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class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Governor of New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor_of_New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freemasonry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freemasonry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Freemasonry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freemasonry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erie_Canal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erie_Canal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erie Canal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erie_Canal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Philanthropy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ديويت كلينتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديويت كلينتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="دوایت کلینتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوایت کلینتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="דוויט קלינטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוויט קלינטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ديويت كلينتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديويت كلينتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="デウィット・クリントン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デウィット・クリントン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82" title="Клинтон, Девитт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клинтон, Девитт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="DeWitt Clinton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Девітт Клінтон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Девітт Клінтон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF" title="德威特·克林顿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1769-1828)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the steam locomotive, see <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_(locomotive)" title="DeWitt Clinton (locomotive)">DeWitt Clinton (locomotive)</a>. For the American intelligence officer who worked in Russia, see <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_Poole" title="DeWitt Clinton Poole">DeWitt Clinton Poole</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">DeWitt Clinton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/220px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/330px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/440px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1924" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Peale" title="Rembrandt Peale">Rembrandt Peale</a> (1823)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">7th & 9th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1825 – February 11, 1828</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Tallmadge_Jr." title="James Tallmadge Jr.">James Tallmadge Jr.</a><br />Nathaniel Pitcher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Yates" title="Joseph C. Yates">Joseph C. Yates</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Pitcher" title="Nathaniel Pitcher">Nathaniel Pitcher</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 1, 1817 – January 1, 1823</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">John Tayler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John Tayler <span style="font-size:85%;">(acting)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Joseph C. Yates</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">47th, 49th and 51st <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1811–1815</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Jacob Radcliff</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Ferguson_(New_York_politician)" title="John Ferguson (New York politician)">John Ferguson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1808–1810</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">Marinus Willett</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jacob Radcliff</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1803–1807</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Edward Livingston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Marinus Willett</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lieutenant Governor of New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1811–1813</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John Tayler <span style="font-size:85%;">(acting)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John Tayler</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 9, 1802 – November 4, 1803</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John Armstrong Jr.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1769-03-02</span>)</span>March 2, 1769<br /><a href="/wiki/Little_Britain,_New_York" title="Little Britain, New York">Little Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 11, 1828<span style="display:none">(1828-02-11)</span> (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Maria Franklin</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1796; died 1818)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Catharine Jones</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1819)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">10, including <a href="/wiki/George_W._Clinton" title="George W. Clinton">George W. Clinton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewitt_Clinton_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="DeWitt Clinton's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dewitt_Clinton_Signature.svg/128px-Dewitt_Clinton_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dewitt_Clinton_Signature.svg/192px-Dewitt_Clinton_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dewitt_Clinton_Signature.svg/256px-Dewitt_Clinton_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="148" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>DeWitt Clinton</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (March 2, 1769 – February 11, 1828) was an American politician and <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">naturalist</a>. He served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senator</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor of New York City</a>, and as the seventh and ninth <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">governor of New York</a>. In the last capacity, he was largely responsible for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-test_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton was a major candidate for the American presidency in the <a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 United States Presidential Election">election of 1812</a>, challenging incumbent <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>. </p><p>A nephew of two-term U.S. vice president and New York governor <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a>, DeWitt Clinton was his uncle's secretary before launching his own political career. As a <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a>, Clinton won election to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State legislature">New York State legislature</a> in 1798 before briefly serving as a U.S. Senator. Returning to New York, Clinton served three terms as the appointed Mayor of New York City and the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New York">lieutenant governor of New York</a> State. In the 1812 presidential election, Clinton won support from the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalists</a> as well as from a group of Democratic-Republicans who were dissatisfied with Madison. Though Madison won re-election, Clinton carried most of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a> and fared significantly better than the previous two Federalist-supported tickets. After the presidential election, Clinton continued to be affiliated with the Democratic-Republican Party. </p><p>Clinton was governor of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> from 1817 to 1822 and from 1825 to 1828, and presided over the construction of the Erie Canal. Clinton believed that <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> improvements could transform American life, drive economic growth, and encourage political participation. He heavily influenced the development of infrastructure both in New York State and in the United States as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clinton was born on March 2, 1769, the second son born to Major-General <a href="/wiki/James_Clinton" title="James Clinton">James Clinton</a> and his wife Mary De Witt (1737–1795), who was a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> patrician <a href="/wiki/De_Witt_(family)" title="De Witt (family)">De Witt family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Not claimed in source text (February 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was born in <a href="/wiki/Little_Britain,_New_York" title="Little Britain, New York">Little Britain, New York</a>, which today is a hamlet in the western part of <a href="/wiki/New_Windsor,_New_York" title="New Windsor, New York">New Windsor</a>. He attended <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a> Academy and began his college studies at the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">College of New Jersey</a> (now known as Princeton University) before transferring to King's College<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which was renamed <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia College</a> while he was a student there; Clinton was in the first class to graduate under the school's new name.)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the brother of U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_Jr." title="George Clinton Jr.">George Clinton Jr.</a>, the half-brother of U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/James_G._Clinton" title="James G. Clinton">James G. Clinton</a>, and the cousin of <a href="/wiki/Simeon_De_Witt" title="Simeon De Witt">Simeon De Witt</a>. He became the secretary to his uncle <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a>, who was then governor of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon afterwards he became a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_Legislature_and_U.S._Senate">New York Legislature and U.S. Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New York Legislature and U.S. Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clinton was a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> in 1798, and of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> (representing its Southern District) in 1798–1802 and 1806–1811<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Constitutional_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Constitutional Convention">New York State Constitutional Convention</a> in 1801. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Appointments" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Appointments">Council of Appointments</a> in 1801–1802 and 1806–1807.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York State legislature elected him to fill New York's <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator_from_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator from New York">U.S. Senate</a> seat, which had been left vacant by the <a href="/wiki/Resignation_from_the_United_States_Senate" title="Resignation from the United States Senate">resignation</a> of <a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a>; he served in that capacity from February 9, 1802, to November 4, 1803.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned due to unhappiness with his living conditions in the newly built city of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>; next, he was appointed the mayor of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor_of_New_York_City">Mayor of New York City</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mayor of New York City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He served as mayor of New York from 1803 to 1807, 1808 to 1810, and 1811 to 1815. He organized the <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a> in 1804 and was its president, and he was a leader in launching the Erie Canal. He also helped to reorganize the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="American Academy of the Fine Arts">American Academy of the Fine Arts</a> in 1808 and served as its president between 1813 and 1817. He was a regent of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="University of the State of New York">University of the State of New York</a> from 1808 to 1825. Clinton was also elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a> in 1814<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was its vice president from 1821 to 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1816, he was elected a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York">Lieutenant Governor of New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lieutenant Governor of New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1811, the death of <a href="/wiki/John_Broome_(politician)" title="John Broome (politician)">John Broome</a> left a vacancy in the office of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New York">lieutenant governor of New York</a>. In a special election, Clinton defeated the Federalist <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Fish" title="Nicholas Fish">Nicholas Fish</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">Marinus Willett</a> to become lieutenant governor until the end of the term in June 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_campaign">Presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clinton's uncle, George Clinton, had attempted to challenge <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> for the presidency in <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a> but was chosen as the party's vice presidential nominee instead. In 1812, after George Clinton's death, the elder Clinton's supporters gravitated towards DeWitt Clinton. Clinton ran for president as a candidate both for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Federalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> and for a small group of antiwar Democratic-Republicans. In the close election of 1812, Clinton was defeated by President Madison. Clinton received 89 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> to Madison's 128. It was the strongest showing of any Federalist candidate for the U.S. presidency since 1800, and a change in the votes of one or two states would have given Clinton the victory.<sup id="cite_ref-morgan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morgan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor_of_New_York">Governor of New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governor of New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DWClinton.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DWClinton.png/220px-DWClinton.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DWClinton.png/330px-DWClinton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DWClinton.png/440px-DWClinton.png 2x" data-file-width="2411" data-file-height="2931" /></a><figcaption>Gubernatorial portrait of Clinton</figcaption></figure> <p>After the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a>, who had been elected vice president, he won a <a href="/wiki/New_York_gubernatorial_elections" title="New York gubernatorial elections">special gubernatorial election</a> in which he was the only candidate; 1,479 votes were cast for <a href="/wiki/Peter_Buell_Porter" title="Peter Buell Porter">Peter Buell Porter</a> against Clinton's 43,310, because the <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany</a> organization, which fiercely hated Clinton, had printed ballots with Porter's name on them and distributed them among the Tammany followers in New York City. On July 1, 1817, Clinton took office as governor of New York. He was re-elected in 1820, defeating Vice President Tompkins in a narrow race—DeWitt Clinton received 47,447 votes, as opposed to Tompkins's 45,900—and served until December 31, 1822.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his second term, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Constitutional_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Constitutional Convention">New York State Constitutional Convention</a> of 1821 shortened the gubernatorial term to two years and moved the beginning of the term from July 1 to January 1, which cut off the last six months of his three-year term. The gubernatorial election was also moved from April to November, but Clinton was not renominated by his party to run for re-election in November 1822. Even so, he kept his post as president of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal_Commission" title="Erie Canal Commission">Erie Canal Commission</a>. In April 1824, most of his political opponents, the <a href="/wiki/Bucktails" title="Bucktails">Bucktails</a>, voted in the New York State legislature for his removal from the Canal Commission, which caused such a wave of indignation among the electorate that he was nominated for governor by the People's Party and was re-elected governor, defeating the official candidate of the Democratic-Republican Party, his fellow Canal Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Young_(New_York_politician)" title="Samuel Young (New York politician)">Samuel Young</a>. He served another two terms until his sudden death in office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Freemasonry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clinton was a <a href="/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a> <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was initiated in the "Holland" Lodge No. 16 (now No 8), NY on <a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-freemasonrytoday.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freemasonrytoday.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in 1806, he was elected <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Masonic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (Masonic)">Grand Master</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_York" title="Grand Lodge of New York">Grand Lodge of New York</a>. Clinton was essential in establishing the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar in the United States and served as its first, second, and third grand master from 1816 to 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-freemasonrytoday.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freemasonrytoday.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retained the title until his death in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-freemasonrytoday.com_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freemasonrytoday.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1826, the <a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(anti-Mason)" title="William Morgan (anti-Mason)">William Morgan Affair</a> occurred in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_New_York" title="Batavia, New York">Batavia</a>. Morgan, who threatened to publish an exposé of the rituals of Freemasonry, disappeared and was apparently kidnapped and supposedly murdered by Masons. Clinton issued three proclamations, each increasing the reward for information and conviction of the perpetrators until it reached $2,000.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton's proclamations had no effect, however, and the Masonic fraternity underwent a period of severe decline in many regions of the United States because of criticism set off by the scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grand Lodge of New York has established the DeWitt Clinton Award, which recognizes distinguished or outstanding community service by non-Masonic organizations or individuals whose actions exemplify a shared concern for the well-being of Mankind and a belief in the worldwide brotherhood of Man.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erie_Canal">Erie Canal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Erie Canal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeWitt_Clinton_mingling_the_waters_of_Lake_Erie_with_the_Atlantic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/DeWitt_Clinton_mingling_the_waters_of_Lake_Erie_with_the_Atlantic.jpg/220px-DeWitt_Clinton_mingling_the_waters_of_Lake_Erie_with_the_Atlantic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/DeWitt_Clinton_mingling_the_waters_of_Lake_Erie_with_the_Atlantic.jpg/330px-DeWitt_Clinton_mingling_the_waters_of_Lake_Erie_with_the_Atlantic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/DeWitt_Clinton_mingling_the_waters_of_Lake_Erie_with_the_Atlantic.jpg/440px-DeWitt_Clinton_mingling_the_waters_of_Lake_Erie_with_the_Atlantic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Print showing Clinton mingling the waters of Lake Erie and the Atlantic, in a ceremony in 1826 </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a></div> <p>From 1810 to 1824, Clinton was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal_Commission" title="Erie Canal Commission">Erie Canal Commission</a>. He was among its first members, who were appointed in 1810 and planned and surveyed the route to be taken. </p><p>As governor, Clinton was largely responsible for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a>. He was persuaded by Canal proponent <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Hawley_(merchant)" title="Jesse Hawley (merchant)">Jesse Hawley</a> to support construction of a canal from the eastern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> to the upper <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Many thought the project to be impracticable, and opponents mocked it as "Clinton's Folly" and "DeWitt's Ditch".<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in 1817, he persuaded the legislature to appropriate $7 million for its construction. </p><p>When the canal was finished in 1825, Clinton opened it and traveled in the packet boat <i>Seneca Chief</i> along the canal to Buffalo. After riding from the mouth of Lake Erie to New York City, he emptied two casks of water from Lake Erie into <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> to celebrate the first connection of waters from the East with waters from the West. The canal was an immense success, carrying huge numbers of passengers and a huge amount of freight traffic. The cost of moving freight between Buffalo and Albany fell from $100 to $10 per ton, and the state was able to quickly recoup the funds that it had spent on the project by collecting tolls along the canal. The completion of the canal brought about a significant shift in public opinion about Clinton: he was now hailed for having completed the canal. </p><p>That change in public opinion was reflected in the newspapers of the time. They had previously been filled with harsh criticisms of Clinton and the canal, but now celebrated his accomplishment. For example, an article in the <i>New Hampshire Sentinel</i> began: "The efforts of Gov. Clinton to advance the best interest of the State over which he presides are very generally acknowledged both by his constituents and the public abroad. His exertions in favor of the great canal have identified his name with that noble enterprise, and he will be remembered while its benefits are experienced" It ended, "Yield credit to Clinton, and hail him by name". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with financier <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eddy" title="Thomas Eddy">Thomas Eddy</a>, he was a director of New York's earliest savings bank established to serve laborers and the poor, <a href="/wiki/The_Bank_for_Savings_in_the_City_of_New-York" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York">The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewitt_Clinton_G-W_front_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dewitt_Clinton_G-W_front_jeh.jpg/220px-Dewitt_Clinton_G-W_front_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dewitt_Clinton_G-W_front_jeh.jpg/330px-Dewitt_Clinton_G-W_front_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dewitt_Clinton_G-W_front_jeh.jpg/440px-Dewitt_Clinton_G-W_front_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>Clinton Memorial by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kirke_Brown" title="Henry Kirke Brown">Henry Kirke Brown</a>, 1855, at <a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a>, Brooklyn, New York</figcaption></figure> <p>Clinton was married twice. On February 13, 1796, he married Maria Franklin, daughter of the prominent New York <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> merchant Walter Franklin and descendant of <a href="/wiki/John_Bowne" title="John Bowne">John Bowne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fones" title="Elizabeth Fones">Elizabeth Fones</a>. With her, he had ten children, and four sons and three daughters had survived at the time of her death in 1818. Among his children with Franklin was <a href="/wiki/George_William_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="George William Clinton">George William Clinton</a>, who served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Buffalo,_New_York" title="List of mayors of Buffalo, New York">mayor of Buffalo, New York</a> from 1842 to 1843. </p><p>On May 8, 1819, Clinton married Catharine Jones, the daughter of a New York physician, Thomas Jones and his wife, Margaret (née <a href="/wiki/Livingston_family" title="Livingston family">Livingston</a>) Jones (a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Edward Livingston</a>). Catharine's sister, Mary (née Jones) Gelston, was the wife of Deacon Maltby Gelston of <a href="/wiki/Southampton,_New_York" title="Southampton, New York">Southampton</a>, and the mother of <a href="/wiki/David_Gelston" title="David Gelston">David Gelston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collector_of_the_Port_of_New_York" title="Collector of the Port of New York">Collector of the Port of New York</a>. Catharine outlived her husband.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwight1874_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwight1874-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1813, Clinton became a hereditary member of the New York <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a> in succession to his brother, Lieutenant Alexander Clinton, who was an original member of the society.<sup id="cite_ref-Schuyler1886_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuyler1886-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that same year, he was elected as a member to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Clinton died suddenly of heart failure in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> on February 11, 1828, he left his family in poor financial condition. While he was a fine administrator in government, he had handled his own financial affairs rather poorly. As a result, the Clinton family was badly in debt and had no means of support after the governor's death. One creditor alone put in a claim for $6,000. Fearing that he might not get his money, the creditor obtained a judgment that resulted in a public sale of most of the Clinton family possessions. Enough money was realized from the sale of the property to satisfy the judgment, but nothing was left to help the Clinton family through the difficult years ahead. The governor received the grandest of state funerals, but when it was all over, the family had no place to bury him. His widow was completely without funds to purchase a suitable grave site. As a result, Clinton's remains were placed in the family vault of Dr. Samuel Stringer (1735–1817), an old friend and fellow Mason from Albany, in the old Swan Street Cemetery. </p><p>Sixteen years later, enough money was collected to provide a suitable burial. On June 21, 1844, a newspaper in Albany printed this small announcement: "The remains of DeWitt Clinton, which had been deposited in the cemetery in Swan Street, were removed to New York for interment under a monument created by the family." Clinton was reinterred at the <a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_DeWitt_Clinton" title="List of places named for DeWitt Clinton">List of places named for DeWitt Clinton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-$1000-LT-1880-Fr-187k.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US-%241000-LT-1880-Fr-187k.jpg/310px-US-%241000-LT-1880-Fr-187k.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US-%241000-LT-1880-Fr-187k.jpg/465px-US-%241000-LT-1880-Fr-187k.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US-%241000-LT-1880-Fr-187k.jpg/620px-US-%241000-LT-1880-Fr-187k.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3014" /></a><figcaption>$1,000 Legal Tender note, Series 1880, Fr.187k, depicting DeWitt Clinton</figcaption></figure> <p>Clinton's accomplishments as a leader in civic and state affairs included improving the New York public school system, encouraging steam navigation, and modifying the laws governing criminals and debtors. The 1831 <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_(locomotive)" title="DeWitt Clinton (locomotive)"><i>DeWitt Clinton</i> locomotive</a> was named in his honor. The community of <a href="/wiki/Whitestone,_Queens" title="Whitestone, Queens">Whitestone</a>, New York was for several decades after his death known as Clintonville, but reverted to its traditional name; however, the governor is memorialized by Clintonville Street, a major local road. </p> <ul><li>An engraved portrait of Clinton appeared on the Legal Tender (United States Note) issue of 1880 in the $1,000.00 denomination. An illustrated example is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frbsf.org/currency/industrial/legal/562.html">on the website</a> of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_San_Francisco" title="Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco">Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco</a>'s "American Currency Exhibit".</li> <li>In 1926 the DeWitt Clinton Professorship of American History was established at Columbia University; the first to hold the chair was <a href="/wiki/Evarts_Boutell_Greene" title="Evarts Boutell Greene">Evarts Boutell Greene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>DeWitt Clinton became a focus of public attention related to the Erie Canal's bicentennial, which began in 2017 (the 200th anniversary of the original canal's groundbreaking) and will continue through 2025 (the 200th anniversary of the canal's opening). In a New York City event on July 4, 2017, actor Kyle Jenks read Clinton's 1815 canal manifesto on the steps of Federal Hall in lower Manhattan. In December 2017, the Museum of the City of New York completed a renovation of a statue of Clinton, along with one of Alexander Hamilton, located on the museum's exterior. Also that year, a book featuring descendants of DeWitt Clinton exploring ruins of the original canal, titled <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/DeWitts-Footsteps-Seeing-History-Canal/dp/0692902791/ref=sr_1_1/131-4991738-1181168?ie=UTF8&qid=1516119442&sr=8-1&keywords=in+dewitt%27s+footsteps"><i>In DeWitt's Footsteps</i></a>, was published by journalist Kenneth Silber.</li> <li>March 2, 2019 was the 250th anniversary, or semiquincentennial, of DeWitt Clinton's birth. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splicetoday.com/writing/dewitt-clinton-s-sense-of-time">milestone was marked by events</a> at the Erie Canal Museum in Syracuse and the Buffalo Maritime Center.</li> <li>Following his New York Governorship, <i>DeWitt</i> became a popular given name - see <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_(name)" title="DeWitt (name)">DeWitt (name)</a>.</li> <li>The City of <a href="/wiki/DeWitt,_Michigan" title="DeWitt, Michigan">DeWitt, Michigan</a> is named for Clinton. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Both the town and township of <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_New_Jersey" title="Clinton, New Jersey">Clinton, New Jersey</a> are named after him.</li> <li>The township of <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Indiana" title="Clinton, Indiana">Clinton, Indiana</a> is named after him.</li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Louisiana" title="Clinton, Louisiana">Clinton, Louisiana</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Feliciana_Parish,_Louisiana" title="East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana">East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana</a> founded in 1824 is named after him. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clintonia" title="Clintonia">Clintonia</a></i>, a genus of flowering plants described by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a> in 1818,<sup id="cite_ref-Rafinesque_1818_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rafinesque_1818-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was named in honor of DeWitt Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-Quattrocchi_2012_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quattrocchi_2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>His portrait appears on many tobacco tax stamps of the late 1800s to early 1900s.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clinton's name was almost always spelled <i>De Witt</i> during his lifetime.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-test-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-test_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurrows" class="citation journal cs1">Burrows, Edwin G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/content/little-short-madness">"Little Short of Madness"</a>. <i>American Heritage</i> (Winter 2010).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Little+Short+of+Madness&rft.issue=Winter+2010&rft.aulast=Burrows&rft.aufirst=Edwin+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fcontent%2Flittle-short-madness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1849" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, William W. (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F1yw_V0IQyYC"><i>The Life and Writings of De Witt Clinton</i></a>. New York: Baker & Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780795010972" title="Special:BookSources/9780795010972"><bdi>9780795010972</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Writings+of+De+Witt+Clinton&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Baker+%26+Scribner&rft.date=1849&rft.isbn=9780795010972&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF1yw_V0IQyYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howe (2007), p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State" class="citation book cs1">Eisenstadt, Peter R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tmHEm5ohoCUC&pg=PA348"><i>The Encyclopedia of New York State</i></a>. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. pp. 348–349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0808-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0808-0"><bdi>978-0-8156-0808-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+State&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+NY&rft.pages=348-349&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-0808-0&rft.aulast=Eisenstadt&rft.aufirst=Peter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtmHEm5ohoCUC%26pg%3DPA348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State''348–349_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_State"><i>The Encyclopedia of New York State</i></a>, pp. 348–349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikicu.com/DeWitt_Clinton">"DeWitt Clinton"</a>, WikiCU</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistc">"MemberListC"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Worcester: American Antiquarian Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterC.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+C&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morgan-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morgan_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1969" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, William G. (1969). "The Origin and Development of the Congressional Nominating Caucus". <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>113</b> (2): 190–196. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/985965">985965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Origin+and+Development+of+the+Congressional+Nominating+Caucus&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=190-196&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F985965%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/clinton_d/clinton_d.html">"DeWitt Clinton"</a>. <i>freemasonry.bcy.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030622152356/http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/clinton_d/clinton_d.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freemasonry.bcy.ca&rft.atitle=DeWitt+Clinton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonry.bcy.ca%2Fbiography%2Fclinton_d%2Fclinton_d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freemasonrytoday.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-freemasonrytoday.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freemasonrytoday.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freemasonrytoday.com_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masonrytoday.com/index.php?new_month=03&new_day=2&new_year=2015">"DeWitt Clinton"</a>. <i>freemasonrytoday.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425120212/http://www.masonrytoday.com/index.php?new_month=03&new_day=2&new_year=2015">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2018</span>. <q>and served as Eminent Grand Commander of New York Commandery of <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> from 1814 to 1828. He was Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of the United States from 1818 to 1828.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freemasonrytoday.com&rft.atitle=DeWitt+Clinton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masonrytoday.com%2Findex.php%3Fnew_month%3D03%26new_day%3D2%26new_year%3D2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm">"Celebrating more than 100 years of the Freemasonry: famous Freemasons in the history"</a>. <i>Mathawan Lodge No 192 F.A. & A.M., New Jersey</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510153526/http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathawan+Lodge+No+192+F.A.+%26+A.M.%2C+New+Jersey&rft.atitle=Celebrating+more+than+100+years+of+the+Freemasonry%3A+famous+Freemasons+in+the+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matawanlodge.org%2Ffamous.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knightstemplar.org/pgeo/mepgm.html">"Past Ge Officers"</a>. Knightstemplar.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Ge+Officers&rft.pub=Knightstemplar.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knightstemplar.org%2Fpgeo%2Fmepgm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummings" class="citation web cs1">Cummings, William Leon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/cummings.html#10">"Cumming's notes on Morgan"</a>. <i>Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grand+Lodge+of+British+Columbia+and+Yukon&rft.atitle=Cumming%27s+notes+on+Morgan&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=William+Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonry.bcy.ca%2Fanti-masonry%2Fcummings.html%2310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownback" class="citation web cs1">Brownback, David P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/MorganAffair.html">"The Morgan affair aftermath"</a>. <i>Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grand+Lodge+of+British+Columbia+and+Yukon&rft.atitle=The+Morgan+affair+aftermath&rft.aulast=Brownback&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonry.bcy.ca%2Ftexts%2FMorganAffair.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905080901/http://www.nymasons.org/cms/files/CommunityServAwardBrochure_0.pdf">"Masonic Service Awards"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Grand Lodge of New York. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Descendants+of+John+Dwight%2C+of+Dedham%2C+Mass&rft.pages=1067&rft.pub=J.+F.+Trow+%26+son%2C+printers+and+bookbinders&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Dwight&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Woodbridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DghcfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuyler1886-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schuyler1886_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuyler1886" class="citation book cs1">Schuyler, John (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L5YLAAAAIAAJ"><i>Institution of the Society of the Cincinnati: Formed by the Officers of the American Army of the Revolution, 1783, with Extracts, from the Proceedings of Its General Meetings and from the Transactions of the New York State Society</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3D%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D1814%26year-max%3D1814%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikicu.com/DeWitt_Clinton_Professor_of_American_History">"DeWitt Clinton Professor of American History - WikiCU, the Columbia University wiki encyclopedia"</a>. <i>www.wikicu.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Rev</i>. <b>2</b> (3): 170–176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amer.+Monthly+Mag.+%26+Crit.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Flora+Americae+Septentrionalis%2C+or+a+systematic+arrangement+and+description+of+the+plants+of+North+America+by+Frederick+Pursh&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=170-176&rft.date=1818&rft.aulast=Rafinesque&rft.aufirst=Constantine+Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quattrocchi_2012-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quattrocchi_2012_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuattrocchi2012" class="citation book cs1">Quattrocchi, Umberto (May 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YC_lAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA1023"><i>CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common names, Scientific names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 1023. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-8044-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-8044-5"><bdi>978-1-4200-8044-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+World+Dictionary+of+Medicinal+and+Poisonous+Plants%3A+Common+names%2C+Scientific+names%2C+Eponyms%2C+Synonyms%2C+and+Etymology&rft.pages=1023&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4200-8044-5&rft.aulast=Quattrocchi&rft.aufirst=Umberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYC_lAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA1023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=531IAQAAIAAJ&q=DeWitt+Clinton+tobacco+stamp&pg=PA14">"What You Should Know about the Alcohol & Tobacco Tax Division"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+You+Should+Know+about+the+Alcohol+%26+Tobacco+Tax+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D531IAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DDeWitt%2BClinton%2Btobacco%2Bstamp%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBobbé1962" class="citation book cs1">Bobbé, Dorothie de Bear (1962). <i>De Witt Clinton</i>. I. J. Friedman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Witt+Clinton&rft.pub=I.+J.+Friedman&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Bobb%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Dorothie+de+Bear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornog1998" class="citation book cs1">Cornog, Evan (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofempiredew00corn"><i>The Birth of Empire: DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience, 1769-1828</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195119497" title="Special:BookSources/9780195119497"><bdi>9780195119497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Empire%3A+DeWitt+Clinton+and+the+American+Experience%2C+1769-1828&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780195119497&rft.aulast=Cornog&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbirthofempiredew00corn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=106149360">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanyanHanyan1996" class="citation book cs1">Hanyan, Craig; Hanyan, Mary L. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dewittclintonris0000hany"><i>De Witt Clinton and the Rise of the People's Men</i></a></span>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0773514348" title="Special:BookSources/978-0773514348"><bdi>978-0773514348</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Witt+Clinton+and+the+Rise+of+the+People%27s+Men&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0773514348&rft.aulast=Hanyan&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Hanyan%2C+Mary+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdewittclintonris0000hany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102258141">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Walker_Howe" title="Daniel Walker Howe">Howe, Daniel Walker</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whathathgodwroug00howe"><i>What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848</i></a>. Oxford History of the United States. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507894-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507894-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Hath+God+Wrought%3A+The+Transformation+of+America%2C+1815%E2%80%931848&rft.series=Oxford+History+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507894-7&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhathathgodwroug00howe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Clinton,_De_Witt" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Clinton, De Witt">Clinton, De Witt</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clinton%2C+De+Witt&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiry1985" class="citation journal cs1">Siry, Steven Edwin (1985). "The Sectional Politics of "Practical Republicanism": De Witt Clinton's Presidential Bid, 1810-1812". <i>Journal of the Early Republic</i>. <b>5</b> (4): 441–462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3123061">10.2307/3123061</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3123061">3123061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Early+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Sectional+Politics+of+%22Practical+Republicanism%22%3A+De+Witt+Clinton%27s+Presidential+Bid%2C+1810-1812&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=441-462&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3123061&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3123061%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Siry&rft.aufirst=Steven+Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpanagel2014" class="citation book cs1">Spanagel, David I. (2014). <i>DeWitt Clinton and Amos Eaton: Geology and Power in Early New York</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1421411040" title="Special:BookSources/978-1421411040"><bdi>978-1421411040</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DeWitt+Clinton+and+Amos+Eaton%3A+Geology+and+Power+in+Early+New+York&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1421411040&rft.aulast=Spanagel&rft.aufirst=David+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Villo2008" class="citation book cs1">De Villo, Sloan (2008). <i>The Crimsoned Hills of Onondaga</i>. Cambria Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1604975031" title="Special:BookSources/978-1604975031"><bdi>978-1604975031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crimsoned+Hills+of+Onondaga&rft.pub=Cambria+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1604975031&rft.aulast=De+Villo&rft.aufirst=Sloan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeWitt_Clinton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:DeWitt_Clinton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC000525" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000525">"DeWitt Clinton (id: C000525)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=DeWitt+Clinton+%28id%3A+C000525%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC000525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeWitt+Clinton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/clinton.html#R9M0ISUQL">Political Graveyard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eriecanal.org/UnionCollege/Clinton.html">Bio at Erie Canal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrjumbo.com/contents/genealogy/dewitt/tjerck/histulstco.html">DeWitt genealogy, at Mr. Jumbo</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from New York">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from New York</a> </b><br />1802–1803 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Bailey_(politician)" title="Theodorus Bailey (politician)">Theodorus Bailey</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">Marinus Willett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Edward Livingston</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> </b><br />1803–1807 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">Marinus Willett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">Marinus Willett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> </b><br />1808–1810 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Jacob Radcliff</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Jacob Radcliff</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> </b><br />1811–1815 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Ferguson_(New_York_politician)" title="John Ferguson (New York politician)">John Ferguson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">John Tayler</a><br />Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lieutenant Governor of New York</a> </b><br />1811–1813 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">John Tayler</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">John Tayler</a> <br /><small>Acting</small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> </b><br />1817–1822 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Yates" title="Joseph C. Yates">Joseph C. Yates</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Yates" title="Joseph C. Yates">Joseph C. Yates</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> </b><br />1825–1828 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Pitcher" title="Nathaniel Pitcher">Nathaniel Pitcher</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Endorsed</span> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1817_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1817 New York gubernatorial election">1817</a>, <a href="/wiki/1820_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1820 New York gubernatorial election">1820</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Yates" title="Joseph C. Yates">Joseph C. Yates</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Yates" title="Joseph C. Yates">Joseph C. Yates</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1824_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1824 New York gubernatorial election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1826_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1826 New York gubernatorial election">1826</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Masonic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Morton" title="Jacob Morton">Jacob Morton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_York" title="Grand Lodge of New York">Grand Master of the<br />Grand Lodge of New York</a> </b><br />1806–1819 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Template:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Template talk:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">United States senators from New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sloss_Hobart" title="John Sloss Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_North" title="William North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_(New_York_politician)" title="James Watson (New York politician)">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Bailey_(politician)" title="Theodorus Bailey (politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Mitchill" title="Samuel L. Mitchill">Mitchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_German" title="Obadiah German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Dudley" title="Charles E. Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Tallmadge" title="Nathaniel P. Tallmadge">Tallmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_King_(politician)" title="Preston King (politician)">P. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Kernan" title="Francis Kernan">Kernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hiscock" title="Frank Hiscock">Hiscock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Murphy_Jr." title="Edward Murphy Jr.">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Depew" title="Chauncey Depew">Depew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._O%27Gorman" title="James A. O'Gorman">O'Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Calder" title="William M. Calder">Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mead" title="James M. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Ives" title="Irving Ives">Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keating" title="Kenneth Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodell" title="Charles Goodell">Goodell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Gillibrand</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(New_York_politician,_born_1752)" title="John Smith (New York politician, born 1752)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Foster" title="Henry A. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Harris" title="Ira Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Conkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_G._Lapham" title="Elbridge G. Lapham">Lapham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman" title="Herbert H. Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_D%27Amato" title="Al D'Amato">D'Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_New_York_City_from_inception_to_consolidation_(June_12,_1665_–_December_31,_1897)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_New_York_City_preconsolidation_(1665%E2%80%931897)" title="Template:Mayors of New York City preconsolidation (1665–1897)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayors_of_New_York_City_preconsolidation_(1665%E2%80%931897)" title="Template talk:Mayors of New York City preconsolidation (1665–1897)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_of_New_York_City_preconsolidation_(1665%E2%80%931897)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors of New York City preconsolidation (1665–1897)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_New_York_City_from_inception_to_consolidation_(June_12,_1665_–_December_31,_1897)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_York_City" title="List of mayors of New York City">Mayors of New York City</a> from inception to consolidation (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City#History_of_the_office" title="Mayor of New York City">June 12, 1665 – December 31, 1897</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willett" title="Thomas Willett">T. Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willett" title="Thomas Willett">T. Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Steenwyk" title="Cornelius Steenwyk">Van Steenwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Nicoll" title="Matthias Nicoll">Nicoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(New_York_politician)" title="John Lawrence (New York politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dervall" title="William Dervall">Dervall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_De_Mayer" title="Nicholas De Mayer">De Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Stephanus Van Cortlandt">S. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rombouts" title="Francis Rombouts">Rombouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyre" title="William Dyre">Dyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Steenwyk" title="Cornelius Steenwyk">Van Steenwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Minvielle" title="Gabriel Minvielle">Minvielle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bayard" title="Nicholas Bayard">N. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Stephanus Van Cortlandt">S. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Delanoy" title="Peter Delanoy">Delanoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(New_York_politician)" title="John Lawrence (New York politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_de_Peyster" title="Abraham de Peyster">A. de Peyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lodwik" title="Charles Lodwik">Lodwik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Merritt_(mayor)" title="William Merritt (mayor)">Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Peyster" title="Johannes de Peyster">J. de Peyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Provost" title="David Provost">Provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_De_Riemer" title="Isaac De Riemer">De Riemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Noell" title="Thomas Noell">Noell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_French" title="Phillip French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Peartree" title="William Peartree">Peartree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Wilson" title="Ebenezer Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Jacobus Van Cortlandt">J. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Heathcote" title="Caleb Heathcote">Heathcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Johnstone_(mayor)" title="John Johnstone (mayor)">Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Jacobus Van Cortlandt">J. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walters_(mayor)" title="Robert Walters (mayor)">Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Jansen_(mayor)" title="Johannes Jansen (mayor)">Jansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lurting" title="Robert Lurting">Lurting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Richard" title="Paul Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cruger" title="John Cruger">Cruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bayard" title="Stephen Bayard">S. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holland_(mayor)" title="Edward Holland (mayor)">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cruger_Jr." title="John Cruger Jr.">Cruger Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Hicks" title="Whitehead Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mathews" title="David Mathews">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane">Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Varick" title="Richard Varick">Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Livingston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">M. Willett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ferguson_(New_York_politician)" title="John Ferguson (New York politician)">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallader_D._Colden" title="Cadwallader D. Colden">Colden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Allen_(American_politician)" title="Stephen Allen (American politician)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paulding_Jr." title="William Paulding Jr.">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hone" title="Philip Hone">Hone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paulding_Jr." title="William Paulding Jr.">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bowne" title="Walter Bowne">Bowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Lee" title="Gideon Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Lawrence" title="Cornelius Lawrence">C. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Clark" title="Aaron Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_L._Varian" title="Isaac L. Varian">Varian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Morris_(mayor)" title="Robert H. Morris (mayor)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harper_(publisher)" title="James Harper (publisher)">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_H._Mickle" title="Andrew H. Mickle">Mickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Brady" title="William V. Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Smith_Woodhull" title="Caleb Smith Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Kingsland" title="Ambrose Kingsland">Kingsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Aaron_Westervelt" title="Jacob Aaron Westervelt">Westervelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_F._Tiemann" title="Daniel F. Tiemann">Tiemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Opdyke" title="George Opdyke">Opdyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Godfrey_Gunther" title="Charles Godfrey Gunther">Gunther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Hoffman" title="John T. Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coman" title="Thomas Coman">Coman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Oakey_Hall" title="A. Oakey Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._H._Vance" title="Samuel B. H. Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Wickham" title="William H. Wickham">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Ely_Jr." title="Smith Ely Jr.">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cooper_(mayor)" title="Edward Cooper (mayor)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_Grace" title="William Russell Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Edson" title="Franklin Edson">Edson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_Grace" title="William Russell Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_J._Grant" title="Hugh J. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Gilroy" title="Thomas Francis Gilroy">Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lafayette_Strong" title="William Lafayette Strong">Strong</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York City Flag"><img alt="New York City Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/75px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/113px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/150px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_New_York" title="Template:Governors of New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_New_York" title="Template talk:Governors of New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">lieutenant governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">G. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">G. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Lewis_(governor)" title="Morgan Lewis (governor)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Tompkins</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">Tayler</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Yates" title="Joseph C. Yates">Yates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Pitcher" title="Nathaniel Pitcher">Pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enos_T._Throop" title="Enos T. Throop">Throop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Bouck" title="William C. Bouck">Bouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(governor)" title="John Young (governor)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Hunt" title="Washington Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_H._Clark" title="Myron H. Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._King" title="John A. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Hoffman" title="John T. Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">J. Adams Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Robinson" title="Lucius Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_B._Cornell" title="Alonzo B. Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell_P._Flower" title="Roswell P. Flower">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_P._Morton" title="Levi P. Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_S._Black" title="Frank S. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">T. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Odell_(politician)" title="Benjamin Odell (politician)">Odell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Higgins" title="Frank W. Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_White" title="Horace White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alden_Dix" title="John Alden Dix">J. Alden Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">Sulzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_H._Glynn" title="Martin H. Glynn">Glynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Seymour_Whitman" title="Charles Seymour Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_L._Miller" title="Nathan L. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman" title="Herbert H. Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Poletti" title="Charles Poletti">Poletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wilson_(politician)" title="Malcolm Wilson (politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carey" title="Hugh Carey">Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">M. Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">Pataki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Spitzer" title="Eliot Spitzer">Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Paterson" title="David Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">A. Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Hochul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lieutenant<br />governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Van_Cortlandt" title="Pierre Van Cortlandt">Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Van_Rensselaer" title="Stephen Van Rensselaer">S. Van Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Van_Rensselaer" title="Jeremiah Van Rensselaer">J. Van Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Broome_(politician)" title="John Broome (politician)">Broome</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">Tayler</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">Tayler</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Swift" title="Philetus Swift">Swift</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tayler" title="John Tayler">Tayler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Root" title="Erastus Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tallmadge_Jr." title="James Tallmadge Jr.">Tallmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Pitcher" title="Nathaniel Pitcher">Pitcher</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Livingston" title="Peter R. Livingston">P. Livingston</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dayan" title="Charles Dayan">Dayan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enos_T._Throop" title="Enos T. Throop">Throop</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stebbins" title="Charles Stebbins">Stebbins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_M._Oliver" title="William M. Oliver">Oliver</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Philip_Livingston" title="Edward Philip Livingston">E. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tracy_(New_York_politician)" title="John Tracy (New York politician)">Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bradish" title="Luther Bradish">Bradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addison_Gardiner" title="Addison Gardiner">Gardiner</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lester" title="Albert Lester">Lester</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Patterson" title="George W. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_E._Church" title="Sanford E. Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Selden" title="Henry R. Selden">Selden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Campbell_(New_York_politician)" title="Robert Campbell (New York politician)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Floyd-Jones" title="David R. Floyd-Jones">Floyd-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Alvord" title="Thomas G. Alvord">Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_L._Woodford" title="Stewart L. Woodford">Woodford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_C._Beach" title="Allen C. Beach">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Robinson" title="John C. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dorsheimer" title="William Dorsheimer">Dorsheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Hoskins" title="George Gilbert Hoskins">Hoskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dennis_McCarthy_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis McCarthy (congressman)">McCarthy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Jones" title="Edward F. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Sheehan" title="William F. Sheehan">Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Saxton" title="Charles T. Saxton">Saxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_L._Woodruff" title="Timothy L. Woodruff">Woodruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Higgins" title="Frank W. Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Linn_Bruce" title="Matthew Linn Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Raines" title="John Raines">Raines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Stuyvesant_Chanler" title="Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler">Chanler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_White" title="Horace White">White</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_H._Cobb" title="George H. Cobb">Cobb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Conway" title="Thomas F. Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_H._Glynn" title="Martin H. Glynn">Glynn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schoeneck" title="Edward Schoeneck">Schoeneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_C._Walker" title="Harry C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wood" title="Jeremiah Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clayton_R._Lusk" title="Clayton R. Lusk">Lusk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Lunn" title="George R. Lunn">Lunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Lowman" title="Seymour Lowman">Lowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Corning" title="Edwin Corning">Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman" title="Herbert H. Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._William_Bray" title="M. William Bray">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Poletti" title="Charles Poletti">Poletti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Hanley" title="Joe R. Hanley">Hanley</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Wallace" title="Thomas W. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Hanley" title="Joe R. Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Moore_(politician)" title="Frank C. Moore (politician)">Moore</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Wicks" title="Arthur H. Wicks">Wicks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Mahoney" title="Walter J. Mahoney">Mahoney</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_DeLuca" title="George DeLuca">DeLuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wilson_(politician)" title="Malcolm Wilson (politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Anderson" title="Warren M. Anderson">Anderson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Krupsak" title="Mary Anne Krupsak">Krupsak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">M. Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_DelBello" title="Alfred DelBello">DelBello</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Anderson" title="Warren M. Anderson">Anderson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lundine" title="Stan Lundine">Lundine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_McCaughey" title="Betsy McCaughey">McCaughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Donohue" title="Mary Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Paterson" title="David Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bruno" title="Joseph Bruno">Bruno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dean_Skelos" title="Dean Skelos">Skelos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Smith_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Smith (U.S. politician)">Smith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Espada_Jr." title="Pedro Espada Jr.">Espada</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ravitch" title="Richard Ravitch">Ravitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duffy_(politician)" title="Robert Duffy (politician)">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Hochul</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Stewart-Cousins" title="Andrea Stewart-Cousins">Stewart-Cousins</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Benjamin" title="Brian Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Stewart-Cousins" title="Andrea Stewart-Cousins">Stewart-Cousins</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Delgado" title="Antonio Delgado">Delgado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate acting officeholders</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1808)_1812_United_States_presidential_election_(1816_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1812 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1812_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:1812 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1812 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1808)_1812_United_States_presidential_election_(1816_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">← 1808</a>) <a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #008000;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></b> (incumbent)</li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DeWitt Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #EA9978;"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Endorsee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">DeWitt Clinton</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #EA9978;"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Straight-Federalist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominee" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Davie" title="William Richardson Davie">William Richardson Davie</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1812 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1812_and_1813_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 and 1813 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_and_1813_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 and 1813 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic-Republican_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Template:Democratic-Republican Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Template talk:Democratic-Republican Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic-Republican Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic-Republican_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Administration_party" title="Anti-Administration party">Anti-Administration Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Party_System" title="First Party System">First Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Good_Feelings" title="Era of Good Feelings">Era of Good Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson" title="Presidency of Thomas Jefferson">Presidency of Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison" title="Presidency of James Madison">Presidency of James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">Presidency of James Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertium_quids" title="Tertium quids">Tertium quids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party#Presidential_elections" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a>/<a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg">Frederick Muhlenberg</a> (1793–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Nathaniel Macon</a> (1801–1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Joseph Bradley Varnum</a> (1807–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1811–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Cheves" title="Langdon Cheves">Langdon Cheves</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1815–1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">John W. Taylor</a> (1820–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Philip P. Barbour</a> (1821–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1823–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">U.S. Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (1790–1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Levi Lincoln Sr.</a> (1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> (1801–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Robert Smith</a> (1809–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (1811–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_(diplomat)" title="John Graham (diplomat)">John Graham</a> (1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (1817–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a> (1801–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">George W. Campbell</a> (1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Alexander J. Dallas</a> (1814–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(statesman)" title="William Jones (statesman)">William Jones</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (1816–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Henry Dearborn</a> (1801–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">William Eustis</a> (1809–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Alexander J. Dallas</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (1815–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Graham_(soldier)" title="George Graham (soldier)">George Graham</a> (1816–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (1817–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Levi Lincoln Sr.</a> (1801–1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breckinridge_(U.S._Attorney_General)" title="John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)">John Breckinridge</a> (1805–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus_Rodney" title="Caesar Augustus Rodney">Caesar Augustus Rodney</a> (1807–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney" title="William Pinkney">William Pinkney</a> (1811–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a> (1817–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Robert Smith</a> (1801–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Paul Hamilton (politician)">Paul Hamilton</a> (1809–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(statesman)" title="William Jones (statesman)">William Jones</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">Benjamin Williams Crowninshield</a> (1815–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Smith Thompson</a> (1819–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Samuel L. Southard</a> (1823–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federalist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federalist_Party" title="Template:Federalist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federalist_Party" title="Template talk:Federalist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federalist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federalist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federalist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Party_System" title="First Party System">First Party System</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency of George Washington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">Presidency of John Adams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party#Presidential_elections" title="Federalist Party">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">T. Pinckney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg">Frederick Muhlenberg</a> (1789–1791)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Jonathan Trumbull Jr.</a> (1791–1793)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a> (1795–1799)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Theodore Sedgwick</a> (1799–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">U.S. Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (1789–1790)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a> (1794–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Timothy Pickering</a> (1795–1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(Attorney_General)" title="Charles Lee (Attorney General)">Charles Lee</a> (1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> (1800–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1817)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> (1789–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott_Jr." title="Oliver Wolcott Jr.">Oliver Wolcott Jr.</a> (1795–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Samuel Dexter</a> (1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> (1789–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Timothy Pickering</a> (1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_McHenry" title="James McHenry">James McHenry</a> (1796–1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Samuel Dexter</a> (1800–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a> (1789–1794)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Attorney_General)" title="William Bradford (Attorney General)">William Bradford</a> (1794–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(Attorney_General)" title="Charles Lee (Attorney General)">Charles Lee</a> (1795–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1814–1817)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stoddert" title="Benjamin Stoddert">Benjamin Stoddert</a> (1798–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DeWitt Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>, <a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William J. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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Livingston">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Cooper" title="Charles D. Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellicott_(surveyor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Ellicott (surveyor)">Ellicott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_Holley" title="Myron Holley">Holley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Young_(New_York_politician)" title="Samuel Young (New York politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Hart_(NY_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephraim Hart (NY politician)">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Seymour_(Commissioner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Seymour (Commissioner)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Bouck" title="William C. Bouck">Bouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Earll,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jonas Earll, Jr.">Earll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hoffman_(congressman)" title="Michael Hoffman (congressman)">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heman_J._Redfield" title="Heman J. Redfield">Redfield</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowman_(New_York_politician)" title="John Bowman (New York politician)">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baker_(New_York_politician)" title="William Baker (New York politician)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Ruggles" title="Samuel B. Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hudson_(New_York_politician)" title="David Hudson (New York politician)">D Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Newton_Dexter" title="Simon Newton Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_(New_York_politician)" title="Henry Hamilton (New York politician)">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Boughton" title="George H. Boughton">Boughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Whitney_(canal_commissioner)" title="Asa Whitney (canal commissioner)">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Clark_(New_York_treasurer)" title="Stephen Clark (New York treasurer)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hooker_(New_York_politician)" title="James Hooker (New York politician)">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Enos" title="Benjamin Enos">Enos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Little" title="George W. Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Bissell" title="Daniel P. Bissell">Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Jones_(representative)" title="Nathaniel Jones (representative)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Hudson" title="John T. Hudson">J Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clowes" title="Thomas Clowes">Clowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_J._Beach" title="Nelson J. 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Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Barnes" title="Samuel H. Barnes">Barnes</a>)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Bruce" title="Benjamin F. Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Wright" title="William W. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_A._Alberger" title="Franklin A. Alberger">Alberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Dorn" title="Robert C. Dorn">Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_T._Hayt" title="Stephen T. Hayt">Hayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Fay" title="John D. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Bascom" title="Oliver Bascom">Bascom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Chapman_(politician)" title="George W. Chapman (politician)">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkley" title="Alexander Barkley">Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_W._Stroud" title="Reuben W. Stroud">Stroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson,_Jr._(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Jackson, Jr. (New York)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adin_Thayer" title="Adin Thayer">Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Walrath" title="Christopher A. Walrath">Walrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_A._Ogden" title="Darius A. Ogden">Ogden</a></li></ul> <p>(*) elected but declined; (**) elected but died before taking office </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527462#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118908588">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82055230">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12567521k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12567521k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49787465">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p180657046">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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