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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Canada–European Union relations">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Canada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations%22">"Canada–European Union relations"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Canada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Canada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Canada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Canada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Canada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Canada–European Union relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Canada_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of European Union and Canada"><img alt="Map indicating locations of European Union and Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/European_Union_Canada_Locator.svg/250px-European_Union_Canada_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/European_Union_Canada_Locator.svg/375px-European_Union_Canada_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/European_Union_Canada_Locator.svg/500px-European_Union_Canada_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey;color:inherit;"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;color:inherit;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/68px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/90px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey;color:inherit;">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Delegation_of_the_European_Union_to_Canada" title="Delegation of the European Union to Canada">European Union Delegation, Ottawa</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><a href="/wiki/Mission_of_Canada_to_the_European_Union" title="Mission of Canada to the European Union">Mission of Canada, Brussels</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Modern contemporary relations between <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) and its forerunners date back to the 1950s. While the relationship is primarily an economic one, there are also matters of political cooperation. Many Canadians are native speakers of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>; both being <a href="/wiki/European_language" class="mw-redirect" title="European language">European languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, several of local provincial and federal government offices of Canada practice <a href="/wiki/Official_bilingualism_in_Canada" title="Official bilingualism in Canada">official bilingualism</a> in these working languages. </p><p>Canada's relations with the European Union has been referred to by the 27 member-bloc as one of the European Union's "global strategic partners".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Overseas_countries_and_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">overseas territories of EU members</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a>) lie adjacent to Canadian territorial waters, as well as a land border with the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (via Greenland) on <a href="/wiki/Hans_Island" title="Hans Island">Hans Island</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Europe_relations" title="Canada–Europe relations">Canada–Europe relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Summit,_Vilnius.P061598-702204.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-702204.jpg/220px-NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-702204.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-702204.jpg/330px-NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-702204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-702204.jpg/440px-NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-702204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6076" data-file-height="4050" /></a><figcaption>Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> with President of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> in Vilnius, 12 July 2023</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s relationship with <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> is a result of the historical connections generated by <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a> and mass European <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">immigration to Canada</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Canada was first colonized by <a href="/wiki/Vinland" title="Vinland">Vikings</a> on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>, along with those of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>. However, centuries later in the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Age">Modern Age</a>, it would be mainly colonized by <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">France</a> and, after 1763, it formally joined the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> after its conquest in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. In addition, it also had colonial influence from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, plus southern <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> has extremely close relations with Canada, due to its British colonial past, and both being <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">realms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">the United Kingdom ceased to be a European Union member state</a> on 31 January 2020. Historically, Canada's <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_triangle" title="North Atlantic triangle">relations with the UK and the United States</a> were usually given priority over relations with <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>. Nevertheless, Canada had existing ties with European countries through the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Western alliance during the Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> before the creation of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comparisons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:10%;"> </th> <th style="width:45%;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </th> <th style="width:45%;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Population</b> </td> <td>449,206,579<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>38,436,447<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Area</b> </td> <td>4,324,782 km<sup>2</sup> (1,669,808 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9,984,670 km<sup>2</sup> (3,855,103 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Population Density</b> </td> <td>103/km<sup>2</sup> (268/sq mi) </td> <td>3.7/km<sup>2</sup> (9.6/sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Capital</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Global_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Global cities">Global cities</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montréal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Government</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/European_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="European treaties">European treaties</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democratic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>First Leader</b> </td> <td>High Authority President <a href="/wiki/Jean_Monnet" title="Jean Monnet">Jean Monnet</a> </td> <td>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John Alexander Macdonald</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Current Leader</b> </td> <td>Council President <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa" title="António Costa">António Costa</a><br /> Commission President <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a><br /> Parliament President <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a> </td> <td>King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><br />Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Official languages</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the EU">24 official languages</a>, of which 3 considered "procedural" (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Official_Languages_Act_(Canada)" title="Official Languages Act (Canada)">Official Languages Act 1969</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Main religions</b> </td> <td>72% Christianity (48% <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>, 12% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>,<br /> 8% <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>, 4% Other Christianity),<br /> 23% non-Religious, 3% Other, 2% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> </td> <td>67.3% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, 23.9% Unaffiliated, 3.2% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, 1.4% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, 1.1% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ethnic groups</b> </td> <td>Germans (ca. 80 million), French (ca. 67 million),<br /> Italians (ca. 60 million), Spanish (ca. 47 million), Poles (ca. 46 million),<br /> Romanians (ca. 18 million), Dutch (ca. 13 million), Greeks (ca. 11 million),<br /> Portuguese (ca. 11 million), <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">and others</a> </td> <td>74.3% <a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European</a><br />14.5% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Canadians" title="Asian Canadians">Asian</a><br />5.1% <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Canadians">Indigenous</a><br />3.4% <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Canadians" title="Latin American Canadians">Caribbean and Latin American</a><br />2.9% <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">African</a><br />0.2% <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceanian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>GDP (nominal)</b> </td> <td>$16.477 trillion, $31,801 per capita<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>$1.793 trillion, $50,577 per capita<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada's_foreign_relations_with_EU_member_states"><span id="Canada.27s_foreign_relations_with_EU_member_states"></span>Canada's foreign relations with EU member states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Canada's foreign relations with EU member states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member state of the European Union</a></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Austria–Canada relations">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Belgium–Canada relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Bulgaria–Canada relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Croatia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada–Croatia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations" title="Canada–Cyprus relations">Cyprus</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="Canada–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="Canada–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Estonia_relations" title="Canada–Estonia relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="Canada–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93France_relations" title="Canada–France relations">France</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Canada–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="Canada–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="Canada–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Canada–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Canada–Italy relations">Italy</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Latvia_relations" title="Canada–Latvia relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Canada–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Malta_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Canada–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Canada–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Canada–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Canada–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Canada–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Canada–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Canada–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agreements">Agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of Canada's relations with the EU is best documented in a series of economic agreements: </p><p>In 1976, the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC) and Canada signed a Framework Agreement on Economic Co-operation, the first formal agreement of its kind between the EEC and an industrialized third country. Also in 1976 the <a href="/wiki/Delegation_of_the_European_Commission_to_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegation of the European Commission to Canada">Delegation of the European Commission to Canada</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>. </p><p>In 1990, European and Canadian leaders adopted a Declaration on <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_relations" title="Transatlantic relations">Transatlantic Relations</a>, extending the scope of their contacts and establishing regular meetings at Summit and Ministerial level. </p><p>In 1996, a new Political Declaration on EU-Canada Relations was made at the Ottawa Summit, adopting a joint Action Plan identifying additional specific areas for co-operation. </p><p>On 30 October 2016, the "Strategic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Canada, of the other part" was signed in Brussels.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This agreement seeks to deepen political dialogue and cooperation between the EU and Canada and to strengthen relations in fields such as human rights, international peace and security, economic and sustainable development, justice, freedom and security. The agreement provisionally entered into force on 1 April 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada–EU_Free_Trade_Agreement"><span id="Canada.E2.80.93EU_Free_Trade_Agreement"></span>Canada–EU Free Trade Agreement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada–EU Free Trade Agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement</a></div> <p>Since as early as June 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> had been pressuring the EU and its member countries to negotiate a Canada-EU <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former French prime minister <a href="/wiki/Edouard_Balladur" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Balladur">Edouard Balladur</a> supported the idea, while former Canadian trade negotiator Michael Hart called the idea "silly."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canada Europe Roundtable for Business (CERT), founded in 1999, had been a principal advocate for a free trade agreement supported by more than 100 Canadian and European chief executives. CERT was co-chaired by former Canadian trade minister Roy MacLaren and former editor of <i>The Economist</i> magazine Bill Emmott.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2009, <a href="/wiki/EU_Trade_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Trade Commissioner">EU Trade Commissioner</a> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade (Canada)">Canadian Minister of International Trade</a> <a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a> released a joint statement regarding the start of negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA).<sup id="cite_ref-EU_and_Canada_start_negotiations_for_economic_and_trade_agreement_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU_and_Canada_start_negotiations_for_economic_and_trade_agreement-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minister Day stated "This first meeting represents a solid step toward a historic economic agreement between Canada and Europe. These negotiations are a priority for our government."<sup id="cite_ref-EU_and_Canada_start_negotiations_for_economic_and_trade_agreement_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU_and_Canada_start_negotiations_for_economic_and_trade_agreement-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canada and the EU remained at odds over an EU ban on importing <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> products and Canada's visa requirement for the EU citizens of the <a href="/wiki/EU_member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="EU member states">EU member states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CETA has been provisionally applied since September 2017. See the article <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement</a> for details of compromises made. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy_cooperation">Energy cooperation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Energy cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023 Canada and the European Union held a summit in <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> and established a framework for joint <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> development known as the <i>Canada–European Union Green Alliance</i> with stated goals to develop shared means for science and technology standards and cooperation as well as climate and environmental protection concerning their net-zero ambitions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potential_EU_membership">Potential EU membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Potential EU membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential enlargement of the European Union</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Talk:Canada–European Union relations">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since 2005, several European and Canadian editorialists have considered that <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> could join the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU).<sup id="cite_ref-Spiegel_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spiegel-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents argue that, unlike the rest of countries of the Americas, the cultural and political values of Canadians and Europeans have much in common, and that Canadian membership would strengthen both sides politically and economically.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While conceding that Canada, located in <a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> are over 3,000 km (1,900 mi) distant, being separated by the North <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>, proponents note that the EU already has a member outside Europe, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, that is geographically in <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>. In addition, Canada is the closest American sovereign country to the European continent, specifically to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>. This could become much more relevant if <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> <a href="/wiki/Greenland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenland–European Union relations">joined the European Union again</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The EU and Canada enjoy a very close and friendly strategic partnership. The Delegation of the EU to Canada, in close cooperation with the missions of EU countries, promotes European culture year-round through a number of well-established public diplomacy activities. These events have been effective in increasing the knowledge and understanding of the EU and its relations with Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Canada was proposed to join the EU's <a href="/wiki/Horizon_Europe" title="Horizon Europe">Horizon Europe</a> scientific research initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Canada is a member of the Council of the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">CETA</a> is possibly the farthest-reaching FTA between the EU and a third country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Because of the nature of <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">CETA</a>, some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2020)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> have said that it would not be that far of a leap to EU membership. There have not been any polls conducted on the opinions of Europeans or Canadians regarding closer relations and EU membership. Canadian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> would help to strengthen the Francophone bloc in the EU together with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> (EU membership may also help to curb <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">separatist sentiments in Quebec</a>). Canada can also bring an Anglophone bloc to the EU after <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>. In addition, it may decrease Canadian dependence on the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> regarding trade and security. It would also easily meet the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Criteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen Criteria">Copenhagen Criteria</a> for EU membership. Additionally, the EU is Canada's second-largest trading partner. Canadian and EU officials have not yet commented on this.<sup id="cite_ref-Spiegel_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spiegel-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, the constant <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">trade disputes with China</a> and between the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">North American countries</a>, plus the <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, have opened a debate about the possibility of Canada's membership to the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 23, 2025, following the <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">second inauguration of Donald Trump</a>, former German foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Gabriel" title="Sigmar Gabriel">Sigmar Gabriel</a> proposed admitting Canada into the EU, emphasizing Europe's need to look for new allies in light of Trump's second term in office.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, <a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada_and_Mexico" title="2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico">a trade war between United States and Canada</a> heightened public discussion about Canada joining the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a post on X, former Belgian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a> advocated for Canada's membership into the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_conflict">Areas of conflict</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Areas of conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/European_Union_ban_on_seal_products" title="European Union ban on seal products">European Union ban on seal products</a></div> <p>There is an ongoing tension over the EU ban on the import of seal products. This was thought to be a motivating factor in Canada's efforts to block the EU's efforts to join the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canada has also had bilateral territorial disputes with EU member states (see: <a href="/wiki/Turbot_War" title="Turbot War">Turbot War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_the_Arctic" title="Territorial claims in the Arctic">Territorial claims in the Arctic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93France_Maritime_Boundary_Case" title="Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case">Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travel">Travel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Travel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Canada" title="Visa policy of Canada">Visa policy of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></div> <p>At present, As of 2025 January 31<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_passport" title="Canadian passport">Canadian passport</a> holders are not required to obtain a visa for visits to the European Union's main <a href="/wiki/Schengen_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Schengen area">Schengen area</a> regarding stays of upto 90-days within any single 180-day span of time.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union passport">European Union passport</a> holders may be allowed visits up to 180-days to Canada. Canadian passport holders will be required (starting in mid-2025), to obtain an approved <a href="/wiki/Visa_waiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa waiver">visa waiver</a> through the <a href="/wiki/European_Travel_Information_and_Authorization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Travel Information and Authorization System">European Travel Information and Authorization System</a> (ETIAS); while EU passport holders need to similarly secure current <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Travel_Authorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Travel Authorization">Electronic Travel Authorization</a> (eTA) to negotiate their rights of travel to Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-EC_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EC_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Migration">Migration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Migrant Integration Policy Index, published in 2020 the Canadian market was ranked to have an average score of 80%, with ranges between 50-100% in several key factors in relation to ease for migrants. Canada's lowest ranked area of 'halfway favourability' being political participation at 50 percent, and the greatest area of favourability being <i>Anti-Discrimination</i> at 100 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The EU sponsored index ranked each of the EU states individually. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegation_of_the_European_Commission_to_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegation of the European Commission to Canada">Delegation of the European Commission to Canada</a> (Ottawa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">European Union–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="European Union–United States relations">European Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Canada_to_the_European_Union" title="List of ambassadors of Canada to the European Union">List of ambassadors of Canada to the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_of_Canada_to_the_European_Union" title="Mission of Canada to the European Union">Mission of Canada to the European Union</a> (Brussels)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada in World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFwriter2024" class="citation web cs1">writer, Staff (14 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/official-languages-bilingualism/publications/statistics.html">"Statistics on official languages in Canada"</a>. Canadian Heritage. <i>www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage</i>. Government of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fcanadian-heritage&rft.atitle=Statistics+on+official+languages+in+Canada&rft.date=2024-08-14&rft.aulast=writer&rft.aufirst=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fcanadian-heritage%2Fservices%2Fofficial-languages-bilingualism%2Fpublications%2Fstatistics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeam2021" class="citation web cs1">Team, Editorial (30 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/canada/european-union-and-canada_en">"Relations with the EU: The European Union and Canada"</a>. Delegation of the European Union to Canada. <i>www.eeas.europa.eu</i>. European External Action Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2025</span>. <q>Canada and the EU share the same goals, values and a common world view. As one of EU's global strategic partners, Canada works closely with the EU towards further deepening effective, mutually-beneficial political and economic cooperation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eeas.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Relations+with+the+EU%3A+The+European+Union+and+Canada&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=Editorial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeas.europa.eu%2Fcanada%2Feuropean-union-and-canada_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Population+on+1+January&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftps00001%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2021" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-12-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">"Population estimates, quarterly"</a>. <i>www150.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www150.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Population+estimates%2C+quarterly&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D1710000901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003039/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">"Field Listing – Area"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">the original</a> on June 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Field+Listing+%E2%80%93+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2147.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cities ranked "alpha" in 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html">https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150121194228/http://www.formermembers.eu/DocDownload.asp?ID=B488944A4D07060002CF">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.formermembers.eu/DocDownload.asp?ID%3DB488944A4D07060002CF">the original</a> on January 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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European Commission of the EU<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2025</span>. <q>This is a general overview - for more details contact the embassy or consulate of your main destination country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=home-affairs.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Applying+for+a+Schengen+visa&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.aulast=writer&rft.aufirst=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome-affairs.ec.europa.eu%2Fpolicies%2Fschengen-borders-and-visa%2Fvisa-policy%2Fapplying-schengen-visa_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwriter2024" class="citation web cs1">writer, Staff (13 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ircc.canada.ca/english/visit/visas.asp">"Find out if you need a visa to travel to Canada"</a>. Immigration and citizenship. <i>ircc.canada.ca</i>. Government of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2025</span>. <q>Most people need a visa or an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to travel to Canada - not both. Some people may only need their valid passport. Answer a few questions to see what's right for you.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ircc.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Find+out+if+you+need+a+visa+to+travel+to+Canada&rft.date=2024-09-13&rft.aulast=writer&rft.aufirst=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fircc.canada.ca%2Fenglish%2Fvisit%2Fvisas.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolanoHuddleston2020" class="citation book cs1">Solano, Giacomo; Huddleston, Thomas (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mipex.eu/canada"><i>Key Findings - Canada, 2019</i></a> (2020 ed.). CIDOB and the Migration Policy Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-92511-83-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-92511-83-9"><bdi>978-84-92511-83-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Key+Findings+-+Canada%2C+2019&rft.edition=2020&rft.pub=CIDOB+and+the+Migration+Policy+Group&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-84-92511-83-9&rft.aulast=Solano&rft.aufirst=Giacomo&rft.au=Huddleston%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mipex.eu%2Fcanada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanada%E2%80%93European+Union+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/canada_en">Delegation of the European Commission to Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/640/canada-and-eu_en">The EU's relations with Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/eu-ue/">Mission of Canada to the European Union</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20160213050231/http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/eu-ue/can-eu-report-intro-can-ue-rapport-intro.aspx">Canada - EU: Negotiations Towards a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706073434/http://eu-canada.org/">Resource for information on EU-Canada Relations from University of British Columbia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/infographics/tradeflows/public/partners.html?country=ca">Trade information between EU and Canada</a>, Animated infographic, European Parliamentary Research Service</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Template:Foreign relations of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Canada98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bilateral_relations98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Algeria–Canada relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Burkina Faso–Canada relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="Canada–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Egypt_relations" title="Canada–Egypt relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Canada–Ethiopia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="Canada–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Canada–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="Canada–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="Canada–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="Canada–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Canada–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="Canada–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Canada–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Canada–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="Canada–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Canada–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Argentina–Canada relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Barbados–Canada relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Brazil–Canada relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Chile_relations" title="Canada–Chile relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="Canada–Colombia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Cuba_relations" title="Canada–Cuba relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Dominican_Republic_relations" title="Canada–Dominican Republic relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93El_Salvador_relations" title="Canada–El Salvador relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Grenada_relations" title="Canada–Grenada relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="Canada–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="Canada–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Canada–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Canada–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Canada–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Canada–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Canada–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Canada–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Afghanistan–Canada relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Armenia–Canada relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Canada relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Bangladesh–Canada relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan-Canada_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhutan-Canada relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Brunei–Canada relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Cambodia–Canada relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_relations" title="Canada–Hong Kong relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Georgia_relations" title="Canada–Georgia relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Canada–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Canada–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Canada–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="Canada–Iraq relations">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Kurdistan_Region_relations" title="Canada–Kurdistan Region relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Canada–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Canada–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="Canada–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Canada–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Canada–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="Canada–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="Canada–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Canada–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Canada–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Canada–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Canada–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Canada–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Canada–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Canada–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Canada–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Canada–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Canada–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Canada–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Canada–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Canada–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Canada–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Albania–Canada relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Austria–Canada relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Belgium–Canada relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Canada relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Bulgaria–Canada relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations" title="Canada–Cyprus relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="Canada–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="Canada–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="Canada–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93France_relations" title="Canada–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Canada–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="Canada–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Canada–Holy See relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="Canada–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Iceland_relations" title="Canada–Iceland relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Canada–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Canada–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Latvia_relations" title="Canada–Latvia relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Canada–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="Canada–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Canada–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Canada–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Canada–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Canada–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Canada–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Canada–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Canada–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Canada–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Canada–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Canada–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Canada–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Canada–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Canada–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_relations" title="Canada–Turks and Caicos Islands relations">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Australia–Canada relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Canada–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Canada–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Canada–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Africa–Canada relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Asia–Canada relations">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Caribbean_relations" title="Canada–Caribbean relations">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Canada–Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Europe_relations" title="Canada–Europe relations">Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_organization_membership_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="International organization membership of Canada">International organizations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93NATO_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD" title="NORAD">NORAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_United_Nations" title="Canada and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy_and_other_topics98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and other topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_foreign_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Canadian foreign relations">History of Canadian foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_Cold_War" title="Canada in the Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Vietnam_War" title="Canada and the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_role_in_the_War_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada's role in the War in Afghanistan">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Iraq_War" title="Canada and the Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_mining_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Canadian mining in Latin America and the Caribbean">Mining in Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_trade_relations" title="Canada–United States trade relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_diplomats" title="Category:Canadian diplomats">Canadian diplomats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Canada" title="List of diplomatic missions of Canada">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Canada" title="List of diplomatic missions in Canada">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Canada" title="Category:Treaties of Canada">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Affairs_Canada" title="Global Affairs Canada">Global Affairs Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union156" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union156" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bilateral_relations156" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="See_also:_Economic_relationships_with_third_countries273"><i>See also</i>: <a href="/wiki/Third-country_economic_relationships_with_the_European_Union" title="Third-country economic relationships with the European Union">Economic relationships with third countries</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria-European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria-European Union relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Cape Verde–European Union relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Egypt–European Union relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Libya–European Union relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Morocco–European Union relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="South Africa–European Union relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="European Union–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Tunisia–European Union relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Argentina–European Union relations">Argentina</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Argentina_foreign_trade_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Argentina foreign trade relations with the European Union">trade</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Colombia–European Union relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Cuba–European Union relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_and_the_European_Union" title="Greenland and the European Union">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Mexico–European Union relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="European Union–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Uruguay–European Union relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Bahrain–European Union relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Bangladesh–European Union relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="India–European Union relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Indonesia–European Union relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iran–European Union relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iraq–European Union relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Israel–European Union relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Jordan–European Union relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Lebanon–European Union relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Malaysia–European Union relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Nepal–European Union relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="North Korea–European Union relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Pakistan–European Union relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Palestine–European Union relations">Palestine</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Philippines–European Union relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="South Korea–European Union relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Syria–European Union relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Taiwan–European Union relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Vietnam–European Union relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Yemen–European Union relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Andorra–European Union relations">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Armenia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Armenia to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Azerbaijan–European Union relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands_and_the_European_Union" title="Faroe Islands and the European Union">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cyprus and the European Union">Northern Cyprus</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="San Marino–European Union relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">Turkey</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Micronesia–European Union relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="New Zealand–European Union relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–European Union relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Overseas territories of member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">European microstates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_European_Union" title="List of the largest trading partners of the European Union">Largest trading partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">Association Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Sanctions">European Union Sanctions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>†= Disputed state, may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations_and_initiatives156" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations and initiatives</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Arab League–European Union relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights">ECHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_G7" title="European Union and the G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="European Union and the International Criminal Court">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_Mission_of_the_Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation_to_the_European_Union" title="Permanent Observer Mission of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to the European Union">IOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Mercosur_relations" title="European Union–Mercosur relations">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">UN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Latin_American_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly">Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_free_trade_area" title="Euro-Mediterranean free trade area">Euro-Mediterranean free trade area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro-Mediterranean Partnership">Euro-Mediterranean Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_CBRN_Risk_Mitigation_CoE_Initiative" title="EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative">EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Administration_and_policies156" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administration and policies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;"><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Foreign and Security Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Security and Defence Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Aid_and_Civil_Protection_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department">Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_International_Cooperation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development">Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs">Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_Instruments_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy Instruments Service">Foreign Policy Instruments Service</a></li> <li>Diplomatic missions <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of diplomatic missions of the European Union">of the EU</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors of the European Union">ambassadors</a>) / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Belgium#Missions_to_the_European_Union" title="List of diplomatic missions in Belgium">to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Special_Representative" title="European Union Special Representative">Special Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Europe">Global Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template talk:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_of_the_European_Union4613" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_the_European_Union_Military_Staff" title="Director General of the European Union Military Staff">Director General of the Military Staff/Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_European_Union_Military_Committee" title="Chairman of the European Union Military Committee">Chairman of the Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Structure of the Common Security and Defence Policy">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (<a href="/wiki/Military_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Military Planning and Conduct Capability">Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a> within the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">Military Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Coordination_Cell" title="Joint Support Coordination Cell">Joint Support Coordination Cell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Intelligence_and_Situation_Centre" title="European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre">Intelligence and Situation Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Club_de_Berne" title="Club de Berne">Club de Berne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Management_and_Planning_Directorate_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (European Union)">Crisis Management and Planning Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_College" title="European Security and Defence College">Security & Defence College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">Defence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Institute_for_Security_Studies" title="European Union Institute for Security Studies">Institute for Security Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">Satellite Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Council</a> preparatory bodies</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">Committee of Permanent Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politico-Military_Group" title="Politico-Military Group">Politico-Military Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Civilian_Aspects_of_Crisis_Management" title="Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management">Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> bodies</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Defence_Industry_and_Space" title="Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space">Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Funding</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Fund" title="European Defence Fund">Defence Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_Strategy" title="European Security Strategy">Security Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_but_Arms" title="Everything but Arms">Everything but Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Annual_Review_on_Defence" title="Coordinated Annual Review on Defence">Annual Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Secure_Software-defined_Radio" title="European Secure Software-defined Radio">Secure Software-defined Radio</a> (PESCO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Service medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Medal for Extraordinary Meritorious Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community_Monitor_Mission_Medal" title="European Community Monitor Mission Medal">Monitor mission medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headline_Goal_2010" title="Headline Goal 2010">Headline Goal 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Erasmus" title="Military Erasmus">Military Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Mobility" title="Military Mobility">Military Mobility</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Union_Intelligence_School" title="Joint European Union Intelligence School">Intelligence School</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kortenberg_building" title="Kortenberg building">Kortenberg building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">NATO relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berlin_Plus_agreement" title="Berlin Plus agreement">Berlin Plus agreement</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Declaration_on_EU-NATO_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Declaration on EU-NATO Cooperation (page does not exist)">Joint Declaration</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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