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class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عضلة مائلة خارجية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عضلة مائلة خارجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Външен кос коремен мускул – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Външен кос коремен мускул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAscul_oblic_major_de_l%27abdomen" title="Múscul oblic major de l'abdomen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Múscul oblic major de l'abdomen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skr%C3%A5_ydre_bugmuskel" title="Skrå ydre bugmuskel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skrå ydre bugmuskel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_obliquus_externus_abdominis" title="Musculus obliquus externus abdominis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Musculus obliquus externus abdominis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_oblicuo_externo_del_abdomen" title="Músculo oblicuo externo del abdomen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Músculo oblicuo externo del abdomen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomeneko_kanpoko_muskulu_zeihar" title="Abdomeneko kanpoko muskulu zeihar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abdomeneko kanpoko muskulu zeihar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%85" title="ماهیچه مایل بیرونی شکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهیچه مایل بیرونی شکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_oblique_externe_de_l%27abdomen" title="Muscle oblique externe de l'abdomen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muscle oblique externe de l'abdomen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_oblicuo_externo" title="Músculo oblicuo externo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Músculo oblicuo externo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EB%B0%94%EA%B9%A5%EB%B9%97%EA%B7%BC" title="배바깥빗근 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배바깥빗근" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%84_%D5%B4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Որովայնի արտաքին թեք մկան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Որովայնի արտաքին թեք մկան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanjski_kosi_trbu%C5%A1ni_mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Vanjski kosi trbušni mišić – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vanjski kosi trbušni mišić" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscolo_obliquo_esterno" title="Muscolo obliquo esterno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muscolo obliquo esterno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="שריר הבטן המלוכסן החיצוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שריר הבטן המלוכסן החיצוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_obliquus_externus_abdominis" title="Musculus obliquus externus abdominis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Musculus obliquus externus abdominis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_obliquus_externus_abdominis" title="Musculus obliquus externus abdominis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Musculus obliquus externus abdominis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%85%B9%E6%96%9C%E7%AD%8B" title="外腹斜筋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="外腹斜筋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_ytre_skr%C3%A5_bukmuskel" title="Den ytre skrå bukmuskel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den ytre skrå bukmuskel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_sko%C5%9Bny_zewn%C4%99trzny_brzucha" title="Mięsień skośny zewnętrzny brzucha – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mięsień skośny zewnętrzny brzucha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_obl%C3%ADquo_externo_do_abdome" title="Músculo oblíquo externo do abdome – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Músculo oblíquo externo do abdome" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Наружная косая мышца живота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наружная косая мышца живота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vonkaj%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C5%A1ikm%C3%BD_sval_brucha" title="Vonkajší šikmý sval brucha – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vonkajší šikmý sval brucha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunanja_po%C5%A1evna_trebu%C5%A1na_mi%C5%A1ica" title="Zunanja poševna trebušna mišica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zunanja poševna trebušna mišica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulompi_vino_vatsalihas" title="Ulompi vino vatsalihas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ulompi vino vatsalihas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttre_sneda_bukmuskeln" title="Yttre sneda bukmuskeln – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yttre sneda bukmuskeln" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зовнішній косий м'яз живота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зовнішній косий м'яз живота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%96%9C%E8%82%8C" title="腹外斜肌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腹外斜肌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Abdominal+external+oblique+muscle%22">"Abdominal external oblique muscle"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Abdominal+external+oblique+muscle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Abdominal+external+oblique+muscle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Abdominal+external+oblique+muscle%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Abdominal+external+oblique+muscle%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Abdominal+external+oblique+muscle%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:antiquewhite">Abdominal external oblique muscle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg/300px-Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg/450px-Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Muscles of the trunk.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray392.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gray392.png/300px-Gray392.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gray392.png/450px-Gray392.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Gray392.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The abdominal external oblique muscle</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Origin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribs">Ribs</a> 5-12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Insertion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xiphoid_process" title="Xiphoid process">Xiphoid process</a>, outer lip of the <a href="/wiki/Iliac_crest" title="Iliac crest">iliac crest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pubic_crest" title="Pubic crest">pubic crest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pubic_tubercle" title="Pubic tubercle">pubic tubercle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linea_alba_(abdomen)" title="Linea alba (abdomen)">linea alba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inguinal_ligament" title="Inguinal ligament">inguinal ligament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anterior_superior_iliac_spine" title="Anterior superior iliac spine">anterior superior iliac spine</a> (ASIS)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thoraco-abdominal_nerves" title="Thoraco-abdominal nerves">Thoraco-abdominal nerves</a> (T7-11) and <a href="/wiki/Subcostal_nerve" title="Subcostal nerve">subcostal nerve</a> (T12)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" title="Anatomical terms of motion">Actions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Flexion of the <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">torso</a> and contralateral rotation of torso</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>musculus obliquus externus abdominis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/04.5.01.008%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A04.5.01.008</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2364">2364</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma13335">13335</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Anatomical terms of muscle</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746123" class="extiw" title="d:Q746123">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>abdominal external oblique muscle</b> (also <b>external oblique muscle</b> or <b>exterior oblique</b>) is the largest and outermost of the three flat <a href="/wiki/Abdomen#Muscles" title="Abdomen">abdominal muscles</a> of the lateral anterior abdomen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The external oblique is situated on the lateral and anterior parts of the <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a>. It is broad, thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, its muscular portion occupying the side, its <a href="/wiki/Aponeurosis" title="Aponeurosis">aponeurosis</a> the anterior wall of the abdomen. In most humans, the oblique is not visible, due to subcutaneous <a href="/wiki/Adipose" class="mw-redirect" title="Adipose">fat</a> deposits and the small size of the muscle. </p><p>It arises from eight fleshy digitations, each from the external surfaces and inferior borders of the fifth to twelfth ribs (lower eight ribs). These digitations are arranged in an oblique line which runs inferiorly and anteriorly, with the upper digitations being attached close to the cartilages of the corresponding ribs, the lowest to the apex of the cartilage of the last rib, the intermediate ones to the ribs at some distance from their cartilages. </p><p>The five superior serrations increase in size from above downward, and are received between corresponding processes of the <a href="/wiki/Serratus_anterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Serratus anterior">serratus anterior</a> muscle; the three lower ones diminish in size from above downward and receive between them corresponding processes from the <a href="/wiki/Latissimus_dorsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Latissimus dorsi">latissimus dorsi</a>. From these attachments the fleshy fibers proceed in various directions. Its posterior fibers from the ribs to the iliac crest form a free posterior border. </p><p>Those from the lowest ribs pass nearly vertically downward, and are inserted into the anterior half of the outer lip of the <a href="/wiki/Iliac_crest" title="Iliac crest">iliac crest</a>; the middle and upper fibers, directed downward (inferiorly) and forward (anteriorly), become aponeurotic at approximately the <a href="/wiki/Midclavicular_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Midclavicular line">midclavicular line</a> and form the anterior layer of the rectus sheath. This aponeurosis formed from fibres from either side of the external oblique decussates at the <a href="/wiki/Linea_alba_(abdomen)" title="Linea alba (abdomen)">linea alba</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Aponeurosis_of_the_external_oblique_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle">aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle</a> forms the <a href="/wiki/Inguinal_ligament" title="Inguinal ligament">inguinal ligament</a>. The muscle also contributes to the <a href="/wiki/Inguinal_canal" title="Inguinal canal">inguinal canal</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle" title="Abdominal internal oblique muscle">internal oblique muscle</a> is just deep to the external oblique muscle.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nerve_supply">Nerve supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nerve supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The external oblique muscle is supplied by ventral branches of the lower six thoracoabdominal nerves and the subcostal nerve on each side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_supply">Blood supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Blood supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cranial portion of the muscle is supplied by the lower intercostal arteries, whereas the caudal portion is supplied by a branches of either the deep circumflex iliac artery or the iliolumbar artery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The external oblique functions to pull the chest downwards and compress the abdominal cavity, which increases the intra-abdominal pressure as in a <a href="/wiki/Valsalva_maneuver" title="Valsalva maneuver">Valsalva maneuver</a>. It also performs ipsilateral (same side) side-bending and contralateral (opposite side) rotation: the right external oblique would side-bend to the right and rotate to the left, and vice versa. The internal oblique muscle functions similarly except it rotates ipsilaterally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oblique_strain">Oblique strain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oblique strain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>oblique strain</i> is a common baseball injury, particularly in pitchers. In both batters and pitchers it can affect the contralateral (leading) side external oblique, or the trailing <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle" title="Abdominal internal oblique muscle">internal oblique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_exercise" title="Abdominal exercise">Abdominal exercise</a></div> <ul><li>Side plank</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:External_oblique_posterior.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Posterior view of muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Posterior part of abdominal external oblique muscle labeled."><img alt="Posterior view of muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Posterior part of abdominal external oblique muscle labeled." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/External_oblique_posterior.PNG/76px-External_oblique_posterior.PNG" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/External_oblique_posterior.PNG/114px-External_oblique_posterior.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/External_oblique_posterior.PNG/152px-External_oblique_posterior.PNG 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="1156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Posterior view of muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Posterior part of abdominal external oblique muscle labeled.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray393.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The subcutaneous inguinal ring."><img alt="The subcutaneous inguinal ring." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray393.png/120px-Gray393.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray393.png/180px-Gray393.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray393.png/240px-Gray393.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The subcutaneous inguinal ring.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1097.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas."><img alt="Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/120px-Gray1097.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/180px-Gray1097.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/240px-Gray1097.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1215.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The left side of the thorax."><img alt="The left side of the thorax." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gray1215.png/111px-Gray1215.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gray1215.png/167px-Gray1215.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gray1215.png/222px-Gray1215.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The left side of the thorax.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray_abdomen_front_surface_en.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Surface anatomy of the front of the thorax and abdomen."><img alt="Surface anatomy of the front of the thorax and abdomen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray_abdomen_front_surface_en.png/79px-Gray_abdomen_front_surface_en.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray_abdomen_front_surface_en.png/118px-Gray_abdomen_front_surface_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray_abdomen_front_surface_en.png/158px-Gray_abdomen_front_surface_en.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Surface anatomy of the front of the thorax and abdomen.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LumbarTriangle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lumbar triangle"><img alt="Lumbar triangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/LumbarTriangle.jpg/120px-LumbarTriangle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/LumbarTriangle.jpg/180px-LumbarTriangle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/LumbarTriangle.jpg/240px-LumbarTriangle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lumbar triangle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide8hel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="External abdominal oblique muscle. Anterior abdominal wall. Deep dissection. Anterior view."><img alt="External abdominal oblique muscle. Anterior abdominal wall. Deep dissection. Anterior view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Slide8hel.JPG/120px-Slide8hel.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Slide8hel.JPG/180px-Slide8hel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Slide8hel.JPG/240px-Slide8hel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">External abdominal oblique muscle. Anterior abdominal wall. Deep dissection. Anterior view.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/409/mode/2up">page 409</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeblancFrumovitz2018" class="citation cs2">Leblanc, Eric; Frumovitz, Michael (2018-01-01), Ramirez, Pedro T.; Frumovitz, Michael; Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R. (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323428781000080">"Chapter 8 - Surgical Staging for Treatment Planning"</a>, <i>Principles of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery</i>, Elsevier, pp. 116–126, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-42878-1.00008-0">10.1016/b978-0-323-42878-1.00008-0</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-42878-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-42878-1"><bdi>978-0-323-42878-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Principles+of+Gynecologic+Oncology+Surgery&rft.atitle=Chapter+8+-+Surgical+Staging+for+Treatment+Planning&rft.pages=116-126&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-42878-1.00008-0&rft.isbn=978-0-323-42878-1&rft.aulast=Leblanc&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Frumovitz%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780323428781000080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbdominal+external+oblique+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConteThompsonMarksDines2012" class="citation journal cs1">Conte, SA; Thompson, MM; Marks, MA; Dines, JS (March 2012). "Abdominal muscle strains in professional baseball: 1991-2010". <i>The American Journal of Sports Medicine</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 650–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0363546511433030">10.1177/0363546511433030</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22268233">22268233</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29014372">29014372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Abdominal+muscle+strains+in+professional+baseball%3A+1991-2010.&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=650-6&rft.date=2012-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29014372%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22268233&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0363546511433030&rft.aulast=Conte&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Thompson%2C+MM&rft.au=Marks%2C+MA&rft.au=Dines%2C+JS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbdominal+external+oblique+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/imgs/00000/7000/000/7061.jpg">Anatomy image:7061</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/plastination/pembody/body8a-text.html">Cross section image: pembody/body8a</a>—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles_of_the_abdomen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles of the abdomen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscles_and_ligaments_of_abdomen_and_pelvis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">Muscles</a> and ligaments of <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_wall" title="Abdominal wall">Abdominal wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anterior/<br />lateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muscle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abdominal external oblique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_abdominal_muscle" title="Transverse abdominal muscle">Transverse abdominal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conjoint_tendon" title="Conjoint tendon">Conjoint tendon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_sheath" title="Rectus sheath">Rectus sheath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_abdominis_muscle" title="Rectus abdominis muscle">Rectus abdominis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramidalis_muscle" title="Pyramidalis muscle">Pyramidalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcuate_line_of_rectus_sheath" title="Arcuate line of rectus sheath">Arcuate line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendinous_intersection" title="Tendinous intersection">Tendinous intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremaster_muscle" title="Cremaster muscle">Cremaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle" title="Abdominal internal oblique muscle">Abdominal internal oblique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fascia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_fascia" title="Abdominal fascia">Abdominal fascia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panniculus_adiposus" title="Panniculus adiposus">Panniculus adiposus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascia_of_Camper" title="Fascia of Camper">Fascia of Camper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membranous_layer" title="Membranous layer">Membranous layer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascia_of_Scarpa" title="Fascia of Scarpa">Fascia of Scarpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_fascia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transverse fascia">Transverse fascia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interfoveolar_ligament" title="Interfoveolar ligament">Interfoveolar ligament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linea_alba_(abdomen)" title="Linea alba (abdomen)">Linea alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linea_semilunaris" title="Linea semilunaris">Linea semilunaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inguinal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inguinal_triangle" title="Inguinal triangle">Inguinal triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inguinal_canal" title="Inguinal canal">Inguinal canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_inguinal_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep inguinal ring">Deep inguinal ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_inguinal_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficial inguinal ring">Superficial inguinal ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrural_fibres_of_superficial_inguinal_ring" title="Intercrural fibres of superficial inguinal ring">Intercrural fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crura_of_superficial_inguinal_ring" title="Crura of superficial inguinal ring">Crura of superficial inguinal ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inguinal_ligament" title="Inguinal ligament">Inguinal ligament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectineal_ligament" title="Pectineal ligament">Pectineal ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacunar_ligament" title="Lacunar ligament">Lacunar ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflected_ligament" title="Reflected ligament">Reflected ligament</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posterior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muscle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_lumborum_muscle" title="Quadratus lumborum muscle">Quadratus lumborum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliopsoas" title="Iliopsoas">Iliopsoas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoas_major_muscle" title="Psoas major muscle">Psoas major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoas_minor_muscle" title="Psoas minor muscle">Psoas minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliacus_muscle" title="Iliacus muscle">Iliacus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fascia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliac_fascia" title="Iliac fascia">Iliac fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliopectineal_arch" title="Iliopectineal arch">Iliopectineal arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_pelvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Human pelvis">Pelvis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muscle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levator_ani" title="Levator ani">Levator ani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliococcygeus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Iliococcygeus muscle">Iliococcygeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubococcygeus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubococcygeus muscle">Pubococcygeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puborectalis_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Puborectalis muscle">Puborectalis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccygeus_muscle" title="Coccygeus muscle">Coccygeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectococcygeal_muscle" title="Rectococcygeal muscle">Rectococcygeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fascia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_fascia" title="Pelvic fascia">Pelvic fascia</a></li> <li>Visceral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rectovaginal_fascia" title="Rectovaginal fascia">Rectovaginal fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectoprostatic_fascia" title="Rectoprostatic fascia">Rectoprostatic fascia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endopelvic_part_of_the_pelvic_fascia" class="mw-redirect" title="Endopelvic part of the pelvic fascia">Parietal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obturator_fascia" title="Obturator fascia">Obturator fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendinous_arch_of_pelvic_fascia" title="Tendinous arch of pelvic fascia">Tendinous arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriformis_fascia" title="Piriformis fascia">Piriformis fascia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_floor" title="Pelvic floor">Floor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_fascia_of_pelvic_diaphragm" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm">Superior fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubovesical_ligament" title="Pubovesical ligament">Pubovesical ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puboprostatic_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Puboprostatic ligament">Puboprostatic ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_fascia_of_pelvic_diaphragm" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm">Inferior fascia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anococcygeal_body" title="Anococcygeal body">Anococcygeal body</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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