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id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Concurrency (road)</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Concurrency_(road)" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Concurrency+%28road%29" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrong-way_concurrency&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrong-way concurrency">Wrong-way concurrency</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> A concurrency in a road network is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different <a href="/wiki/Route_number" title="Route number">route numbers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> When two roadways share the same <a href="/wiki/Right-of-way_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-of-way (transportation)">right-of-way</a>, it is sometimes called a common section or commons.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Other terminology for a concurrency includes overlap,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> coincidence,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> duplex (two concurrent routes), triplex (three concurrent routes), multiplex (any number of concurrent routes),<a href="#cite_note-m-plex-5">[5]</a> dual routing or triple routing.<a href="#cite_note-1982memo-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-1983memo-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greensboro_road_signs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Greensboro_road_signs.jpg/220px-Greensboro_road_signs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Greensboro_road_signs.jpg/330px-Greensboro_road_signs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Greensboro_road_signs.jpg/440px-Greensboro_road_signs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="838"></a><figcaption>An extreme example: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_in_North_Carolina" title="Interstate 40 in North Carolina">I-40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_85_Business_(North_Carolina)" title="Interstate 85 Business (North Carolina)">I-85 Business</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_29_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 29 in North Carolina">US 29</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_70_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 70 in North Carolina">US 70</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_220_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 220 in North Carolina">US 220</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_421_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 421 in North Carolina">US 421</a> formerly ran concurrently in <a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a>. In 2008, I-40 was rerouted off this road, but was put back on it later that same year with US 220 being rerouted instead. US 421 was also rerouted in 2009. I-85 Business was truncated in 2018, and then eventually decommissioned between 2019-2023.</figcaption></figure> Concurrent numbering can become very common in jurisdictions that allow it. Where multiple routes must pass between a single mountain crossing or over a bridge, or through a major city, it is often economically and practically advantageous for them all to be accommodated on a single physical roadway. In some jurisdictions, however, concurrent numbering is avoided by posting only one route number on highway signs; other route numbers disappear at the start of the concurrency and reappear when it ends. However, any route that becomes unsigned in the middle of the concurrency will still be signed on most maps and road atlases. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Overview">1 Overview</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Regional_examples">2 Regional examples</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#North_America">2.1 North America</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Europe">2.2 Europe</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#The_Middle_East">2.3 The Middle East</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Wrong-way_concurrencies">3 Wrong-way concurrencies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Effect_on_exit_numbers">4 Effect on exit numbers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Consolidation_plans">5 Consolidation plans</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Notes">7 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Most concurrencies are simply a combination of at least two route numbers on the same physical roadway. This is often practically advantageous as well as economically advantageous; it may be better for two route numbers to be combined into one along rivers or through mountain valleys. Some countries allow for concurrencies to occur, however, others specifically do not allow it to happen. In those nations which do permit concurrencies, it can become very common. In these countries, there are a variety of concurrences which can occur. An example of this is the concurrency of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 70 in Pennsylvania">Interstate 70</a> (I-70) and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_(Ohio%E2%80%93New_Jersey)#Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)">I-76</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. I-70 merges with the Pennsylvania Turnpike so the route number can ultimately continue east into Maryland; instead of having a second physical highway built to carry the route, it is combined with the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the I-76 designation.<a href="#cite_note-PennDOT10-8">[8]</a> The longest Interstate Highway concurrency is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">I-80</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">I-90</a> for 278 miles (447 km) across Indiana and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> There are at least two examples of eight-way concurrencies. The first example is in Indianapolis, between exits 46 and 47 of the 53-mile (85 km) I-465 <a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">beltway</a>, where the highway is concurrent with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Indiana" title="Interstate 69 in Indiana">I-69</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_31_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 31 in Indiana">U.S. Highway 31</a> (US 31), <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_36_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 36 in Indiana">US 36</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_40_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 40 in Indiana">US 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_52_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 52 in Indiana">US 52</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_421_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 421 in Indiana">US 421</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_67" title="Indiana State Road 67">State Road 67</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INDOTmap-10">[10]</a> The second example is in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Athens_(Georgia)" title="Downtown Athens (Georgia)">downtown Athens, Georgia</a>, between exits 4 and 8 of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_10_Loop_(Athens)" title="Georgia State Route 10 Loop (Athens)">SR 10 Loop</a>, where the highway is concurrent with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_29_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 29 in Georgia">US 29</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_78_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 78 in Georgia">US 78</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_129_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 129 in Georgia">US 129</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_441_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 441 in Georgia">US 441</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_8" title="Georgia State Route 8">SR 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_15" title="Georgia State Route 15">SR 15</a>, and the unsigned SR 422.<a href="#cite_note-GDOTAthensmap-11">[11]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Regional_examples">Regional examples</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regional examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: North America" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg/220px-QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg/220px-QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg/330px-QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg/440px-QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way" title="Queen Elizabeth Way">Queen Elizabeth Way</a> concurrent with Highway 403 in Ontario</figcaption></figure> In the United States, concurrencies are simply marked by placing signs for both routes on the same or adjacent posts. The federal <a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a> prescribes that when mounting these adjacent signs together that the numbers will be arranged vertically or horizontally in order of precedence. The order to be used is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Highway">Interstate Highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway">U.S. Highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_highway" title="State highway">state highways</a>, and finally <a href="/wiki/County_road" class="mw-redirect" title="County road">county roads</a>, and within each class by increasing numerical value.<a href="#cite_note-MUTCD2D-12">[12]</a> Several states do not officially have any concurrencies, instead officially ending routes on each side of one.<a href="#cite_note-14">[a]</a> There are several circumstances where unusual concurrencies exist along state borders. One example occurs along the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> state line. At the northern end of this border <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_20" title="Oklahoma State Highway 20">Oklahoma State Highway 20</a> runs concurrently with <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_43" title="Arkansas Highway 43">Arkansas Highway 43</a> and the two highways run north–south along the boundary.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ON_400_TCH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ON_400_TCH.jpg/220px-ON_400_TCH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="701"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ON_400_TCH.jpg/220px-ON_400_TCH.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ON_400_TCH.jpg/330px-ON_400_TCH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ON_400_TCH.jpg/440px-ON_400_TCH.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A section of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_400" title="Ontario Highway 400">Ontario Highway 400</a> runs concurrent with a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a>.</figcaption></figure> Concurrencies are also found in Canada. <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_5" title="British Columbia Highway 5">British Columbia Highway 5</a> continues east for 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) concurrently with <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_1" title="British Columbia Highway 1">Highway 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_97" title="British Columbia Highway 97">Highway 97</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Kamloops" title="Kamloops">Kamloops</a>. This stretch of road, which carries Highway 97 south and Highway 5 north on the same roadway (and vice versa), is the only wrong-way concurrency in British Columbia. Concurrencies are also very common in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Most notably, the <a href="/wiki/Samuel-de-Champlain_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge">Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge</a> features a concurrency with three Autoroutes: <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_10" title="Quebec Autoroute 10">A-10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_15" title="Quebec Autoroute 15">A-15</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_20" title="Quebec Autoroute 20">A-20</a>. Another example is <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_55" title="Quebec Autoroute 55">A-55</a>, which runs concurrently with A-10, A-20, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40" title="Quebec Autoroute 40">A-40</a>, all of which are major highways. In <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way" title="Queen Elizabeth Way">Queen Elizabeth Way</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403" title="Ontario Highway 403">Highway 403</a> run concurrently between <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">Burlington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville</a>, forming the province's only concurrency between two <a href="/wiki/400-series_highways_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="400-series highways (Ontario)">400-series highways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MTO10-16">[15]</a> The concurrency was not in the original plan which intended for both the QEW and Highway 403 to run parallel to each other, as the Hamilton–Brantford and Mississauga sections of Highway 403 were initially planned to be linked up along a corridor (later planned to be <a href="/wiki/Toll_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Toll highway">tolled</a>) now occupied by <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_407" title="Ontario Highway 407">Highway 407</a>. To avoid forcing drivers to pay tolls to use a section of a continuous Highway 403, the new link was designated as a western extension of the tolled Highway 407, with the Mississauga section of Highway 403 planned to be renumbered as Highway 410. The renumbering to 410 never came to pass,<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> and consequently Highway 403 was signed concurrently along the Queen Elizabeth Way in 2002, remedying the discontinuity. Nonetheless, many surface street signs referring to that section of freeway with the QEW/Highway 403 concurrency still only use the highway's original designation of QEW, although the MTO has updated route markers on the QEW to reflect the concurrency.<a href="#cite_note-concurrency-18">[17]</a> At the national level, the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a>, which does not bear a uniform number in the eastern provinces, follows various provincial highways. In the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Provinces">Atlantic Provinces</a> the main designated TCH route either follows a single numbered route across each province (an exception being the switching of the designation between <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Highway_104" title="Nova Scotia Highway 104">Nova Scotia Highways 104</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Highway_105" title="Nova Scotia Highway 105">105</a>), or has branches that are signed exclusively as TCH routes. In Ontario and Quebec, The TCH follows a series of provincial highways, and also has branches that follow sections of others that have concurrencies with it, signed with TCH shields alongside the provincial number. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labsk%C3%BD_most,_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg/170px-Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg/170px-Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg/255px-Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg/340px-Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Concurrency of the city beltway, a European road, and three first-class roads in <a href="/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Hradec Králové">Hradec Králové</a>, Czech Republic</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%ADsek,_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je,_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg/220px-P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg/220px-P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg/330px-P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg/440px-P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Concurrency of several cycling routes in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADsek" title="Písek">Písek</a>, Czech Republic</figcaption></figure> In the United Kingdom, routes do not run concurrently with others. Where this would normally occur, the roadway takes the number of only one of the routes (usually, but not always, the most important route), while the other routes are considered to have a gap and are signed in brackets (the equivalent of "to" signs in North America). An example is the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/M60_motorway_(Great_Britain)" title="M60 motorway (Great Britain)">M60</a> and the <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="M62 motorway (Great Britain)">M62</a> northwest of <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>: the motorways coincide for the seven miles (11 km) between junctions 12 and 18 but the motorway between those points is only designated as the M60 (although in this case the same junction numbers would also apply to the M62). <a href="/wiki/International_E-road_network" title="International E-road network">European route</a> numbers as designated by <a href="/wiki/UNECE" class="mw-redirect" title="UNECE">UNECE</a> may have concurrencies (for instance <a href="/wiki/European_route_E15" title="European route E15">E15</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E30" title="European route E30">E30</a> around <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>), but since the E-route numbers are unsigned and unused in the UK, the existence of these concurrencies is purely theoretical. In Sweden and Denmark, the most important highways use only the European route numbers that have cardinal directions. In Sweden the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E6" title="European route E6">European route E6</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E20" title="European route E20">E20</a> run concurrently for 280 kilometres (170 mi). In Denmark the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E47" title="European route E47">E47</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E55" title="European route E55">E55</a> run concurrently for 157 kilometres (98 mi). There are more shorter concurrencies. There are two stretches in Sweden and Denmark where three European routes run concurrently; these are E6, E20 and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E22" title="European route E22">E22</a> in Sweden, and E20, E47, and E55 in Denmark. Along all these concurrencies, all route numbers are posted with signs.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> In the Czech Republic, the European route numbers are only additional, and they are always concurrent with the state route numbering, usually highways or first-class roads. In the state numbering system, concurrences exist only in first-class and second-class roads; third class roads do not have them. The local term for such concurrences is peáž (from the French word péage). In the road register, one of the roads is considered the main ("source") road and the others as the péaging (guest) roads. The official road map enables a maximum of five concurrent routes of the intrastate numbering system.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Cycling routes and hiking routes are often concurrent. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Middle_East">The Middle East</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Middle East" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In Israel, two <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeways</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Highway_6_(Israel)" title="Highway 6 (Israel)">Trans-Israel Highway</a> (Highway 6), and <a href="/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 1 (Israel)">Highway 1</a> run concurrently just east of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shemen_Interchange" title="Ben Shemen Interchange">Ben Shemen Interchange</a>. The concurrency is officially designated "<a href="/wiki/Daniel_Interchange" title="Daniel Interchange">Daniel Interchange</a>", providing half of the possible interchange directions. It is a one-mile (1.6 km) segment consisting of eight lanes providing high-speed access between the two highways. Access from Highway 1 west to Highway 6 south and Highway 6 north to Highway 1 east is provided via <a href="/wiki/Route_431_(Israel)" title="Route 431 (Israel)">Route 431</a>, while access between Highway 1 east to Highway 6 north and Highway 6 south to Highway 1 west are provided at Ben Shemen Interchange. The other movements are provided through the concurrency.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Wrong-way_concurrencies">Wrong-way concurrencies</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wrong-way concurrencies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NB77SB81.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NB77SB81.JPG/220px-NB77SB81.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NB77SB81.JPG/220px-NB77SB81.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NB77SB81.JPG/330px-NB77SB81.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NB77SB81.JPG/440px-NB77SB81.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>This westbound highway in southwestern Virginia simultaneously carries I-77 and I-81 in opposite directions. The wrong-way concurrency is also reflected in US 52 and US 11, which are concurrent with I-77 and I-81, respectively.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OKC_wrongway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OKC_wrongway.svg/170px-OKC_wrongway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="740"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 197px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OKC_wrongway.svg/170px-OKC_wrongway.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="197" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OKC_wrongway.svg/255px-OKC_wrongway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OKC_wrongway.svg/340px-OKC_wrongway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An example of a wrong-way concurrency in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City, Oklahoma">Oklahoma City</a>, Oklahoma; the wrong-way concurrency is highlighted in red.</figcaption></figure> Since highways in the United States and Canada are usually signed with assigned <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_direction" title="Cardinal direction">cardinal directions</a> based on their primary orientation, it is possible for a stretch of roadway shared between two highways to be signed with conflicting, even opposite, cardinal directions in a wrong-way concurrency.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For example, near <a href="/wiki/Wytheville,_Virginia" title="Wytheville, Virginia">Wytheville, Virginia</a>, there is a concurrency between <a href="/wiki/Interstate_77_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 77 in Virginia">Interstate 77</a> (which runs primarily north–south, as it is signed) and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 81 in Virginia">Interstate 81</a> (which runs primarily northeast–southwest, but is also signed north–south). A vehicle might simultaneously be on I-77 northbound and I-81 southbound, while actually traveling due westbound.<a href="#cite_note-VDOT12-22">[21]</a> An unusual example of a three-directional concurrency occurs southeast of <a href="/wiki/Rhinelander,_Wisconsin" title="Rhinelander, Wisconsin">Rhinelander, Wisconsin</a>, where <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_8" title="U.S. Route 8">US 8</a> westbound (the actual compass direction) converges with southbound <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Highway_17" title="Wisconsin Highway 17">Wisconsin Highway 17</a> and northbound <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Highway_47" title="Wisconsin Highway 47">Wisconsin Highway 47</a>, and vice-versa.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Effect_on_exit_numbers">Effect on exit numbers</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Effect on exit numbers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Often when two routes with <a href="/wiki/Exit_number" title="Exit number">exit numbers</a> overlap, one of the routes has its exit numbers dominate over the other and can sometimes result in having two exits of the same number, albeit far from each other along the same highway. An example of this is from the concurrency of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_94_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 94 in Michigan">I-94</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 127 in Michigan">US 127</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a>, Michigan. The concurrent section of freeway has an exit with <a href="/wiki/M-106_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-106 (Michigan highway)">M-106</a>, which is numbered exit 139 using I-94's mileage-based numbers. US 127 also has another exit 139 with the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127_Business_(Mt._Pleasant,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 127 Business (Mt. Pleasant, Michigan)">US 127 business loop</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Michigan" title="Mount Pleasant, Michigan">Mount Pleasant</a>, Michigan. (US 127's <a href="/wiki/Mile_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile marker">mile markers</a> in Michigan reflect the cumulative distance north of the Ohio state line; the numbers resume north of the I-94 overlap and reflect the distance accumulated on that concurrency.)<a href="#cite_note-MDOT13-24">[23]</a> However, there are also instances where the dominant exit number range is far more than the secondary route's highest exit number, for example the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Connector" title="Downtown Connector">concurrency of I-75 and I-85</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>—where <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 75 in Georgia">I-75</a> is dominant—the exit numbers range from 242 to 251, while <a href="/wiki/Interstate_85_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 85 in Georgia">I-85's</a> highest independent <a href="/wiki/Mile_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile marker">mile marker</a> in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> is 179.<a href="#cite_note-GDOT11-12-25">[24]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Consolidation_plans">Consolidation plans</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consolidation plans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NJ_guide_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/NJ_guide_sign.jpg/170px-NJ_guide_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="312"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 220px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/NJ_guide_sign.jpg/170px-NJ_guide_sign.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/NJ_guide_sign.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>US 1/9 concurrency signed on one shield</figcaption></figure> Some brief concurrencies in the past have been eliminated by reassigning the designations along the roadways. This can involve scaling back the terminus of one designation to the end of a concurrent section. At the same time, there could be an extension of another highway designation that is used to replace the newly shortened designation with another one. Between states, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_27_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 27 in Michigan">US 27</a> in Michigan previously ran concurrently with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 69 in Michigan">I-69</a> from the Michigan–Indiana state line to the <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing, Michigan</a>, area. From there it turned northwards to its terminus at <a href="/wiki/Grayling,_Michigan" title="Grayling, Michigan">Grayling</a>. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Transportation" title="Michigan Department of Transportation">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Department_of_Transportation" title="Indiana Department of Transportation">Indiana</a> departments of transportation petitioned the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a> for permission to truncate US 27 at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SCRN99-26">[25]</a> In 2002, Michigan removed the US 27 designation from I-69 and extended the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127" title="U.S. Route 127">US 127</a> designation from Lansing to Grayling.<a href="#cite_note-ranzenberger-27">[26]</a> MDOT's stated reason for the modification was to "reduce confusion along the US 27/US 127 corridor".<a href="#cite_note-27pr-28">[27]</a> After US 27's signage was removed, the highway north of the Lansing area was renumbered US 127, and the US 27 designation was removed from I-69.<a href="#cite_note-27pr-28">[27]</a> Some consolidation schemes involve the use of incorporating two single-digit numbers onto one marker, as along the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1/9" title="U.S. Route 1/9">US 1/9</a> concurrency in northern <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> In the mid-20th century, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> had numerous concurrencies, but the <a href="/wiki/California_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California Legislature</a> removed most of them in a <a href="/wiki/1964_state_highway_renumbering_(California)" title="1964 state highway renumbering (California)">comprehensive reform of highway numbering in 1964</a>.<a href="#cite_note-renumbering-30">[29]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/28px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="561"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/28px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/42px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/56px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Roads" title="Portal:Roads">Roads portal</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/29px-Blank_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1440"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 29px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/29px-Blank_shield.svg.png" data-alt="logo" data-width="29" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/43px-Blank_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/58px-Blank_shield.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:U.S._Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:U.S. Roads">U.S. Roads portal</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Arkansas's highways exist in many officially designated "sections" rather than form concurrencies. <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_131" title="Arkansas Highway 131">Arkansas Highway 131</a> exists in five sections as an example.<a href="#cite_note-db-13">[13]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved December 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2D.+Guide+Signs%3A+Conventional+Roads%2C+%C2%A72D.29%3A+Route+Sign+Assemblies&rft.btitle=Manual+on+Uniform+Traffic+Control+Devices&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=148&rft.edition=Revisions+1%262%2C+2009&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781615835171&rft.au=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmutcd.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fpdfs%2F2009r1r2%2Fmutcd2009r2chpt2d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-db-13"><a href="#cite_ref-db_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanning_and_Research_Division2010" class="citation book cs1">Planning and Research Division (April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707161957/http://www.arkansashighways.com/planning_research/technical_services/databases/Arkansas_Roadlog_2009.zip">State Highways 2009</a> (Database). <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department">Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkansashighways.com/planning_research/technical_services/databases/Arkansas_Roadlog_2009.zip">the original</a> (ZIP) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved April 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Highways+2009&rft.pub=Arkansas+State+Highway+and+Transportation+Department&rft.date=2010-04&rft.au=Planning+and+Research+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkansashighways.com%2Fplanning_research%2Ftechnical_services%2Fdatabases%2FArkansas_Roadlog_2009.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkansas_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Department_Planning_and_Research_Division2010" class="citation map cs1">Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department Planning and Research Division (2010). State Highway Map (Map). 1:950,400. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. § A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Highway+Map&rft.place=Little+Rock&rft.pub=Arkansas+State+Highway+and+Transportation+Department&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Arkansas+State+Highway+and+Transportation+Department+Planning+and+Research+Division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTO10-16"><a href="#cite_ref-MTO10_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Transportation_of_Ontario_Geomatics_Office2010" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transportation_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transportation of Ontario">Ministry of Transportation of Ontario</a> Geomatics Office (2010). Official Road Map / Carte Routière (Map) (2010–11 ed.). 1:250,000 (in English and French). Toronto: Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. § R25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Road+Map+%2F+Carte+Routi%C3%A8re&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=2010%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Transportation+of+Ontario&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Ministry+of+Transportation+of+Ontario+Geomatics+Office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1995" class="citation news cs1">Mitchell, Bob (April 6, 1995). "Rae Announces 407 Extension". Toronto Star. p. BR03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Rae+Announces+407+Extension&rft.pages=BR03&rft.date=1995-04-06&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-concurrency-18"><a href="#cite_ref-concurrency_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426090046/http://www.ogra.org/lib/db2file.asp?fileid=1780">"Signs of the Times"</a>. Milestones. 2 (1). Ontario Good Roads Association: 26, 31. February 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogra.org/lib/db2file.asp?fileid=1780">the original</a> on April 26, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milestones&rft.atitle=Signs+of+the+Times&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26%2C+31&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogra.org%2Flib%2Fdb2file.asp%3Ffileid%3D1780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Check Google Streetview at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Concurrency_(road)&params=55.5500993_N_13.0517037_E_">55°33′00″N 13°03′06″E / 55.5500993°N 13.0517037°E / 55.5500993; 13.0517037</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Concurrency_(road)&params=55.5800398_N_12.2615534_E_">55°34′48″N 12°15′42″E / 55.5800398°N 12.2615534°E / 55.5800398; 12.2615534</a> and neighboring locations[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095649/http://www.rsd.cz/doprava/atrhlp/hs5130.htm">"Číslo peažující silnice], explanatory notes to the road map, Ředitelství silnic a dálnic"</a> (in Czech). Directorate of Roads and Highways. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsd.cz/doprava/atrhlp/hs5130.htm">the original</a> on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%8C%C3%ADslo+pea%C5%BEuj%C3%ADc%C3%AD+silnice%5D%2C+explanatory+notes+to+the+road+map%2C+%C5%98editelstv%C3%AD+silnic+a+d%C3%A1lnic&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Roads+and+Highways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsd.cz%2Fdoprava%2Fatrhlp%2Fhs5130.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFעורכת_אחראית_אלנה_בלינקיElena_Belinki2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">עורכת אחראית אלנה בלינקי; Elena Belinki (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714114647/http://www.books.mapa.co.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=172:2011-08-24-09-41-24&catid=11:maps&Itemid=12">2014 אטלס הזהב</a> [Atlas HaZahav 2014] (in Hebrew) (9th ed.). מפה הוצאה לאור [Mapa Publishing]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-521-136-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-521-136-8"><bdi>978-965-521-136-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.books.mapa.co.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=172:2011-08-24-09-41-24&catid=11:maps&Itemid=12">the original</a> on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2014+%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1+%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%D7%91&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8+%5BMapa+Publishing%5D&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-965-521-136-8&rft.au=%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99&rft.au=Elena+Belinki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.books.mapa.co.il%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D172%3A2011-08-24-09-41-24%26catid%3D11%3Amaps%26Itemid%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VDOT12-22"><a href="#cite_ref-VDOT12_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirginia_Department_of_Transportation2012" class="citation map cs1"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Department_of_Transportation" title="Virginia Department of Transportation">Virginia Department of Transportation</a> (2012). 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Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.route.transportation.org/Documents/1999-USRN_Cmte.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 16, 2017. 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Retrieved August 23, 2012 – via <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Sun&rft.atitle=US+127+Signs+Getting+Updated&rft.pages=1A%2C+6A&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22378715&rft.aulast=Ranzenberger&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fiw-search%2Fwe%2FInfoWeb%3Fp_action%3Ddoc%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_docnum%3D1%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26p_product%3DAWNB%26p_text_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%3D%28%252012050B7ED0067678%2520%29%26p_docid%3D12050B7ED0067678%26p_theme%3Daggdocs%26p_queryname%3D12050B7ED0067678%26f_openurl%3Dyes%26p_nbid%3DV5CS57OSMTM2NTUzMjcwNC43MjYwMDU6MTo4OnJhLTUwODgw%26%26p_multi%3DMPMB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27pr-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-27pr_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-27pr_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebnarBott2002" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Debnar, Kari & Bott, Mark (January 14, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michiganhighways.org/indepth/US-27_deleted_MDOT_PressRelease.pdf">"US 27 Designation Soon To Be Deleted from Michigan Highways"</a> (PDF) (Press release). 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