1-ed346f0ec94f_story.html">suspected</a> of connection to money laundering, they have denied these accusations. However, Trump Taj Mahal was <a href="https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-fines-trump-taj-mahal-casino-resort-10-million-significant-and-long">fined $10 million</a> in 2015 for lack of money laundering controls before it went bankrupt, and many of his known associates such as <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/10/31/us/politics/manafort-mueller-money-laundering-fraud.html">Paul Manafort</a>, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/09/08/steve-bannon-surrenders-to-manhattan-da-00055427">Steve Bannon</a>, various <a href="https://ips-dc.org/trumps-dirty-money/">Russian oligarchs</a> and other <a href="https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/corruption-and-money-laundering/narco-a-lago-panama/">international criminals</a> have been accused of or charged with money laundering. Neither a conviction nor formal charges are required; immigration officials may make a finding of inadmissibility if they have a <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/err/H2%2520-%2520Waiver%2520of%2520Inadmissibility%2520-%2520Criminal%2520-%2520212%2520(h)/Decisions_Issued_in_2021/AUG302021_01H2212.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjn5v-L9LOHAxVvCnkGHSfCDvEQFnoECBkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2uxBKbe0T92XeObRIg4TLV">reason to believe</a> that an applicant was involved in money laundering.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>46c. Do you intend to…engage in any activity whose purpose includes opposing, controlling, or overthrowing the U.S. Government by force, violence, or other unlawful means while in the United States?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Uncertain</td> <td>While Trump’s intentions are known only to himself, he made <a href="https://time.com/6972163/donald-trump-political-violence-interview-exclusive/">thinly veiled comments</a> to <em>Time</em> in April threatening political violence if he loses the 2024 election: “And if we don’t win, you know, it depends. It always depends on the fairness of an election.”</td> </tr> <tr> <td>47. Are you engaged in or, upon your entry into the United States, do you intend to engage in any activity that could have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States?</td> <td>Uncertain</td> <td>While anyone is entitled to advocate views that are contrary to long-established U.S. policies, Trump’s words and actions could have “potentially serious foreign policy consequences.” Earlier this year, Trump encouraged Russia to <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/10/politics/trump-russia-nato/index.html">“do whatever the hell they want”</a> to NATO countries. Famously, as president he <a href="https://www.npr.org/2020/01/16/796806517/trump-broke-the-law-in-freezing-ukraine-funds-watchdog-report-concludes">withheld military aid</a> from Ukraine when President Volodymyr Zelenskyy refused to investigate the Biden family, an action for which Trump was later impeached.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>48a. Have you EVER…committed, threatened to commit, attempted to commit, conspired to commit, incited, endorsed, advocated, planned, or prepared any of the following: hijacking, sabotage, kidnapping, political assassination, or use of a weapon or explosive to harm another individual or cause substantial damage to property?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Uncertain</td> <td>Among Trump’s activities on January 6th (see above), he allegedly <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/25/trump-expressed-support-hanging-pence-capitol-riot-jan-6-00035117">expressed support for rioters</a> threatening to “hang Mike Pence.” His tweet during the January 6th riot that “Mike Pence didn’t have the courage to do what should have been done” was also interpreted as a signal of support for the attempt to capture and hang Pence.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Have you EVER ordered, incited, called for, committed, assisted, helped with, or otherwise participated in any of the following:</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>58d. Engaging in any kind of sexual contact or relations with any person who did not consent or was unable to consent, or was being forced or threatened?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>In the <em>E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump</em> civil case, Trump was <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/07/19/trump-carroll-judge-rape/">found to have committed rape</a> but was not criminally charged. More than two dozen other women have accused Trump of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/women-accused-trump-sexual-misconduct-list-2017-12">sexual misconduct</a> including harassment, groping, and rape. While denying these charges, Trump famously admitted in the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/donald-trump-tape-transcript.html"><em>Access Hollywood</em> tape</a>, “You know, I’m automatically attracted to beautiful — I just start kissing them. It’s like a magnet. Just kiss. I don’t even wait. And when you’re a star, they let you do it. You can do anything….Grab ’em by the pussy. You can do anything.”</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>58e. Limiting or denying any person’s ability to exercise religious beliefs?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>Trump attempted to <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/09/15/fact-check-donald-trump-offered-6-m-stop-mosque-near-ground-zero/5791809002/">prevent the construction of a mosque</a> and Islamic community center in Lower Manhattan in 2017, by offering to buy a share of the project for $6 million. As President, in an attempt to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/18/us/travel-ban-blocked.html">fulfill his campaign promise</a> of a “<a href="https://www.npr.org/2015/12/07/458836388/trump-calls-for-total-and-complete-shutdown-of-muslims-entering-u-s">total and complete shutdown</a> of Muslims entering the United States,” he signed a series of executive orders <a href="https://immigrationhistory.org/item/muslim-travel-ban/">prohibiting otherwise lawful immigration</a> from numerous Muslim countries, thereby denying immigration benefits and family reunification based on religious belief.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2><strong>Application for Naturalization (<a href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/n-400.pdf">N-400, 04/01/2024 edition</a>)</strong></h2> <table style="height: 2653px;" width="857"> <tbody> <tr style="background-color: #2c7f96; color: #ffffff;"> <td><strong>Question</strong></td> <td><strong>Answer</strong></td> <td><strong>Evidence</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">5b. Have you EVER…advocated (supported and promoted) any of the following, or been a member of, involved in, or in any way associated with any group anywhere in the world that advocated any of the following:</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>The establishment in the United States of a totalitarian dictatorship</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Uncertain</td> <td>While his pronouncements may not rise to the level of totalitarianism, Trump evinced a tendency toward dictatorship when he reassured the New York Young Republicans last December that he would <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4352607-trump-doubles-down-on-dictator-remarks/">limit his dictatorial powers to a single day</a>: “I said I want to be a dictator for one day. You know why I wanted to be a dictator? Because I want a wall, and I want to drill, drill, drill.”</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>The overthrow by force or violence or other unconstitutional means of the Government of the United States or all forms of law</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pending</td> <td>As outlined in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/08/01/us/politics/trump-jan-6-indictment-2020-election-annotated.html"><em>U.S. v. Donald Trump</em></a>, Trump and his <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/01/politics/co-conspirators-trump-indictment/index.html">co-conspirators</a> allegedly attempted to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/03/us/politics/trump-raffensperger-call-georgia.html">change election results</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81939/timeline-false-electors/">submit false slates of electors</a>, stop <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/87435/an-overlooked-january-6-charge-the-stop-the-count-scheme/">vote counts</a> and <a href="https://www.americanoversight.org/investigation/the-january-6-attack-on-the-u-s-capitol">state certifications</a>, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/11/19/wayne-county-rescind-certifying-election/">persuade the Vice President to reject votes</a>, and send thousands of protestors to take over the Capitol on January 6th, 2021, to <a href="https://www.americanoversight.org/investigation/the-january-6-attack-on-the-u-s-capitol">prevent Congress from certifying the election</a>.</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>The unlawful assaulting or killing of any officer or officers of the Government of the United States or of any other organized government because of their official character</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pending</td> <td>Among the activities allegedly supported and promoted by Trump on January 6th (see above), approximately <a href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/36-months-jan-6-attack-capitol-0">140 officers</a> of the U.S. Capitol Police and D.C. Metropolitan Police Department were assaulted.</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>The unlawful damage, injury, or destruction of property</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pending</td> <td>As a result of the activities allegedly supported and promoted by Trump on January 6th (see above), damages <a href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/24-months-january-6-attack-capitol">estimated</a> at $2.7m were caused to the U.S. Capitol building and grounds.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Have you EVER ordered, incited, called for, committed, assisted, helped with, or otherwise participated in any of the following:</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>7d. Intentionally and severely injuring or trying to injure any person?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>Trump has <a href="https://www.axios.com/2022/05/02/trump-call-violence-presidency">advocated</a> violence on numerous occasions. In the 2016 campaign, he told supporters in Iowa to “<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/01/10/trump-often-passively-encourages-violence-actively-rationalizes-it/">knock the crap out of</a>” anti-Trump protesters. He said of a protester in Las Vegas, “I’d like to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/02/23/donald-trump-on-protester-id-like-to-punch-him-in-the-face/">punch him in the face</a>.” In 2020, Trump allegedly suggested to then-Defense Secretary Mark Esper, “<a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/05/09/1097517470/trump-esper-book-defense-secretary">can’t you just shoot them</a>?” referring to Black Lives Matter protesters.</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>7e. Any kind of sexual contact or activity with any person who did not consent (did not agree) or was unable to consent (could not agree), or was being forced or threatened by you or by someone else?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>In the <em>E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump</em> civil case, Trump was <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/07/19/trump-carroll-judge-rape/">found to have committed rape</a> but was not criminally charged. More than two dozen other women have accused Trump of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/women-accused-trump-sexual-misconduct-list-2017-12">sexual misconduct including harassment, groping and rape</a>, all of which he denies. In the <em>Access Hollywood</em> tape, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/donald-trump-tape-transcript.html">Trump said</a>: “You know, I’m automatically attracted to beautiful — I just start kissing them. It’s like a magnet. Just kiss. I don’t even wait. And when you’re a star, they let you do it. You can do anything….Grab ’em by the pussy. You can do anything.”</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #f7f9f9;"> <td>7g. Causing harm or suffering to any person because of their race, religion, national origin, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>In 1973, <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interactive/clinton-trump-keys-to-their-characters/pdf/trump-fha-complaint.pdf">the DOJ sued Donald Trump</a>, his father, and Trump Management Inc. alleging they “discriminated against persons because of race in the operations of their apartment buildings.” The case was settled without admission, in exchange for agreeing to change their rental practices. Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino also paid a $200,000 fine in 1992 for <a href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/10/19/Trump-Plaza-loses-appeal-of-discrimination-penalty/1911719467200/">removing Black and women dealers</a> from tables when gamblers objected.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15a. Have you EVER committed, agreed to commit, asked someone else to commit, helped commit, or tried to commit a crime or offense for which you were NOT arrested?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>In addition to the sexual misconduct described above, Trump has been accused of numerous crimes and found liable on civil charges for which no criminal charges were ever filed. <a href="https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-wins-landmark-victory-case-against-donald-trump">Trump, his family, and the Trump Organization</a> were ordered to repay more than $450m for fraudulent gains in February. When the Trump Organization was convicted of tax evasion in 2022, prosecutors asserted that Trump <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/nyregion/trump-organization-trial-tax-fraud.html">personally approved</a> of the scheme. Trump was personally charged by state officials with persistent violations of the law in the <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/federal-court-approves-25-million-trump-university-settlement-n845181">Trump University scandal</a>, which was settled out of court without admission of wrongdoing. In July, Trump <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-logan-act-viktor-orban-meeting-1924738">met privately</a> with Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary, a potential violation of the Logan Act. Trump was also <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2024/08/02/trump-campaign-egypt-investigation/">investigated</a> for allegedly accepting an illegal $10m campaign contribution in cash from the government of Egypt, although the investigation was closed without charges being filed.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15b. Have you EVER been arrested, cited, detained or confined by any law enforcement officer, military official (in the U.S. or elsewhere), or immigration official for any reason, or been charged with a crime?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>Trump has been <a href="https://www.politico.com/interactives/2023/trump-criminal-investigations-cases-tracker-list/">arrested and charged</a> in four state and federal cases, three of which* are still pending:</p> <ul style="font-size: 16px !important; font-style: italic; list-style-type: disc;"> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">New York v. Donald Trump</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">Georgia v. Donald Trump*</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">U.S. v. Donald Trump (D.D.C.)*</li> <li style="font-size: 16px !important;">U.S. v. Donald Trump (S.D. Fl)*</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>16. If you received a suspended sentence, were placed on probation, or were paroled, have you completed your suspended sentence, probation, or parole?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">No</td> <td>Trump is currently awaiting sentencing in <em>New York v. Donald Trump</em>. Even if he receives no jail time, a suspended sentence or probation would delay his eligibility for naturalization.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18. Have you EVER given any U.S. Government officials any information or documentation that was false, fraudulent, or misleading?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>In <em style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;">U.S. v. Trump</em><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;"> (S.D. Fl.), the classified documents case, Trump is charged with </span><a style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.flsd.648652/gov.uscourts.flsd.648652.85.0_2.pdf">causing his attorneys to submit false statements</a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;"> to the FBI. (Although the case is currently pending under an order of dismissal set for appeal, the challenge is on grounds other than these underlying facts.).</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td>24. Have you EVER applied for any kind of exemption from military service in the U.S. armed forces?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">Yes</td> <td>While attending the Wharton School of Finance in the Vietnam War era, Trump avoided military service through a <a style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/donald-trump-evades-specifics-on-his-draft-deferment-120330">medical deferment by claiming bone spurs</a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;"> on both heels.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td>31. Do you support the Constitution and form of Government of the United States?</td> <td style="text-align: center;">No</td> <td>Since leaving office in 2021, Trump has continued to express doubts about the U.S. Constitution and rule of law. He <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/03/politics/trump-constitution-truth-social/index.html">posted on Truth Social</a> in 2022 that “A Massive Fraud of this type and magnitude allows for the termination of all rules, regulations, and articles, even those found in the Constitution.” He has <a href="https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-investigations/trump-has-threatened-dozens-of-times-to-use-the-government-to-target-political-enemies/">threatened</a> to investigate and indict his political opponents, <a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/07/17/trump-rnc-2020-election-denial-january-6">appointed</a> election deniers to key positions, and <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/02/politics/election-results-trump-what-matters/index.html">refused</a> to commit to accepting future election results. His <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/11/politics/trump-despots-advisers-sound-alarm/index.html">repeated praise</a> for past and present autocratic rulers such as Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, Kim Jong Un, Viktor Orban, Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi (<a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/461375-trump-called-out-for-my-favorite-dictator-while-awaiting-egyptian/">“my favorite dictator</a>”), and even <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/07/trump-praised-hitler-to-john-kelly-new-book-claims.html">Adolf Hitler</a> further indicate his <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/14/opinions/trump-dictators-putin-xi-erdogan-ben-ghiat/index.html">loose attachment</a> to the U.S. system of government.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h6><em>IMAGE: U.S. Republican Presidential Candidate and former President Donald Trump speaks at the U.S.-Mexico border on August 22, 2024 south of Sierra Vista, Arizona. (Photo by Rebecca Noble/Getty Images)<br /> </em></h6> <div class="icon-end-post"></div><div class="mobile-post-tags"><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/citizenship/" rel="tag">citizenship</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/constitution/" rel="tag">Constitution</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/crime/" rel="tag">crime</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/donald-trump/" rel="tag">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/immigration/" rel="tag">Immigration</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/law-enforcement/" rel="tag">Law enforcement</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/refugee/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/rule-of-law/" rel="tag">Rule of Law</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/u-s-citizenship-and-immigration-services/" rel="tag">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a></p></div></div></article></main><div id="secondary-right" class="secondary" role="complementary"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-pm">Signups for A.M. & P.M. 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Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104130/rule-of-law-index-2024/">Rule of Law Index Shows Some Rays of Hope Amidst Continuing Global Recession</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/andersenelizabeth/" title="Profile and articles by Elizabeth Andersen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elizabeth Andersen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/evangelidesalicia/" title="Profile and articles by Alicia Evangelides" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alicia Evangelides</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104036/heat-map-january-6th-defendants-2/">Heat Map of January 6th Defendants Across the United States</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103956/proud-boys-threat-assessment/">Proud Boys Threat Assessment: From the Planning of January 6th to Future Scenarios</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103773/top-10-election-litigation/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Scott Adams</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 3rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103406/iran-israel-escalation/">Threats and Response Options in the Escalating Israel-Iran Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103380/un-future-pact-reform/">The UN’s New Pact for the Future: A Milestone That Can Set a Path for Change</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ponziorichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Ponzio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Ponzio</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103339/artificial-intelligence-at-2024-united-nations/">AI at UNGA79: Recapping Key Themes</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88039/trumps-legal-and-political-calendar-all-the-dates-you-need-to-know/">Master Calendar of Trump Court Dates: Criminal and Civil Cases</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Michael Kirby" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Hon. Michael Kirby</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/">‘Good Moral Character?’ Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/" title="Profile and articles by Edgar Chen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edgar Chen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Ross" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Ross</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99069/artificial-intelligence-democracy-effects/">Don’t Downplay Risks of AI for Democracy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nosselsuzanne/" title="Profile and articles by Suzanne Nossel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Suzanne Nossel</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98844/dont-sanction-icc/">Don’t Sanction the ICC for Doing its Job</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mayamichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Maya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Maya</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 27th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98895/presidential-immunity-congressional-contempt/">Presidential Immunity Decision May Have Implications for Congressional-Executive Divide on Criminal Contempt</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wrightandy/" title="Profile and articles by Andy Wright" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andy Wright</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/">Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/" title="Profile and articles by Chris O'Meara" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chris O'Meara</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98812/icc-amicus-brief-israel-palestine/">Expert Explainer: The US for the first time submits a formal brief to the International Criminal Court on the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/buchwaldtodd/" title="Profile and articles by Todd Buchwald" class="author url fn" rel="author">Todd Buchwald</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98787/icc-disability-slave-trade/">Time for the International Criminal Court to Recognize Persons with Disabilities and the Slave Trade</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lordjanet/" title="Profile and articles by Janet Lord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Janet Lord</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/schwarzpace/" title="Profile and articles by Pace Schwarz" class="author url fn" rel="author">Pace Schwarz</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/smithmatthew/" title="Profile and articles by Matthew "Hezzy" Smith" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew "Hezzy" Smith</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steinmichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Ashley Stein" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Ashley Stein</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greenalex/" title="Profile and articles by Alex Green" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alex Green</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kayessrosemary/" title="Profile and articles by Rosemary Kayess" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rosemary Kayess</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98801/podcast-international-law-israel-palestine/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Recent Response of International Law and Institutions in Palestine and Israel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/imseisardi/" title="Profile and articles by Ardi Imseis" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ardi Imseis</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hammourishahd/" title="Profile and articles by Shahd Hammouri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Shahd Hammouri</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kattanvictor/" title="Profile and articles by Victor Kattan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Victor Kattan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sirleafmatiangai/" title="Profile and articles by Matiangai Sirleaf" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matiangai Sirleaf</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98754/biden-end-iraq-war/">A Presidential Proclamation to End the Iraq War: Unilateral Executive Action to Defang a Zombie AUMF</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98733/ukraine-icc-ratification/">Unforced Error: Article 124 and the Regrettable Caveat to Ukraine’s Proposed Ratification of the ICC Statute</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Dannenbaum" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Dannenbaum</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98674/911-plea-deals-revoked/">Revoking the 9/11 Plea Deals: Human Rights Consequences</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/niaolainfionnuala/" title="Profile and articles by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98652/afghanistan-taliban-third-anniversary/">Collecting Just Security’s Afghanistan Coverage on Third Anniversary of Taliban Takeover</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98592/sudan-talks-deadlock/">Breaking the Deadlock: New Talks Needed to Help End Sudan’s Violence and Offer a Glimmer of Hope</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/abdulshafiquscondy/" title="Profile and articles by Quscondy Abdulshafi" class="author url fn" rel="author">Quscondy Abdulshafi</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 13th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98543/fara-sue-mi-terry/">The Perils of Expertise: How the DOJ Indictment of Sue Mi Terry Can Chill the Think Tank World</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/craiggregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory B. Craig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory B. Craig</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 12th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98501/israel-trans-border-torture/">Justice for Trans-border Torture Requires Rethinking the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction in the Israel-Palestine Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-natansmadar/" title="Profile and articles by Smadar Ben-Natan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Smadar Ben-Natan</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mannitamar/" title="Profile and articles by Itamar Mann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Itamar Mann</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98445/our-lives-depend-on-cloud/">Our Lives Depend on the Cloud. Now What?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pendletonjohn/" title="Profile and articles by John Pendleton" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Pendleton</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/leviteariel/" title="Profile and articles by Ariel Levite" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ariel Levite</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98429/security-council-report-isis-qaeda/">Wake Up Call: UN Security Council’s Report on ISIS and al-Qaeda</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98378/podcast-assessing-laws-of-war/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Laws of War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/droegecordula/" title="Profile and articles by Cordula Droege" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cordula Droege</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98313/podcast-hostage-policy/">The Just Security Podcast: The Evolution of U.S. Hostage Policy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/foleydiane/" title="Profile and articles by Diane Foley" class="author url fn" rel="author">Diane Foley</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hartigluke/" title="Profile and articles by Luke Hartig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Luke Hartig</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98273/the-aftermath-of-the-haniyeh-killing-how-to-avoid-a-new-middle-east-war/">The Aftermath of the Haniyeh Killing: How to Avoid a New Middle East War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98261/disability-think-differently-trump/">Donald Trump’s Dangerous Views on Disability and the Power to Think Differently</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97738/just-security-analysis-supreme-court/">Collecting Just Security’s Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Term</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98205/prudential-trump-v-united-states/">A Prudential Way Forward in <i>Trump v. United States</i></a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bobbittphilip/" title="Profile and articles by Philip Bobbitt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Philip Bobbitt</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98091/negotiations-with-iran-now/">Space May be Opening for Negotiations with Iran</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brewgregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory Brew" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory Brew</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98128/united-nations-pact-for-future/">What the Draft UN “Pact for the Future” Tells Us About International Insecurity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gowanrichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Gowan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Gowan</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98082/international-court-of-justices-call-on-all-states-to-end-israels-occupation-and-find-a-path-to-peace/">International Court of Justice’s Call on All States to End Israel’s Occupation and Find a Path to Peace</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nowrojeebinaifer/" title="Profile and articles by Binaifer Nowrojee" class="author url fn" rel="author">Binaifer Nowrojee</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel/"><i> United States v. Nixon </i> at Fifty: Why Judge Cannon Is Wrong About the Attorney General’s Authority to Select a Special Counsel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ledermanmarty/" title="Profile and articles by Marty Lederman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marty Lederman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 24th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97937/azerbaijan-arbitrary-detentions-host-cop29/">Azerbaijan’s Aliyev Extends Arbitrary Detentions Even as He Prepares to Host Global Climate Conference COP29</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovazhala/" title="Profile and articles by Zhala Bayramova" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zhala Bayramova</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovibad/" title="Profile and articles by Ibad Bayramov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ibad Bayramov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramliemin/" title="Profile and articles by Emin Bayramli" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emin Bayramli</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92714/american-autocracy-threat-tracker/">American Autocracy Threat Tracker</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-ghiatruth/" title="Profile and articles by Ruth Ben-Ghiat" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ruth Ben-Ghiat</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wattsiven/" title="Profile and articles by Siven Watt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Siven Watt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kolbjoshua/" title="Profile and articles by Joshua Kolb" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joshua Kolb</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/warrenandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Warren" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Warren</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kovacs-goodmanjacob/" title="Profile and articles by Jacob Kovacs-Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacob Kovacs-Goodman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barrilleauxfrancois/" title="Profile and articles by Francois Barrilleaux" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francois Barrilleaux</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97922/non-state-civilian-political-institutions/">Assessing the Civilian and Political Institutions of Armed Non-State Actors under International Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fortinkatharine/" title="Profile and articles by Katharine Fortin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katharine Fortin</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97826/state-departments-civilian-harm-incident-response/">The State Department’s Civilian Harm Incident Response Guidance: How to Make a Good Thing Better</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blahacharles/" title="Profile and articles by Charles O. (Cob) Blaha" class="author url fn" rel="author">Charles O. (Cob) Blaha</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97781/three-flaws-supreme-court-immunity/">Three Flaws in the Supreme Court’s Decision on Presidential Criminal Immunity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weissmannandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Weissmann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Weissmann</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97760/economic-security-presidential-power/">How ‘Economic Security’ is Re-shaping Presidential Power</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/claussenkathleen/" title="Profile and articles by Kathleen Claussen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kathleen Claussen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/meyertimothy/" title="Profile and articles by Timothy Meyer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Timothy Meyer</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 16th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Resources</h3></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-4" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Trackers</h3><div class="flexible-content posts clearfix" style="height:auto;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105064/mapping-state-reactions-icc/">Mapping State Reactions to the ICC Arrest Warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ingberrebecca/" title="Profile and articles by Rebecca Ingber" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rebecca Ingber</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100235/unga-79-expert-analysis-resources/">UNGA 79: Expert Analysis & Resources</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 19th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><aside id="js-scrolling-content-6" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Series</h3><div class="flexible-content posts custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:350px;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/95879/symposium-international-criminal-court-gaza/">A Symposium on the International Criminal Court and the Israel-Hamas War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96975/icc-prosecutor-policy-complementarity-cooperation/">Symposium: ICC Prosecutor Launches Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/uruenarene/" title="Profile and articles by René Urueña" class="author url fn" rel="author">René Urueña</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96881/symposium-on-ai-and-human-rights/">Introducing the Symposium on AI and Human Rights</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/peakejessica/" title="Profile and articles by Jessica Peake" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jessica Peake</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/94368/symposium-view-from-lviv/">Symposium: International Law in Ukraine – The View from Lviv</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Apr 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/90411/2024-and-beyond-just-securitys-us-election-protection-coverage/">2024 and Beyond: Just Security’s US Election Protection Coverage</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a 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class="date">Feb 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89838/the-future-of-atrocity-prevention-a-joint-symposium/">The Future of Atrocity Prevention: A Joint Symposium</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/whiddengwendolyn/" title="Profile and articles by Gwendolyn Whidden" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gwendolyn Whidden</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 31st, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89583/introduction-to-symposium-governing-artificial-intelligence-power-justice-and-the-limits-of-the-law/">Introducing the Symposium on AI Governance: Power, Justice, and the Limits of the Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 18th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a 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Among his previous work, he was Policy Director for the National Asian Pacific American Bar Association and continues to advise the organization on combating anti-Asian hate crimes and discrimination.</p> </div><div class="post-author-bio"><h4 title="Read bio and view posts by this author"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/">Dan <span>Ross</span></a></h4><p>After a 45-year career in professional writing and marketing, Dan Ross (<a href="https://twitter.com/rosswords">@rosswords</a>) was accredited by the U.S. Dept. of Justice to provide legal counseling for indigent refugees and other immigrants.</p> </div><p class="clearfix"> <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org" class="button has-icon icon-fa"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Send A Letter To The Editor </a> </p></div></div><div class="post-bottom-row related-posts clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>Read these related stories next:</h3></div><div class="primary archive-wrap"><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105176/birthright-citizenship-undocumented-immigrants/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/14th-amendment_cropped-e1732546714410.jpg?fit=756%2C491&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105176/birthright-citizenship-undocumented-immigrants/">Birthright Citizenship and Undocumented Immigrants</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sominilya/" title="Profile and articles by Ilya Somin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ilya Somin</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 25th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105179/disability-slavery-connection/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/GettyImages-1356708163-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C576&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105179/disability-slavery-connection/">Slavery Often Creates Disability – The International Criminal Court Should Address this Overlooked Connection</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mcinneskate/" title="Profile and articles by Kate McInnes" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kate McInnes</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 25th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105019/trump-ukraine-policy-peace-talks/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Zelenskyy-Trump-shaking-hands-scaled-e1732164790599.jpg?fit=768%2C282&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105019/trump-ukraine-policy-peace-talks/">To ‘End’ War in Ukraine, Trump Might Be Tougher on Putin Than Critics Think</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 21st, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104983/abu-ghraib-alien-tort-statute/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1937062-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C559&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104983/abu-ghraib-alien-tort-statute/">Abu Ghraib Torture Survivors’ Landmark Win Gives Hope for Alien Tort Statute Cases</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hathawayoona/" title="Profile and articles by Oona A. 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Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies