CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Marmara region - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9bebe176-58cc-4f4d-894e-2505a1075af8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Marmara_region","wgTitle":"Marmara region","wgCurRevisionId":1256207108,"wgRevisionId":1256207108,"wgArticleId":8318386,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Turkish-language text","Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr)","Marmara Region","Regions of Turkey"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Marmara_region","wgRelevantArticleId":8318386, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":41,"lon":29},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q155583","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg/1200px-Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="617"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg/800px-Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="411"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg/640px-Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="329"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Marmara region - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_region"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_region"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Marmara_region rootpage-Marmara_region skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Marmara+region" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Marmara+region" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Marmara+region" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Marmara+region" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Subdivision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecoregions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecoregions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecoregions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecoregions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecoregions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecoregions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terrestrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrestrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Terrestrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrestrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palearctic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palearctic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Palearctic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palearctic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperate_coniferous_forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.2</span> <span>Temperate coniferous forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperate_coniferous_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.3</span> <span>Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marmara region</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="منطقة مرمرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة مرمرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex%C3%B3n_del_M%C3%A1rmara" title="Rexón del Mármara – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rexón del Mármara" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99rm%C9%99r%C9%99_regionu" title="Mərmərə regionu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mərmərə regionu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A4%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="مرمره بؤلگه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مرمره بؤلگه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="মারমারা অঞ্চল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মারমারা অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Мармуроваморскі рэгіён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мармуроваморскі рэгіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Мармуроваморскі рэгіён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мармуроваморскі рэгіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мармара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мармара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara" title="Marmara – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Marmara" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_M%C3%A0rmara" title="Regió de la Màrmara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió de la Màrmara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmarsk%C3%BD_region" title="Marmarský region – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marmarský region" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmararegionen" title="Marmararegionen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marmararegionen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmararegion" title="Marmararegion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marmararegion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC" title="Περιοχή Μαρμαρά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοχή Μαρμαρά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_del_M%C3%A1rmara" title="Región del Mármara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región del Mármara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmora_regiono_de_Turkio" title="Marmora regiono de Turkio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marmora regiono de Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_eskualdea" title="Marmara eskualdea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marmara eskualdea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87" title="منطقه مرمره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه مرمره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_de_Marmara" title="Région de Marmara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région de Marmara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_do_M%C3%A1rmara" title="Rexión do Mármara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión do Mármara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%9D%BC_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD" title="마르마라 지역 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마르마라 지역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մարմարածովյան տարածաշրջան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարմարածովյան տարածաշրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मरमरा क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मरमरा क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mramorna_regija" title="Mramorna regija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mramorna regija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasan_Marmara" title="Kawasan Marmara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kawasan Marmara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regione_di_Marmara" title="Regione di Marmara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regione di Marmara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96)" title="מרמרה (מחוז) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרמרה (מחוז)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მარმარილოს ზღვის რეგიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარმარილოს ზღვის რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanda_ya_Marmara" title="Kanda ya Marmara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kanda ya Marmara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%A9%D1%81%D2%AF" title="Мармара бөлгөсү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мармара бөлгөсү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmora_j%C5%ABras_re%C4%A3ions" title="Marmora jūras reģions – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marmora jūras reģions" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rv%C3%A1ny-tengeri_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3" title="Márvány-tengeri régió – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Márvány-tengeri régió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мраморен регион – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мраморен регион" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="मार्मारा प्रदेश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मार्मारा प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmararegio" title="Marmararegio – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marmararegio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="マルマラ地方 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルマラ地方" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мармаран хӀордан регион – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мармаран хӀордан регион" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmararegiuun" title="Marmararegiuun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Marmararegiuun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmararegionen" title="Marmararegionen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marmararegionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmararegionen" title="Marmararegionen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marmararegionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81" title="خطہ مرمرہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خطہ مرمرہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87" title="مرمره سیمه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مرمره سیمه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_M%C3%A1rmara" title="Região de Mármara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região de Mármara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiunea_Marmara" title="Regiunea Marmara – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regiunea Marmara" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мраморноморский регион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мраморноморский регион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_Region" title="Marmara Region – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Marmara Region" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajoni_Marmara" title="Rajoni Marmara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rajoni Marmara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_Region" title="Marmara Region – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marmara Region" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara,_Tur%C4%8Dija" title="Marmara, Turčija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marmara, Turčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobolka_Marmara" title="Gobolka Marmara – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gobolka Marmara" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%95%D9%85%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95" title="ھەرێمی مەڕمەڕە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەرێمی مەڕمەڕە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Мраморна регија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мраморна регија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_(regija)" title="Marmara (regija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marmara (regija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehiyon_ng_Marmara" title="Rehiyon ng Marmara – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rehiyon ng Marmara" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மர்மரா பிராந்தியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மர்மரா பிராந்தியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Минтақаи Баҳри Мармар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Минтақаи Баҳри Мармар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="Marmara Bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marmara Bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Мармара (регіон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мармара (регіон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81" title="خطہ مرمرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خطہ مرمرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="مارمارا رايونى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مارمارا رايونى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="马尔马拉地区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马尔马拉地区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1nt%C4%B1qay_Marmara" title="Mıntıqay Marmara – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıntıqay Marmara" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="馬摩拉地區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬摩拉地區" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q155583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Marmara_region" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Marmara_region" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Marmara_region" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&oldid=1256207108" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Marmara_region&id=1256207108&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarmara_region"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarmara_region"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Marmara_region&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marmara_Region" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Marmara_(region)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q155583" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Marmara_region&params=41_00_N_29_00_E_type:adm1st_region:TR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">29°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.000°N 29.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.000; 29.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in Turkey</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Marmara</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="tr"><i>Marmara Bölgesi</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Turkey">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosphorus_Bridge_(235499411).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bosphorus Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg/268px-Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="268" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg/402px-Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg/536px-Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey-3019_-_Hagia_Sophia_(2216460729).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hagia Sophia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Turkey-3019_-_Hagia_Sophia_%282216460729%29.jpg/131px-Turkey-3019_-_Hagia_Sophia_%282216460729%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Turkey-3019_-_Hagia_Sophia_%282216460729%29.jpg/197px-Turkey-3019_-_Hagia_Sophia_%282216460729%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Turkey-3019_-_Hagia_Sophia_%282216460729%29.jpg/262px-Turkey-3019_-_Hagia_Sophia_%282216460729%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3329" data-file-height="2534" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maiden_tower.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maiden Tower in Istanul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Maiden_tower.JPG/133px-Maiden_tower.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Maiden_tower.JPG/200px-Maiden_tower.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Maiden_tower.JPG/266px-Maiden_tower.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ortaköy Mosque in Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg/97px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg/146px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg/194px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4878" data-file-height="5854" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/167px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/251px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/334px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2106" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Galata towwer in Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg/268px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg/402px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg/536px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7834" data-file-height="5223" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmara_Region_in_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Marmara_Region_in_Turkey.svg/250px-Marmara_Region_in_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Marmara_Region_in_Turkey.svg/375px-Marmara_Region_in_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Marmara_Region_in_Turkey.svg/500px-Marmara_Region_in_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="677" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Marmara_region&params=41_00_N_29_00_E_type:adm1st_region:TR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">29°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.000°N 29.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.000; 29.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Provinces</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>11</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Balikesir" class="mw-redirect" title="Balikesir">Balikesir</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bilecik" title="Bilecik">Bilecik</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_Province" title="Çanakkale Province">Çanakkale</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli" title="Kırklareli">Kırklareli</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kocaeli_Province" title="Kocaeli Province">Kocaeli</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sakarya_Province" title="Sakarya Province">Sakarya</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yalova" title="Yalova">Yalova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">67,000 km<sup>2</sup> (26,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">6th</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(Jan. 2022)(INSEE)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">27,050,405</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">1st</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">400/km<sup>2</sup> (1,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Marmaralı</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 367.040 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 13,569 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Time">TRT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Time">TRT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">TR-IDF</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">TR1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marmara.gov.tr">marmara<wbr />.gov<wbr />.tr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Marmara region</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i>Marmara Bölgesi</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">geographical region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. </p><p>Located in <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>, it is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Region_(geographical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Sea Region (geographical)">Black Sea Region</a> to the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Region_(geographical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean Region (geographical)">Aegean Region</a> to the south. At the center of the region is the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a>, which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. Other big cities are <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit" title="İzmit">İzmit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>. </p><p>Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the region comes from the Marmara Sea which is named after the Marmaros island, now connected to <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir_Province" title="Balıkesir Province">Balıkesir</a>. "Marmaros" means "marble" in Greek. This name was given to the island because of the significant amount of marble found there. Over time, this name also came to be used for the sea itself. </p><p> The <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> named the Marmara Sea "Propontis" by combining two words: "pro" and "pontis". In <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, "pro" means "before" and "pontis" means "sea." They chose this name because they used to sail on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a> to reach the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istanbul_panorama_(16293921746).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Istanbul_panorama_%2816293921746%29.jpg/220px-Istanbul_panorama_%2816293921746%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Istanbul_panorama_%2816293921746%29.jpg/330px-Istanbul_panorama_%2816293921746%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Istanbul_panorama_%2816293921746%29.jpg/440px-Istanbul_panorama_%2816293921746%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7461" data-file-height="4162" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> taken from <a href="/wiki/Galata_Tower" title="Galata Tower">Galata Tower</a>. From left to right you can see the asian side of the city, <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace" title="Topkapı Palace">Topkapi Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mosque,_Istanbul" title="Blue Mosque, Istanbul">Blue Mosque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galata_Bridge" title="Galata Bridge">Galata Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Mosque,_Istanbul" title="New Mosque, Istanbul">New Mosque</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Bursa_from_the_hills_of_Mount_Uludag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/View_of_Bursa_from_the_hills_of_Mount_Uludag.jpg/220px-View_of_Bursa_from_the_hills_of_Mount_Uludag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/View_of_Bursa_from_the_hills_of_Mount_Uludag.jpg/330px-View_of_Bursa_from_the_hills_of_Mount_Uludag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/View_of_Bursa_from_the_hills_of_Mount_Uludag.jpg/440px-View_of_Bursa_from_the_hills_of_Mount_Uludag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> from the hills near <a href="/wiki/Uluda%C4%9F" title="Uludağ">Mount Uludağ</a>, the ancient <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Olympus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Izmit_genel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Izmit_genel.jpg/220px-Izmit_genel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Izmit_genel.jpg/330px-Izmit_genel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Izmit_genel.jpg/440px-Izmit_genel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3078" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit" title="İzmit">Izmit</a> General View</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayval%C4%B1k,_Bal%C4%B1kesir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ayval%C4%B1k%2C_Bal%C4%B1kesir.jpg/220px-Ayval%C4%B1k%2C_Bal%C4%B1kesir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ayval%C4%B1k%2C_Bal%C4%B1kesir.jpg/330px-Ayval%C4%B1k%2C_Bal%C4%B1kesir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ayval%C4%B1k%2C_Bal%C4%B1kesir.jpg/440px-Ayval%C4%B1k%2C_Bal%C4%B1kesir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ayval%C4%B1k" title="Ayvalık">Ayvalık</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Havadan_cnk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Havadan_cnk.jpg/220px-Havadan_cnk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Havadan_cnk.jpg/330px-Havadan_cnk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Havadan_cnk.jpg/440px-Havadan_cnk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivision">Subdivision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subdivision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Çatalca - Kocaeli</b> Section (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Çatalca - Kocaeli Bölümü</i>) <ul><li><b>Adapazarı</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Adapazarı Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b>Istanbul</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Istanbul Yöresi</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Ergene</b> Section (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Ergene Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b>Southern Marmara</b> Section (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Güney Marmara Bölümü</i>) <ul><li><b>Biga - Gallipoli</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Biga - Gelibolu Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b>Bursa</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Bursa Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b>Karesi</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Karesi Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b>Samanlı</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Samanlı Yöresi</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Yıldız</b> Section (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Yıldız Bölümü</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecoregions">Ecoregions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecoregions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Turkey" title="List of ecoregions in Turkey">List of ecoregions in Turkey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrestrial">Terrestrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Terrestrial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palearctic"><a href="/wiki/Palearctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palearctic">Palearctic</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Palearctic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_mixed_forests" title="Balkan mixed forests">Balkan mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euxine-Colchic_deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests">Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Temperate_coniferous_forests"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate coniferous forests">Temperate coniferous forests</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Temperate coniferous forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Anatolian_conifer_and_deciduous_forests" title="Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests">Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub"><span id="Mediterranean_forests.2C_woodlands.2C_and_scrub"></span><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_and_Western_Turkey_sclerophyllous_and_mixed_forests" title="Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests">Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_conifer_and_deciduous_mixed_forests" title="Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests">Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provinces">Provinces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of Istanbul"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg/800px-Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg/1200px-Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg/1600px-Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="1123" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Istanbul_panorama_and_skyline.jpg" title="File:Istanbul panorama and skyline.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of Istanbul</div></div></div> <p>Provinces that are entirely in the Marmara Region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edirne_Province" title="Edirne Province">Edirne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul Province">İstanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli_Province" title="Kırklareli Province">Kırklareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kocaeli_Province" title="Kocaeli Province">Kocaeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F_Province" title="Tekirdağ Province">Tekirdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalova_Province" title="Yalova Province">Yalova</a></li></ul> <p>Provinces that are mostly in the Marmara Region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir_Province" title="Balıkesir Province">Balıkesir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilecik_Province" title="Bilecik Province">Bilecik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Province" title="Bursa Province">Bursa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_Province" title="Çanakkale Province">Çanakkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakarya_Province" title="Sakarya Province">Sakarya</a></li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of Edirne from Selimiye Mosque."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg/800px-20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg/1200px-20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg/1600px-20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12053" data-file-height="1951" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:20120604_Edirne_view_from_the_top_of_the_Minaret_of_Selimiye_Mosque_Edirne_Turkey_Panoramic.jpg" title="File:20120604 Edirne view from the top of the Minaret of Selimiye Mosque Edirne Turkey Panoramic.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> from <a href="/wiki/Selimiye_Mosque,_Edirne" title="Selimiye Mosque, Edirne">Selimiye Mosque</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Yıldız Mountains">Yıldız Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uluda%C4%9F" title="Uludağ">Uludağ</a> are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6k%C3%A7eada" class="mw-redirect" title="Gökçeada">Gökçeada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bozcaada" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozcaada">Bozcaada</a>, and in the Sea of Marmara are <a href="/wiki/Marmara_Island" title="Marmara Island">Marmara Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Av%C5%9Fa" title="Avşa">Avşa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%9Faliman%C4%B1" title="Paşalimanı">Paşalimanı</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mral%C4%B1" title="İmralı">İmralı</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Princes%27_Islands" title="Princes' Islands">Princes' Islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Marmara region has a borderline <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> on the Aegean Sea and south Marmara Sea coasts, and an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> on the Black Sea coast. Summers are warm to hot and moderately dry whereas winters are cool, wet and sometimes snowy. The coastal climate keeps the temperatures relatively mild. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">Geographical regions of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Provinces of Turkey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ilgosterge/?locale=tr">"Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts"</a>. <i>www.turkstat.gov.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.turkstat.gov.tr&rft.atitle=Statistics+by+Theme+%3E+National+Accounts+%3E+Regional+Accounts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiruni.tuik.gov.tr%2Filgosterge%2F%3Flocale%3Dtr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarmara+region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://istanbulproperty.com/blog/living-in-turkey/the-importance-of-the-marmara-sea-and-region-for-turkey">"The Importance of the Marmara Sea and Region for Turkey - Istanbul Property"</a>. <i>istanbulproperty.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=istanbulproperty.com&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+the+Marmara+Sea+and+Region+for+Turkey+-+Istanbul+Property&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fistanbulproperty.com%2Fblog%2Fliving-in-turkey%2Fthe-importance-of-the-marmara-sea-and-region-for-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarmara+region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Marmara_(region)#Q155583" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Marmara (region)">Marmara (region)</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.golyaka.org/">Golyaka Village, Bursa</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:paleturquoise"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Turkey" title="Template:Regions of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Regions of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">Geographical regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_region,_Turkey" title="Mediterranean region, Turkey">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/36px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/54px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/72px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/55148570523324311003">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&oldid=1256207108">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&oldid=1256207108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marmara_Region" title="Category:Marmara Region">Marmara Region</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Turkey" title="Category:Regions of Turkey">Regions of Turkey</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text">Articles containing Turkish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)" title="Category:Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr)">Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 19:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmara_region&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-vvk8r","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.715","walltime":"0.918","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4508,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":60529,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9181,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":28542,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 807.912 1 -total"," 54.69% 441.857 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 41.93% 338.770 1 Template:Infobox"," 15.44% 124.772 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.59% 109.829 11 Template:Langx"," 13.42% 108.393 1 Template:Regions_of_Turkey"," 13.25% 107.053 4 Template:If_empty"," 13.19% 106.541 2 Template:Cite_web"," 13.03% 105.275 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.71% 94.584 11 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.480","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16803387,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-7f596","timestamp":"20241128180005","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Marmara region","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marmara_region","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q155583","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q155583","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-12-07T19:34:18Z","dateModified":"2024-11-08T19:57:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/53\/Bosphorus_Bridge_%28235499411%29.jpeg","headline":"region of Turkey"}</script> </body> </html>