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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th–18th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th–18th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>16th–18th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th–18th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_to_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_to_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>19th to 20th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_to_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inter-war_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-war_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Inter-war years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-war_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Post-war developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cathedral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other points of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholics_from_Tours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholics_from_Tours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Catholics from Tours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholics_from_Tours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Public service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Science and business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_—_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_—_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns — sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_—_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tours</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="تور (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تور (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur_(%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99r)" title="Tur (şəhər) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tur (şəhər)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="تور (فرانسه) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تور (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="তুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Тур (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тур (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Тур (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тур (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Тур (град) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тур (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teurgn" title="Teurgn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Teurgn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Тур – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тур" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81" title="Τουρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="تور (فرانسه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تور (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="투르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Տուր (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուր (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="टुर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टुर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Тур (сахар) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тур (сахар)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="טור (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טור (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ტური (საფრანგეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტური (საფრანგეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turonum" title="Turonum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turonum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABra" title="Tūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABras" title="Tūras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tūras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Тур – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тур" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8)" title="तुर (फ्रांस) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर (फ्रांस)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="تور (فرنسا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تور (فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="تور (فرانسه) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تور (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours_(Indre-et-Loire)" title="Tours (Indre-et-Loire) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tours (Indre-et-Loire)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A8%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E7%9C%8C)" title="トゥール (アンドル＝エ＝ロワール県) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トゥール (アンドル＝エ＝ロワール県)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B3%D3%80_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="ТугӀ (гӀала) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТугӀ (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touors" title="Touors – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Touors" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tors" title="Tors – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tors" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours_(Indre-et-Loire)" title="Tours (Indre-et-Loire) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tours (Indre-et-Loire)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="ٹورز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹورز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Тур (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тур (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Тур (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тур (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Тур (шәһәр) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тур (шәһәр)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ตูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0)" title="Тур (Фаронса) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тур (Фаронса)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Тур (місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тур (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="تور (فرانس) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تور (فرانس)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94" title="图尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="图尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE" title="圖爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="圖爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours" title="Tours – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tours" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94" title="图尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="图尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q288#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tours" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tours" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q288" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tours&params=47.393611_N_0.689167_E_type:city(137658)_region:FR-CVL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°23′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°41′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.393611°N 0.689167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.393611; 0.689167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Centre-Val de Loire, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in France. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tour_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tour (disambiguation)">Tour</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tours" title="Special:EditPage/Tours">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tours%22">"Tours"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tours%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tours%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tours%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tours%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tours%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Centre-Val de Loire, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tours</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tours_picture_mosaique.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Montage of Tours views and sights"><img alt="Montage of Tours views and sights" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tours_picture_mosaique.png/250px-Tours_picture_mosaique.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="507" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tours_picture_mosaique.png/375px-Tours_picture_mosaique.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Tours_picture_mosaique.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Montage of Tours views and sights</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tours.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tours"><img alt="Flag of Tours" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Tours.gif/100px-Flag_of_Tours.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Tours.gif/150px-Flag_of_Tours.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Tours.gif/200px-Flag_of_Tours.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_tours_37.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tours"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tours" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Blason_tours_37.svg/80px-Blason_tours_37.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Blason_tours_37.svg/120px-Blason_tours_37.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Blason_tours_37.svg/160px-Blason_tours_37.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Tours</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_eb44a7e50dd90dadf5ac2934d7384160342d7f81"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tours&revid=1254523723&groups=_eb44a7e50dd90dadf5ac2934d7384160342d7f81" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tours&revid=1254523723&groups=_eb44a7e50dd90dadf5ac2934d7384160342d7f81 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tours is located in France"><img alt="Tours is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.108%;left:41.071%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tours"><img alt="Tours" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tours</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tours is located in Centre-Val de Loire"><img alt="Tours is located in Centre-Val de Loire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg/270px-Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg/405px-Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg/540px-Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.909%;left:24.602%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tours"><img alt="Tours" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tours</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Centre-Val de Loire</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tours&params=47.393611_N_0.689167_E_type:city(137658)_region:FR-CVL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°23′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°41′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.393611°N 0.689167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.393611; 0.689167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Tours" title="Arrondissement of Tours">Tours</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Tours" title="Cantons of Tours">Tours-1 <br /> Tours-2 <br /> Tours-3 <br /> Tours-4</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tours_M%C3%A9tropole_Val_de_Loire" title="Tours Métropole Val de Loire">Tours Métropole Val de Loire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Denis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuel Denis (page does not exist)">Emmanuel Denis</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">The Greens</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">34.7 km<sup>2</sup> (13.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">684.9 km<sup>2</sup> (264.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,631.6 km<sup>2</sup> (1,402.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">137,658</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">26th in France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,000/km<sup>2</sup> (10,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">359,992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">530/km<sup>2</sup> (1,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">516,973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">140/km<sup>2</sup> (370/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Tourangeau</i> (masculine)<br /><i>Tourangelle</i> (feminine)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-37261">37261</a> /37000, 37100, 37200</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">44–119 m (144–390 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tours</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TOOR</span></i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[tuʁ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/59\/Fr-Paris--Tours.ogg\/Fr-Paris--Tours.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Paris--Tours.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Fr-Paris--Tours.ogg/Fr-Paris--Tours.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Paris--Tours.ogg" title="File:Fr-Paris--Tours.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the largest city in the region of <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>, France. It is the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> of Tours had 136,463 inhabitants as of 2018 while the population of the whole <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> was 516,973.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tours sits on the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast. Formerly named Caesarodunum by its founder, Roman <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Emperor Augustus</a>, it possesses one of the largest amphitheaters of the Roman Empire, the <a href="/wiki/Tours_Amphitheatre" title="Tours Amphitheatre">Tours Amphitheatre</a>. Known for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tours" title="Battle of Tours">Battle of Tours</a> in 732 AD, it is a National Sanctuary with connections to the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetians</a> making the kingdom's currency the <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois">Livre tournois</a>. <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">Saint Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> were from Tours. Tours was once part of <a href="/wiki/Touraine" title="Touraine">Touraine</a>, a former province of France. Tours was the first city of the silk industry. It was taken by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI</a>, as the royal capital under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">Valois Kings</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire castles</a> and city of art with the School of Tours. The prefecture was partially destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> in the late 16th century and again during the Second World War in June 1940. </p><p>The White and Blue city keeps a historical center registered in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO</a>, and is home to the Vieux-Tours, a patrimonial site. The garden city has a green heritage and an urban landscape strongly influenced by its natural space. The historic city that is nicknamed "<i>Le Petit Paris</i>" and its region by its history and culture has always been a land of birth or host to many personalities, international sporting events, and is a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tours" title="University of Tours">university city</a> with more than 30,000 students in 2019. Tours is a popular culinary city with specialties such as: <a href="/wiki/Rillettes" title="Rillettes">rillettes</a>, rillons, <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley_(wine)" title="Loire Valley (wine)">Touraine vineyards</a>, AOC <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Maure_de_Touraine" title="Sainte-Maure de Touraine">Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine</a> cheeses and <a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">nougats</a>. The city is also the end-point of the annual <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Tours" title="Paris–Tours">Paris–Tours</a> <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">cycle race</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A popular folk etymology of the word "Tours" is that it comes from <i>Turonus</i>, the nephew of <a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus</a>. Turonus died in a war between <a href="/wiki/Corineus" title="Corineus">Corineus</a> and the king of <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goffar_the_Pict" title="Goffar the Pict">Goffarius Pictus</a>, provoked by Corineus hunting in the king's forests without permission. It is said that Turonus was buried in Tours and the city is founded around his grave.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tours" title="Timeline of Tours">Timeline of Tours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tours_Amphitheatre#In_the_ancient_city" title="Tours Amphitheatre">Tours Amphitheatre in the ancient city</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tours" title="Special:EditPage/Tours">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gallic</a> times, Tours was an important crossing point over the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>. It became part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> during the 1st century AD, and the city was named <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Caesarodunum</i></span></i> ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original <a href="/wiki/Gaulish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish language">Gallic</a> name, <a href="/wiki/Turones" class="mw-redirect" title="Turones">Turones</a>, became <i>Civitas Turonum</i> and then <i>Tours</i>. It was at this time that the <a href="/wiki/Tours_Amphitheatre" title="Tours Amphitheatre">Tours Amphitheatre</a> was built. </p><p>Tours became a metropolis in the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Lugdunum" title="Lugdunum">Lugdunum</a> towards 380–388 AD, dominating <a href="/wiki/Maine_(province)" title="Maine (province)">Maine</a>, Brittany, and the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a>. One important figure in the city was Saint <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">Martin of Tours</a>, a bishop who shared his coat with a naked beggar in <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>. The importance of Martin in the medieval Christian West made Tours, and its position on the route of pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, a major centre during the Middle Ages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 6th century, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a>, author of the <i>Ten Books of History</i>, restored a cathedral destroyed by a fire in 561. Saint Martin's monastery benefited from its inception, at the very start of the 6th century from patronage and support from the Frankish king, <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>, which increased considerably the influence of the saint, the abbey and the city in Gaul. In the 9th century, Tours was at the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Renaissance" title="Carolingian Renaissance">Carolingian Renaissance</a>, in particular because of <a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a>, of York in Northumbria, a renowned book collector and an abbot of <a href="/wiki/Marmoutier_Abbey_(Tours)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmoutier Abbey (Tours)">Marmoutier Abbey</a>. </p><p>In 732, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Al_Ghafiqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi">Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi</a> and an army of Muslim horsemen from <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> advanced 500 kilometres (300 miles) deep into France, and were stopped at <a href="/wiki/Vouneuil-sur-Vienne" title="Vouneuil-sur-Vienne">Moussais-la-Bataille</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (between <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tellerault" title="Châtellerault">Châtellerault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a> and his infantry. This ignited the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tours" title="Battle of Tours">Battle of Tours</a>. The Muslim army was defeated, preventing an Islamic conquest of France. </p><p>In 845, Tours repelled the first attack of the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Haesten" class="mw-redirect" title="Haesten">Haesten</a>. In 850, the Vikings settled at the mouths of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> and the Loire. Still led by Haesten, they went up the Loire again in 852 and sacked <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>, Tours and Marmoutier Abbey. </p><p>During the Middle Ages, Tours consisted of two juxtaposed and competing centres. The "City" in the east, successor of the late Roman '<a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_enclosure_of_Tours" title="Gallo-Roman enclosure of Tours">castrum</a>', was composed of the cathedral and palace of the archbishops as well as the castle of Tours. The castle of Tours acted as a seat of the authority of the Counts of Tours (later Counts of Anjou) and the King of France. In the west, the "new city" structured around the Abbey of Saint Martin was freed from the control of the city during the 10th century (an enclosure was built towards 918) and became "Châteauneuf". This space, organized between Saint Martin and the Loire, became the economic centre of Tours. Between these two centres were Varennes, vineyards and fields, little occupied except for the Abbaye Saint-Julien established on the banks of the Loire. The two centres were linked during the 14th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_buildings_in_Tours,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tudor_buildings_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/220px-Tudor_buildings_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tudor_buildings_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/330px-Tudor_buildings_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tudor_buildings_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/440px-Tudor_buildings_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i>Place Plumereau</i>, Medieval buildings</figcaption></figure> <p>Tours became the capital of the county of Tours or <a href="/wiki/Touraine" title="Touraine">Touraine</a>, a territory bitterly disputed between <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">the counts of Blois</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Anjou" title="County of Anjou">Anjou</a> – the latter were victorious in the 11th century. It was the capital of France at the time of Louis XI, who had settled in the castle of Montils (today the castle of Plessis-les-Tours, at the junction of the Loire and the Indre rivers ). Tours and Touraine remained a permanent residence of the kings and court until the 16th century. The Renaissance gave Tours and Touraine many private mansions and castles, joined to some extent under the generic name of the Châteaux of the Loire. It is also at the time of Louis XI that the silk industry was introduced – despite difficulties, the industry still survives to this day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th–18th_centuries"><span id="16th.E2.80.9318th_centuries"></span>16th–18th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 16th–18th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Anjou">Duke of Anjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de Navarre">Henri de Navarre</a>, the cardinals of Bourbon and <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (province)">Lorraine</a>. At this time, the Catholics returned to power in Angers: the attendant assumed the right to nominate the aldermen. The <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Saint-Barthelemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy">Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy</a> was not repeated at Tours. The Protestants were imprisoned by the aldermen – a measure which prevented their extermination. The permanent return of the Court to Paris and then Versailles marked the beginning of a slow but permanent decline. Guillaume the Metayer (1763–1798), known as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">Rochambeau</a>, the well-known counter-revolutionary chief of Mayenne, was shot in Tours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_to_20th_centuries">19th to 20th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th to 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The arrival of the railway in the 19th century saved the city by making it an important nodal point. The main railway station is known as Tours-Saint-Pierre-des-Corps. At that time, Tours was expanding towards the south into a district known as the Prébendes. The importance of the city as a centre of communications contributed to its revival and, as the 20th century progressed, Tours became a dynamic conurbation, economically oriented towards the service sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_World_War">First World War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tours_Cathedral_Saint-Gatian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tours_Cathedral_Saint-Gatian.jpg/220px-Tours_Cathedral_Saint-Gatian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tours_Cathedral_Saint-Gatian.jpg/330px-Tours_Cathedral_Saint-Gatian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tours_Cathedral_Saint-Gatian.jpg/440px-Tours_Cathedral_Saint-Gatian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tours_Cathedral" title="Tours Cathedral">Tours Cathedral</a>: 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Flamboyant" title="Flamboyant">Flamboyant</a> Gothic west front with Renaissance pinnacles, completed 1547.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city was greatly affected by the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. A force of 25,000 American soldiers arrived in 1917, setting up textile factories for the manufacture of uniforms, repair shops for military equipment, munitions dumps, an army post office and an American military hospital at Augustins. Because of this, Tours became a garrison town with a resident general staff. The American presence is remembered today by the <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> Bridge over the Loire, which was officially opened in July 1918 and bears the name of the President of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from 1913 to 1921. Three American air force squadrons, including the 492nd, were based at the <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A7ay-Meslay" title="Parçay-Meslay">Parçay-Meslay</a> airfield, their personnel playing an active part in the life of the city. Americans paraded at funerals and award ceremonies for the Croix de Guerre. They also took part in festivals and their <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> organised shows for the troops. Some men married women from Tours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inter-war_years">Inter-war years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inter-war years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1920, the city hosted the Congress of Tours, which saw the creation of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a>. One future consequence of that congress was the presence of <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> nationalist, who became one of the first members of the party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tours was also marked by the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, as the city suffered massive destruction in 1940. For four years it was a city of military camps and fortifications. From 10 to 13 June 1940, Tours was the temporary seat of the French government before its move to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>. </p><p>German <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary bombs">incendiary bombs</a> caused a huge fire, which blazed out of control from 20 to 22 June and destroyed part of the city centre. Some architectural masterpieces of the 16th and 17th centuries were lost, as was the monumental entry to the city. The Wilson Bridge, which carried a water main that supplied the city, was dynamited to slow the progress of the German advance. With the water main severed, nobody could extinguish the inferno. That made inhabitants have no option but to flee to safety. More heavy air raids by Allied forces devastated the area around the railway station in 1944, causing several hundred deaths. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war_developments">Post-war developments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-war developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A plan for the rebuilding of the central area drawn up by the local architect <a href="/wiki/Camille_Lef%C3%A8vre" title="Camille Lefèvre">Camille Lefèvre</a> had been adopted even before the end of the war. The plan was for 20 small quadrangular blocks of housing to be arranged around the main road (la <a href="/wiki/Rue_Nationale" title="Rue Nationale">rue Nationale</a>), which was widened. This regular layout attempted to echo but simplify the 18th-century architecture. <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Patout" title="Pierre Patout">Pierre Patout</a> succeeded Lefèvre as the architect in charge of rebuilding in 1945. At one time, there was talk of demolishing the southern side of the <a href="/wiki/Rue_Nationale" title="Rue Nationale">rue Nationale</a> to make it in keeping with the new development. </p><p>The recent history of Tours is marked by the personality of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Royer" title="Jean Royer">Jean Royer</a>, who was mayor for 36 years and helped save the old town from demolition by establishing one of the first <a href="/wiki/Conservation_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation Areas">Conservation Areas</a>. This example of conservation policy would later inspire the Malraux Law for the safeguarding of historic city centres. In the 1970s, Jean Royer also extended the city to the south by diverting the course of the <a href="/wiki/Cher_(river)" title="Cher (river)">Cher River</a> to create the districts of Rives du Cher and des Fontaines. At the time, it was one of the largest urban developments in Europe. In 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais_University" class="mw-redirect" title="François Rabelais University">François Rabelais University</a> was founded and centred on the bank of the Loire in the downtown area, not, as was the current practice, in a campus in the suburbs. The latter solution was also chosen by the twin university of Orleans. Royer's long term as mayor was, however, not without controversy, as is exemplified by the construction of the practical but aesthetically unattractive motorway, which runs along the bed of a former canal just 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) from the cathedral. Another bone of contention was the original Vinci Congress Centre by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nouvel" title="Jean Nouvel">Jean Nouvel</a>. The project incurred debts although it at least made Tours one of France's principal conference centres. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean_Germain_(politician)" title="Jean Germain (politician)">Jean Germain</a>, a member of the Socialist Party, became mayor in 1995 and made debt reduction his priority. Ten years later, his economic management was regarded as much wiser than that of his predecessor because of the financial stability of the city returning. However, his achievements were criticised by the municipal opposition for a lack of ambition. There were no large building projects instituted under his two terms. That position is disputed by those in power, who affirm their policy of concentrating on the quality of life, as evidenced by urban restoration, the development of public transport and cultural activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tours has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> that is very mild for such a northern latitude. Summers are influenced by its inland position, resulting in frequent days of 25 °C (77 °F) or warmer, whereas winters are kept mild by Atlantic air masses. The entire valley between Orlans and Angers is famous for the luminosity of its air and for its fabulous châteaux, most of them Renaissance (over 600 between Orlans and Angers). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tours (1991–2020 averages) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.4<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.2<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.3<br />(13.5) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.5<br />(−1.3) </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−18.5<br />(−1.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.4<br />(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(1.92) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0<br />(2.09) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.7<br />(2.27) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.2<br />(2.09) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(1.83) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8<br />(2.04) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0<br />(2.60) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3<br />(2.73) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.1<br />(2.84) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">677.8<br />(26.69) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">109.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #7D7D7D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.4 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.2 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.5 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">247.1 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.3 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.9 </td> <td style="background: #959595; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.9 </td> <td style="background: #767676; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.6 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,884.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Météo France<sup id="cite_ref-Météo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Météo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights">Sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_de_Ville_Tours.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hotel_de_Ville_Tours.jpg/220px-Hotel_de_Ville_Tours.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hotel_de_Ville_Tours.jpg/330px-Hotel_de_Ville_Tours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hotel_de_Ville_Tours.jpg/440px-Hotel_de_Ville_Tours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Tours" title="Hôtel de Ville, Tours">Hôtel de Ville</a></span></span>, Place Jean Jaurès</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tours_Cathedral_from_Rue_Lavoisier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tours_Cathedral_from_Rue_Lavoisier.jpg/220px-Tours_Cathedral_from_Rue_Lavoisier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tours_Cathedral_from_Rue_Lavoisier.jpg/330px-Tours_Cathedral_from_Rue_Lavoisier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tours_Cathedral_from_Rue_Lavoisier.jpg/440px-Tours_Cathedral_from_Rue_Lavoisier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>St Gatien Cathedral, from Rue Lavoisier, just north of the Rue Colbert intersection.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loire_Indre_Tours2_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Loire_Indre_Tours2_tango7174.jpg/220px-Loire_Indre_Tours2_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Loire_Indre_Tours2_tango7174.jpg/330px-Loire_Indre_Tours2_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Loire_Indre_Tours2_tango7174.jpg/440px-Loire_Indre_Tours2_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Pont Wilson</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cathedral">Cathedral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tours" title="Special:EditPage/Tours">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tours_Cathedral" title="Tours Cathedral">Tours Cathedral</a></div> <p>The Cathedral of Tours, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Gatianus_of_Tours" title="Gatianus of Tours">Saint Gatien</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Tours">bishop</a>, was begun about 1170 to replace the cathedral that was burnt out in 1166 during the dispute between <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a>. The lowermost stages of the western towers belong to the 12th century, but the rest of the west end is in the profusely detailed 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Flamboyant_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamboyant Gothic">Flamboyant Gothic</a>, which were completed just as the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> was affecting the patrons who planned the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Châteaux">châteaux</a> of Touraine. The towers were being constructed at the same time as, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau" title="Château de Chenonceau">Château de Chenonceau</a>. </p><p>When the 15th-century illuminator <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a> was set the task of illuminating <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>'s <i>Jewish Antiquities</i>, his depiction of <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> was modelled on the nearly complete cathedral of Tours. The atmosphere of the Gothic cathedral close permeates <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>'s dark short novel of jealousy and provincial intrigues, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Cur%C3%A9_de_Tours" title="Le Curé de Tours">Le Curé de Tours</a></i> (<i>The Curate of Tours</i>) and his medieval story <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre_Corn%C3%A9lius" title="Maître Cornélius">Maître Cornélius</a></i> opens in the cathedral itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_points_of_interest">Other points of interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other points of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Tours" title="Hôtel de Ville, Tours">Hôtel de Ville</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_Tours" title="Jardin botanique de Tours">Jardin botanique de Tours</a>, the municipal <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_enclosure_at_Tours" title="Medieval enclosure at Tours">Medieval enclosure at Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Tours" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Tours">Musée des Beaux-Arts de Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Go%C3%BCin" title="Hôtel Goüin">Hôtel Goüin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Tours" title="Château de Tours">Château de Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Martin,_Tours" title="Basilica of Saint Martin, Tours">Basilique St-Martin</a></li> <li>Place Plumereau, the old town</li> <li>Grand Théâtre, housing the <a href="/wiki/Tours_Opera" title="Tours Opera">Opéra de Tours</a></li> <li>Tour Charlemagne</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tours" title="Special:EditPage/Tours">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the inhabitants of Tours (<i>Les Tourangeaux</i>) were known for speaking the "purest" form of French in the entire country.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pronunciation of Touraine was traditionally regarded as the most standard pronunciation of the French language, until the 19th century when the standard pronunciation of French shifted to that of the Parisian bourgeoisie.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is explained by the fact that the court of France lived in <a href="/wiki/Touraine" title="Touraine">Touraine</a> between 1430 and 1530. French, the language of the court, had become the official language of the entire kingdom. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Council of Tours">Council of Tours in 813</a> decided that priests should preach sermons in different languages because the common people could no longer understand <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">classical Latin</a>. This was the first official recognition of an early French language distinct from Latin, and can be considered as the birth of French. </p><p>The Ordinance of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plessis-lez-Tours" title="Château de Plessis-lez-Tours">Montils-lès-Tours</a>, promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a> in 1454, made it mandatory to write laws and oral customs in the native language of the area. </p><p>An ordinance of <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Amboise" title="Château d'Amboise">Amboise</a>, near Tours) in 1490 and one of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Blois">Blois</a>, near Tours) in 1510 broaden the scope of the ordinance of Charles VII. </p><p>Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_Villers-Cotter%C3%AAts" title="Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts">Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts</a>, signed into law by <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a> in 1539, called for the use of French in all legal acts, notarized contracts and official legislation to avoid any linguistic confusion. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> wrote in the 6th century that some people in the area could still speak <a href="/wiki/Gaulish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish language">Gaulish</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City">City</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tours" title="Special:EditPage/Tours">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourswilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tourswilson.jpg/220px-Tourswilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Tourswilson.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="179" /></a><figcaption> Pont Wilson crosses the river <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> at the old civic core</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has a population of 140,000 and is called "Le Jardin de la France" ("The Garden of France"). There are several parks located within the city. Tours is located between two rivers, the Loire to the north and the Cher to the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slate</a> (called <i>Ardoise</i>) roofs; this style is common in the north of France, while most buildings in the south of France have <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> roofs. </p><p>Tours is famous for its original medieval district, called <i>le Vieux Tours</i>. Unique to the Old City are its preserved <a href="/wiki/Half-timbered" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timbered">half-timbered</a> buildings and <i>la Place Plumereau</i>, a square with busy pubs and restaurants, whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. The Boulevard Beranger crosses the <a href="/wiki/Rue_Nationale" title="Rue Nationale">Rue Nationale</a> at the Place Jean-Jaures and is the location of weekly markets and fairs. </p><p>Tours is famous for its many bridges crossing the river Loire. One of them, Wilson Bridge, collapsed in 1978 but was rebuilt. </p><p>In the garden of the ancient Palais des Archevêques (now <i>Musée des Beaux-Arts</i>) is a huge <a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">cedar</a> tree said to have been planted by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The garden also has a stuffed elephant named Fritz. He escaped from the <a href="/wiki/Barnum_and_Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnum and Bailey">Barnum and Bailey</a> circus during their stay in Tours in 1902. He went mad and had to be shot down, but the city paid to honor him, and he was taxidermied as a result. </p><p>Tours is home to <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tours" title="University of Tours">University of Tours</a> (formerly known as University François Rabelais of Tours), the site of one of the most important choral competitions, called <i>Florilège Vocal de Tours</i> International Choir Competition, and is a member city of the <a href="/wiki/European_Grand_Prix_for_Choral_Singing" title="European Grand Prix for Choral Singing">European Grand Prix for Choral Singing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Tours proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Tours absorbed the former commune of Saint-Étienne in 1845 and Sainte-Radegonde-en-Touraine and Saint-Symphorien in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,240</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,703</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,928</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">23,235</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,669</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,072</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,766</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,530</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">38,055</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,061</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,450</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,368</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,325</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">52,209</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,585</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,335</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,267</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.95%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,695</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">67,601</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">73,398</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,096</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">77,192</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">78,585</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">83,753</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,044</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">83,618</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">92,944</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">128,120</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">140,686</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">132,209</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">129,509</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">132,820</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">136,578</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">134,978</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">135,787</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.12%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968–2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tram_Tours_Maquette-exterieur1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tram_Tours_Maquette-exterieur1.JPG/220px-Tram_Tours_Maquette-exterieur1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tram_Tours_Maquette-exterieur1.JPG/330px-Tram_Tours_Maquette-exterieur1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tram_Tours_Maquette-exterieur1.JPG/440px-Tram_Tours_Maquette-exterieur1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Tram model, design by the French agency <a href="/wiki/RCP_Design_Global" title="RCP Design Global">RCP Design Global</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Today, with extensive rail (including <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_France" title="Autoroutes of France">autoroute</a></i> connections linking to the rest of the country, Tours is a jumping-off point for tourist visits to the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> and the royal <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">châteaux</a>. </p><p>Tours is on one of the main lines of the TGV. It is possible to travel to the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> in two and a half hours. From there, the line follows the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast via <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, and then to Spain and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. There are also lines to <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>. It takes less than one hour by train to get from Tours to Paris by TGV and one and a half hours to get to <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Charles de Gaulle Airport</a>. Tours has two main stations: <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Tours">Gare de Tours</a>, the central station, and <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Saint-Pierre-des-Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps">Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps</a>, used by trains that do not terminate in Tours. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tours_Loire_Valley_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tours Loire Valley Airport">Tours Loire Valley Airport</a> connects the Loire Valley to European cities. </p><p>Historically, Tours was served by <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Tours" title="Trolleybuses in Tours">trolleybus system</a> lasting from 1949 to 1968. Tram service returned to the city in 2013, when a new <a href="/wiki/Tours_tramway" title="Tours tramway">tram system</a> began operation. Twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Citadis" title="Alstom Citadis">Alstom Citadis</a> trams were ordered.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a bus service, the main central stop being <i>Jean Jaurès</i>, next to the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Tours" title="Hôtel de Ville, Tours">Hôtel de Ville</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rue_Nationale" title="Rue Nationale">rue Nationale</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/High_street" class="mw-redirect" title="High street">high street</a> of Tours. The tram and bus networks are operated by Fil Bleu and they share a ticketing system. A second tram line is scheduled for 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Tours_FC" title="Tours FC">Tours FC</a>, currently play in <a href="/wiki/Championnat_National_3" title="Championnat National 3">Championnat National 3</a>, the fifth level of <a href="/wiki/Football_in_France" title="Football in France">French football</a>. They also have a second team, <a href="/wiki/CCSP_Tours" title="CCSP Tours">CCSP Tours</a>. CCSP's home stadium is the Stade des Tourettes and they play in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_d%27Honneur_Regionale_de_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division d'Honneur Regionale de Centre (page does not exist)">Division d'Honneur Regionale de Centre</a>, the seventh tier of the <a href="/wiki/French_football_league_system" title="French football league system">French football league system</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tours has served as the finish location for <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Tours" title="Paris–Tours">Paris–Tours</a>, a one-day <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road cycling</a> <a href="/wiki/Classic_cycle_races" title="Classic cycle races">classic</a> race held almost every October since 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tours also has a volleyball club named the <a href="/wiki/Tours_VB" title="Tours VB">Tours VB</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholics_from_Tours">Catholics from Tours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Catholics from Tours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LeoDupont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/LeoDupont.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_Dupont" title="Leo Dupont">Venerable Leo Dupont</a>, <i>Holy Man of Tours</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Tours is a special place for Catholics who follow the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">devotion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a> and the adoration of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a>. In 1843, Sister <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_St_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of St Peter">Marie of St Peter</a> of Tours reported a vision which started the devotion to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a>, in reparation for the many insults Christ suffered in His Passion. The <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Arrow_Holy_Face_Devotion_(Prayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Golden Arrow Holy Face Devotion (Prayer)">Golden Arrow Prayer</a></i> was first made public by her. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">Venerable</a> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Dupont" title="Leo Dupont">Leo Dupont</a> also known as The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Man_of_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Man of Tours">Holy Man of Tours</a> lived in Tours at about the same time. In 1849 he started the nightly adoration of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a>, which spread throughout France. Upon hearing of Sister <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_St_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of St Peter">Marie of St Peter</a>'s reported visions, he started to burn a vigil lamp continuously before a picture of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a>. The devotion was eventually approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> in 1958 and he formally declared the Feast of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a> as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Roman Catholics.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_the_Holy_Face" title="Oratory of the Holy Face">Oratory of the Holy Face</a> on Rue St. Etienne in Tours receives many pilgrims every year. </p><p>Tours was the site of the episcopal activity of <a href="/wiki/St._Martin_of_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Martin of Tours">St. Martin of Tours</a> and has further Christian connotations in that the pivotal <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tours" title="Battle of Tours">Battle of Tours</a> in 732 is often considered the first decisive victory over the invading Islamic forces, turning the tide against them. The battle also helped lay the foundations of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Tours,_France" title="Category:People from Tours, France">Category:People from Tours, France</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Duchesse_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re_Pierre_Mignard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/La_Duchesse_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re_Pierre_Mignard.jpg/140px-La_Duchesse_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re_Pierre_Mignard.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/La_Duchesse_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re_Pierre_Mignard.jpg/210px-La_Duchesse_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re_Pierre_Mignard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/La_Duchesse_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re_Pierre_Mignard.jpg/280px-La_Duchesse_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re_Pierre_Mignard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise de la Vallière">Louise de la Vallière</a>, 17th.C</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/General_R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand.jpg/140px-General_R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/General_R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand.jpg/210px-General_R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/General_R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand.jpg/280px-General_R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand" title="Régis de Trobriand">Régis de Trobriand</a>, 1865</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_service">Public service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Public service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengarius of Tours</a> (999–1088), theologian.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Firmatus" title="William Firmatus">William Firmatus</a> (1026–1103), a Norman hermit, pilgrim and now a saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silvestris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Silvestris">Bernard of Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">fl.</a> 1147, d. before 1178), philosopher and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne-Marie_de_Maille" title="Jeanne-Marie de Maille">Jeanne-Marie de Maille</a> (1331–1414), saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Valois,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry">Charles of Valois</a> (1446–1472), son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a>, younger brother of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_la_Valli%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise de la Vallière">Louise de la Vallière</a> (1644–1710), noblewoman and courtesan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Michel_Guerry" title="André-Michel Guerry">André-Michel Guerry</a> (1802–1866), lawyer and statistician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_St_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of St Peter">Marie of St Peter</a> (1816–1848), mystic carmelite nun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand" title="Régis de Trobriand">Régis de Trobriand</a> (1816–1897), American military officer and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Viollet" title="Paul Viollet">Paul Viollet</a> (1840–1914), historian.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Rimbault" title="Louis Rimbault">Louis Rimbault</a> (1877–1949), <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist anarchist</a>, promoted of <a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">simple living</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">veganism</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_B._De_Sauz%C3%A9" title="Emile B. De Sauzé">Emile B. De Sauzé</a> (1878–1964), language educator</li> <li>Baron <a href="/wiki/Geoffroy_Chodron_de_Courcel" title="Geoffroy Chodron de Courcel">Geoffroy Chodron de Courcel</a> (1912-1992), nobleman, soldier and diplomat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Laurentin" title="René Laurentin">René Laurentin</a> (1917–2017), theologian, student of <a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Royer" title="Jean Royer">Jean Royer</a> (1920–2011), former Minister and former Mayor of Tours.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe</a> (1940–2007), philosopher, literary critic and translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Brugui%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Louis Bruguière">Jean-Louis Bruguière</a> (born 1943), top French <a href="/wiki/Investigating_judge_(France)" title="Investigating judge (France)">investigating judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Babary" title="Serge Babary">Serge Babary</a> (born 1946) politician, Mayor of Tours between 2014 and 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Bussereau" title="Dominique Bussereau">Dominique Bussereau</a> (born 1952), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Colonna" title="Catherine Colonna">Catherine Colonna</a> (born 1956) a French diplomat and politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Fouquet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jean_Fouquet.png/140px-Jean_Fouquet.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jean_Fouquet.png/210px-Jean_Fouquet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jean_Fouquet.png/280px-Jean_Fouquet.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a> self portrait, ca.1450</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re,_Portrait_de_Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches_(1741).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_Portrait_de_Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches_%281741%29.jpg/140px-Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_Portrait_de_Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches_%281741%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_Portrait_de_Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches_%281741%29.jpg/210px-Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_Portrait_de_Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches_%281741%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_Portrait_de_Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches_%281741%29.jpg/280px-Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_Portrait_de_Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches_%281741%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches" title="Philippe Néricault Destouches">Philippe Néricault Destouches</a>, 1741</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_48_-_Balzac_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_48_-_Balzac_07.jpg/140px-P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_48_-_Balzac_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_48_-_Balzac_07.jpg/210px-P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_48_-_Balzac_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_48_-_Balzac_07.jpg/280px-P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_48_-_Balzac_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>statue of <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a> (1420–1481), painter and miniaturist.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juste_de_Juste" title="Juste de Juste">Juste de Juste</a> (ca.1505 – ca.1559), Franco-Italian sculptor and printmaker in etching</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet" title="François Clouet">François Clouet</a> (ca.1510 – 1572), <a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance" title="French Renaissance">French Renaissance</a> <a href="/wiki/Portrait_miniature" title="Portrait miniature">miniaturist</a> and painter.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bosse" title="Abraham Bosse">Abraham Bosse</a> (1604–1676), artist as a printmaker in etching, but also in watercolour.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Paule_Bretonneau" title="François de Paule Bretonneau">François de Paule Bretonneau</a> (1660–1741), preacher, librettist and playwright.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_N%C3%A9ricault_Destouches" title="Philippe Néricault Destouches">Philippe Néricault Destouches</a> (1680–1754), dramatist and playwright.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Dutens" title="Louis Dutens">Louis Dutens</a> (1730–1812), writer, lived most of his life in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrais" title="Jean Baudrais">Jean Baudrais</a> (1749–1832), writer and magistrate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Bouilly" title="Jean-Nicolas Bouilly">Jean-Nicolas Bouilly</a> (1763–1842), playwright and librettist.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Musard" title="Philippe Musard">Philippe Musard</a> (1792–1859), conductor and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a> (1799–1850), novelist and playwright.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Moinaux" title="Jules Moinaux">Jules Moinaux</a> (1815–1895), writer, playwright and librettist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Emily_Dobr%C3%A9e" title="Louisa Emily Dobrée">Louisa Emily Dobrée</a> (ca.1852–1917), writer of novels, short stories and juvenile literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Courteline" title="Georges Courteline">Georges Courteline</a> (1858–1929), dramatist and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mendaille" title="Daniel Mendaille">Daniel Mendaille</a> (1885–1963), stage and film actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nizan" title="Paul Nizan">Paul Nizan</a> (1905–1940), novelist and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnefoy" title="Yves Bonnefoy">Yves Bonnefoy</a> (1923–2016), poet and art historian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Guers" title="Paul Guers">Paul Guers</a> (1927–2016), film actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Narcy" title="Jean-Claude Narcy">Jean-Claude Narcy</a> (born 1938), journalist and news anchor on <a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chalopin" title="Jean Chalopin">Jean Chalopin</a> (born 1950), TV and movie producer, director and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villeret" title="Jacques Villeret">Jacques Villeret</a> (1951–2005), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Ker_Ambrun" title="Yves Ker Ambrun">Yves Ker Ambrun</a> (born 1954), cartoonist and graphic artist; known as <i>YKA</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Petitguillaume" title="Laurent Petitguillaume">Laurent Petitguillaume</a> (born 1960), radio and television host</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Delahaye" title="Luc Delahaye">Luc Delahaye</a> (born 1962), photographer of large-scale color works about social issues</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Audeguy" title="Stéphane Audeguy">Stéphane Audeguy</a> (born 1964), writer, literary critic and teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Mauvignier" title="Laurent Mauvignier">Laurent Mauvignier</a> (born 1967), writer of prose and for the theatre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_(singer)" title="Sinclair (singer)">Mathieu Blanc-Francard</a> (born 1970), musician and singer-songwriter, stage name <i>Sinclair</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A2diya" title="Nâdiya">Nadia Zighem</a> (born 1973), a <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a> singer, stage name <i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A2diya" title="Nâdiya">Nâdiya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Roselmack" title="Harry Roselmack">Harry Roselmack</a> (born 1973), television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphine_Bardin" title="Delphine Bardin">Delphine Bardin</a> (born 1974), classical pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaz_(singer)" title="Zaz (singer)">Isabelle Geffroy</a> (born 1980), singer who mixes jazzy styles, stage name <i>Zaz</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_Ranx" title="Biga Ranx">Gabriel Piotrowski</a> (born 1988), reggae singer, producer and writer, stage name <i><a href="/wiki/Biga_Ranx" title="Biga Ranx">Biga Ranx</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_business">Science and business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Science and business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabriel-Lam%C3%A9.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gabriel-Lam%C3%A9.jpeg/140px-Gabriel-Lam%C3%A9.jpeg" decoding="async" width="140" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gabriel-Lam%C3%A9.jpeg/210px-Gabriel-Lam%C3%A9.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gabriel-Lam%C3%A9.jpeg/280px-Gabriel-Lam%C3%A9.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lam%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Lamé">Gabriel Lamé</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Guillaume Rouillé">Guillaume Rouillé</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1518</span> – 1589), prominent humanist bookseller-printer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Le_Roy" title="Julien Le Roy">Julien Le Roy</a> (1686-1759), clockmaker and watchmaker.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Heurteloup" title="Nicolas Heurteloup">Nicolas Heurteloup</a> (1750–1812), a military physician and surgeon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Go%C3%BCin" title="Alexandre Goüin">Alexandre Goüin</a> (1792–1872), banker and politician; linked with <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Go%C3%BCin" title="Hôtel Goüin">Hôtel Goüin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lam%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Lamé">Gabriel Lamé</a> (1795–1870), mathematician, worked on <a href="/wiki/Partial_differential_equation" title="Partial differential equation">partial differential equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Dujardin" title="Félix Dujardin">Félix Dujardin</a> (1801–1860), biologist, researched <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Trousseau" title="Armand Trousseau">Armand Trousseau</a> (1801–1867), internist; found <a href="/wiki/Trousseau_sign_of_malignancy" title="Trousseau sign of malignancy">Trousseau sign of malignancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Archambault" title="Théophile Archambault">Théophile Archambault</a> (1806–1863), psychiatrist, also taught mental <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Go%C3%BCin" title="Ernest Goüin">Ernest Goüin</a> (1815–1885), <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">civil engineer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialist">industrialist</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Go%C3%BCin" title="Eugène Goüin">Eugène Goüin</a> (1818–1909), banker and politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Haime" title="Jules Haime">Jules Haime</a> (1824–1856), <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologist">paleontologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a>; researched <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Delahaye" title="Émile Delahaye">Émile Delahaye</a> (1843–1905), automobile pioneer, founded <a href="/wiki/Delahaye" title="Delahaye">Delahaye</a> an automobile manufacturer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couette" title="Maurice Couette">Maurice Couette</a> (1858–1943), physicist, studied of fluidity & <a href="/wiki/Rheology" title="Rheology">rheology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pascal.HERVE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pascal.HERVE.jpg/140px-Pascal.HERVE.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pascal.HERVE.jpg/210px-Pascal.HERVE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pascal.HERVE.jpg/280px-Pascal.HERVE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Herv%C3%A9" title="Pascal Hervé">Pascal Hervé</a>, 2000</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mervin_Glennie" title="Mervin Glennie">Mervin Glennie</a> (1918—1986) English first-class cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Poirot" title="Catherine Poirot">Catherine Poirot</a> (born 1963) former breaststroke swimmer, bronze medallist in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Herv%C3%A9" title="Pascal Hervé">Pascal Hervé</a> (born 1964), a road racing cyclist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Gravelaine" title="Xavier Gravelaine">Xavier Gravelaine</a> (born 1968), former footballer with 405 club caps and 4 for <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maamar_Mamouni" title="Maamar Mamouni">Maamar Mamouni</a> (born 1976) a former footballer with over 290 club caps and 29 for <a href="/wiki/Algeria_national_football_team" title="Algeria national football team">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Mekies" title="Laurent Mekies">Laurent Mekies</a> (born 1977), assistant team principal and race director for <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Roy" title="Ludovic Roy">Ludovic Roy</a> (born 1977), footballer with 234 club caps (all in Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Dambier" title="Frédéric Dambier">Frédéric Dambier</a> (born 1977), figure skater, landed a quadruple <a href="/wiki/Salchow_jump" title="Salchow jump">salchow</a> in competition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Ducalcon" title="Luc Ducalcon">Luc Ducalcon</a> (born 1984), rugby union player with over 250 club caps and 17 for <a href="/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team" title="France national rugby union team">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josselin_Ouanna" title="Josselin Ouanna">Josselin Ouanna</a> (born 1986) a retired French tennis player.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Diallo" title="Abdou Diallo">Abdou Diallo</a> (born 1996), footballer with over 150 club caps and 22 for <a href="/wiki/Senegal_national_football_team" title="Senegal national football team">Senegal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_—_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.94_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns — sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Twin towns — sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tours is twinned with:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim</a>, Germany, since 1962</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a>, Spain, since 1972</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, Italy, since 1976</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, China, since 1982</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a>, Canada, since 1987</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Takamatsu,_Kagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Takamatsu, Kagawa">Takamatsu</a>, Japan, since 1988</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a>, Romania, since 1990</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, Minnesota USA, since 1991</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_garden_in_Tours,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jardin de la Préfecture (central park)."><img alt="Jardin de la Préfecture (central park)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Public_garden_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/169px-Public_garden_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Public_garden_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/254px-Public_garden_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Public_garden_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/339px-Public_garden_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i>Jardin de la Préfecture</i> (central park).</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_Lebanon_Cedar_in_Tours,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant Cedar tree."><img alt="Giant Cedar tree." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Giant_Lebanon_Cedar_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/163px-Giant_Lebanon_Cedar_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Giant_Lebanon_Cedar_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/245px-Giant_Lebanon_Cedar_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Giant_Lebanon_Cedar_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg/327px-Giant_Lebanon_Cedar_in_Tours%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Giant Cedar tree.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Gouin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hôtel Goüin."><img alt="Hôtel Goüin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hotel_Gouin.JPG/120px-Hotel_Gouin.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hotel_Gouin.JPG/180px-Hotel_Gouin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hotel_Gouin.JPG/240px-Hotel_Gouin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Go%C3%BCin" title="Hôtel Goüin">Hôtel Goüin</a>.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loire_Indre_Tours3_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Place Plumereau."><img alt="Place Plumereau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Loire_Indre_Tours3_tango7174.jpg/234px-Loire_Indre_Tours3_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Loire_Indre_Tours3_tango7174.jpg/351px-Loire_Indre_Tours3_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Loire_Indre_Tours3_tango7174.jpg/468px-Loire_Indre_Tours3_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i>Place Plumereau</i>.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rooftops_of_Tours,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Slate roofs of Tours."><img alt="Slate roofs of Tours." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rooftops_of_Tours%2C_France.jpg/330px-Rooftops_of_Tours%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rooftops_of_Tours%2C_France.jpg/495px-Rooftops_of_Tours%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rooftops_of_Tours%2C_France.jpg/659px-Rooftops_of_Tours%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Slate roofs of Tours.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_Mirabeau_Tours_from_the_rivers_north_bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Looking towards central Tours from the north bank of the Loire, adjacent to the Pont Mirabeau."><img alt="Looking towards central Tours from the north bank of the Loire, adjacent to the Pont Mirabeau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pont_Mirabeau_Tours_from_the_rivers_north_bank.jpg/240px-Pont_Mirabeau_Tours_from_the_rivers_north_bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pont_Mirabeau_Tours_from_the_rivers_north_bank.jpg/360px-Pont_Mirabeau_Tours_from_the_rivers_north_bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pont_Mirabeau_Tours_from_the_rivers_north_bank.jpg/480px-Pont_Mirabeau_Tours_from_the_rivers_north_bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Looking towards central Tours from the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>, adjacent to the Pont Mirabeau.</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Tours">Bishop of Tours</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Turonian" title="Turonian">Turonian</a> epoch, named for the city of Tours</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listing_of_the_work_of_Jean_Antoine_Injalbert-French_sculptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Listing of the work of Jean Antoine Injalbert-French sculptor">Listing of the work of Jean Antoine Injalbert</a>, sculptor of Tours railway station</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Gaumont" title="Marcel Gaumont">Marcel Gaumont</a>, sculptor of war memorial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcis_enclosure" title="Arcis enclosure">Arcis enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possessions_of_the_abbey_of_Marmoutier_de_Tours" title="List of possessions of the abbey of Marmoutier de Tours">List of possessions of the abbey of Marmoutier de Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_enclosure_of_Tours" title="Gallo-Roman enclosure of Tours">Gallo-Roman enclosure of Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_enclosure_at_Tours" title="Medieval enclosure at Tours">Medieval enclosure at Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Tours_bombing" title="2023 Tours bombing">2023 Tours bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_bridges_over_the_Loire_in_the_Touraine_area" title="Ancient bridges over the Loire in the Touraine area">Ancient bridges over the Loire in the Touraine area</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-37261">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-37261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-019+UU2020-37701+COM-37261">"Comparateur de territoire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparateur+de+territoire&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DAAV2020-019%2BUU2020-37701%2BCOM-37261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Historia Brittonum</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Britons#2.7" class="extiw" title="wikisource:History of the Britons">7</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Britons#2.10" class="extiw" title="wikisource:History of the Britons">10–11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Andalusian History, from the Islamic conquest till the fall of Granada 92–897 A.H. (711–1492 C.E.), by Professor <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:عبد الرحمن علي الحجي">AbdurRahman Ali El-Hajji</a>, a professor of the Islamic history at Baghdad University, published in Dar Al-Qalam, in Damascus, and in Beirut. "Second Edition". p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Météo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Météo_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/tours/37179001/normales">"Données climatiques de la station de Tours"</a> (in French). Meteo France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donn%C3%A9es+climatiques+de+la+station+de+Tours&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.com%2Fclimat%2Ffrance%2Ftours%2F37179001%2Fnormales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_37179001.pdf">"TOURS (37)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records</i> (in French). Meteo France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=TOURS+%2837%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_37179001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07240-tours-st-symphorien.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: Tours – St Symphorien (37) – altitude 112m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961%E2%80%931990%3A+Tours+%E2%80%93+St+Symphorien+%2837%29+%E2%80%93+altitude+112m&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07240-tours-st-symphorien.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722100310/http://www.minneapolis.org/partners-amp-community/sister-cities/tours-france">"Tours, France"</a>. <i>Meet Minneapolis</i>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minneapolis.org/partners-amp-community/sister-cities/tours-france">the original</a> on 22 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meet+Minneapolis&rft.atitle=Tours%2C+France&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolis.org%2Fpartners-amp-community%2Fsister-cities%2Ftours-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Montvalon" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Montvalon, Jean-Baptiste. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2014/12/24/les-accents-participent-a-la-richesse-de-notre-langue_4545939_3246.html">"Philippe Boula de Mareüil : « Les accents participent à la richesse de notre langue"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i> (in French). Paris<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Philippe+Boula+de+Mare%C3%BCil+%3A+%C2%AB+Les+accents+participent+%C3%A0+la+richesse+de+notre+langue&rft.aulast=de+Montvalon&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F2014%2F12%2F24%2Fles-accents-participent-a-la-richesse-de-notre-langue_4545939_3246.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.media.france.fr/en/node/6559">"City summary: Tours"</a>. <i>us.media.france.fr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=us.media.france.fr&rft.atitle=City+summary%3A+Tours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fus.media.france.fr%2Fen%2Fnode%2F6559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=37911">Commune data sheet Tours</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-37261#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/tours-selects-citadis-and-aps.html">"Tours selects Citadis and APS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i>. London. 14 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=Tours+selects+Citadis+and+APS&rft.date=2010-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnc%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Ftours-selects-citadis-and-aps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://letramdetours.net/">"Tramway de Tours – Le Tram de Tours"</a>. <i>letramdetours.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=letramdetours.net&rft.atitle=Tramway+de+Tours+%E2%80%93+Le+Tram+de+Tours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fletramdetours.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paris-tours.fr/en/heritage/stage-1/town/tours">"City tourism: Tours"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Tours" title="Paris–Tours">Paris–Tours</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Amaury_Sport_Organisation" title="Amaury Sport Organisation">Amaury Sport Organisation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paris%E2%80%93Tours&rft.atitle=City+tourism%3A+Tours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris-tours.fr%2Fen%2Fheritage%2Fstage-1%2Ftown%2Ftours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorothy Scallan. "The Holy Man of Tours." (1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89555-390-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89555-390-2">0-89555-390-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, Paul K. (1999) "100 Decisive Battles From Ancient Times to the Present" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514366-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514366-3">0-19-514366-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Berengarius"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Berengarius">"Berengarius" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 768–769.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berengarius&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=768-769&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/La Vallière, Louise Françoise de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/La_Valli%C3%A8re,_Louise_Fran%C3%A7oise_de">"La Vallière, Louise Françoise de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 290–291.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Valli%C3%A8re%2C+Louise+Fran%C3%A7oise+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=290-291&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Viollet, Paul Marie"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Viollet,_Paul_Marie">"Viollet, Paul Marie" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Viollet%2C+Paul+Marie&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=107&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Foucquet, Jean"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Foucquet,_Jean">"Foucquet, Jean" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 737.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foucquet%2C+Jean&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=737&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._C._Williamson" title="G. C. Williamson">Williamson, George Charles</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Clouet, François"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Clouet,_Fran%C3%A7ois">"Clouet, François" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 559–560.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clouet%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=559-560&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=George+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Destouches, Philippe"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Destouches,_Philippe">"Destouches, Philippe" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Destouches%2C+Philippe&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=104&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dutens, Louis"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dutens,_Louis">"Dutens, Louis" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 736.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dutens%2C+Louis&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=736&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bouilly, Jean Nicolas"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bouilly,_Jean_Nicolas">"Bouilly, Jean Nicolas" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bouilly%2C+Jean+Nicolas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=318&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaintsbury1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Saintsbury" title="George Saintsbury">Saintsbury, George</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Balzac, Honoré de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Balzac,_Honor%C3%A9_de">"Balzac, Honoré de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 298–301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Balzac%2C+Honor%C3%A9+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=298-301&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Saintsbury&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tours.fr/action-municipale/364-jumelages-et-partenariats.htm">"Jumelages et partenariats"</a>. <i>tours.fr</i> (in French). Tours<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tours.fr&rft.atitle=Jumelages+et+partenariats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tours.fr%2Faction-municipale%2F364-jumelages-et-partenariats.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tours#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Tours">Bibliography of the history of Tours</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219043855/http://www.practical-tours.fr/"><i>Practical Tours, the comprehensive guide to living in Tours</i></a>, Tours: Stéphanie Ouvrard, 2013, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.practical-tours.fr">the original</a> on 19 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Tours%2C+the+comprehensive+guide+to+living+in+Tours&rft.place=Tours&rft.pub=St%C3%A9phanie+Ouvrard&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.practical-tours.fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATours" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tours.fr/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touraineloirevalley.co.uk/discover/the-finest-cities/visit-tours-loire-valley-france/">Official tourism information about Tours, on the Departemental Tourism Board website</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tours" class="extiw" title="voy:Tours">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Loire_Valley_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=UNESCO&#124;link=UNESCO" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Loire_Valley_communes" title="Template:Loire Valley communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Loire_Valley_communes" title="Template talk:Loire Valley communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Loire_Valley_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Loire Valley communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_of_the_Loire_Valley_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=UNESCO&#124;link=UNESCO" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_the_Loire_valley" title="List of communes of the Loire valley">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> UNESCO World Heritage Site <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amboise" title="Amboise">Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avaray" title="Avaray">Avaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoine,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Avoine, Indre-et-Loire">Avoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azay-le-Rideau" title="Azay-le-Rideau">Azay-le-Rideau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballan-Mir%C3%A9" title="Ballan-Miré">Ballan-Miré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baule" title="Baule">Baule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaugency" title="Beaugency">Beaugency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-V%C3%A9ron" title="Beaumont-en-Véron">Beaumont-en-Véron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9huard" title="Béhuard">Béhuard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthenay" title="Berthenay">Berthenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaison-Saint-Sulpice" title="Blaison-Saint-Sulpice">Blaison-Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bou,_Loiret" title="Bou, Loiret">Bou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchemaine" title="Bouchemaine">Bouchemaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-sur-l%27Authion" title="Brain-sur-l'Authion">Brain-sur-l'Authion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9h%C3%A9mont" title="Bréhémont">Bréhémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candes-Saint-Martin" title="Candes-Saint-Martin">Candes-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cand%C3%A9-sur-Beuvron" title="Candé-sur-Beuvron">Candé-sur-Beuvron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangey" title="Cangey">Cangey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chailles" title="Chailles">Chailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaingy" title="Chaingy">Chaingy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalonnes-sur-Loire" title="Chalonnes-sur-Loire">Chalonnes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambord,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Chambord, Loir-et-Cher">Chambord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9" title="Chargé">Chargé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-sur-Loire" title="Châteauneuf-sur-Loire">Châteauneuf-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont-sur-Loire" title="Chaumont-sur-Loire">Chaumont-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9cy" title="Chécy">Chécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheill%C3%A9" title="Cheillé">Cheillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AAnehutte-Tr%C3%A8ves-Cunault" title="Chênehutte-Trèves-Cunault">Chênehutte-Trèves-Cunault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenonceaux" title="Chenonceaux">Chenonceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon" title="Chinon">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouz%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Chouzé-sur-Loire">Chouzé-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouzy-sur-Cisse" title="Chouzy-sur-Cisse">Chouzy-sur-Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinais" title="Cinais">Cinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinq-Mars-la-Pile" title="Cinq-Mars-la-Pile">Cinq-Mars-la-Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ry-Saint-Andr%C3%A9" title="Cléry-Saint-André">Cléry-Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combleux" title="Combleux">Combleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courbouzon,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Courbouzon, Loir-et-Cher">Courbouzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cour-sur-Loire" title="Cour-sur-Loire">Cour-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darvoy" title="Darvoy">Darvoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den%C3%A9e,_Maine-et-Loire" title="Denée, Maine-et-Loire">Denée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry,_Loiret" title="Dry, Loiret">Dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondettes" title="Fondettes">Fondettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontevraud-l%27Abbaye" title="Fontevraud-l'Abbaye">Fontevraud-l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennes,_Maine-et-Loire" title="Gennes, Maine-et-Loire">Gennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germigny-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Germigny-des-Prés">Germigny-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huismes" title="Huismes">Huismes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrandes-de-Touraine" title="Ingrandes-de-Touraine">Ingrandes-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jargeau" title="Jargeau">Jargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jou%C3%A9-l%C3%A8s-Tours" title="Joué-lès-Tours">Joué-lès-Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juign%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Juigné-sur-Loire">Juigné-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bohalle" title="La Bohalle">La Bohalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-sur-Loire" title="La Chapelle-sur-Loire">La Chapelle-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-aux-Naux" title="La Chapelle-aux-Naux">La Chapelle-aux-Naux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin" title="La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin">La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chauss%C3%A9e-Saint-Victor" title="La Chaussée-Saint-Victor">La Chaussée-Saint-Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Dagueni%C3%A8re" title="La Daguenière">La Daguenière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A9nitr%C3%A9" title="La Ménitré">La Ménitré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Possonni%C3%A8re" title="La Possonnière">La Possonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Riche" title="La Riche">La Riche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Clermault" title="La Roche-Clermault">La Roche-Clermault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ville-aux-Dames" title="La Ville-aux-Dames">La Ville-aux-Dames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailly-en-Val" title="Lailly-en-Val">Lailly-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeais" title="Langeais">Langeais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lar%C3%A7ay" title="Larçay">Larçay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Thoureil" title="Le Thoureil">Le Thoureil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lern%C3%A9" title="Lerné">Lerné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Ponts-de-C%C3%A9" title="Les Ponts-de-Cé">Les Ponts-de-Cé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Rosiers-sur-Loire" title="Les Rosiers-sur-Loire">Les Rosiers-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestiou" title="Lestiou">Lestiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligni%C3%A8res-de-Touraine" title="Lignières-de-Touraine">Lignières-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeray" title="Limeray">Limeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lussault-sur-Loire" title="Lussault-sur-Loire">Lussault-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luynes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Luynes, Indre-et-Loire">Luynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi%C3%A9" title="Mardié">Mardié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mareau-aux-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Mareau-aux-Prés">Mareau-aux-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslives" title="Maslives">Maslives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menars" title="Menars">Menars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Mer, Loir-et-Cher">Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meung-sur-Loire" title="Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteaux" title="Monteaux">Monteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlivault" title="Montlivault">Montlivault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlouis-sur-Loire" title="Montlouis-sur-Loire">Montlouis-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montsoreau" title="Montsoreau">Montsoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosnes" title="Mosnes">Mosnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muides-sur-Loire" title="Muides-sur-Loire">Muides-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBrs-Erign%C3%A9" title="Mûrs-Erigné">Mûrs-Erigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazelles-N%C3%A9gron" title="Nazelles-Négron">Nazelles-Négron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvy-en-Sullias" title="Neuvy-en-Sullias">Neuvy-en-Sullias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noizay" title="Noizay">Noizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet,_Loiret" title="Olivet, Loiret">Olivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onzain" title="Onzain">Onzain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouvrouer-les-Champs" title="Ouvrouer-les-Champs">Ouvrouer-les-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnay,_Maine-et-Loire" title="Parnay, Maine-et-Loire">Parnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poc%C3%A9-sur-Cisse" title="Pocé-sur-Cisse">Pocé-sur-Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigny-Uss%C3%A9" title="Rigny-Ussé">Rigny-Ussé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilly-sur-Loire" title="Rilly-sur-Loire">Rilly-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivarennes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Rivarennes, Indre-et-Loire">Rivarennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Rivière, Indre-et-Loire">Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochecorbon" title="Rochecorbon">Rochecorbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochefort-sur-Loire" title="Rochefort-sur-Loire">Rochefort-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cl%C3%A9ment-des-Lev%C3%A9es" title="Saint-Clément-des-Levées">Saint-Clément-des-Levées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Croix" title="Saint-Jean-de-la-Croix">Saint-Jean-de-la-Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-des-Mauvrets" title="Saint-Jean-des-Mauvrets">Saint-Jean-des-Mauvrets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-la-Place" title="Saint-Martin-de-la-Place">Saint-Martin-de-la-Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire">Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-la-Varenne" title="Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne">Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire">Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Avertin" title="Saint-Avertin">Saint-Avertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ay" title="Saint-Ay">Saint-Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire">Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Claude-de-Diray" title="Saint-Claude-de-Diray">Saint-Claude-de-Diray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire">Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-de-l%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel">Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-en-Val" title="Saint-Denis-en-Val">Saint-Denis-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Denis-sur-Loire">Saint-Denis-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dy%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Dyé-sur-Loire">Saint-Dyé-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire" title="Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire">Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Chigny" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny">Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Genouph" title="Saint-Genouph">Saint-Genouph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne" title="Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne">Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt">Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin" title="Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin">Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Braye" title="Saint-Jean-de-Braye">Saint-Jean-de-Braye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle" title="Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle">Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-le-Blanc,_Loiret" title="Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Loiret">Saint-Jean-le-Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-Nouan" title="Saint-Laurent-Nouan">Saint-Laurent-Nouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Abbat" title="Saint-Martin-d'Abbat">Saint-Martin-d'Abbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Michel-sur-Loire">Saint-Michel-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Patrice" title="Saint-Patrice">Saint-Patrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A8re-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Père-sur-Loire">Saint-Père-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-des-Corps" title="Saint-Pierre-des-Corps">Saint-Pierre-des-Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pryv%C3%A9-Saint-Mesmin" title="Saint-Pryvé-Saint-Mesmin">Saint-Pryvé-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandillon" title="Sandillon">Sandillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saumur" title="Saumur">Saumur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savenni%C3%A8res" title="Savennières">Savennières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savigny-en-V%C3%A9ron" title="Savigny-en-Véron">Savigny-en-Véron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonni%C3%A8res" title="Savonnières">Savonnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuilly" title="Seuilly">Seuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigloy" title="Sigloy">Sigloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souzay-Champigny" title="Souzay-Champigny">Souzay-Champigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8vres" title="Suèvres">Suèvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sully-sur-Loire" title="Sully-sur-Loire">Sully-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavers" title="Tavers">Tavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thizay,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Thizay, Indre-et-Loire">Thizay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9laz%C3%A9" title="Trélazé">Trélazé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquant" title="Turquant">Turquant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A8res" title="Vallères">Vallères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varennes-sur-Loire" title="Varennes-sur-Loire">Varennes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9retz" title="Véretz">Véretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernou-sur-Brenne" title="Vernou-sur-Brenne">Vernou-sur-Brenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veuves" title="Veuves">Veuves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villandry" title="Villandry">Villandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villebernier" title="Villebernier">Villebernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineuil,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Vineuil, Loir-et-Cher">Vineuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouvray" title="Vouvray">Vouvray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Indre-et-Loire_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indre-et-Loire_communes" title="Template:Indre-et-Loire communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indre-et-Loire_communes" title="Template talk:Indre-et-Loire communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilly" title="Abilly">Abilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambillou" title="Ambillou">Ambillou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amboise" title="Amboise">Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anch%C3%A9,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Anché, Indre-et-Loire">Anché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antogny-le-Tillac" title="Antogny-le-Tillac">Antogny-le-Tillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artannes-sur-Indre" title="Artannes-sur-Indre">Artannes-sur-Indre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assay,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Assay, Indre-et-Loire">Assay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ath%C3%A9e-sur-Cher" title="Athée-sur-Cher">Athée-sur-Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autr%C3%A8che" title="Autrèche">Autrèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auzouer-en-Touraine" title="Auzouer-en-Touraine">Auzouer-en-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoine,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Avoine, Indre-et-Loire">Avoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avon-les-Roches" title="Avon-les-Roches">Avon-les-Roches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrill%C3%A9-les-Ponceaux" title="Avrillé-les-Ponceaux">Avrillé-les-Ponceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azay-le-Rideau" title="Azay-le-Rideau">Azay-le-Rideau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azay-sur-Cher" title="Azay-sur-Cher">Azay-sur-Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azay-sur-Indre" title="Azay-sur-Indre">Azay-sur-Indre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballan-Mir%C3%A9" title="Ballan-Miré">Ballan-Miré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrou" title="Barrou">Barrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-l%C3%A8s-Loches" title="Beaulieu-lès-Loches">Beaulieu-lès-Loches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-V%C3%A9ron" title="Beaumont-en-Véron">Beaumont-en-Véron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-Louestault" title="Beaumont-Louestault">Beaumont-Louestault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-Village" title="Beaumont-Village">Beaumont-Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benais" title="Benais">Benais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthenay" title="Berthenay">Berthenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betz-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Betz-le-Château">Betz-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Bléré">Bléré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossay-sur-Claise" title="Bossay-sur-Claise">Bossay-sur-Claise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boss%C3%A9e" title="Bossée">Bossée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Boulay" title="Le Boulay">Le Boulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgueil" title="Bourgueil">Bourgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournan" title="Bournan">Bournan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussay,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Boussay, Indre-et-Loire">Boussay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braslou" title="Braslou">Braslou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braye-sous-Faye" title="Braye-sous-Faye">Braye-sous-Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braye-sur-Maulne" title="Braye-sur-Maulne">Braye-sur-Maulne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A8ches" title="Brèches">Brèches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9h%C3%A9mont" title="Bréhémont">Bréhémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridor%C3%A9" title="Bridoré">Bridoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizay" title="Brizay">Brizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bueil-en-Touraine" title="Bueil-en-Touraine">Bueil-en-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candes-Saint-Martin" title="Candes-Saint-Martin">Candes-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangey" title="Cangey">Cangey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Celle-Guenand" title="La Celle-Guenand">La Celle-Guenand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Celle-Saint-Avant" title="La Celle-Saint-Avant">La Celle-Saint-Avant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9r%C3%A9-la-Ronde" title="Céré-la-Ronde">Céré-la-Ronde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerelles" title="Cerelles">Cerelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambon,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Chambon, Indre-et-Loire">Chambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambourg-sur-Indre" title="Chambourg-sur-Indre">Chambourg-sur-Indre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambray-l%C3%A8s-Tours" title="Chambray-lès-Tours">Chambray-lès-Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champigny-sur-Veude" title="Champigny-sur-Veude">Champigny-sur-Veude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A7ay" title="Chançay">Chançay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanceaux-pr%C3%A8s-Loches" title="Chanceaux-près-Loches">Chanceaux-près-Loches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanceaux-sur-Choisille" title="Chanceaux-sur-Choisille">Chanceaux-sur-Choisille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channay-sur-Lathan" title="Channay-sur-Lathan">Channay-sur-Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-aux-Naux" title="La Chapelle-aux-Naux">La Chapelle-aux-Naux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Blanche-Saint-Martin" title="La Chapelle-Blanche-Saint-Martin">La Chapelle-Blanche-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-sur-Loire" title="La Chapelle-sur-Loire">La Chapelle-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charentilly" title="Charentilly">Charentilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9" title="Chargé">Chargé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charnizay" title="Charnizay">Charnizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-la-Valli%C3%A8re" title="Château-la-Vallière">Château-la-Vallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Renault" title="Château-Renault">Château-Renault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumussay" title="Chaumussay">Chaumussay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaveignes" title="Chaveignes">Chaveignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9digny" title="Chédigny">Chédigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheill%C3%A9" title="Cheillé">Cheillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemill%C3%A9-sur-D%C3%AAme" title="Chemillé-sur-Dême">Chemillé-sur-Dême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemill%C3%A9-sur-Indrois" title="Chemillé-sur-Indrois">Chemillé-sur-Indrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenonceaux" title="Chenonceaux">Chenonceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chezelles,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Chezelles, Indre-et-Loire">Chezelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon" title="Chinon">Chinon</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisseaux" title="Chisseaux">Chisseaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouz%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Chouzé-sur-Loire">Chouzé-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigogn%C3%A9" title="Cigogné">Cigogné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinais" title="Cinais">Cinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinq-Mars-la-Pile" title="Cinq-Mars-la-Pile">Cinq-Mars-la-Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciran" title="Ciran">Ciran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civray-de-Touraine" title="Civray-de-Touraine">Civray-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civray-sur-Esves" title="Civray-sur-Esves">Civray-sur-Esves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9r%C3%A9-les-Pins" title="Cléré-les-Pins">Cléré-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continvoir" title="Continvoir">Continvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormery" title="Cormery">Cormery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coteaux-sur-Loire" title="Coteaux-sur-Loire">Coteaux-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couesmes" title="Couesmes">Couesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cour%C3%A7ay" title="Courçay">Courçay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles-de-Touraine" title="Courcelles-de-Touraine">Courcelles-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcou%C3%A9" title="Courcoué">Courcoué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couziers" title="Couziers">Couziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cravant-les-C%C3%B4teaux" title="Cravant-les-Côteaux">Cravant-les-Côteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crissay-sur-Manse" title="Crissay-sur-Manse">Crissay-sur-Manse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Croix-en-Touraine" title="La Croix-en-Touraine">La Croix-en-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotelles" title="Crotelles">Crotelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouzilles" title="Crouzilles">Crouzilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cussay" title="Cussay">Cussay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame-Marie-les-Bois" title="Dame-Marie-les-Bois">Dame-Marie-les-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descartes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Descartes, Indre-et-Loire">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dierre" title="Dierre">Dierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolus-le-Sec" title="Dolus-le-Sec">Dolus-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drach%C3%A9" title="Draché">Draché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druye" title="Druye">Druye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89peign%C3%A9-les-Bois" title="Épeigné-les-Bois">Épeigné-les-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89peign%C3%A9-sur-D%C3%AAme" title="Épeigné-sur-Dême">Épeigné-sur-Dême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esves-le-Moutier" title="Esves-le-Moutier">Esves-le-Moutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esvres" title="Esvres">Esvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye-la-Vineuse" title="Faye-la-Vineuse">Faye-la-Vineuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ferri%C3%A8re,_Indre-et-Loire" title="La Ferrière, Indre-et-Loire">La Ferrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8re-Lar%C3%A7on" title="Ferrière-Larçon">Ferrière-Larçon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8re-sur-Beaulieu" title="Ferrière-sur-Beaulieu">Ferrière-sur-Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondettes" title="Fondettes">Fondettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francueil" title="Francueil">Francueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genill%C3%A9" title="Genillé">Genillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gizeux" title="Gizeux">Gizeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Grand-Pressigny" title="Le Grand-Pressigny">Le Grand-Pressigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Guerche" title="La Guerche">La Guerche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Hermites" title="Les Hermites">Les Hermites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hommes" title="Hommes">Hommes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huismes" title="Huismes">Huismes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Bouchard" title="L'Île-Bouchard">L'Île-Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaulnay" title="Jaulnay">Jaulnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jou%C3%A9-l%C3%A8s-Tours" title="Joué-lès-Tours">Joué-lès-Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeais" title="Langeais">Langeais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lar%C3%A7ay" title="Larçay">Larçay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9mer%C3%A9" title="Lémeré">Lémeré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lern%C3%A9" title="Lerné">Lerné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Le Liège">Le Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligni%C3%A8res-de-Touraine" title="Lignières-de-Touraine">Lignières-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligr%C3%A9" title="Ligré">Ligré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligueil" title="Ligueil">Ligueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeray" title="Limeray">Limeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loches" title="Loches">Loches</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch%C3%A9-sur-Indrois" title="Loché-sur-Indrois">Loché-sur-Indrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louans" title="Louans">Louans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Louroux" title="Le Louroux">Le Louroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubl%C3%A9" title="Lublé">Lublé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lussault-sur-Loire" title="Lussault-sur-Loire">Lussault-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luynes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Luynes, Indre-et-Loire">Luynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luz%C3%A9" title="Luzé">Luzé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzill%C3%A9" title="Luzillé">Luzillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maill%C3%A9,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Maillé, Indre-et-Loire">Maillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthelan" title="Manthelan">Manthelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A7ay,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Marçay, Indre-et-Loire">Marçay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc%C3%A9-sur-Esves" title="Marcé-sur-Esves">Marcé-sur-Esves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcilly-sur-Maulne" title="Marcilly-sur-Maulne">Marcilly-sur-Maulne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcilly-sur-Vienne" title="Marcilly-sur-Vienne">Marcilly-sur-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marigny-Marmande" title="Marigny-Marmande">Marigny-Marmande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marray,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Marray, Indre-et-Loire">Marray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazi%C3%A8res-de-Touraine" title="Mazières-de-Touraine">Mazières-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Membrolle-sur-Choisille" title="La Membrolle-sur-Choisille">La Membrolle-sur-Choisille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettray" title="Mettray">Mettray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monnaie" title="Monnaie">Monnaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbazon" title="Montbazon">Montbazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthodon" title="Monthodon">Monthodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlouis-sur-Loire" title="Montlouis-sur-Loire">Montlouis-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9sor" title="Montrésor">Montrésor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil-en-Touraine" title="Montreuil-en-Touraine">Montreuil-en-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monts,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Monts, Indre-et-Loire">Monts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morand,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Morand, Indre-et-Loire">Morand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosnes" title="Mosnes">Mosnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouzay,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Mouzay, Indre-et-Loire">Mouzay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazelles-N%C3%A9gron" title="Nazelles-Négron">Nazelles-Négron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuil" title="Neuil">Neuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuill%C3%A9-le-Lierre" title="Neuillé-le-Lierre">Neuillé-le-Lierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuill%C3%A9-Pont-Pierre" title="Neuillé-Pont-Pierre">Neuillé-Pont-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-le-Brignon" title="Neuilly-le-Brignon">Neuilly-le-Brignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-sur-Brenne" title="Neuville-sur-Brenne">Neuville-sur-Brenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvy-le-Roi" title="Neuvy-le-Roi">Neuvy-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noizay" title="Noizay">Noizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-d%27O%C3%A9" title="Notre-Dame-d'Oé">Notre-Dame-d'Oé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouans-les-Fontaines" title="Nouans-les-Fontaines">Nouans-les-Fontaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nou%C3%A2tre" title="Nouâtre">Nouâtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouzilly" title="Nouzilly">Nouzilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyant-de-Touraine" title="Noyant-de-Touraine">Noyant-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbigny,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Orbigny, Indre-et-Loire">Orbigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzoult" title="Panzoult">Panzoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A7ay-Meslay" title="Parçay-Meslay">Parçay-Meslay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A7ay-sur-Vienne" title="Parçay-sur-Vienne">Parçay-sur-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulmy" title="Paulmy">Paulmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernay" title="Pernay">Pernay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrusson" title="Perrusson">Perrusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit-Pressigny" title="Le Petit-Pressigny">Le Petit-Pressigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poc%C3%A9-sur-Cisse" title="Pocé-sur-Cisse">Pocé-sur-Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-de-Ruan" title="Pont-de-Ruan">Pont-de-Ruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports-sur-Vienne" title="Ports-sur-Vienne">Ports-sur-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouzay" title="Pouzay">Pouzay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preuilly-sur-Claise" title="Preuilly-sur-Claise">Preuilly-sur-Claise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussigny" title="Pussigny">Pussigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razines" title="Razines">Razines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reignac-sur-Indre" title="Reignac-sur-Indre">Reignac-sur-Indre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restign%C3%A9" title="Restigné">Restigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reugny,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Reugny, Indre-et-Loire">Reugny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Riche" title="La Riche">La Riche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richelieu,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Richelieu, Indre-et-Loire">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigny-Uss%C3%A9" title="Rigny-Ussé">Rigny-Ussé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rill%C3%A9" title="Rillé">Rillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilly-sur-Vienne" title="Rilly-sur-Vienne">Rilly-sur-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivarennes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Rivarennes, Indre-et-Loire">Rivarennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Rivière, Indre-et-Loire">Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Clermault" title="La Roche-Clermault">La Roche-Clermault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochecorbon" title="Rochecorbon">Rochecorbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouziers-de-Touraine" title="Rouziers-de-Touraine">Rouziers-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sach%C3%A9,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Saché, Indre-et-Loire">Saché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher" title="Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher">Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-le-D%C3%A9peint" title="Saint-Aubin-le-Dépeint">Saint-Aubin-le-Dépeint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Avertin" title="Saint-Avertin">Saint-Avertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Saint-Benoît-la-Forêt">Saint-Benoît-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Branchs" title="Saint-Branchs">Saint-Branchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Christophe-sur-le-Nais" title="Saint-Christophe-sur-le-Nais">Saint-Christophe-sur-le-Nais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire">Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois" title="Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois">Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine" title="Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine">Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89pain" title="Saint-Épain">Saint-Épain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Chigny" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny">Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Flovier" title="Saint-Flovier">Saint-Flovier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Genouph" title="Saint-Genouph">Saint-Genouph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne" title="Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne">Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hippolyte,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Saint-Hippolyte, Indre-et-Loire">Saint-Hippolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Saint-Germain" title="Saint-Jean-Saint-Germain">Saint-Jean-Saint-Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-Lin" title="Saint-Laurent-de-Lin">Saint-Laurent-de-Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-en-G%C3%A2tines" title="Saint-Laurent-en-Gâtines">Saint-Laurent-en-Gâtines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Beau" title="Saint-Martin-le-Beau">Saint-Martin-le-Beau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil" title="Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil">Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-des-Motets" title="Saint-Nicolas-des-Motets">Saint-Nicolas-des-Motets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-les-Vignes" title="Saint-Ouen-les-Vignes">Saint-Ouen-les-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paterne-Racan" title="Saint-Paterne-Racan">Saint-Paterne-Racan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-des-Corps" title="Saint-Pierre-des-Corps">Saint-Pierre-des-Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-sur-Indrois" title="Saint-Quentin-sur-Indrois">Saint-Quentin-sur-Indrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A8gle" title="Saint-Règle">Saint-Règle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Saint-Roch, Indre-et-Loire">Saint-Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Senoch" title="Saint-Senoch">Saint-Senoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunay" title="Saunay">Saunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savign%C3%A9-sur-Lathan" title="Savigné-sur-Lathan">Savigné-sur-Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savigny-en-V%C3%A9ron" title="Savigny-en-Véron">Savigny-en-Véron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonni%C3%A8res" title="Savonnières">Savonnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazilly" title="Sazilly">Sazilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semblan%C3%A7ay" title="Semblançay">Semblançay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennevi%C3%A8res" title="Sennevières">Sennevières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepmes" title="Sepmes">Sepmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuilly" title="Seuilly">Seuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonzay" title="Sonzay">Sonzay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorigny" title="Sorigny">Sorigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvign%C3%A9,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Souvigné, Indre-et-Loire">Souvigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvigny-de-Touraine" title="Souvigny-de-Touraine">Souvigny-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublaines" title="Sublaines">Sublaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauxigny-Saint-Bauld" title="Tauxigny-Saint-Bauld">Tauxigny-Saint-Bauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavant" title="Tavant">Tavant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theneuil" title="Theneuil">Theneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thilouze" title="Thilouze">Thilouze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thizay,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Thizay, Indre-et-Loire">Thizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournon-Saint-Pierre" title="Tournon-Saint-Pierre">Tournon-Saint-Pierre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tours</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tour-Saint-Gelin" title="La Tour-Saint-Gelin">La Tour-Saint-Gelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogues" title="Trogues">Trogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truyes" title="Truyes">Truyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A8res" title="Vallères">Vallères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varennes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Varennes, Indre-et-Loire">Varennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veign%C3%A9" title="Veigné">Veigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9retz" title="Véretz">Véretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneuil-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Verneuil-le-Château">Verneuil-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneuil-sur-Indre" title="Verneuil-sur-Indre">Verneuil-sur-Indre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernou-sur-Brenne" title="Vernou-sur-Brenne">Vernou-sur-Brenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villaines-les-Rochers" title="Villaines-les-Rochers">Villaines-les-Rochers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villandry" title="Villandry">Villandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ville-aux-Dames" title="La Ville-aux-Dames">La Ville-aux-Dames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villebourg" title="Villebourg">Villebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villed%C3%B4main" title="Villedômain">Villedômain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villed%C3%B4mer" title="Villedômer">Villedômer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeloin-Coulang%C3%A9" title="Villeloin-Coulangé">Villeloin-Coulangé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeperdue" title="Villeperdue">Villeperdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers-au-Bouin" title="Villiers-au-Bouin">Villiers-au-Bouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vou" title="Vou">Vou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouvray" title="Vouvray">Vouvray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yzeures-sur-Creuse" title="Yzeures-sur-Creuse">Yzeures-sur-Creuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124287031">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127300305">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210081/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpJh4KxrxTYTjKB4TJJjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4060530-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tours (France)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80117452">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152578097">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152578097">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tours (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131103&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451234">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/58776">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557327305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058611825406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dea069af-67b5-422c-a19a-a6915b9fe592">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029526086">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045062">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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