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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_property,_rank,_and_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_property,_rank,_and_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Acquisition of property, rank, and titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_property,_rank,_and_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boyle's_adversaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boyle's_adversaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Boyle's adversaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boyle's_adversaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boyle's_"philosophical"_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boyle's_"philosophical"_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Boyle's "philosophical" legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boyle's_"philosophical"_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Boyle_(1er_comte_de_Cork)" title="Richard Boyle (1er comte de Cork) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Boyle (1er comte de Cork)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Boyle,_1%C3%BA_Iarla_Chorca%C3%AD" title="Richard Boyle, 1ú Iarla Chorcaí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richard Boyle, 1ú Iarla Chorcaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Boyle,_I_conte_di_Cork" title="Richard Boyle, I conte di Cork – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Boyle, I conte di Cork" data-language-autonym="Italiano" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background: #99BADD; color: #000000;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">The Earl of Cork</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1st Earl of Cork</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork_.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Richard_Boyle%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cork_.PNG/220px-Richard_Boyle%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cork_.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Richard_Boyle%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cork_.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="393" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The 1st Earl of Cork</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1629–1643</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other titles</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Lord Treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Plantations of Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">13 October 1566<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, England</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">15 September 1643<span style="display:none">(1643-09-15)</span> (aged 76)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork</b> (13 October 1566 – 15 September 1643), also known as the Great Earl of Cork, was an English politician who served as Lord Treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>. </p><p>Lord Cork was an important figure in the continuing <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> colonisation of Ireland in the 16th and 17th centuries, as he acquired large tracts of land in <a href="/wiki/Plantations_of_Ireland" title="Plantations of Ireland">plantations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> in southern Ireland. Moreover, his sons played an important role in fighting against the Irish Catholic rebellion in the 1640s and 1650s, assisting in the victory of the British and Protestant interests in Ireland. </p><p>In addition to being the first <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cork" title="Earl of Cork">Earl of Cork</a>, he was the patriarch of the Boyle family through his many prominent descendants, whose titles included <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orrery" title="Earl of Orrery">Earl of Orrery</a> (1660), <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Burlington" title="Earl of Burlington">Earl of Burlington</a> (1664) and <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Shannon" title="Earl of Shannon">Earl of Shannon</a> (1756).<sup id="cite_ref-burke_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boyle was born at <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a> on 13 October 1566, the second son of Roger Boyle (d. 24 March 1576 at Preston, near <a href="/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a> in Kent), a descendant of an ancient landed <a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a> family, and of Joan (15 October 1529 –20 March 1586), daughter of John Naylor, who were married in Canterbury on 16 October 1564. Both his parents are interred in an <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a> tomb at the upper end of the chancel of the parish church of Preston.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His elder brother was <a href="/wiki/John_Boyle_(bishop)" title="John Boyle (bishop)">John Boyle</a>, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross. </p><p>Young Boyle went to <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_School,_Canterbury" title="The King's School, Canterbury">The King's School, Canterbury</a>, at the same time as <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>. His university education began at <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge" title="Corpus Christi College, Cambridge">Bennet (Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge</a>, England, in 1583.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this he studied law at the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a> in London and became a clerk to Sir <a href="/wiki/Roger_Manwood" title="Roger Manwood">Roger Manwood</a>, Kt., who was then the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Baron_of_the_Exchequer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer">Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer</a>. </p><p>Before completing his studies, Boyle decided "to gain learning, knowledge, and experience abroad in the world"<sup id="cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lodgearchdall152-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and left London for a new start in Ireland. He arrived in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> on 23 June 1588<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with just over £27 (equivalent to £9,739 in 2023),<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>as well as a gold bracelet worth £10 (£3,607 in 2023),<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a diamond ring (given to him by his mother at her death and which he wore all his life), besides some fine clothing, and his "rapier and dagger".<sup id="cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lodgearchdall152-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1590 he obtained the appointment of deputy <a href="/wiki/Escheator" class="mw-redirect" title="Escheator">Escheator</a> to John Crofton, the Escheator-General. On 6 November 1595, he married <a href="/wiki/Joan_Apsley" title="Joan Apsley">Joan Apsley</a>, the daughter and co-heiress of William Apsley of <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, one of the council to the first President of the province of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lodgearchdall152-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marriage brought Boyle an estate of £500 a year (equivalent to £134,958 in 2023),<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he continued to receive until at least 1632. </p><p>Joan died at <a href="/wiki/Mallow,_County_Cork" title="Mallow, County Cork">Mallow, County Cork</a> on 14 December 1599 during childbirth (the son was still-born). Both were buried in <a href="/wiki/Buttevant" title="Buttevant">Buttevant</a> church, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>. </p><p>It is said by his detractors that unlike many of his other close relatives whom he took great care to commemorate, he took no trouble to have Joan commemorated after her death, leading to the conviction among some that his (in every sense) monumental commemorative endeavours were entirely practical (in terms of securing his personal objectives) rather than sentimental (her connections being of no direct use to him after her death). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boyle by this time had been the object of the attacks of Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wallop" title="Henry Wallop">Henry Wallop</a>, Treasurer at War, Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gardiner_(Chief_Justice)" title="Robert Gardiner (Chief Justice)">Robert Gardiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_Ireland" title="Lord Chief Justice of Ireland">Lord Chief Justice of Ireland</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dillon_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Dillon (judge)">Robert Dillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Irish_Common_Pleas" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas">Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bingham_(soldier)" title="Richard Bingham (soldier)">Richard Bingham</a>, Chief Commissioner of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connaught</a>, a demonstration, said Boyle, of their envy of his success and increasing prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boyle was arrested on charges of fraud and collusion with the Spanish (essentially accusations of covert papist infiltration, a treasonable offence for an official in Queen Elizabeth I's Protestant civil service) in his office. He was thrown into prison (at least once by <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_FitzWilliam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William FitzWilliam">Sir William FitzWilliam</a> in about 1592) several times during this episode. He was about to leave for England to justify himself to Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>, when there was a rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> in October 1598, and "all my lands were wasted"<sup id="cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lodgearchdall152-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which once again returned him to poverty. The <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Nine Years' War</a> arrived in Munster with Irish rebels from Ulster, who were joined by locals who had lost land to English settlers. Boyle was forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> for safety. </p><p>This turn of events left him obliged to return to London and his chambers at The Temple. At this point, he was almost immediately taken into the service of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex</a>. </p><p>Henry Wallop then renewed his prosecution of Boyle. Boyle was summoned to appear at the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Star_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Star Chamber">Court of Star Chamber</a>. In the proceedings, Boyle's adversaries seem to have failed to substantiate their accusations. Boyle had somehow managed to secure the attendance of Queen Elizabeth I herself at the proceedings, and he successfully exposed some misconduct on the part of his adversaries. </p><p>Elizabeth famously said: "By God's death, these are but inventions against the young man" <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she also said he was "a man fit to be employed by ourselves".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He was immediately appointed Clerk of the Council of Munster by Elizabeth I in 1600. In December 1601, Boyle brought to Elizabeth the news of the victory near <a href="/wiki/Kinsale" title="Kinsale">Kinsale</a>. </p><p>In October 1602, Boyle was again sent over by <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Carew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Carew">Sir George Carew</a>, the president of Munster, on Irish affairs. He was knighted at <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Abbey,_Dublin" title="St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin">St Mary's Abbey</a>, near Dublin, by Carew on 25 July 1603.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the same day that he married his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Fenton_Boyle" title="Catherine Fenton Boyle">Catherine</a>, daughter of Sir <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fenton" title="Geoffrey Fenton">Geoffrey Fenton</a>, Principal Secretary of State. In 1606 he was appointed as Privy Councillor for Munster and in 1612 as <a href="/wiki/Privy_Councillor" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Councillor">Privy Councillor</a> for Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisition_of_property,_rank,_and_titles"><span id="Acquisition_of_property.2C_rank.2C_and_titles"></span>Acquisition of property, rank, and titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Acquisition of property, rank, and titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lismore_Castle_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lismore_Castle_2.jpg/220px-Lismore_Castle_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lismore_Castle_2.jpg/330px-Lismore_Castle_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lismore_Castle_2.jpg/440px-Lismore_Castle_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Lismore Castle, County Waterford</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1602, Richard Boyle bought <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Raleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Raleigh">Sir Walter Raleigh</a>'s estates of 42,000 acres (170 km<sup>2</sup>) for £1,500 (£433,020 in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the counties of <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">Cork</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Grove,_Youghal" title="Myrtle Grove, Youghal">Myrtle Grove</a>), <a href="/wiki/County_Waterford" title="County Waterford">Waterford</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Lismore_Castle" title="Lismore Castle">Lismore Castle</a>) and <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">Tipperary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made these purchases on the insistence of <a href="/wiki/George_Carew_(diplomat)" title="George Carew (diplomat)">Sir George Carew</a>. Boyle made <a href="/wiki/Lismore_Castle" title="Lismore Castle">Lismore Castle</a> his chief country abode <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after purchasing it and turned it into a magnificent residence with impressive gabled ranges on each side of the courtyard. He also built a crenellated outer wall and a gatehouse known as the Riding Gate for the castle. The principal apartments of the castle were decorated with fretwork plaster ceilings, tapestry hangings, embroidered silks, and velvet. Boyle also had a substantial residence at Youghal, besides Myrtle Grove, known today as "The College", close to the <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_St_Mary_Youghal" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal">Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal</a>. Order on the Boyle estates was maintained in 13 castles which were garrisoned by retainers. The town of <a href="/wiki/Clonakilty" title="Clonakilty">Clonakilty</a> was formally founded in 1613 by him when he received a charter from <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James I of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boyle was then returned as a burgh commissioner (Member of Parliament) for <a href="/wiki/Lismore_(Parliament_of_Ireland_constituency)" title="Lismore (Parliament of Ireland constituency)">Lismore</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Irish Parliament</a> of 1614, (held at <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a>) on 18 May 1614. He ascended to the Irish Peerage as <b>Lord Boyle, Baron of Youghal</b> on 6 September 1616. </p><p>Lord Boyle claimed to have built the town of <a href="/wiki/Bandon,_County_Cork" title="Bandon, County Cork">Bandon</a> in County Cork, but in fact, the town was planned and built by Henry Beecher, John Archdeacon, and William Newce.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The land on which Bandon was built had been granted by Queen Elizabeth I to Phane Beecher in 1586, and inherited by his eldest son Henry who then sold it to Boyle in November 1618.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Bandon, Boyle founded iron-smelting and linen-weaving industries and brought in English settlers, many from <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>. </p><p>Lord Boyle was created <b>Earl of Cork</b> and <b>Viscount Dungarvan</b> on 26 October 1620.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then occupied the office of Sheriff from 1625 to 1626. On 26 October 1629, he was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/Lord_Justice_of_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Justice of Appeal">Lord Justice</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 9 November 1631, he became the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Treasurer_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Treasurer of Ireland">Lord Treasurer of Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was not a <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/English_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="English Parliament">English Parliament</a>, it is nonetheless recorded that he was "by writ called into the Upper House by His Majesty's great grace", and he subsequently took up the honoured position of an "assistant sitting on the inside of the <a href="/wiki/Woolsack" title="Woolsack">Woolsack</a>." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> is reported to have said of Lord Cork 'If there had been an Earl of Cork in every province, it would have been impossible for the Irish to have raised a rebellion.' One of Lord Cork's major political allies during the era was <a href="/wiki/Piers_Crosby" title="Piers Crosby">Piers Crosby</a>. </p><p>It is a mistake to see Lord Cork's 'empire' as merely being exclusively confined to the development of the 'Raleigh estates': for instance, his acquisition of the entirety of the town of Bandon was not completed until 1625. Other towns which also form part of Lord Cork's municipal development legacy (which records employment of over 4,000 people during his lifetime) include <a href="/wiki/Midleton" title="Midleton">Midleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castlemartyr" title="Castlemartyr">Castlemartyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charleville,_County_Cork" title="Charleville, County Cork">Charleville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doneraile" title="Doneraile">Doneraile</a>. </p><p>By 1636, Lord Cork had opted to live in the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a> to see out the rest of his days. He purchased from <a href="/wiki/James_Tuchet,_3rd_Earl_of_Castlehaven" title="James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven">The 3rd Earl of Castlehaven</a>, for £5,000, the manor of <a href="/wiki/Stalbridge" title="Stalbridge">Stalbridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a> which became his English seat, and in 1637, he laid out a further £20,000 for Temple Coombe Manor, close by in <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>. Lord Cork, at the insistence of the Howards, also bought Annery House near <a href="/wiki/Bideford" title="Bideford">Bideford</a> in 1640 for £5000. The Earl was most delighted with Annery House and the living that came with the estate; he was also delighted that he could easily travel to Youghal from Bideford. Annery House was left to his sixth son <a href="/wiki/Francis_Boyle,_1st_Viscount_Shannon" title="Francis Boyle, 1st Viscount Shannon">Francis Boyle</a> upon his death in 1643. Lord Cork had also been left the manor of <a href="/wiki/Salcombe" title="Salcombe">Salcombe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> by his friend Thomas Stafford, the illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/George_Carew,_1st_Earl_of_Totnes" title="George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes">George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes</a>. Salcombe, along with Halberton Manor, was also left to his son Francis and his wife <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Killigrew,_Viscountess_Shannon" title="Elizabeth Killigrew, Viscountess Shannon">Elizabeth Killigrew</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boyle's_adversaries"><span id="Boyle.27s_adversaries"></span>Boyle's adversaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Boyle's adversaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Great Earl's most famous enemy was <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth,_1st_Earl_of_Strafford" title="Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford">Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strafford arrived in Ireland in 1633 as Lord Deputy, and at first successfully deprived Boyle of much of his privilege and income. Boyle patiently husbanded forces in opposition to Strafford's Irish program and this successful political manoeuvering by Boyle was an important factor in Strafford's demise. It may be said in defence of Boyle that he would have been quite prepared to work amicably with Strafford, had Strafford not quickly made it clear that he saw Boyle as an "over-mighty subject",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose power must be curbed, if not crushed entirely. Boyle initially made friendly overtures, and tried to establish a family link by marrying his eldest son Richard to Elizabeth Clifford, a niece of Strafford's first wife, but soon abandoned any hope of an amicable relationship. </p><p>An illuminating example of the humiliations to which Wentworth subjected Boyle, was the instance where he forced Boyle to remove his wife's tomb from the choir in <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin">St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin</a>. He was also prosecuted in the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Castle_Chamber" title="Court of Castle Chamber">Court of Castle Chamber</a>, the Irish equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Star Chamber</a>, for alleged misappropriation of the funds of <a href="/wiki/Youghal" title="Youghal">Youghal College</a>. </p><p>Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a> delighted in Wentworth's attacks on Boyle and wrote: "No physic better than a vomit if it be given in time, and therefore you have taken a very judicious course to administer one so early to my Lord of Cork. I hope it will do him good".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laud and Wentworth shared, with King Charles I, the same fate as many others, who at some time in their lives, found reasons to conspire against Boyle: an early demise. With Boyle showing his customary astuteness by putting on a convincing show of politically appropriate response at every crucial juncture. His one serious miscalculation was his failure to anticipate the Irish Rebellion of 1641. </p><p>Boyle made an entry concerning Wentworth in his diary: "A most cursed man to all Ireland and to me in particular".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Wentworth's trial, Boyle was a key witness,<sup id="cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he did not take any other direct part in the prosecution itself. Unsurprisingly, he was in full support of the condemnation of Wentworth and wholeheartedly approved of his execution: he made a grim entry in his diary: "Lord Strafford was beheaded on the Tower Hill, as he well deserved".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From his children, Boyle expected obedience, although he was a genuinely affectionate father, and far more forgiving of opposition from them than from his political enemies. Lady Mary, "my unruly daughter"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> angered her father by refusing to marry <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Clanbrassil_(first_creation)" title="James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil (first creation)">Lord Clanbrassil</a> on the rather modern ground that she found him repulsive, and again by marrying the future Earl of Warwick, who was then a penniless younger son, against her father's wishes; but they were soon reconciled and he furnished her with a generous dowry. </p><p>Boyle died at <a href="/wiki/Youghal" title="Youghal">Youghal</a> in September 1643, having been chased off his lands in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Irish Rebellion of 1641</a>. His sons, however, recovered the family estates after the suppression of the rebellion. Boyle's tomb is in Youghal's <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_St_Mary_Youghal" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal">St Mary's Collegiate Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boyle's_"philosophical"_legacy"><span id="Boyle.27s_.22philosophical.22_legacy"></span>Boyle's "philosophical" legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Boyle's "philosophical" legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lord Cork has been described as the "first colonial millionaire". </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/R.F._Foster_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="R.F. Foster (historian)">Roy Foster</a>, in his <i>Modern Ireland</i>, calls him an 'epitome of Elizabethan adventurer-colonist in Ireland'. </p><p>The Boyle motto is: 'God's Providence is my inheritance'. </p><p>Lord Cork's theopolitical philosophy has been described as 'providentialist' when contrasted with its counterpart which prevailed to the north in parts of <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> at the time, which is more typically characterised as <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>. </p><p>Such a comparison of these two standpoints is neither exclusively religious nor secular, a factor which perhaps offers some small insight as to how Lord Cork managed to achieve what seems now the extraordinary feat of gaining strong favour at various times with the leaders on either side of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary%27s_Collegiate_Church,_Youghal_(Sir_Richard_Boyle_Memorial)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1392224.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Mary%27s_Collegiate_Church%2C_Youghal_%28Sir_Richard_Boyle_Memorial%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1392224.jpg/220px-St_Mary%27s_Collegiate_Church%2C_Youghal_%28Sir_Richard_Boyle_Memorial%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1392224.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Mary%27s_Collegiate_Church%2C_Youghal_%28Sir_Richard_Boyle_Memorial%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1392224.jpg/330px-St_Mary%27s_Collegiate_Church%2C_Youghal_%28Sir_Richard_Boyle_Memorial%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1392224.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/St_Mary%27s_Collegiate_Church%2C_Youghal_%28Sir_Richard_Boyle_Memorial%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1392224.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Tomb in St Mary's Collegiate church, Youghal</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork" title="Special:EditPage/Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>By his second wife, Catherine Fenton, daughter of Sir <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fenton" title="Geoffrey Fenton">Geoffrey Fenton</a> and his wife Alice Weston, the 1st Earl of Cork had fifteen children: </p> <ul><li>Roger Boyle (1 August 1606, <a href="/wiki/Youghal" title="Youghal">Youghal</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, Ireland–10 October 1615, <a href="/wiki/Deptford" title="Deptford">Deptford</a>, Kent, England, where he was buried).</li> <li>Lady Alice Boyle (1607–1667), married <a href="/wiki/David_Barry,_1st_Earl_of_Barrymore" title="David Barry, 1st Earl of Barrymore">David Barry, 1st Earl of Barrymore</a>, then after his death, married John Barry, of Liscarroll, co Cork, Ireland.</li> <li>Lady Sarah Boyle (1609–1633), married Sir Thomas Moore, then after his death married <a href="/wiki/Robert_Digby,_1st_Baron_Digby" title="Robert Digby, 1st Baron Digby">Robert Digby, 1st Baron Digby</a>.</li> <li>Lady Lettice Boyle (1610–1657), married Colonel <a href="/wiki/George_Goring,_Lord_Goring" title="George Goring, Lord Goring">George Goring, Lord Goring</a>.</li> <li>Lady Joan Boyle (1611–1657), married <a href="/wiki/George_FitzGerald,_16th_Earl_of_Kildare" title="George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare">George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare</a> ("the Fairy Earl").</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Burlington" title="Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington">Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork and 1st Earl of Burlington</a> (1612–1698), <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer_of_Ireland" title="Lord High Treasurer of Ireland">Lord High Treasurer of Ireland</a> (1660–1695).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Jones,_Viscountess_Ranelagh" title="Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh">Lady Katherine Boyle</a> (1615–1691), married <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jones,_2nd_Viscount_Ranelagh" title="Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount Ranelagh">Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount Ranelagh</a>.</li> <li>Hon. Geoffrey Boyle</li> <li>Lady Dorothy Boyle, married <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Loftus" title="Arthur Loftus">Sir Arthur Loftus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rathfarnham" title="Rathfarnham">Rathfarnham</a> and was the mother of <a href="/wiki/Adam_Loftus,_1st_Viscount_Lisburne" title="Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Lisburne">Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Lisburne</a>.</li> <li>Lewis Boyle, 1st <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Boyle_of_Kinalmeaky" title="Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky">Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky</a> (1619–1642), succeeded under special remainder by his older brother Richard.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Orrery" title="Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery">Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery</a> (1621–1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Boyle,_1st_Viscount_Shannon" title="Francis Boyle, 1st Viscount Shannon">Francis Boyle, 1st Viscount Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rich,_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick">Lady Mary Boyle</a>, married <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rich,_4th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Charles Rich, 4th Earl of Warwick">Charles Rich, 4th Earl of Warwick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hon. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> (1627–1691), author of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sceptical_Chymist" title="The Sceptical Chymist">The Sceptical Chymist</a></i>; considered to be the father of modern <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>.</li> <li>Lady Margaret Boyle</li></ul> <p>Boyle erected an elaborate monument to himself, his wives, his mother, and his children in The <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_St_Mary_Youghal" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal">Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a> and there is a similar but much larger Boyle monument in <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin">St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin</a>. His elder brother John is also buried in the tomb. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boyles_Monument_St_Patrick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Boyles_Monument_St_Patrick.jpg/220px-Boyles_Monument_St_Patrick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Boyles_Monument_St_Patrick.jpg/330px-Boyles_Monument_St_Patrick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Boyles_Monument_St_Patrick.jpg/440px-Boyles_Monument_St_Patrick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Boyle's Monument in St. Patrick's Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-burke-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-burke_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Burke" class="citation book cs1">Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). <i>Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood</i> (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. 898–899. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9711966-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9711966-2-1"><bdi>0-9711966-2-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burke%27s+Peerage%2C+Baronetage+%26+Knighthood&rft.pages=898-899&rft.edition=107&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage+%26+Gentry&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9711966-2-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Lodge_(archivist)" title="John Lodge (archivist)">Lodge, John</a>, (Keeper of The Rolls), with Archdall, Mervyn, A.M., (member of the Royal Irish Academy), <i>The Peerage of Ireland</i>, Dublin, 1789: 150–1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADBL583R" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=BL583R&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Boyle, Richard (BL583R)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boyle%2C+Richard+%28BL583R%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DBL583R%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lodgearchdall152-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lodgearchdall152_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodge & Archdall, <i>The Peerage of Ireland</i>, 1789: 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Biography_page_133-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Biography_page_133_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithLee1920" class="citation book cs1">Smith, George; Lee, Sidney (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati00smit/page/iii/mode/1up"><i>Concise Dictionary of National Biography, founded 1882 by George Smith</i></a>. [Oxford] Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati00smit/page/133/mode/1up">133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Dictionary+of+National+Biography%2C+founded+1882+by+George+Smith&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=%5BOxford%5D+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofnati00smit%2Fpage%2Fiii%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodge & Archdall, <i>The Peerage of Ireland</i>, 1789: 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFell_Smith1901" class="citation web cs1">Fell Smith, Charlotte (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/maryrichcountess00felluoft/maryrichcountess00felluoft_djvu.txt">"Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick, 1625-1678 : her family and friends"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Mary+Rich%2C+Countess+of+Warwick%2C+1625-1678+%3A+her+family+and+friends&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Fell+Smith&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmaryrichcountess00felluoft%2Fmaryrichcountess00felluoft_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodge & Archdall, <i>The Peerage of Ireland</i>, 1789: 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyttleton 2018, 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021002043523/http://www.clon.ie/text/clients/mdltour.htm">"Clon.ie"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clon.ie/text/clients/mdltour.htm">the original</a> on 2 October 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clon.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clon.ie%2Ftext%2Fclients%2Fmdltour.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p253 The Munster plantation: English migration to Southern Ireland, 1583–1641 By Michael MacCarthy-Morrogh, Oxford University Press, 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Lismore Papers by Rev A Grosart, 1886, Vol 1 (Boyle papers)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wedgwood p.180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wedgwood pp186-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wedgwood p.181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wedgwood p.390</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lenox-Conyngham <i>"Diaries of Ireland"</i> Lilliput Press 1998 p.13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1896" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, Charlotte Fell (1896). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rich, Mary"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Rich,_Mary">"Rich, Mary" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 48. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rich%2C+Mary&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Charlotte+Fell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanny" class="citation book cs1">Canny, Nicholas P. <i><span></span></i>The Upstart Earl:Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork<i><span></span></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Upstart+Earl%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+Earl+of+Cork&rft.aulast=Canny&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownshend1904" class="citation book cs1">Townshend, D (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandlettersg00towngoog"><i><span></span></i>The Life and Letters of the Great Earl of Cork<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Letters+of+the+Great+Earl+of+Cork&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Townshend&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeandlettersg00towngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031013025524/http://www.paulturner.ca/Ireland/Cork/HOB/HOB%20Main.htm">"The History of Bandon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulturner.ca/Ireland/Cork/HOB/HOB%20Main.htm">the original</a> on 13 October 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Bandon&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulturner.ca%2FIreland%2FCork%2FHOB%2FHOB%2520Main.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1998" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, A.L (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020816065300/http://www.mbs-brasses.co.uk/bibliography_Foreign.htm">"The Funerary Monuments of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork"</a>. <i>Church Monuments</i>. <b>13</b>: 70–86. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbs-brasses.co.uk/bibliography_Foreign.htm">the original</a> on 16 August 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Church+Monuments&rft.atitle=The+Funerary+Monuments+of+Richard+Boyle%2C+Earl+of+Cork&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=70-86&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=A.L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbs-brasses.co.uk%2Fbibliography_Foreign.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lyttleton, James, 2018 Richard Boyle's patronage of elite architecture, pages 121-148 in The Colonial World of Richard Boyle, First Earl of Cork. eds David Edwards & Colin Rynne.</li> <li>Wedgwood, C.V. "Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford-a Revaluation" Phoenix Press reissue 2000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of_Cork&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.tinet.ie/~youghal/rboylesm.jpg">Portrait</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/portrait.asp?search=ss&sText=boyle&LinkID=mp01029&rNo=0&role=sit">Earlier portrait at the National Portrait Gallery, London</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson1892" class="citation book cs1">Hutchinson, John (1892). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Men of Kent and Kentishmen/"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Men_of_Kent_and_Kentishmen/">"Men of Kent and Kentishmen/" </a></span>. <i>Men of Kent and Kentishmen</i> (Subscription ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Men+of+Kent+and+Kentishmen%2F&rft.btitle=Men+of+Kent+and+Kentishmen&rft.place=Canterbury&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=Subscription&rft.pub=Cross+%26+Jackman&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Boyle,_Richard_(1566-1643)" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyle, Richard (1566-1643)">Boyle, Richard (1566-1643)</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 6. 1886. pp. 113–116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boyle%2C+Richard+%281566-1643%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.pages=113-116&rft.date=1886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cork,_Richard_Boyle,_1st_Earl_of" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cork, Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of">Cork, Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 155–156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cork%2C+Richard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=155-156&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Compendium_of_Irish_Biography/Boyle,_Richard,_Earl_of_Cork" class="extiw" title="s:A Compendium of Irish Biography/Boyle, Richard, Earl of Cork">Boyle, Richard, Earl of Cork</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/A_Compendium_of_Irish_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="A Compendium of Irish Biography">A Compendium of Irish Biography</a></i>. 1878.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boyle%2C+Richard%2C+Earl+of+Cork&rft.btitle=A+Compendium+of+Irish+Biography&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Boyle%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cork" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Peerage of Ireland</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cork" title="Earl of Cork">Earl of Cork</a> </b><br />1620–1643 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Boyle,_2nd_Earl_of_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard 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text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/3138">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007455083505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/261089">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Boyle, Richard"><a 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