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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=km" class=""><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។" class=""><span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទំព័រសម្រាប់អ្នកកែសម្រួលដែលបានកត់ឈ្មោះចេញ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:Introduction" aria-label="ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែមអំពីការកែសម្រួល"><span>ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែម</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="បញ្ជីកំណែប្រែធ្វើឡើងពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ការរួមចំណែក</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីកំណែប្រែដែលធ្វើឡើងចេញពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eលាក់\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv 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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">មាតិកា</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ក្បាលទំព័រ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ_អត្ថន័យ_និងប្រភពដើម" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ_អត្ថន័យ_និងប្រភពដើម"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១</span> <span>និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ អត្ថន័យ និងប្រភពដើម</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ_អត្ថន័យ_និងប្រភពដើម-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ការប្រើប្រាស់" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ការប្រើប្រាស់"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">២</span> <span>ការប្រើប្រាស់</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ការប្រើប្រាស់-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-វិចិត្រសាល" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#វិចិត្រសាល"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">៣</span> <span>វិចិត្រសាល</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-វិចិត្រសាល-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="មាតិកា" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">នមស្តេ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ៥១ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">៥១ ភាសា</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – អាហ្វ្រិកាន" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="អាហ្វ្រិកាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ناماستي – អារ៉ាប់" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناماستي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Намасте – ប៊ុលហ្ការី" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Намасте" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="নমস্কার – បង់ក្លាដែស" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নমস্কার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="បង់ក្លាដែស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0maste" title="Nàmaste – កាតាឡាន" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nàmaste" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="កាតាឡាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namast%C3%A9" title="Namasté – ឆែក" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Namasté" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ឆែក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – អាល្លឺម៉ង់" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – អង់គ្លេស" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="អង់គ្លេស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1maste" title="Námaste – អេស្ប៉ាញ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Námaste" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="អេស្ប៉ាញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – បាសខ៍" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="បាសខ៍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87" title="ناماسته – ភឺសៀន" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناماسته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ភឺសៀន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ហ្វាំងឡង់" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ហ្វាំងឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namast%C3%A9" title="Namasté – បារាំង" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Namasté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="បារាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ហ្គូរ៉ានី" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ហ្គូរ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%94" title="נמסטה – ហេប្រឺ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נמסטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ហេប្រឺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87" title="नमस्ते – ហិណ្ឌី" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नमस्ते" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ហិណ្ឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5" title="Նամաստե – អាមេនី" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նամաստե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="អាមេនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namast%C3%A9" title="Namasté – អ៊ីតាលី" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Namasté" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីតាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86" title="ナマステ – ជប៉ុន" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナマステ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ជប៉ុន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ – ខាណាដា" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ខាណាដា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C" title="나마스테 – កូរ៉េ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나마스테" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="កូរ៉េ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – លីទុយអានី" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="លីទុយអានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ឡាតវី" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ឡាតវី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87" title="नमस्ते – ម៉ៃធីលី" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नमस्ते" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ម៉ៃធីលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നമസ്കാരം – ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നമസ്കാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87" title="नमस्ते – នេប៉ាល់" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नमस्ते" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="នេប៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE" title="ज्वजलपा – នេវ៉ាវី" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्वजलपा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="នេវ៉ាវី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namast%C3%A9" title="Namasté – ហូឡង់" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Namasté" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ហូឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87" title="ਨਮਸਤੇ – បឹនជាពិ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਮਸਤੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="បឹនជាពិ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ប៉ូឡូញ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ប៉ូឡូញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namast%C3%AA" title="Namastê – ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Namastê" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – រូម៉ានី" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="រូម៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Намасте – រុស្ស៊ី" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Намасте" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="រុស្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ – សាន់តាលី" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="សាន់តាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – សឺបូក្រូអាត" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="សឺបូក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ស្លូវ៉ានី" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Намасте – ស៊ែប" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Намасте" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ស៊ែប" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – ស៊ុយអែត" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ស៊ុយអែត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வணக்கம் – តាមីល" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வணக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="តាមីល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="నమస్కారం – តេលុគុ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నమస్కారం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="តេលុគុ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Намасте – តាតា" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Намасте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="តាតា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Намасте – អាត់មូដ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Намасте" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="អាត់មូដ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Намасте – អ៊ុយក្រែន" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Намасте" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយក្រែន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%92" title="نمستے – អ៊ូរឌូ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نمستے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូរឌូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste – វៀតណាម" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Namaste" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="វៀតណាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B4" title="那摩斯戴 – ចិន" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="那摩斯戴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60653#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់អន្តរភាសា" class="wbc-editpage">កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:An_Oberoi_Hotel_employee_doing_Namaste,_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/An_Oberoi_Hotel_employee_doing_Namaste%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/220px-An_Oberoi_Hotel_employee_doing_Namaste%2C_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/An_Oberoi_Hotel_employee_doing_Namaste%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/330px-An_Oberoi_Hotel_employee_doing_Namaste%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/An_Oberoi_Hotel_employee_doing_Namaste%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption> ការចុចដៃរួមគ្នាដោយស្នាមញញឹមដើម្បីស្វាគមន៍ <i>នមស្តេ</i> ដែលជាកាយវិការវប្បធម៌ទូទៅនៅក្នុងប្រទេសឥណ្ឌា</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>នមស្តេ</b></i> ( <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="អក្សរទេវនាគរី">ទេវនាគរី</a> : नमस्ते) ជួនកាលគេហៅថា <i><b>នមស្ការ</b></i> និង <i><b>នមស្ការំ</b></i> គឺជាទំនៀមទម្លាប់ ហិណ្ឌូ <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> របៀបនៃ ការស្វាគមន៍ ដោយគោរព និងផ្តល់កិត្តិយសដល់បុគ្គល ឬក្រុម ប្រើនៅពេលណាមួយនៃថ្ងៃ។ <sup id="cite_ref-kvsingh_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kvsingh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> វាត្រូវបានគេប្រើនៅក្នុង ឧបទ្វីបឥណ្ឌា និងក្នុងចំណោម ជនភៀសខ្លួន ឥណ្ឌា និងនេប៉ាល់។ <i>នមស្តេ</i> ជាធម្មតាត្រូវបាននិយាយដោយប្រើធ្នូបន្តិច និងដៃសង្កត់ជាមួយគ្នា បាតដៃស្ទាប និងម្រាមដៃចង្អុលឡើងលើ មេដៃនៅជិតទ្រូង។ កាយវិការនេះត្រូវបានគេហៅថា <i><b>អញ្ជលី មុទ្រា</b></i> ; ឥរិយាបទឈរដែលរួមបញ្ចូលវាជា <i><b>ប្រនាមា</b></i> ។ <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ_អត្ថន័យ_និងប្រភពដើម"><span id=".E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A_.E1.9E.A2.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.90.E1.9E.93.E1.9F.90.E1.9E.99_.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.84.E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.97.E1.9E.96.E1.9E.8A.E1.9E.BE.E1.9E.98"></span>និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ អត្ថន័យ និងប្រភពដើម</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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.text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style> <p><i>នមស្តេ</i> ( <i>នមស</i> + <i>តេ</i> ) មានប្រភពមកពី <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%8F" title="សំស្ក្រឹត">សំស្រ្កឹត</a> និងជាការរួមបញ្ចូលគ្នានៃពាក្យ <i>នមស</i> និង សព្វនាម មនុស្សទីពីរនៅក្នុងទម្រង់ enclitic របស់វា <i>តេ</i> ។ ពាក្យ <i>នមៈ</i> យកពាក្យ Sandhi ពី <i>នមស</i> មុនសំឡេង <i>តេ</i> ។ <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>វាត្រូវបានរកឃើញនៅក្នុងអក្សរសិល្ប៍ វេទ ។ <i>នមស-ក្រិត</i> និងពាក្យដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធមាននៅក្នុងគម្ពីរហិណ្ឌូ <i>រិគវេទ</i> ដូចជានៅក្នុង <i>Vivaha Sukta</i>, ខ 10.85.22 <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ក្នុងន័យនៃ "ការថ្វាយបង្គំ, គោរព", ខណៈពេលដែល <i>នមស្ការ</i> លេចឡើងក្នុងន័យនៃ "ឧទានឧទាន, ការថ្វាយបង្គំ, ការជំរាបសួរ។ ហើយថ្វាយបង្គំ” នៅក្នុង <i>អថវ៌វេទ</i> <i>ថាTaittiriya Samhita, និង Aitareya Brahmana</i> ។ វាគឺជាការបង្ហាញពីការថ្វាយបង្គំ ការគោរពបូជា ការគោរព ការថ្វាយបង្គំ និង «ការថ្វាយបង្គំ» ក្នុងអក្សរសិល្ប៍វេទ និងអត្ថបទក្រោយវេទ ដូចជា <i>មហាភារតៈ</i> ។ <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ឃ្លា <i>នមស-តេ</i> លេចឡើងជាមួយនឹងអត្ថន័យនេះនៅក្នុង <i>Rigveda</i> 8.75.10, <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១០<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Atharvaveda</i> ខ 6.13.2, <i>Taittirya Samhita</i> 2.6.11.2 និងនៅក្នុងឧទាហរណ៍ជាច្រើនទៀតនៅក្នុងអត្ថបទហិណ្ឌូសម័យដើមជាច្រើន។ <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> វាត្រូវបានគេរកឃើញផងដែរនៅក្នុងរូបចម្លាក់សម័យបុរាណ និងមជ្ឈិមសម័យ និងស្នាដៃសិល្បៈចម្លាក់ <i>មណ្ឌប</i> នៅក្នុង <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="ទេវស្ថាន">ប្រាសាទហិណ្ឌូ</a> ។ <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r246401/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> យោងទៅតាមអ្នកជំនាញខាងសរីរវិទ្យា Stephen Phillips ពាក្យ " <i>តេ</i> និង <i>ត្វម</i> " គឺជាទម្រង់មិនផ្លូវការ និងធ្លាប់ស្គាល់នៃ "អ្នក" ជាភាសាសំស្ក្រឹត ហើយជាធម្មតាវាមិនត្រូវបានប្រើសម្រាប់មនុស្សពេញវ័យដែលមិនធ្លាប់ស្គាល់នោះទេ។ វាត្រូវបានបម្រុងទុកសម្រាប់នរណាម្នាក់ដែលធ្លាប់ស្គាល់ ស្និទ្ធស្នាល ទេវភាព ឬកុមារ។ <sup id="cite_ref-phillips2009p272_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phillips2009p272-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ដោយប្រើទម្រង់ ទតិវេ នៃ <i>ត្វម</i> នៅក្នុងការស្វាគមន៍ <i>នមស-តេ</i> មានអត្ថន័យបន្ទាប់បន្សំបង្កប់ន័យប្រៀបធៀបនៅក្នុងពាក្យ។ នេះគឺជាមូលដ្ឋាននៃអត្ថន័យជាក់ស្តែងនៃ <i>នមស-តេ</i> នោះគឺ «ការជំរាបសួរដល់កូន (ដ៏ទេវភាព) (នៅក្នុងចិត្តរបស់អ្នក)»។ <sup id="cite_ref-phillips2009p272_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phillips2009p272-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ក្នុងសម័យបច្ចុប្បន្ន <i>នមៈ</i> មានន័យថា 'ឱន', 'ការថ្វាយបង្គំ', 'ការថ្វាយបង្គំដោយគោរព' ឬ 'ការថ្វាយបង្គំ' <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> និង <i>តេ</i> មានន័យថា 'ដល់អ្នក' ( ករណី ទតិវេ ឯកវចនៈនៃ 'ត្វម') ។ ដូច្នេះ <i>នមស្តេ</i> មានន័យថា "ឱនគោរពអ្នក" ។ <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> នៅក្នុង <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6" title="ហិណ្ឌូសាសនា">សាសនាហិណ្ឌូ</a> វាក៏មានការនាំចូលខាងវិញ្ញាណដែលឆ្លុះបញ្ចាំងពីជំនឿដែលថា "ទេវភាព និងខ្លួនឯង ( អត្មន, Self) គឺដូចគ្នានៅក្នុងអ្នក និងខ្ញុំ" ហើយមានន័យថា "ខ្ញុំក្រាបថ្វាយបង្គំព្រះនៅក្នុងអ្នក" ។ <sup id="cite_ref-kvsingh_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kvsingh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> យោងទៅតាមសង្គមវិទូ Holly Oxhandler វាគឺជាពាក្យហិណ្ឌូដែលមានន័យថា "ពិសិដ្ឋនៅក្នុងខ្ញុំទទួលស្គាល់ភាពពិសិដ្ឋនៅក្នុងអ្នក" ។ <sup id="cite_ref-Oxhandlerp168_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxhandlerp168-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>វ៉ារ្យ៉ង់ដែលមិនសូវសាមញ្ញត្រូវបានប្រើក្នុងករណីមានមនុស្សបីនាក់ឬច្រើននាក់ដែលត្រូវបានដោះស្រាយគឺ <i>នមោ វះ</i> ដែលជាការរួមបញ្ចូលគ្នានៃ <i>នមៈ</i> និង <i>ប្រោនូម</i> ពហុវចនៈមនុស្សទីពីរ enclitic ។ ពាក្យ <i>នមះ</i> យកពាក្យ Sandhi ពី <i>នមោ</i> មុនសំឡេង <i>v</i> ។ ឯ <i>នមះ</i> ដែលជាការរួមផ្សំគ្នានៃ <i>វាម</i> និងបុគ្គលទីពីរ <i>សព្វនាម</i> ទ្វេ ។ <sup id="cite_ref-fm_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fm-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ការប្រើប្រាស់"><span id=".E1.9E.80.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.BE.E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.8B"></span>ការប្រើប្រាស់</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81&action=edit&section=2" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ការប្រើប្រាស់"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>កាយវិការនេះត្រូវបានគេប្រើយ៉ាងទូលំទូលាយនៅទូទាំងឧបទ្វីបឥណ្ឌា ផ្នែកនៃអាស៊ី និងកន្លែងដែលប្រជាជនដើមកំណើតអាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍បានធ្វើចំណាកស្រុក។ <i>នមស្តេ</i> ត្រូវបានគេប្រើជាទម្រង់ការគោរពនៃការស្វាគមន៍ ការទទួលស្គាល់ និងស្វាគមន៍សាច់ញាតិ ភ្ញៀវ ឬមនុស្សចម្លែក។ <sup id="cite_ref-jonesryan_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jonesryan-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> នៅក្នុងបរិបទខ្លះ <i>ពាក្យ នមស្តេ</i> ត្រូវបានប្រើប្រាស់ដោយមនុស្សម្នាក់ដើម្បីបង្ហាញពីការដឹងគុណចំពោះជំនួយដែលបានផ្តល់ ឬផ្តល់ឲ្យ និងដើម្បីថ្លែងអំណរគុណដល់បុគ្គលផ្សេងទៀតចំពោះសេចក្តីសប្បុរសដ៏សប្បុរសរបស់គាត់។ <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>នមស្ការ</i> គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃ <i id="mw1Q">upacharas</i> ទាំង 16 (ការគោរពបូជា) ដែលត្រូវបានប្រើនៅក្នុងប្រាសាទឬកន្លែងណាមួយនៃ បូជា ផ្លូវការ (ថ្វាយបង្គំ) ។ <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២០<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>នមស្តេ</i> នៅក្នុងបរិបទនៃការថ្វាយបង្គំព្រះ អ្នកប្រាជ្ញសន្និដ្ឋានថា <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> មានមុខងារដូចគ្នានឹងការស្វាគមន៍ភ្ញៀវឬនរណាម្នាក់ផ្សេងទៀត។ វាបង្ហាញពីភាពគួរសម ការគួរសម កិត្តិយស និងការរាក់ទាក់ពីមនុស្សម្នាក់ទៅម្នាក់ទៀត។ វាត្រូវបានគេប្រើនៅក្នុងការលាផងដែរ។ នេះជួនកាលត្រូវបានបង្ហាញនៅក្នុងគម្ពីរហិណ្ឌូបុរាណដូចជា Taittiriya Upanishad ដូចជា Atithi Devo Bhava (ព្យញ្ជនៈចាត់ទុកភ្ញៀវដូចជាព្រះ)។ <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>នមស្តេ</i> គឺជាទម្រង់មួយក្នុងចំណោមទម្រង់ទាំងប្រាំមួយនៃ ប្រណម ហើយនៅក្នុងផ្នែកខ្លះនៃប្រទេសឥណ្ឌា ពាក្យទាំងនេះត្រូវបានប្រើប្រាស់មានន័យដូចគ្នា។ <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ដោយសារ នមស្តេ គឺជាទម្រង់នៃការស្វាគមន៍ដែលមិនទាក់ទងគ្នា មេដឹកនាំពិភពលោកមួយចំនួនបានយកកាយវិការនេះជាជម្រើសមួយសម្រាប់ការចាប់ដៃក្នុងអំឡុងពេល <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A_%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9" title="ជំងឺរាតត្បាតកូវីដ ១៩">ជំងឺរាតត្បាត Coronavirus ឆ្នាំ 2020</a> ជាមធ្យោបាយមួយដើម្បីការពារការរីករាលដាលនៃមេរោគ។ <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="វិចិត្រសាល"><span id=".E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.85.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9B"></span>វិចិត្រសាល</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81&action=edit&section=3" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ វិចិត្រសាល"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r312616">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/the-history-of-namaste">"How 'Namaste' Entered The English Language"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i> (in អង់គ្លេស)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=How+%27Namaste%27+Entered+The+English+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fwords-at-play%2Fthe-history-of-namaste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religionnews.com/2020/10/01/why-namaste-has-become-the-perfect-pandemic-greeting/">"Why 'namaste' has become the perfect pandemic greeting"</a>. <i>Religion News Service</i> (in American English). 2020-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Religion+News+Service&rft.atitle=Why+%27namaste%27+has+become+the+perfect+pandemic+greeting&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freligionnews.com%2F2020%2F10%2F01%2Fwhy-namaste-has-become-the-perfect-pandemic-greeting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413010919/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/ways-people-around-world-say-hello-without-touching-coronavirus">"Here's the history behind these no-touch greetings"</a>. <i>Travel</i> (in អង់គ្លេស). 2020-03-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/ways-people-around-world-say-hello-without-touching-coronavirus">the original</a> on April 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel&rft.atitle=Here%27s+the+history+behind+these+no-touch+greetings&rft.date=2020-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fways-people-around-world-say-hello-without-touching-coronavirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kvsingh-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kvsingh_4-0">៤,០</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kvsingh_4-1">៤,១</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uzoHCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123"><i>Hindu Rites and Rituals: Origins and Meanings</i></a>. 2015. pp. 123–124. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0143425106" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0143425106">978-0143425106</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uzoHCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123">https://books.google.com/books?id=uzoHCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Rites+and+Rituals%3A+Origins+and+Meanings&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B123%E2%80%93124&rft.isbn=978-0143425106&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuzoHCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT123&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="km" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "kvsingh" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Chatterjee, Gautam (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111165355/https://books.google.com/books?id=NQ0XQHEkuIcC"><i>Sacred Hindu Symbols</i></a>, Abhinav Publications, pp. 47–48, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/9788170173977" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/9788170173977">9788170173977</a>, Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NQ0XQHEkuIcC">the original</a>  on 2017-01-11<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111165355/https://books.google.com/books?id=NQ0XQHEkuIcC">https://web.archive.org/web/20170111165355/https://books.google.com/books?id=NQ0XQHEkuIcC</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, បានយកមក 2017-12-28</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Hindu+Symbols&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Gautam&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C%26%2332%3BGautam&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B47%E2%80%9348&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.isbn=9788170173977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170111165355%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNQ0XQHEkuIcC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanskritdictionary.org/namah">Namah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827185125/http://sanskritdictionary.org/namah">Archived</a> 2014-08-27 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. Sanskrit Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"उदीर्ष्वातो विश्वावसो <b>नमसेळा महे त्वा</b> । अन्यामिच्छ प्रफर्व्यं सं जायां पत्या सृज <a class="external text" href="https://sa.wikisource.org/s/139l">॥२२॥</a>, Griffith translates it as, "Rise up from hence, Visvavasu, <b>with reverence we worship thee</b>. Seek thou another willing maid, and with her husband leave the bride; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_10/Hymn_85" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 85">RV, Griffith, Wikisource</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200105034457/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_10/Hymn_85">Archived</a> 2020-01-05 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>.; other instances include RV 9.11.6 and many other Vedic texts; for a detailed list, see Maurice Bloomfield, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/vedicconcordance00bloouoft#page/532/mode/2up">Vedic Concordance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331215229/https://archive.org/stream/vedicconcordance00bloouoft#page/532/mode/2up">Archived</a> 2019-03-31 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., Harvard University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monier Monier-Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc/servepdf.php?page=528">Sanskrit-English Dictionary with Etymology Namas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518095046/https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc/servepdf.php?page=528">Archived</a> 2019-05-18 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., Oxford University Press, p. 528</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc/indexcaller.php?input=HK&output=SktRomanUnicode&citation=caraka">namas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006195739/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc/indexcaller.php?input=HK&output=SktRomanUnicode&citation=caraka">Archived</a> 2018-10-06 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 edition], Harvard University update (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://sa.wikisource.org/s/13ky">RV 8.75.10, Wikisource</a>:<br /><br /> <b>नमस्ते</b> अग्न ओजसे गृणन्ति देव कृष्टयः ।<br /><br />Translation: "<b>Homage to</b> your power, Agni! The separate peoples hymn you, o god."<br /><br />Translators: Stephanie Jamison & Joel Brereton (2014), <i>The Rigveda</i>, Volume 2 of three, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-01-99363-780" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-01-99363-780">978-01-99363-780</a>, p. 1172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice Bloomfield, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/vedicconcordance00bloouoft#page/532/mode/2up">Vedic Concordance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331215229/https://archive.org/stream/vedicconcordance00bloouoft#page/532/mode/2up">Archived</a> 2019-03-31 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., Harvard University Press, pp. 532–533</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vOwtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Namaste: Its Philosophy and Significance in Indian Culture</i></a>. 1979. pp. vii–viii with listed pages<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vOwtAAAAMAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=vOwtAAAAMAAJ</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Namaste%3A+Its+Philosophy+and+Significance+in+Indian+Culture&rft.date=1979&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3Bvii%E2%80%93viii+with+listed+pages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvOwtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phillips2009p272-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-phillips2009p272_13-0">១៣,០</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-phillips2009p272_13-1">១៣,១</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cRg2AAAAQBAJ"><i>Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy</i></a>. Columbia University Press. 2009. pp. 272 note 26. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-231-51947-2" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-231-51947-2">978-0-231-51947-2</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cRg2AAAAQBAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=cRg2AAAAQBAJ</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga%2C+Karma%2C+and+Rebirth%3A+A+Brief+History+and+Philosophy&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B272+note+26&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-231-51947-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcRg2AAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925085740/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/tamil/recherche?dictionary=mwd&st=namas&prst=exact&en=&pren=exact&maxhits=50">"Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon"</a>, <i>Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cologne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Cologne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">University of Cologne</a>, Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/tamil/recherche?dictionary=mwd&st=namas&prst=exact&en=&pren=exact&maxhits=50">the original</a>  on September 25, 2013<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925085740/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/tamil/recherche?dictionary=mwd&st=namas&prst=exact&en=&pren=exact&maxhits=50">https://web.archive.org/web/20130925085740/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/tamil/recherche?dictionary=mwd&st=namas&prst=exact&en=&pren=exact&maxhits=50</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, បានយកមក March 24, 2012</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cologne+Digital+Sanskrit+Lexicon&rft.atitle=Cologne+Digital+Sanskrit+Dictionaries&rft.pub=%5B%5BUniversity+of+Cologne%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130925085740%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftamil%2Frecherche%3Fdictionary%3Dmwd%26st%3Dnamas%26prst%3Dexact%26en%3D%26pren%3Dexact%26maxhits%3D50&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=namaste&searchmode=none">Namaste</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302231046/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=namaste&searchmode=none">Archived</a> 2014-03-02 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. Douglas Harper, Etymology Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxhandlerp168-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Oxhandlerp168_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Oxhandler, Holly (2017). "Namaste Theory: A Quantitative Grounded Theory on Religion and Spirituality in Mental Health Treatment". <i>Religions</i> <b>8</b> (9). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670" class="extiw" title="d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel8090168">10.3390/rel8090168</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fm-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fm_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="km" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>fm</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-jonesryan-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jonesryan_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Constance Jones and James D. Ryan, <i>Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-8160-5458-9" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-8160-5458-9">978-0-8160-5458-9</a>, p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Shaules (2007), Deep Culture: The Hidden Challenges of Global Living, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-1847690166" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-1847690166">978-1847690166</a>, pp. 68–70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"> (ជាen) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ufOAAAAAQBAJ&dq=namaskara+upachara&pg=PA209"><i>Racial Synthesis in Hindu Culture</i></a>. 2013-08-21. pp. 209. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-1-136-38420-2" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-1-136-38420-2">978-1-136-38420-2</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ufOAAAAAQBAJ&dq=namaskara+upachara&pg=PA209">https://books.google.com/books?id=ufOAAAAAQBAJ&dq=namaskara+upachara&pg=PA209</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racial+Synthesis+in+Hindu+Culture&rft.date=2013-08-21&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B209&rft.isbn=978-1-136-38420-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DufOAAAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dnamaskara%2Bupachara%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Lochtefeld, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 2, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/0-8239-2287-1" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/0-8239-2287-1">0-8239-2287-1</a>, 720 pp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Fuller, C. J. (2004), <i>The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India</i>, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 66–70, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-691-12048-5" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-691-12048-5">978-0-691-12048-5</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Camphor+Flame%3A+Popular+Hinduism+and+Society+in+India&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft.au=Fuller%2C%26%2332%3BC.+J.&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B66%E2%80%9370&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12048-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberto De Nobili, Preaching Wisdom to the Wise: Three Treatises, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-1880810378" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-1880810378">978-1880810378</a>, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Chatterjee (2003), <i>Sacred Hindu Symbols</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-8170173977" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-8170173977">978-8170173977</a>, pp. 47–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-51854798">"Coronavirus: Indian greeting namaste goes global"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. March 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Indian+greeting+namaste+goes+global&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-asia-india-51854798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/greet-the-indian-way-israeli-pm-urges-citizens-to-adopt-namaste-instead-of-handshakes-to-avoid-covid/561118">"Greet the Indian way: Israeli PM urges citizens to adopt 'Namaste' instead of handshakes to avoid COVID-19"</a>. <i>www.timesnownews.com</i> (in អង់គ្លេស). 5 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312033101/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/greet-the-indian-way-israeli-pm-urges-citizens-to-adopt-namaste-instead-of-handshakes-to-avoid-covid/561118">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesnownews.com&rft.atitle=Greet+the+Indian+way%3A+Israeli+PM+urges+citizens+to+adopt+%27Namaste%27+instead+of+handshakes+to+avoid+COVID-19&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesnownews.com%2Findia%2Farticle%2Fgreet-the-indian-way-israeli-pm-urges-citizens-to-adopt-namaste-instead-of-handshakes-to-avoid-covid%2F561118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">បានពី "<a dir="ltr" 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