CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Orléans - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c587d0a2-6efd-4261-aa7b-85f7a32406b1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Orléans","wgTitle":"Orléans","wgCurRevisionId":1273448754,"wgRevisionId":1273448754,"wgArticleId":75818,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","Pages using the Graph extension","Pages with disabled graphs","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from April 2020","Use dmy dates from April 2020","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles containing Latin-language text", "Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map","Pages with French IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles needing additional references from March 2012","All articles needing additional references","Commons link is on Wikidata","Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference","Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference","Loiret communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Orléans","Communes of Loiret","Prefectures in France","Carnutes","Gallia Lugdunensis","Orléanais","Cities in France"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Orléans","wgRelevantArticleId":75818,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":47.9025,"lon":1.909},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6548","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg/1200px-Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg/800px-Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg/640px-Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Orléans - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Orléans rootpage-Orléans skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Orl%C3%A9ans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Orl%C3%A9ans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Orl%C3%A9ans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Orl%C3%A9ans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Loire_and_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Loire_and_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Loire and navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Loire_and_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory_and_Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_and_Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory and Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_and_Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>High Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1453_to_1699" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1453_to_1699"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1453 to 1699</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1453_to_1699-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1700–1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1700–1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1700–1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1700–1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1900 to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Motto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_and_highway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_highway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Roads and highway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_highway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Historical landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orléans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أورليان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أورليان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A8ans" title="Orlèans – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Orlèans" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleans" title="Orleans – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Orleans" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlean" title="Orlean – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orlean" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اورلئان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورلئان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%81" title="অর্লেয়ঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্লেয়ঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Арлеан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арлеан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Арлеан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арлеан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlea%C3%B1s" title="Orleañs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Orleañs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleans" title="Orleans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orleans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Ορλεάνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορλεάνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleans" title="Orleans – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orleans" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اورلئان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اورلئان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orle%C3%A1ns" title="Orleáns – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orleáns" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌰𐌽𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌰𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A0%88%EC%95%99" title="오를레앙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오를레앙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Օռլեան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օռլեան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans,_Francia" title="Orléans, Francia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Orléans, Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="אורליאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורליאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ორლეანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორლეანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92leyan" title="Òleyan – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òleyan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurelianum" title="Aurelianum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aurelianum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orle%C4%81na" title="Orleāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Orleāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleanas" title="Orleanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orleanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82" title="ओर्लेयों – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओर्लेयों" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اورليان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اورليان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اورلئان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اورلئان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အော်လီယန်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အော်လီယန်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="オルレアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オルレアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ОгӀлеан – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ОгӀлеан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orliauns" title="Orliauns – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Orliauns" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleans" title="Orleans – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Orleans" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="اورلینز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اورلینز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlean" title="Orlean – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orlean" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orle%C3%A3es" title="Orleães – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Orleães" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ออร์เลอ็อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออร์เลอ็อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орлеан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орлеан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%BA" title="اوغلیوں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوغلیوں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orliens" title="Orliens – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Orliens" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%89%AF" title="奥尔良 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥尔良" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%89%AF" title="奧爾良 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧爾良" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Orléans" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%89%AF" title="奥尔良 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥尔良" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6548#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Orl%C3%A9ans" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Orl%C3%A9ans" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&oldid=1273448754" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Orl%C3%A9ans&id=1273448754&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrl%25C3%25A9ans"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrl%25C3%25A9ans"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6548" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orl%C3%A9ans&params=47.9025_N_1.909_E_type:city(116344)_region:FR-CVL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°54′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°54′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.9025°N 1.9090°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.9025; 1.9090</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the French commune of Orléans. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Orleans_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Orleans (disambiguation)">Orleans (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Centre-Val de Loire, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Orléans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg/268px-Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg/402px-Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg/536px-Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5317" data-file-height="3545" /></a></span></div><div>Rue Jeanne d'Arc and the <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_Cathedral" title="Orléans Cathedral">Sainte-Croix Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A.jpg/132px-Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A.jpg/198px-Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A.jpg/264px-Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7077" data-file-height="4723" /></a></span></div><div>Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Orleans_Pont_George_V_Cathedrale_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/France_Orleans_Pont_George_V_Cathedrale_01.JPG/132px-France_Orleans_Pont_George_V_Cathedrale_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/France_Orleans_Pont_George_V_Cathedrale_01.JPG/198px-France_Orleans_Pont_George_V_Cathedrale_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/France_Orleans_Pont_George_V_Cathedrale_01.JPG/264px-France_Orleans_Pont_George_V_Cathedrale_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/George_V_Bridge,_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="George V Bridge, Orléans">George V Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_place_Jeanne_D%27Arc,_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/La_place_Jeanne_D%27Arc%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/268px-La_place_Jeanne_D%27Arc%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/La_place_Jeanne_D%27Arc%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/402px-La_place_Jeanne_D%27Arc%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/La_place_Jeanne_D%27Arc%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/536px-La_place_Jeanne_D%27Arc%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div><div>Place du Martroi</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Orl%C3%A9ans,_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Orléans"><img alt="Flag of Orléans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France.svg/150px-Flag_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France.svg/200px-Flag_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="324" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Orléans"><img alt="Coat of arms of Orléans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hoc Vernant Lilia Corde</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)<br /><abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> "This heart makes lilies flourish"</span><span style="display:none" data-plural="0"></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Orléans</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_f9180069b5431c263611b20258d437cc738676ad"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Orl%C3%A9ans&revid=1273448754&groups=_f9180069b5431c263611b20258d437cc738676ad" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Orl%C3%A9ans&revid=1273448754&groups=_f9180069b5431c263611b20258d437cc738676ad 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orléans is located in France"><img alt="Orléans is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.262%;left:48.791%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Orléans"><img alt="Orléans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Orléans</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orléans is located in Centre-Val de Loire"><img alt="Orléans is located in Centre-Val de Loire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg/270px-Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg/405px-Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg/540px-Centre-Val_de_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.464%;left:59.695%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Orléans"><img alt="Orléans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Orléans</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Centre-Val de Loire</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orl%C3%A9ans&params=47.9025_N_1.909_E_type:city(116344)_region:FR-CVL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°54′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°54′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.9025°N 1.9090°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.9025; 1.9090</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Arrondissement of Orléans">Orléans</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-1" title="Canton of Orléans-1">Orléans-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-2" title="Canton of Orléans-2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-3" title="Canton of Orléans-3">3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-4" title="Canton of Orléans-4">4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_La_Fert%C3%A9-Saint-Aubin" title="Canton of La Ferté-Saint-Aubin">La Ferté-Saint-Aubin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Orléans Métropole">Orléans Métropole</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Grouard" title="Serge Grouard">Serge Grouard</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">27.48 km<sup>2</sup> (10.61 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">289.5 km<sup>2</sup> (111.8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,422 km<sup>2</sup> (1,321 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">116,344</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,200/km<sup>2</sup> (11,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<sup id="cite_ref-UU2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UU2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">285,926</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">990/km<sup>2</sup> (2,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<sup id="cite_ref-AAV2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">454,208</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">130/km<sup>2</sup> (340/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Orléanais</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-45234">45234</a> /45000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">90–124 m (295–407 ft) <br />(avg. 116 m or 381 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orleans.fr/">www<wbr />.orleans<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Orléans</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ̃/: nasal 'an' in 'vin blanc'">ɒ̃</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɔʁleɑ̃]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c9\/Fr-Orl%C3%A9ans.ogg\/Fr-Orl%C3%A9ans.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Orl\u00e9ans.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Fr-Orl%C3%A9ans.ogg/Fr-Orl%C3%A9ans.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Orl%C3%A9ans.ogg" title="File:Fr-Orléans.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a city in north-central France, about 120 kilometres (74 miles) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. It is the prefecture of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>. </p><p>Orléans is located on the river <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> nestled in the heart of the Loire Valley, classified as a <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">World Heritage Site</a>, where the river curves south towards the <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a>. In 2020, the city had 117,026 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orléans is the center of <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Orléans Métropole">Orléans Métropole</a> that has a population of 290,346.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The larger <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> has a population of 454,208, the 20th largest in France.<sup id="cite_ref-AAV2020_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city owes its development from <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">antiquity</a> to the commercial exchanges resulting from the river. An important river trade port, it was the headquarters of the community of merchants frequenting the Loire. It was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian period">Merovingian period</a> and played an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, particularly known for the role of <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">siege of Orléans</a>. Every first week of May since 1432, the city pays homage to the <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">"Maid of Orléans"</a> during the Johannic Holidays which has been listed in the inventory of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_elements_in_Northern_Europe" title="List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Northern Europe">intangible cultural heritage in France</a>. One of <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">Europe's oldest universities</a> was created in 1306 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a> and re-founded in 1966 as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="University of Orléans">University of Orléans</a>, hosting more than 20,000 students in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Île d'Orléans">Île d'Orléans</a> in Quebec, Canada, takes its name from Orléans, as do <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Orléans, Ontario">Orléans, Ontario</a>, Orleans, Massachusetts and the city of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, Louisiana. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ORLEANS_From_Flight_ORY-MAD_737_EC-LQX_(7951291066).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/ORLEANS_From_Flight_ORY-MAD_737_EC-LQX_%287951291066%29.jpg/270px-ORLEANS_From_Flight_ORY-MAD_737_EC-LQX_%287951291066%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/ORLEANS_From_Flight_ORY-MAD_737_EC-LQX_%287951291066%29.jpg/405px-ORLEANS_From_Flight_ORY-MAD_737_EC-LQX_%287951291066%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/ORLEANS_From_Flight_ORY-MAD_737_EC-LQX_%287951291066%29.jpg/540px-ORLEANS_From_Flight_ORY-MAD_737_EC-LQX_%287951291066%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4271" data-file-height="2847" /></a><figcaption>Orléans from above</figcaption></figure> <p>Orléans is located in the northern bend of the Loire, which crosses from east to west. Orléans belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">vallée de la Loire</a> sector between <a href="/wiki/Sully-sur-Loire" title="Sully-sur-Loire">Sully-sur-Loire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalonnes-sur-Loire" title="Chalonnes-sur-Loire">Chalonnes-sur-Loire</a>, which was in 2000 inscribed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. The capital of <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anais" title="Orléanais">Orléanais</a>, 120 kilometres southwest of Paris, is bordered to the north by the <a href="/wiki/Beauce,_France" title="Beauce, France">Beauce</a> region, more specifically the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Forest of Orléans">Orléans Forest</a> (French: <i>forêt d'Orléans</i>) and Orléans-la-Source neighbourhood, and the <a href="/wiki/Sologne" title="Sologne">Sologne</a> region to the south. </p><p>Five bridges in the city cross the Loire: Pont de l'Europe, Pont du Maréchal Joffre (also called Pont Neuf), <a href="/wiki/George_V_Bridge,_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="George V Bridge, Orléans">Pont George-V</a> (also called Pont Royal, carrying the commune <a href="/wiki/Trams" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams">tramway</a>), Pont René-Thinat and Pont de Vierzon (rail bridge). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orl%C3%A9ans_Pont_George_V_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Orl%C3%A9ans_Pont_George_V_01.jpg/270px-Orl%C3%A9ans_Pont_George_V_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Orl%C3%A9ans_Pont_George_V_01.jpg/405px-Orl%C3%A9ans_Pont_George_V_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Orl%C3%A9ans_Pont_George_V_01.jpg/540px-Orl%C3%A9ans_Pont_George_V_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_V_Bridge,_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="George V Bridge, Orléans">Pont George-V</a></figcaption></figure> <p>To the north of the Loire (<i>rive droite</i>) is to be found a small hill (102 m (335 ft) at the pont Georges-V, 110 m (360 ft) at the Place du Martroi) which gently rises to 125 m (410 ft) at la Croix Fleury, at the limits of <a href="/wiki/Fleury-les-Aubrais" title="Fleury-les-Aubrais">Fleury-les-Aubrais</a>. Conversely, the south (on the <i>rive gauche</i>) has a gentle <a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">depression</a> to about 95 m (312 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> (at Saint-Marceau) between the Loire and the Loiret, designated a "zone inondable" (flood-risk zone). </p><p>At the end of the 1960s, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans-la-Source&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orléans-la-Source (page does not exist)">Orléans-la-Source</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans-la-Source" class="extiw" title="fr:Orléans-la-Source">fr</a>]</span> neighbourhood was created, 12 kilometres (7 mi)to the south of the original commune and separated from it by the Val d'Orléans and the river <a href="/wiki/Loiret_(river)" title="Loiret (river)">Loiret</a> (whose source is in the <a href="/wiki/Parc_Floral_de_la_Source" title="Parc Floral de la Source">Parc Floral de la Source</a>). This quarter's altitude varies from about 100 to 110 m (330 to 360 ft). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orléans experiences an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Cfb</i>), similar to much of central France. July, the warmest month, has an average temperature of 19.4 °C (66.9 °F) and a high of 25.4 °C (77.7 °F), while January, the coldest month, has an average temperature of 3.9 °C (39.0 °F) and an average low temperature of 1.1 °C (34.0 °F), although February has a lower average low than January at 0.9 °C (33.6 °F). The record high temperature is 41.3 °C (106.3 °F) recorded in July, while the record low temperature of −19.8 °C (−3.6 °F) was recorded in January. </p><p>Precipitation is evenly distributed year-round, with Orléans receiving 642.5 millimetres (25.30 in) of precipitation annually. However, some months are slightly wetter than others, with the driest month receiving 44.4 millimetres (1.75 in) of rain and the wettest receiving 64.4 millimetres (2.54 in) of precipitation on average. Precipitation days vary more, with less of them in the summer months than in the other seasons. Humidity is high year-round but decreases slightly in summer. July and August only have their humidity at 72% but December has 90% humidity on average. Orléans receives 1,767.3 hours of sunshine annually, with summer being the sunniest season and winter being the least sunny season. August, receiving 224.6 hours of sunshine on average, is the sunniest month, and December, receiving 56.6 hours of sunshine on average, has the least amount of sunshine. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Orléans, elevation: 123 m (404 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1938–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.8<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.4<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.9<br />(8.8) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.3<br />(4.5) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.5<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.8<br />(−3.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.1<br />(1.89) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.9<br />(1.77) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.2<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.0<br />(2.01) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.2<br />(2.25) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.5<br />(1.99) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3<br />(2.02) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3<br />(2.33) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5<br />(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">635.5<br />(25.02) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">109.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #757575; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.1 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.9 </td> <td style="background: #C2C218; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.1 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.7 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.5 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.4 </td> <td style="background: #8B8B8B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.8 </td> <td style="background: #6F6F6F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.9 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,822.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Loire_and_navigation">The Loire and navigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Loire and navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Loire_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Loire_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/400px-La_Loire_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Loire_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/600px-La_Loire_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Loire_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/800px-La_Loire_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The Loire as it flows through Orléans</figcaption></figure> <p>In Orléans, the Loire is separated by a submerged <a href="/wiki/Dike_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dike (construction)">dike</a> known as the <i>dhuis</i> into the <i>Grande Loire</i> to the north, no longer navigable, and the <i>Petite Loire</i> to the south. This dike is just one part of a vast system of construction that previously allowed the Loire to remain navigable to this point. </p><p>The Loire was formerly an important navigation and trading route, and is at the heart of the city's foundation in the second century BC as a center of trade or <a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">emporium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, during the 17th century, the river enabled Orleans to become a major hub for refining sugar, which was imported from the Caribbean via <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, and whose commerce boosted other aspects of the local economy, such as sweets, chocolate manufacturing, and paper for wrapping.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th century, Orleans also acquired a reputation for producing vinegar, from local vineyards as well as wine traveling up the Loire.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the increase in size of ocean-going ships, large ships can now navigate the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> only up to about <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Inexplosible,_Orl%C3%A9ans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/L%27Inexplosible%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.JPG/220px-L%27Inexplosible%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/L%27Inexplosible%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.JPG/330px-L%27Inexplosible%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/L%27Inexplosible%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.JPG/440px-L%27Inexplosible%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i>L'Inexplosible n°22</i>, replica paddle steamer</figcaption></figure> <p>Boats on the river were traditionally flat-bottomed boats, with large but foldable masts so the sails could gather wind from above the river banks, but the masts could be lowered in order to allow the boats to pass under bridges. These vessels are known as "gabarre", "futreau"<i>,</i> and so on, and may be viewed by tourists near pont Royal. </p><p>The river's irregular flow strongly limits traffic on it, in particular at its ascent, though this can be overcome by boats being given a tow. </p><p>An <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inexplosible&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inexplosible (page does not exist)"><i>Inexplosible</i>-type</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/inexplosible" class="extiw" title="fr:inexplosible">fr</a>]</span> <a href="/wiki/Paddle_steamer" title="Paddle steamer">paddle steamer</a> owned by the mairie was put in place in August 2007, facing Place de la Loire and containing a bar. </p><p>Every two years, the Festival de Loire recalls the role played by the river in the commune's history. </p><p>On the river's north bank, near the town centre, is the <a href="/wiki/Canal_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal d'Orléans">Canal d'Orléans</a>, which connects to the <a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Loing" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal du Loing">Canal du Loing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Briare" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de Briare">Canal de Briare</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buges" title="Buges">Buges</a> near <a href="/wiki/Montargis" title="Montargis">Montargis</a>. The canal is no longer used along its whole length. Its route within Orléans runs parallel to the river, separated from it by a wall or <i>muret</i>, with a promenade along the top. Its last <a href="/wiki/Canal_pound" title="Canal pound">pound</a> was transformed into an outdoor swimming pool in the 1960s, then filled in. It was reopened in 2007 for the "fêtes de Loire." There are plans to revive use of the canal for recreation and install a pleasure-boat port there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Timeline of Orléans">Timeline of Orléans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_Roman_Empire">Prehistory and Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prehistory and Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>See also <a href="/wiki/Cenabum" title="Cenabum">Cenabum</a>, Aureliana Civitas.</i></dd></dl> <p><b>Cenabum</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gaul</a> stronghold, one of the principal towns of the tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Carnutes" title="Carnutes">Carnutes</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a> held their annual assembly. The Carnutes were massacred and the city was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> in 52 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 3rd century AD, <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> rebuilt the city and renamed it <b>civitas Aurelianorum</b> ("city of Aurelian") after himself.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name later evolved into Orléans.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 442 Flavius Aetius, the Roman commander in Gaul, requested <a href="/wiki/Goar" title="Goar">Goar</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> in the region to come to Orleans and control the rebellious natives and the Visigoths. Accompanying the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, the Alans crossed the Loire in 408. One of their groups, under <a href="/wiki/Goar" title="Goar">Goar</a>, joined the Roman forces of <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Aetius" title="Flavius Aetius">Flavius Aetius</a> to fight <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> when he invaded Gaul in 451, taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2lons" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Châlons">Battle of Châlons</a> under their king <a href="/wiki/Sangiban" title="Sangiban">Sangiban</a>. Goar established his capital in Orléans. His successors later took possession of the estates in the region between Orléans and Paris. Installed in Orléans and along the Loire, they were unruly (killing the town's senators when they felt they had been paid too slowly or too little) and resented by the local inhabitants. Many inhabitants around the present city have names bearing witness to the Alan presence – Allaines. Also many places in the region bear names of Alan origin.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Middle_Ages">Early Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> era, the city was capital of the Kingdom of Orléans following <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>'s division of the kingdom, then under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">Capetians</a> it became the capital of a <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Orléans">county</a> then <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">duchy</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">appanage</a> by the house of Valois-Orléans. The Valois-Orléans family later acceded to the throne of France via <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a>. In 1108, <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI of France</a> became one of the few French monarchs to be crowned outside of <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> when he was crowned in <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Orléans cathedral">Orléans cathedral</a> by <a href="/wiki/Daimbert,_Archbishop_of_Sens" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimbert, Archbishop of Sens">Daimbert, Archbishop of Sens</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Middle_Ages">High Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: High Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_1428_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19488.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/View_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_1428_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19488.jpg/220px-View_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_1428_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19488.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/View_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_1428_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19488.jpg/330px-View_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_1428_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19488.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/View_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_1428_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19488.jpg/440px-View_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_1428_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19488.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Orléans in September 1428, the time of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">siege of Orléans</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_18.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_18.JPG/250px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_18.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_18.JPG/375px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_18.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_18.JPG/500px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_18.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption>15th-century depiction of the French troops attacking an English fort at the siege of Orléans</figcaption></figure> <p>The city was always a strategic point on the Loire, for it was sited at the river's most northerly point, and thus its closest point to Paris. There were few bridges over the dangerous river <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>, but Orléans had one of them, and so became – with <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> and Paris – one of medieval France's three richest cities. </p><p>On the south bank the "<a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">châtelet</a> des Tourelles" protected access to the bridge. This was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">battle</a> on 8 May 1429 which allowed <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> to enter and lift the siege of the <a href="/wiki/Plantagenets" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantagenets">Plantagenets</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, with the help of the royal generals <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Dunois" title="Jean de Dunois">Dunois</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florent_d%27Illiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florent d'Illiers (page does not exist)">Florent d'Illiers</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_d%27Illiers" class="extiw" title="fr:Florent d'Illiers">fr</a>]</span>. The city's inhabitants have continued to remain faithful and grateful to her to this day, calling her "la pucelle d'Orléans" (the maid of Orléans), offering her a middle-class house in the city, and contributing to her ransom when she was taken prisoner. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orleans_Monument_Joan_of_Arc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Orleans_Monument_Joan_of_Arc.jpg/220px-Orleans_Monument_Joan_of_Arc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Orleans_Monument_Joan_of_Arc.jpg/330px-Orleans_Monument_Joan_of_Arc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Orleans_Monument_Joan_of_Arc.jpg/440px-Orleans_Monument_Joan_of_Arc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a>, Place du Martroi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1453_to_1699">1453 to 1699</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1453 to 1699"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1581-Aurelia_Franciae_civitas_ad_Ligeri_flu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/1581-Aurelia_Franciae_civitas_ad_Ligeri_flu.JPG/220px-1581-Aurelia_Franciae_civitas_ad_Ligeri_flu.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/1581-Aurelia_Franciae_civitas_ad_Ligeri_flu.JPG/330px-1581-Aurelia_Franciae_civitas_ad_Ligeri_flu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/1581-Aurelia_Franciae_civitas_ad_Ligeri_flu.JPG/440px-1581-Aurelia_Franciae_civitas_ad_Ligeri_flu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="2103" /></a><figcaption><i>Aurelia Franciae civitas ad Ligeri flu. sita</i> (1581)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_Groslot,_Orl%C3%A9ans,_France,_2012..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/H%C3%B4tel_Groslot%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France%2C_2012..JPG/220px-H%C3%B4tel_Groslot%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France%2C_2012..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/H%C3%B4tel_Groslot%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France%2C_2012..JPG/330px-H%C3%B4tel_Groslot%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France%2C_2012..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/H%C3%B4tel_Groslot%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France%2C_2012..JPG/440px-H%C3%B4tel_Groslot%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_France%2C_2012..JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption>The Renaissance Hôtel Groslot</figcaption></figure> <p>Once the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> was over, the city recovered its former prosperity. The bridge brought in tolls and taxes, as did the merchants passing through the city. King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a> also greatly contributed to its prosperity, revitalising agriculture in the surrounding area (particularly the exceptionally fertile land around <a href="/wiki/Beauce,_France" title="Beauce, France">Beauce</a>) and relaunching <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a> farming at <a href="/wiki/Pithiviers" title="Pithiviers">Pithiviers</a>. Later, during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, the city benefited from its becoming fashionable for rich <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telain" title="Châtelain">châtelains</a> to travel along the Loire valley (a fashion begun by the king himself, whose royal domains included the nearby châteaus at <a href="/wiki/Chambord,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Chambord, Loir-et-Cher">Chambord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amboise" title="Amboise">Amboise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau" title="Château de Chenonceau">Chenonceau</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="University of Orléans">University of Orléans</a> also contributed to the city's prestige. Specializing in law, it was highly regarded throughout Europe. <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> was received and accommodated there (and wrote part of his reforming theses during his stay), and in return <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a> (who had drawn on Calvin's work in his separation from Rome) offered to fund a scholarship at the university. Many other Protestants were sheltered by the city. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known by his pseudonym <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, also studied law at the University, but was expelled for attending a carnival contrary to university rules. </p><p>From 13 December 1560 to 31 January 1561, the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_(France)" title="Estates General (France)">French States-General</a> after the death of <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II of France</a>, the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_M%C3%A9dicis" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Médicis">Catherine de Médicis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a>. He died in the Hôtel Groslot in Orléans, with his queen <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary</a> at his side. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_Cathedral" title="Orléans Cathedral">cathedral</a> was rebuilt several times. The present structure had its first stone laid by <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a>, and work on it took a century. It thus is a mix of late Renaissance and early <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Louis XIV</a> styles, and one of the last cathedrals to be built in France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1700–1900"><span id="1700.E2.80.931900"></span>1700–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1700–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When France colonised America, the territory it conquered was immense, including the whole <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> (whose first European name was the River <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Colbert</a>), from its mouth to its source at the borders of Canada. Its capital was named <i><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">la Nouvelle-Orléans</a></i> in honour of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>'s regent, the <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">duke of Orléans</a>, and was settled with French inhabitants against the threat from British troops to the north-east. </p><p>The Dukes of Orléans hardly ever visited their city since, as brothers or cousins of the king, they took such a major role in court life that they could hardly ever leave. The duchy of Orléans was the largest of the French duchies, starting at <a href="/wiki/Arpajon" title="Arpajon">Arpajon</a>, continuing to <a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%B4me" title="Vendôme">Vendôme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vierzon" title="Vierzon">Vierzon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Montargis" title="Montargis">Montargis</a>. The duke's son bore the title <i>duke of Chartres</i>. Inheritances from great families and marriage alliances allowed them to accumulate huge wealth, and one of them, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a>, is sometimes said to have been the richest man in the world at the time. His son, King <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe of France">Louis-Philippe I</a>, inherited the Penthièvre and Condé family fortunes. </p><p>1852 saw the creation of the <i>Compagnies ferroviaires Paris-Orléans</i> and its famous <a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Orsay" title="Gare d'Orsay">gare d'Orsay</a> in Paris. In the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> of 1870, the city again became strategically important thanks to its geographical position, and was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussians</a> on 13 October that year. The <i><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_de_la_Loire" title="Armée de la Loire">armée de la Loire</a></i> was formed under the orders of <a href="/wiki/Louis_d%27Aurelle_de_Paladines" title="Louis d'Aurelle de Paladines">General d'Aurelle de Paladines</a> and based itself not far from Orléans at <a href="/wiki/Beauce,_France" title="Beauce, France">Beauce</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900_to_present">1900 to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1900 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_medics_in_Orleans,_France_1944-08-19.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_Army_medics_in_Orleans%2C_France_1944-08-19.JPEG/220px-US_Army_medics_in_Orleans%2C_France_1944-08-19.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_Army_medics_in_Orleans%2C_France_1944-08-19.JPEG/330px-US_Army_medics_in_Orleans%2C_France_1944-08-19.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_Army_medics_in_Orleans%2C_France_1944-08-19.JPEG/440px-US_Army_medics_in_Orleans%2C_France_1944-08-19.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2673" /></a><figcaption>US Army medics in Orléans, 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the German army made the <i>Orléans Fleury-les-Aubrais</i> railway station one of their central logistical rail hubs. The Pont Georges V was renamed "pont des Tourelles".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A transit camp for deportees was built at <a href="/wiki/Beaune-la-Rolande" title="Beaune-la-Rolande">Beaune-la-Rolande</a>. During the war, the American Air Force heavily bombed the city and the train station, causing much damage. The city was one of the first to be rebuilt after the war: the reconstruction plan and city improvement initiated by Jean Kérisel and Jean Royer was adopted as early as 1943, and work began as early as the start of 1945. This reconstruction in part identically reproduced what had been lost, such as Royale and its arcades, but also used innovative prefabrication techniques, such as îlot 4 under the direction of the architect <a href="/wiki/Pol_Abraham" title="Pol Abraham">Pol Abraham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The big city of former times is today an average-sized city of 250,000 inhabitants. It is still using its strategically central position less than an hour from the French capital to attract businesses interested in reducing transport costs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/100px-Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/150px-Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/200px-Arms_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Orléans</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Victor_Adolphe_Malte-Brun" title="Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun">Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun</a> in <i>La France Illustrée</i>, 1882, Orléans's arms are "<a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a>, three caillous in <i>cœurs de lys</i> <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a>, and on a chief <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a>, three fleurs de lys <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a>." Charle Grandmaison, in the <i>Dictionnaire Héraldique</i> of 1861, states that it is "Or, with three hearts in gules", without the chief of France. Faulty designs sometimes describe it as "gules, three fleurs de lys argent, and on a chief azure three fleurs de lys Or."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "cœurs de lys", or heart of a lily, is not a true lily, which would have 6 <a href="/wiki/Tepal" title="Tepal">tepals</a>, but a stylized or symbolic lily. Certain authors solve the problem by calling this symbol a "<a href="/wiki/Tiercefeuille" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiercefeuille">tiercefeuille</a>", defined as a stemless <a href="/wiki/Clover" title="Clover">clover</a> leaf, with one leaf at the top and two below, thus making this coat of arms "gules, with three reversed tiercefeuilles in argent, etc". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motto">Motto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Motto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Hoc vernant lilia corde" (granted by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">duke of Orléans</a>), meaning "It is by this heart that lilies flourish" or "This heart makes lilies flourish", referring to the <a href="/wiki/Fleur_de_lys" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleur de lys">fleur de lys</a>, symbol of the French royal family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,937</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,651</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,233</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">40,161</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,272</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,584</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,788</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">47,393</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.69%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">46,922</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,798</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,976</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,157</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">57,264</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,826</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,705</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.93%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,699</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.92%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">67,311</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">68,614</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">72,096</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.99%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">69,048</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">70,611</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">71,606</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">73,155</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">70,240</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,439</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">84,233</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.22%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">95,828</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">106,246</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">102,710</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">105,111</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.29%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">113,126</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2009 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">113,224</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2014 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">114,977</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">117,026</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.29%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2020)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Transport in Orléans">Transport in Orléans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TAO manages buses and <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_tramway" title="Orléans tramway">tram lines in Orléans</a>. The first tram line was inaugurated November 20, 2000 and the second line on June 30, 2012. The network contains 29.3 km of rail. The annual ridership was 18.46 million in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orl%C3%A9ans_rue_Royale_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Orl%C3%A9ans_rue_Royale_5.JPG/220px-Orl%C3%A9ans_rue_Royale_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Orl%C3%A9ans_rue_Royale_5.JPG/330px-Orl%C3%A9ans_rue_Royale_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Orl%C3%A9ans_rue_Royale_5.JPG/440px-Orl%C3%A9ans_rue_Royale_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3025" data-file-height="2269" /></a><figcaption>Orléans tram</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads_and_highway">Roads and highway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Roads and highway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orléans is an autoroute intersection: the <a href="/wiki/Autoroute_fran%C3%A7aise_A10" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoroute française A10">A10</a> (linking Paris to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>) links to the commune outskirts, and <a href="/wiki/Autoroute_fran%C3%A7aise_A71" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoroute française A71">A71</a> (whose bridge over the Loire is outside the commune limits) begins here, heading for the Mediterranean via <a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (where it becomes the <a href="/wiki/Autoroute_fran%C3%A7aise_A75" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoroute française A75">A75</a>). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A10_autoroute_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A10 autoroute (France)">A10 Highway</a> From Paris to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A71_autoroute" title="A71 autoroute">A71 Highway</a> From Orléans to <a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A19_autoroute" title="A19 autoroute">A19 Highway</a> From <a href="/wiki/Sens" title="Sens">Sens</a> to <a href="/wiki/Artenay" title="Artenay">Artenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_20" title="Route nationale 20">National Road 20</a> From Paris to Spain</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orléans is served by two main railway stations: the central <a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare d'Orléans">Gare d'Orléans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gare_des_Aubrais-Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare des Aubrais-Orléans">Gare des Aubrais-Orléans</a>, in the northern suburbs. Most long-distance trains call only at the Les Aubrais-Orléans station, which offers connections to Paris, Lille, Tours, Brive-la-Gaillarde, Nevers, and several regional destinations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_peguy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Charles_peguy.jpg/121px-Charles_peguy.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Charles_peguy.jpg/182px-Charles_peguy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Charles_peguy.jpg/243px-Charles_peguy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Charles Peguy</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FRA-ARG_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/FRA-ARG_%286%29.jpg/130px-FRA-ARG_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/FRA-ARG_%286%29.jpg/196px-FRA-ARG_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/FRA-ARG_%286%29.jpg/261px-FRA-ARG_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption>Florian Thauvin</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ridsa_Vesoul_2_septembre_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ridsa_Vesoul_2_septembre_2016.jpg/150px-Ridsa_Vesoul_2_septembre_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ridsa_Vesoul_2_septembre_2016.jpg/225px-Ridsa_Vesoul_2_septembre_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ridsa_Vesoul_2_septembre_2016.jpg/300px-Ridsa_Vesoul_2_septembre_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Ridsa</figcaption></figure> <p>Orléans is the birthplace of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Adriansen" title="Sophie Adriansen">Sophie Adriansen</a> (born 1982), French writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Barul" title="Patrick Barul">Patrick Barul</a> (born 1977), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joelly_Belleka" class="mw-redirect" title="Joelly Belleka">Joelly Belleka</a> (born 1995), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Blanchard" title="Raoul Blanchard">Raoul Blanchard</a> (1877–1965), geographer</li> <li>Maxence Boitez (<a href="/wiki/Ridsa" title="Ridsa">Ridsa</a>) (born 1990), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bornhauser" title="Patrick Bornhauser">Patrick Bornhauser</a> (born 1957), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Brug%C3%A8re" title="Raymond Brugère">Raymond Brugère</a> (1885-1966), diplomat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Marc_Bourgery" title="Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery">Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery</a> (1797–1849), anatomist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Cazot" title="Félix Cazot">Félix Cazot</a> (1790–1857), classical pianist and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Chanlot" title="Philippe Chanlot">Philippe Chanlot</a> (born 1967), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Cotillard" title="Marion Cotillard">Marion Cotillard</a> (born 1975), actress, not born in Orléans, but grew up there</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Delouche" title="Gilles Delouche">Gilles Delouche</a> (1948–2020), linguist</li> <li>Satchela Evrard Djedje (<a href="/wiki/Vegedream" title="Vegedream">Vegedream</a>) (born 1992), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Dolet" title="Étienne Dolet">Étienne Dolet</a> (1509–1546), scholar and printer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl-Fran%C3%A7ois_Durand" title="Joël-François Durand">Joël-François Durand</a> (born 1954), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Ferrary" title="Jean-Louis Ferrary">Jean-Louis Ferrary</a> (1948–2020), historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Fleury" title="Georges Fleury">Georges Fleury</a> (1878–1968), cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gombault" title="Albert Gombault">Albert Gombault</a> (1844–1904), neurologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Gomez" title="Guillaume Gomez">Guillaume Gomez</a> (born 1969), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Guillemeau" title="Jacques Guillemeau">Jacques Guillemeau</a> (1550–1613), physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Guyot" title="Albert Guyot">Albert Guyot</a> (1881–1947), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Hubert_(Arabist)" title="Étienne Hubert (Arabist)">Étienne Hubert</a> (1567–1614), Arabist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_d%27Illiers" title="Gaston d'Illiers">Gaston d'Illiers</a> (1876–1932), sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jogues" title="Isaac Jogues">Isaac Jogues</a> (1607–1646), <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Julien" title="Stanislas Julien">Stanislas Julien</a> (1797–1873), <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">orientalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Lanson" title="Gustave Lanson">Gustave Lanson</a> (1857–1934), historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Levesville" title="Pierre Levesville">Pierre Levesville</a> (1570–1632), Renaissance architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_Loquin" title="Anatole Loquin">Anatole Loquin</a> (1834–1903), writer and musicologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yven_Moyo" title="Yven Moyo">Yven Moyo</a> (born 1992), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Marie_Pasquet" title="Yves-Marie Pasquet">Yves-Marie Pasquet</a> (born 1947), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P%C3%A9guy" title="Charles Péguy">Charles Péguy</a> (1873–1914), poet and essayist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Petit" title="Antoine Petit">Antoine Petit</a> (1722–1794), physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamine_Sambe" title="Lamine Sambe">Lamine Sambe</a> (born 1989), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacine_Sene" title="Yacine Sene">Yacine Sene</a> (born 1982), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Thauvin" title="Florian Thauvin">Florian Thauvin</a> (born 1993), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Tinseau" title="Christophe Tinseau">Christophe Tinseau</a> (born 1969), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Zay" title="Jean Zay">Jean Zay</a> (1904–1944), jurist and politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_landmarks">Historical landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Historical landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.jpg/170px-H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.jpg/255px-H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.jpg/340px-H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Former City Hall and Joan of Arc statue</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renaissance_buildings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Renaissance_buildings.jpg/220px-Renaissance_buildings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Renaissance_buildings.jpg/330px-Renaissance_buildings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Renaissance_buildings.jpg/440px-Renaissance_buildings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>16th/17th buildings found rue de l'Escure, in front of the Hôtel Groslot</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maisons_%C3%A0_colombages_Orleans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Maisons_%C3%A0_colombages_Orleans.jpg/170px-Maisons_%C3%A0_colombages_Orleans.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Maisons_%C3%A0_colombages_Orleans.jpg/255px-Maisons_%C3%A0_colombages_Orleans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Maisons_%C3%A0_colombages_Orleans.jpg/340px-Maisons_%C3%A0_colombages_Orleans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1619" data-file-height="2150" /></a><figcaption>A half-timbered house in Orleans</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_hall_bell_and_clock_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/City_hall_bell_and_clock_tower.jpg/170px-City_hall_bell_and_clock_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/City_hall_bell_and_clock_tower.jpg/255px-City_hall_bell_and_clock_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/City_hall_bell_and_clock_tower.jpg/340px-City_hall_bell_and_clock_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>15th century city hall tower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_de_la_vieille_intendance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hotel_de_la_vieille_intendance.jpg/220px-Hotel_de_la_vieille_intendance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hotel_de_la_vieille_intendance.jpg/330px-Hotel_de_la_vieille_intendance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hotel_de_la_vieille_intendance.jpg/440px-Hotel_de_la_vieille_intendance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>View from the public park, rue d'Alsace-Lorraine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parc_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Parc_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.png/170px-Parc_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Parc_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.png/255px-Parc_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Parc_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.png/340px-Parc_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_Groslot.png 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>View of the Cathedral and the Hotel Groslot, from the Hotel public park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_Orl%C3%A9ans_(FR45)_-_2022-07-16_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28FR45%29_-_2022-07-16_-_2.jpg/220px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28FR45%29_-_2022-07-16_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28FR45%29_-_2022-07-16_-_2.jpg/330px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28FR45%29_-_2022-07-16_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28FR45%29_-_2022-07-16_-_2.jpg/440px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28FR45%29_-_2022-07-16_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The current <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Hôtel de Ville, Orléans">Hôtel de Ville</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_de_la_Motte_Sanguin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Chateau_de_la_Motte_Sanguin.jpg/220px-Chateau_de_la_Motte_Sanguin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Chateau_de_la_Motte_Sanguin.jpg/330px-Chateau_de_la_Motte_Sanguin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Chateau_de_la_Motte_Sanguin.jpg/440px-Chateau_de_la_Motte_Sanguin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>View from the public park of the palace</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Gallo-Roman town-wall on the north side of the cathedral (4th century AD) and along the rue de la Tour-Neuve</li> <li>The <i>Hôtel Groslot</i>, built between 1550 and 1555 for Jacques Groslot, "bailli d'Orléans" by Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau. King <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">François II of France</a> died there in 1560. Kings <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles IX de France">Charles IX</a>, Henri III of France and <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henri IV of France</a> stayed there. The "Hôtel" was restored in 1850. The building became the town Hall of Orléans in 1790 (weddings are still celebrated inside), before the council moved to the current <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Hôtel de Ville, Orléans">Hôtel de Ville</a> in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>hôtel de la Vieille Intendance</i> (early 15th century) (otherwise named hôtel Brachet, formerly "The King's house"), real gothic-renaissance style château made of bricks.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays housing the Administrative Court of Orléans. One can admire its frontage from the entrance in the rue de la Bretonnerie. Yet, the building – which sheltered the highest figures of the kingdom passing by the city, and maybe some kings themselves (Henri IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV of France) – can easily be observed from its gardens, opened to the public (entrance rue d'Alsace-Lorraine).</li> <li>The <i>hôtel de la Motte-Sanguin</i> (18th century) and its gardens, manor built at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a> (1747–1793), cousin of the King Louis XVI. He was surnamed "Philippe Égalité" / "equality" referring to his support to the 1789 revolutionaries. Nicknamed "<i>the richest man on earth</i>" he voted in favour of the death penalty against his own cousin the king <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>, and suffered the same fate himself. This is a classic style princely residence (and even royal, since Philippe Égalité's heir accessed the throne of France under the name of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis-Philippe Ier</a>). It is part of a public park opened to the public (via the Solférino street).</li> <li>The <i>school of artillery</i>, next to the <i>Hôtel de la Motte-Sanguin</i> which it is often confused with, formerly housing a military school, it was built in the 19th century near the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Remains of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="University of Orléans">University of Orléans</a></i> (a 15th-century building housing the thesis room), founded in 1306 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">pope Clement V</a>, in which, among many other great historical figures, the Protestant <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> studied and taught. The University was so famous that it attracted students from all over Europe, particularly Germany. The city of Orléans is one of the cradles of Protestantism.</li> <li>The <i>House of Louis XI</i> (end of the 15th century), on Saint-Aignan square. Built at the behest of the king, who particularly revered <a href="/wiki/Aignan_of_Orleans" title="Aignan of Orleans">Saint Aignan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>House of Joan of Arc</i>, where she stayed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">siege of Orléans</a> (this is actually an approximate reconstitution, the original building being bombed in 1940 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>).</li> <li><i>Place du Martroi</i>, heart of the city, with the equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> at its centre, made by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Foyatier" title="Denis Foyatier">Denis Foyatier</a>. This statue was damaged during the Second World War, then repaired by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Belmondo" title="Paul Belmondo">Paul Belmondo</a>, father of the famous 1950s to 1980s French actor.</li> <li>Duke of Orléans' <i>Chancellerie</i> (XVIIIe), located next to the <i>Place du Matroi</i>, also bombed during the Second World War, only the frontage resisted.</li> <li>The <i>Bannier gate-house</i>, discovered in 1986 under the statue of <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> (Place du Martroi). It was built in the 14th century. It can be seen through a window in the subterranean car-park under the square, or visited under certain conditions.</li> <li>The <i>rue de Bourgogne</i> and surrounding streets, Orléans' main street since the Antiquity, it's the former Roman decumanus, crossing the city from east to west. <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> entered the city in 1429 by the "Bourgogne" gatehouse situated at its Easter end. Until today it is still giving access to the "Prefecture", where the "Prefet" (officer who represents the French State in the Region) lives, many pubs, night clubs, restaurants and shops such as the "Galeries Lafayette". It is more than a mile long. One can admire many medieval houses on its sides.</li> <li>The <i>Tour Blanche / White Tower</i>, it is one of the only medieval defensive towers remaining in the city (still in use at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">siege of Orléans</a>). It nowadays houses the city's archaeological department.</li> <li><i>The Docks</i>, (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port of Orléans (page does not exist)">Port of Orléans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="extiw" title="fr:Port d'Orléans">fr</a>]</span>]) once the most important inland port of France (18th century). While boats could not sail on the river Seine because of the windings, they could sail to Orléans on the river Loire with the wind in their back. Then the merchandise was brought to Paris by roadways. Wine, and sugar from the colonies, were shipped to Orléans where they were stored and refined. Vinegar is still a city speciality due to the lapsing of wine stocks during the shipment. One can admire the old pavement of the docks (18th and 19th centuries) on the north bank of the river in the city and on the island in the middle, that was used to channel the water</li> <li>The <i>Hôpital Madeleine</i> (former hospital), built by <a href="/wiki/King_Louis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="King Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a> (18th century) and his successors (notably an important part of the 18th century).</li> <li><i>Saint-Charles</i> chapel, located within the grounds of the Madeleine Hospital, it was built in 1713 by Jacques V Gabriel, one of Louis XIV's architects.</li> <li>The <i>Hôtel Cabu</i>, otherwise named <i>house of Diane de Poitiers</i>, built at the behest of Philippe Cabu, barrister, in 1547, famous architect Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau providing the plans.</li> <li>The <i>Hôtel Hatte</i>, 16th century. Today's Charles-Péguy Center.</li> <li>The <i>Hôtel Toutin</i>, 16th century</li> <li>The <i>Hôtel Pommeret d'Orléans</i>, 16th century</li> <li>The <i>Hôtel Ducerceau</i>, 16th century</li> <li>The <i>maison de la coquille</i>, 16th century</li> <li>The <i>Hôtel des Créneaux</i>, former city hall, flanked by its bell tower (15th century). It nowadays houses the city's school of music. This is a magnificent piece of late gothic secular architecture (15th century) that calls to mind the famous and much more recent Parisian city hall.</li> <li>The <i>House of Jean Dalibert</i>, 16th century</li> <li>The <i>Study of Jacques Bouchet</i> (16th century), which can be admired from the public square "Jacques Bouchet"</li> <li>The mansions, rue d'Escure (17th and 18th centuries)</li> <li>The "Préfecture" : former Benedictine monastery, built in 1670 and housing the "Préfecture du Loiret" since 1800.</li> <li>The <i>Pont de l'Europe</i>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava_Valls" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago Calatrava Valls">Santiago Calatrava</a>, is an inclined bow-string ark bridge particularly original.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/George_V_Bridge,_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="George V Bridge, Orléans">Pont Royal</a> / George V Royal bridge</i>, the oldest bridge of the city. Built between 1751 and 1760, at the request of <a href="/wiki/Daniel-Charles_Trudaine" title="Daniel-Charles Trudaine">Daniel-Charles Trudaine</a>, administrator and civil engineer. It was renamed in honour of <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> out of respect of <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">Britain's role in the war</a>.</li> <li>The <i>Pont des Tourelles</i>, built in 1140 and demolished in 1760, was the first stone-made bridge of Orléans. When the river Loire is low, one can see remains of it in the water</li> <li>The <i>Palais épiscopal d'Orléans</i>, former Bishop's Palace. It was built between 1635 and 1641. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon</a> stayed there. It is nowadays housing the international centre for research, part of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="University of Orléans">University of Orléans</a>.</li> <li>The courthouse (18th to 20th centuries)</li> <li>The "<i>salle de l'Institut</i>", located on the "place Sainte Croix", is a small concert hall which can be converted into a ballroom. Its acoustics are remarkable.</li> <li><i>Mansions, rue de la Bretonnerie</i>. This street concentrates many particular mansions, of all styles and ages (15th to 20th centuries). High society members, politicians, barristers, doctors... continue to live there.</li> <li><i>Mansions, rue d'Alsace-Lorraine</i>, 19th-century bourgeoisie style houses.</li> <li>Statue <i>La Baigneuse</i> by Paul Belmondo, aside the rue Royale (1955).</li> <li>Statue of Calvin, by Daniel Leclercq, facing the Calvinist temple (2009).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>FRAC Centre</i> building named "Les turbulences", an advanced piece of architecture covered with L.E.Ds.</li> <li>Memorial Museum to the Children of Vel d'Hiv at the <i>Centre d'étude et de recherche sur les camps d'internement du Loiret</i> (Study and Research Centre on the Internment Camps in Loiret), commemorating over 4,000 Jewish children who were concentrated at the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_d%27Hiver_round-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélodrome d'Hiver round-up">Vélodrome d´Hiver</a> cycling arena in Paris in July 1942, after which they were interned at either <a href="/wiki/Pithiviers_internment_camp" title="Pithiviers internment camp">Pithiviers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Beaune-la-Rolande_internment_camp" title="Beaune-la-Rolande internment camp">Beaune-la-Rolande</a>, and eventually deported to the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz extermination camp">Auschwitz extermination camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Many historical houses and mansions (hundreds) can still be admired in the city centre, which is one of the largest in France due to the great importance of the city until the 20th century. The historical centre dating back to the 15th century extends far beyond the limits of the pedestrian sector that has been extensively restored in the past few years. In fact it corresponds to the portion of the modern city which is enclosed by the Boulevards. Many historical monuments remain in the non-pedestrian sectors of the city (for example, at rue Notre-Dame-de-Recouvrance, at rue des Carmes, at rue de la Bretonnerie, at Square Saint-Aignan).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Museums in Orléans:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans">Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Peguy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Peguy">Charles Peguy</a> Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a>'s House</li> <li>Fine Arts Museum</li> <li>City Historical and Archeological Museum</li> <li>Natural Science Museum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parks in Orléans:<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Floral_de_la_Source" title="Parc Floral de la Source">Parc Floral de la Source</a></li> <li>Motte Sanguin garden</li> <li>Charpenterie garden</li> <li>Botanic garden</li> <li>Anjorrant park</li> <li>Charbonnière park</li> <li>Moins Roux park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Pasteur</a> park</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>TV network: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orleanstv.fr/?id=910">Orléans TV</a></li> <li>Newspaper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larep.com/accueil.html">La République du Centre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626075754/http://www.larep.com/accueil.html">Archived</a> 26 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>(the Republic of the Centre)</i></li> <li>Radio station: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Campus_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Campus Orléans (page does not exist)">Radio Campus Orléans</a> 88.3 FM</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Annual week-long classical music festival Semaines musicales internationales d'Orléans, founded in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_Heads" title="Burning Heads">Burning Heads</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Special:EditPage/Orléans">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Orléans has a <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team: <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_Loiret_Basket" title="Orléans Loiret Basket">Orléans Loiret Basket</a> which is in the <a href="/wiki/Ligue_Nationale_de_Basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligue Nationale de Basketball">French first division</a>. The club won the "Coupe de France" of basketball, its first major trophy, in the season 2009 – 2010. </p><p>Orléans also has a <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club, the <a href="/wiki/US_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="US Orléans">US Orléans</a>, which plays in <a href="/wiki/Championnat_National" title="Championnat National">Championnat National</a>. </p><p>There is also a semi-professional rugby team, <a href="/wiki/RC_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="RC Orléans">RC Orléans</a>. </p><p>The city also has very well known clubs in <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>. </p><p>In 2012, Orléans hosted a stage finish of <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Nice" title="Paris–Nice">Paris–Nice</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Orléans is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kristiansand" title="Kristiansand">Kristiansand</a>, Norway</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Flour,_Cantal" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Flour, Cantal">Saint-Flour</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Utsunomiya" title="Utsunomiya">Utsunomiya</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lugoj" title="Lugoj">Lugoj</a>, Romania</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Parakou" title="Parakou">Parakou</a>, Benin</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="University of Orléans">University of Orléans</a>: the University campus is in the <i>La Source</i> area in southern part of the commune.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orl%C3%A9ans_ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Source_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Orl%C3%A9ans_ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Source_1.jpg/220px-Orl%C3%A9ans_ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Source_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Orl%C3%A9ans_ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Source_1.jpg/330px-Orl%C3%A9ans_ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Source_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Orl%C3%A9ans_ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Source_1.jpg/440px-Orl%C3%A9ans_ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Source_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The University campus. Château de la Source</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Polytech Orléans: Engineer school</li> <li>IUT: University Institutes of Technology</li> <li>IAE: Institut d'Administration des Entreprises</li> <li>IUP: Institut universitaire professionnalisé</li> <li>ESAD Orléans: School of Art and Design</li> <li>ESCEM: School of Business and Management</li> <li>SUPINFO: Higher education in Computer Science</li> <li>EXIA CESI: School of Industrial Engineering</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entr%C3%A9e_campo_santo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campo Santo."><img alt="Campo Santo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Entr%C3%A9e_campo_santo.jpg/320px-Entr%C3%A9e_campo_santo.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Entr%C3%A9e_campo_santo.jpg/480px-Entr%C3%A9e_campo_santo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Entr%C3%A9e_campo_santo.jpg/640px-Entr%C3%A9e_campo_santo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Campo Santo.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orleans2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Place Sainte-Croix."><img alt="Place Sainte-Croix." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orleans2.jpg/270px-Orleans2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orleans2.jpg/405px-Orleans2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orleans2.jpg/540px-Orleans2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Place Sainte-Croix.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4pital_Orl%C3%A9ans_Porte_Madeleine_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hospital Madeleine."><img alt="Hospital Madeleine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/H%C3%B4pital_Orl%C3%A9ans_Porte_Madeleine_01.jpg/240px-H%C3%B4pital_Orl%C3%A9ans_Porte_Madeleine_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/H%C3%B4pital_Orl%C3%A9ans_Porte_Madeleine_01.jpg/360px-H%C3%B4pital_Orl%C3%A9ans_Porte_Madeleine_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/H%C3%B4pital_Orl%C3%A9ans_Porte_Madeleine_01.jpg/480px-H%C3%B4pital_Orl%C3%A9ans_Porte_Madeleine_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Hospital Madeleine.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orl%C3%A9ans_Tour_Blanche_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The White Tower."><img alt="The White Tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Orl%C3%A9ans_Tour_Blanche_1.jpg/135px-Orl%C3%A9ans_Tour_Blanche_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Orl%C3%A9ans_Tour_Blanche_1.jpg/202px-Orl%C3%A9ans_Tour_Blanche_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Orl%C3%A9ans_Tour_Blanche_1.jpg/270px-Orl%C3%A9ans_Tour_Blanche_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The White Tower.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orl%C3%A9ans_place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old town."><img alt="Old town." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Orl%C3%A9ans_place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet_2.jpg/135px-Orl%C3%A9ans_place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Orl%C3%A9ans_place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet_2.jpg/202px-Orl%C3%A9ans_place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Orl%C3%A9ans_place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet_2.jpg/270px-Orl%C3%A9ans_place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Old town.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orl%C3%A9ans_%C3%A9glise_Saint-Paterne_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Paterne."><img alt="Saint-Paterne." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Orl%C3%A9ans_%C3%A9glise_Saint-Paterne_1.jpg/234px-Orl%C3%A9ans_%C3%A9glise_Saint-Paterne_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Orl%C3%A9ans_%C3%A9glise_Saint-Paterne_1.jpg/352px-Orl%C3%A9ans_%C3%A9glise_Saint-Paterne_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Orl%C3%A9ans_%C3%A9glise_Saint-Paterne_1.jpg/469px-Orl%C3%A9ans_%C3%A9glise_Saint-Paterne_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Saint-Paterne.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orl%C3%A9ans_-_cath%C3%A9drale,_ext%C3%A9rieur_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orléans Cathedral."><img alt="Orléans Cathedral." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Orl%C3%A9ans_-_cath%C3%A9drale%2C_ext%C3%A9rieur_%2818%29.jpg/135px-Orl%C3%A9ans_-_cath%C3%A9drale%2C_ext%C3%A9rieur_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Orl%C3%A9ans_-_cath%C3%A9drale%2C_ext%C3%A9rieur_%2818%29.jpg/202px-Orl%C3%A9ans_-_cath%C3%A9drale%2C_ext%C3%A9rieur_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Orl%C3%A9ans_-_cath%C3%A9drale%2C_ext%C3%A9rieur_%2818%29.jpg/270px-Orl%C3%A9ans_-_cath%C3%A9drale%2C_ext%C3%A9rieur_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Orléans Cathedral.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_of_Arc_statue,_Place_du_Martroi,_Orl%C3%A9ans1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Joan of Arc."><img alt="Statue of Joan of Arc." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Joan_of_Arc_statue%2C_Place_du_Martroi%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans1.JPG/240px-Joan_of_Arc_statue%2C_Place_du_Martroi%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans1.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Joan_of_Arc_statue%2C_Place_du_Martroi%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans1.JPG/360px-Joan_of_Arc_statue%2C_Place_du_Martroi%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Joan_of_Arc_statue%2C_Place_du_Martroi%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans1.JPG/480px-Joan_of_Arc_statue%2C_Place_du_Martroi%2C_Orl%C3%A9ans1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Statue of Joan of Arc.</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Orléans (disambiguation)">Council of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Orléans">Roman Catholic Diocese of Orléans</a> Bishopric of Orléans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Source,_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="La Source, Orléans">La Source, Orléans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popref2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8288323?geo=COM-45234">"Populations de référence 2022"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 19 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8288323%3Fgeo%3DCOM-45234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UU2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UU2020_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=UU2020-45701#ancre-POP_T1">"Évolution et structure de la population en 2020 − Unité urbaine 2020 d'Orléans (45701)"</a> (in French). INSEE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+et+structure+de+la+population+en+2020+%E2%88%92+Unit%C3%A9+urbaine+2020+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans+%2845701%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7633058%3Fgeo%3DUU2020-45701%23ancre-POP_T1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAV2020-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAV2020_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAV2020_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=AAV2020-025#ancre-POP_T1">"Évolution et structure de la population en 2020 − Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 d'Orléans (025)"</a> (in French). INSEE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+et+structure+de+la+population+en+2020+%E2%88%92+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans+%28025%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7633058%3Fgeo%3DAAV2020-025%23ancre-POP_T1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412150712/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/orleans">"Orleans"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182310/https://www.lexico.com/definition/orleans">"Orleans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Orleans">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orleans&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FOrleans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/orleans">"Orléans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Orl%C3%A9ans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Famp%2Fenglish%2Forleans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Orléans" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Orl%C3%A9ans">"Orléans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orl%C3%A9ans&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DOrl%25C3%25A9ans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Orl%C3%A9ans">"Orléans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Orl%C3%A9ans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FOrl%25C3%25A9ans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pophist_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pophist_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=COM-45234#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=EPCI-244500468#ancre-POP_T1">"Évolution et structure de la population en 2020 − Intercommunalité-Métropole de Orléans Métropole (244500468)"</a> (in French). INSEE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+et+structure+de+la+population+en+2020+%E2%88%92+Intercommunalit%C3%A9-M%C3%A9tropole+de+Orl%C3%A9ans+M%C3%A9tropole+%28244500468%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7633058%3Fgeo%3DEPCI-244500468%23ancre-POP_T1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larep.fr/orleans-45000/actualites/il-y-aurait-pres-de-20-000-etudiants-a-orleans-vrai-ou-faux_13927992/">"Vérification - Il y aurait près de 20.000 étudiants à Orléans : Vrai ou faux ?"</a>. 6 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V%C3%A9rification+-+Il+y+aurait+pr%C3%A8s+de+20.000+%C3%A9tudiants+%C3%A0+Orl%C3%A9ans+%3A+Vrai+ou+faux+%3F&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larep.fr%2Forleans-45000%2Factualites%2Fil-y-aurait-pres-de-20-000-etudiants-a-orleans-vrai-ou-faux_13927992%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143858/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/orleans/45055001/normales">"Climatological Information for Besançon, France"</a>. Meteo France. 14 February 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/orleans/45055001/normales">the original</a> on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatological+Information+for+Besan%C3%A7on%2C+France&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.com%2Fclimat%2Ffrance%2Forleans%2F45055001%2Fnormales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_45055001.pdf">"Orléans (45)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records</i> (in French). Meteo France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=Orl%C3%A9ans+%2845%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_45055001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07249-orleans-bricy.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: Orléans – altitude 123m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961%E2%80%931990%3A+Orl%C3%A9ans+%E2%80%93+altitude+123m&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07249-orleans-bricy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archeologie.orleans-metropole.fr/dossiers-thematiques/les-temoins-de-lhistoire/orleans-emporium-des-carnutes">"Orleans, emporium des Carnutes"</a>. <i>Archeologie Orleans Metropole</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archeologie+Orleans+Metropole&rft.atitle=Orleans%2C+emporium+des+Carnutes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farcheologie.orleans-metropole.fr%2Fdossiers-thematiques%2Fles-temoins-de-lhistoire%2Forleans-emporium-des-carnutes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.orleans-metropole.fr/r/85/les-raffineries-de-sucre/">"Les raffineries de sucre"</a>. <i>Archives Orleans Ville et Metropole</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+Orleans+Ville+et+Metropole&rft.atitle=Les+raffineries+de+sucre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.orleans-metropole.fr%2Fr%2F85%2Fles-raffineries-de-sucre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.orleans-metropole.fr/r/84/le-vinaigre-et-orleans/">"Le vinaigre et Orleans"</a>. <i>Archives Orleans Ville et Metropole</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+Orleans+Ville+et+Metropole&rft.atitle=Le+vinaigre+et+Orleans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.orleans-metropole.fr%2Fr%2F84%2Fle-vinaigre-et-orleans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0001:book=7:chapter=28">"C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War, Book 7, chapter 28"</a>. <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.perseus.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=C.+Julius+Caesar%2C+Gallic+War%2C+Book+7%2C+chapter+28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0001%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarousse" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Larousse, Éditions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/Orl%C3%A9ans/136330">"Orléans - LAROUSSE"</a>. <i>www.larousse.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.larousse.fr&rft.atitle=Orl%C3%A9ans+-+LAROUSSE&rft.aulast=Larousse&rft.aufirst=%C3%89ditions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larousse.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Fville%2FOrl%25C3%25A9ans%2F136330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For an exact etymology, see <i>Cenabum, Aurelianis, Orléans</i> de Jacques Debal (Coll. Galliae civitates, Lyon, PUL, 1996)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marres.education/alans.htm">marres.education</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520022911/https://www.marres.education/alans.htm">Archived</a> 20 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed January 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World-wide current events of 16 May 1941, available on the site of the <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice&id_notice=AFE85000506">direct link</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Abram, <i>L'architecture moderne en France, du chaos à la croissance</i>, tome 2, éd. Picard, 1999, pp. 28 et 37–38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Larousse_encyclop%C3%A9dique" title="Grand Larousse encyclopédique">Grand Larousse encyclopédique</a> in 10 volumes, 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ehess_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=25733">Commune data sheet Orléans</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balise.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/docs/Balise/0065/Balise-0065942/Rapport_annuel_TW_2022_V1.pdf">Rapport annuel 2022 Parc - trafic - événements d’exploitation Tramways</a>, Service Technique des Remontées Mécaniques et des Transports Guidés, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larep.fr/orleans-45000/actualites/lecole-marcel-proust-a-decouvert-la-vie-de-la-mairie_13568760/">"L'école Marcel-Proust a découvert la vie de la mairie"</a>. <i>la République</i>. 24 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=la+R%C3%A9publique&rft.atitle=L%27%C3%A9cole+Marcel-Proust+a+d%C3%A9couvert+la+vie+de+la+mairie&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larep.fr%2Forleans-45000%2Factualites%2Flecole-marcel-proust-a-decouvert-la-vie-de-la-mairie_13568760%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422154752/http://orleans.tribunal-administratif.fr/quelques-mots/">"Tribunal administratif d'Orléans : Histoire du tribunal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orleans.tribunal-administratif.fr/quelques-mots/">the original</a> on 22 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tribunal+administratif+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans+%3A+Histoire+du+tribunal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forleans.tribunal-administratif.fr%2Fquelques-mots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416082813/http://www.orleans.fr/pratique/urbanisme-habitat/projets-urbains/la-motte-sanguin.htm?cHash=">"La Motte Sanguin - Orleans.fr"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orleans.fr/pratique/urbanisme-habitat/projets-urbains/la-motte-sanguin.htm?cHash=">the original</a> on 16 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Motte+Sanguin+-+Orleans.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orleans.fr%2Fpratique%2Furbanisme-habitat%2Fprojets-urbains%2Fla-motte-sanguin.htm%3FcHash%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. DEBAL, Orléans : Une Ville, Une Histoire</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonnenouvelle.ch/20081112785/breves/les-francais-erigent-une-statue-de-calvin.html">Les Français érigent une statue de Calvin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706222552/http://www.bonnenouvelle.ch/20081112785/breves/les-francais-erigent-une-statue-de-calvin.html">Archived</a> 6 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, sur le site Bonnenouvelle.ch.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memorialmuseums.org/denkmaeler/view/428/CERCIL-%E2%80%93-Study-and-Research-Centre-on-the-Internment-Camps-in-Loiret">"CERCIL – Study and Research Centre on the Internment Camps in Loiret: Remembrance"</a>. <i>Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance</i>. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Information+Portal+to+European+Sites+of+Remembrance&rft.atitle=CERCIL+%E2%80%93+Study+and+Research+Centre+on+the+Internment+Camps+in+Loiret%3A+Remembrance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memorialmuseums.org%2Fdenkmaeler%2Fview%2F428%2FCERCIL-%25E2%2580%2593-Study-and-Research-Centre-on-the-Internment-Camps-in-Loiret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrice_Gabin2007" class="citation web cs1">Patrice Gabin (13 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013041602/http://www.tourisme-orleans.com/musees-orleans.php?id=27">"Orléans tourisme : musées à Orléans (Orléans tourism: Museums in Orléans)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourisme-orleans.com/musees-orleans.php?id=27">the original</a> on 13 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orl%C3%A9ans+tourisme+%3A+mus%C3%A9es+%C3%A0+Orl%C3%A9ans+%28Orl%C3%A9ans+tourism%3A+Museums+in+Orl%C3%A9ans%29&rft.date=2007-10-13&rft.au=Patrice+Gabin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourisme-orleans.com%2Fmusees-orleans.php%3Fid%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrice_Gabin2007" class="citation web cs1">Patrice Gabin (13 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134308/http://www.tourisme-orleans.com/parcs-jardins-orleans.php">"Park and Gardens in Orléans"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourisme-orleans.com/parcs-jardins-orleans.php">the original</a> on 13 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Park+and+Gardens+in+Orl%C3%A9ans&rft.date=2007-10-13&rft.au=Patrice+Gabin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourisme-orleans.com%2Fparcs-jardins-orleans.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/05019691X">"Festivals de musique – France"</a>, Identifiants et référentials, retrieved 6 May 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orleans-metropole.fr/115/les-villes-amies.htm">"Les villes amies"</a>. <i>orleans-metropole.fr</i> (in French). Orléans<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=orleans-metropole.fr&rft.atitle=Les+villes+amies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orleans-metropole.fr%2F115%2Fles-villes-amies.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChronicle_of_The_City's_Office_Bearers,_Chambers,_Regalia,_Castles_&_Twin_Cities" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_69.pdf"><i>A Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Dundee City Council<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chronicle+of+The+City%27s+Office+Bearers%2C+Chambers%2C+Regalia%2C+Castles+%26+Twin+Cities&rft.pub=Dundee+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dundeecity.gov.uk%2Fdundeecity%2Fuploaded_publications%2Fpublication_69.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orl%C3%A9ans#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Orléans">Bibliography of the history of Orléans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" class="extiw" title="commons:Orléans"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Orléans</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans#Q6548" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Orléans">Orléans</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orleans.fr/">Orléans commune official web site</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourisme-orleans.com/">Tourism Office</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-orleans.fr/">official web site of Orléans</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Diocese_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Orléans">Diocese of Orléans</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diocese+of+Orl%C3%A9ans&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Loire_Valley_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=UNESCO&#124;link=UNESCO197" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Loire_Valley_communes" title="Template:Loire Valley communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Loire_Valley_communes" title="Template talk:Loire Valley communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Loire_Valley_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Loire Valley communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_of_the_Loire_Valley_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=UNESCO&#124;link=UNESCO197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_the_Loire_valley" title="List of communes of the Loire valley">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> UNESCO World Heritage Site <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amboise" title="Amboise">Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avaray" title="Avaray">Avaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoine,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Avoine, Indre-et-Loire">Avoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azay-le-Rideau" title="Azay-le-Rideau">Azay-le-Rideau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballan-Mir%C3%A9" title="Ballan-Miré">Ballan-Miré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baule" title="Baule">Baule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaugency" title="Beaugency">Beaugency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-V%C3%A9ron" title="Beaumont-en-Véron">Beaumont-en-Véron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9huard" title="Béhuard">Béhuard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthenay" title="Berthenay">Berthenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaison-Saint-Sulpice" title="Blaison-Saint-Sulpice">Blaison-Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bou,_Loiret" title="Bou, Loiret">Bou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchemaine" title="Bouchemaine">Bouchemaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-sur-l%27Authion" title="Brain-sur-l'Authion">Brain-sur-l'Authion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9h%C3%A9mont" title="Bréhémont">Bréhémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candes-Saint-Martin" title="Candes-Saint-Martin">Candes-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cand%C3%A9-sur-Beuvron" title="Candé-sur-Beuvron">Candé-sur-Beuvron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangey" title="Cangey">Cangey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chailles" title="Chailles">Chailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaingy" title="Chaingy">Chaingy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalonnes-sur-Loire" title="Chalonnes-sur-Loire">Chalonnes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambord,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Chambord, Loir-et-Cher">Chambord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9" title="Chargé">Chargé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-sur-Loire" title="Châteauneuf-sur-Loire">Châteauneuf-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont-sur-Loire" title="Chaumont-sur-Loire">Chaumont-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9cy" title="Chécy">Chécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheill%C3%A9" title="Cheillé">Cheillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AAnehutte-Tr%C3%A8ves-Cunault" title="Chênehutte-Trèves-Cunault">Chênehutte-Trèves-Cunault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenonceaux" title="Chenonceaux">Chenonceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon" title="Chinon">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouz%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Chouzé-sur-Loire">Chouzé-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouzy-sur-Cisse" title="Chouzy-sur-Cisse">Chouzy-sur-Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinais" title="Cinais">Cinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinq-Mars-la-Pile" title="Cinq-Mars-la-Pile">Cinq-Mars-la-Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ry-Saint-Andr%C3%A9" title="Cléry-Saint-André">Cléry-Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combleux" title="Combleux">Combleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courbouzon,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Courbouzon, Loir-et-Cher">Courbouzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cour-sur-Loire" title="Cour-sur-Loire">Cour-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darvoy" title="Darvoy">Darvoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den%C3%A9e,_Maine-et-Loire" title="Denée, Maine-et-Loire">Denée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry,_Loiret" title="Dry, Loiret">Dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondettes" title="Fondettes">Fondettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontevraud-l%27Abbaye" title="Fontevraud-l'Abbaye">Fontevraud-l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennes,_Maine-et-Loire" title="Gennes, Maine-et-Loire">Gennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germigny-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Germigny-des-Prés">Germigny-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huismes" title="Huismes">Huismes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrandes-de-Touraine" title="Ingrandes-de-Touraine">Ingrandes-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jargeau" title="Jargeau">Jargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jou%C3%A9-l%C3%A8s-Tours" title="Joué-lès-Tours">Joué-lès-Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juign%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Juigné-sur-Loire">Juigné-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bohalle" title="La Bohalle">La Bohalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-sur-Loire" title="La Chapelle-sur-Loire">La Chapelle-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-aux-Naux" title="La Chapelle-aux-Naux">La Chapelle-aux-Naux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin" title="La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin">La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chauss%C3%A9e-Saint-Victor" title="La Chaussée-Saint-Victor">La Chaussée-Saint-Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Dagueni%C3%A8re" title="La Daguenière">La Daguenière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A9nitr%C3%A9" title="La Ménitré">La Ménitré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Possonni%C3%A8re" title="La Possonnière">La Possonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Riche" title="La Riche">La Riche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Clermault" title="La Roche-Clermault">La Roche-Clermault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ville-aux-Dames" title="La Ville-aux-Dames">La Ville-aux-Dames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailly-en-Val" title="Lailly-en-Val">Lailly-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeais" title="Langeais">Langeais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lar%C3%A7ay" title="Larçay">Larçay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Thoureil" title="Le Thoureil">Le Thoureil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lern%C3%A9" title="Lerné">Lerné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Ponts-de-C%C3%A9" title="Les Ponts-de-Cé">Les Ponts-de-Cé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Rosiers-sur-Loire" title="Les Rosiers-sur-Loire">Les Rosiers-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestiou" title="Lestiou">Lestiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligni%C3%A8res-de-Touraine" title="Lignières-de-Touraine">Lignières-de-Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeray" title="Limeray">Limeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lussault-sur-Loire" title="Lussault-sur-Loire">Lussault-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luynes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Luynes, Indre-et-Loire">Luynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi%C3%A9" title="Mardié">Mardié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mareau-aux-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Mareau-aux-Prés">Mareau-aux-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslives" title="Maslives">Maslives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menars" title="Menars">Menars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Mer, Loir-et-Cher">Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meung-sur-Loire" title="Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteaux" title="Monteaux">Monteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlivault" title="Montlivault">Montlivault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlouis-sur-Loire" title="Montlouis-sur-Loire">Montlouis-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montsoreau" title="Montsoreau">Montsoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosnes" title="Mosnes">Mosnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muides-sur-Loire" title="Muides-sur-Loire">Muides-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBrs-Erign%C3%A9" title="Mûrs-Erigné">Mûrs-Erigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazelles-N%C3%A9gron" title="Nazelles-Négron">Nazelles-Négron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvy-en-Sullias" title="Neuvy-en-Sullias">Neuvy-en-Sullias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noizay" title="Noizay">Noizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet,_Loiret" title="Olivet, Loiret">Olivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onzain" title="Onzain">Onzain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouvrouer-les-Champs" title="Ouvrouer-les-Champs">Ouvrouer-les-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnay,_Maine-et-Loire" title="Parnay, Maine-et-Loire">Parnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poc%C3%A9-sur-Cisse" title="Pocé-sur-Cisse">Pocé-sur-Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigny-Uss%C3%A9" title="Rigny-Ussé">Rigny-Ussé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilly-sur-Loire" title="Rilly-sur-Loire">Rilly-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivarennes,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Rivarennes, Indre-et-Loire">Rivarennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Rivière, Indre-et-Loire">Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochecorbon" title="Rochecorbon">Rochecorbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochefort-sur-Loire" title="Rochefort-sur-Loire">Rochefort-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cl%C3%A9ment-des-Lev%C3%A9es" title="Saint-Clément-des-Levées">Saint-Clément-des-Levées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Croix" title="Saint-Jean-de-la-Croix">Saint-Jean-de-la-Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-des-Mauvrets" title="Saint-Jean-des-Mauvrets">Saint-Jean-des-Mauvrets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-la-Place" title="Saint-Martin-de-la-Place">Saint-Martin-de-la-Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire">Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-la-Varenne" title="Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne">Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire">Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Avertin" title="Saint-Avertin">Saint-Avertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ay" title="Saint-Ay">Saint-Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire">Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Claude-de-Diray" title="Saint-Claude-de-Diray">Saint-Claude-de-Diray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire">Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-de-l%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel">Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-en-Val" title="Saint-Denis-en-Val">Saint-Denis-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Denis-sur-Loire">Saint-Denis-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dy%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Dyé-sur-Loire">Saint-Dyé-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire" title="Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire">Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Chigny" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny">Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Genouph" title="Saint-Genouph">Saint-Genouph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne" title="Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne">Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt">Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin" title="Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin">Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Braye" title="Saint-Jean-de-Braye">Saint-Jean-de-Braye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle" title="Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle">Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-le-Blanc,_Loiret" title="Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Loiret">Saint-Jean-le-Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-Nouan" title="Saint-Laurent-Nouan">Saint-Laurent-Nouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Abbat" title="Saint-Martin-d'Abbat">Saint-Martin-d'Abbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Michel-sur-Loire">Saint-Michel-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Patrice" title="Saint-Patrice">Saint-Patrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A8re-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Père-sur-Loire">Saint-Père-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-des-Corps" title="Saint-Pierre-des-Corps">Saint-Pierre-des-Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pryv%C3%A9-Saint-Mesmin" title="Saint-Pryvé-Saint-Mesmin">Saint-Pryvé-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandillon" title="Sandillon">Sandillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saumur" title="Saumur">Saumur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savenni%C3%A8res" title="Savennières">Savennières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savigny-en-V%C3%A9ron" title="Savigny-en-Véron">Savigny-en-Véron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonni%C3%A8res" title="Savonnières">Savonnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuilly" title="Seuilly">Seuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigloy" title="Sigloy">Sigloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souzay-Champigny" title="Souzay-Champigny">Souzay-Champigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8vres" title="Suèvres">Suèvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sully-sur-Loire" title="Sully-sur-Loire">Sully-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavers" title="Tavers">Tavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thizay,_Indre-et-Loire" title="Thizay, Indre-et-Loire">Thizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9laz%C3%A9" title="Trélazé">Trélazé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquant" title="Turquant">Turquant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A8res" title="Vallères">Vallères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varennes-sur-Loire" title="Varennes-sur-Loire">Varennes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9retz" title="Véretz">Véretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernou-sur-Brenne" title="Vernou-sur-Brenne">Vernou-sur-Brenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veuves" title="Veuves">Veuves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villandry" title="Villandry">Villandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villebernier" title="Villebernier">Villebernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineuil,_Loir-et-Cher" title="Vineuil, Loir-et-Cher">Vineuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouvray" title="Vouvray">Vouvray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_France_by_population139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments30"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Loiret&#124;link=Loiret_Communes_of_the_Loiret_department306" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Loiret_communes" title="Template:Loiret communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Loiret_communes" title="Template talk:Loiret communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Loiret_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Loiret communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Loiret&#124;link=Loiret_Communes_of_the_Loiret_department306" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret"><img alt="Loiret" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Loiret.svg/23px-Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Loiret.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Loiret.svg/35px-Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Loiret.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Loiret.svg/45px-Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Loiret.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Loiret_department" title="Communes of the Loiret department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adon,_Loiret" title="Adon, Loiret">Adon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aillant-sur-Milleron" title="Aillant-sur-Milleron">Aillant-sur-Milleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amilly,_Loiret" title="Amilly, Loiret">Amilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andonville" title="Andonville">Andonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardon,_Loiret" title="Ardon, Loiret">Ardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artenay" title="Artenay">Artenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asch%C3%A8res-le-March%C3%A9" title="Aschères-le-Marché">Aschères-le-Marché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascoux" title="Ascoux">Ascoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attray" title="Attray">Attray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audeville" title="Audeville">Audeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augerville-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Augerville-la-Rivière">Augerville-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnay-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Aulnay-la-Rivière">Aulnay-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autruy-sur-Juine" title="Autruy-sur-Juine">Autruy-sur-Juine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autry-le-Ch%C3%A2tel" title="Autry-le-Châtel">Autry-le-Châtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvilliers-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Auvilliers-en-Gâtinais">Auvilliers-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxy,_Loiret" title="Auxy, Loiret">Auxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccon" title="Baccon">Baccon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bardon" title="Le Bardon">Le Bardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barville-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Barville-en-Gâtinais">Barville-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batilly-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Batilly-en-Gâtinais">Batilly-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batilly-en-Puisaye" title="Batilly-en-Puisaye">Batilly-en-Puisaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baule" title="Baule">Baule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazoches-les-Gallerandes" title="Bazoches-les-Gallerandes">Bazoches-les-Gallerandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazoches-sur-le-Betz" title="Bazoches-sur-le-Betz">Bazoches-sur-le-Betz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauchamps-sur-Huillard" title="Beauchamps-sur-Huillard">Beauchamps-sur-Huillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaugency" title="Beaugency">Beaugency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Loire" title="Beaulieu-sur-Loire">Beaulieu-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaune-la-Rolande" title="Beaune-la-Rolande">Beaune-la-Rolande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellegarde,_Loiret" title="Bellegarde, Loiret">Bellegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bignon-Mirabeau" title="Le Bignon-Mirabeau">Le Bignon-Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%ABsses" title="Boësses">Boësses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boigny-sur-Bionne" title="Boigny-sur-Bionne">Boigny-sur-Bionne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiscommun" title="Boiscommun">Boiscommun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boismorand" title="Boismorand">Boismorand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boisseaux" title="Boisseaux">Boisseaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondaroy" title="Bondaroy">Bondaroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn%C3%A9e" title="Bonnée">Bonnée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonny-sur-Loire" title="Bonny-sur-Loire">Bonny-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Bordeaux-en-Gâtinais">Bordeaux-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bordes,_Loiret" title="Les Bordes, Loiret">Les Bordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bou,_Loiret" title="Bou, Loiret">Bou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougy-lez-Neuville" title="Bougy-lez-Neuville">Bougy-lez-Neuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouilly-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Bouilly-en-Gâtinais">Bouilly-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulay-les-Barres" title="Boulay-les-Barres">Boulay-les-Barres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouzonville-aux-Bois" title="Bouzonville-aux-Bois">Bouzonville-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouzy-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Bouzy-la-Forêt">Bouzy-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boynes" title="Boynes">Boynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bray-Saint_Aignan" title="Bray-Saint Aignan">Bray-Saint Aignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breteau" title="Breteau">Breteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briare" title="Briare">Briare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarres-sur-Essonne" title="Briarres-sur-Essonne">Briarres-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricy" title="Bricy">Bricy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromeilles" title="Bromeilles">Bromeilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucy-le-Roi" title="Bucy-le-Roi">Bucy-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucy-Saint-Liphard" title="Bucy-Saint-Liphard">Bucy-Saint-Liphard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bussi%C3%A8re,_Loiret" title="La Bussière, Loiret">La Bussière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cepoy" title="Cepoy">Cepoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercottes" title="Cercottes">Cercottes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerdon,_Loiret" title="Cerdon, Loiret">Cerdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernoy-en-Berry" title="Cernoy-en-Berry">Cernoy-en-Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sarville-Dossainville" title="Césarville-Dossainville">Césarville-Dossainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chailly-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Chailly-en-Gâtinais">Chailly-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaingy" title="Chaingy">Chaingy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lette-sur-Loing" title="Châlette-sur-Loing">Châlette-sur-Loing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambon-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Chambon-la-Forêt">Chambon-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champoulet" title="Champoulet">Champoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanteau" title="Chanteau">Chanteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantecoq" title="Chantecoq">Chantecoq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Onzerain" title="La Chapelle-Onzerain">La Chapelle-Onzerain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin" title="La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin">La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre" title="La Chapelle-Saint-Sépulcre">La Chapelle-Saint-Sépulcre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-sur-Aveyron" title="La Chapelle-sur-Aveyron">La Chapelle-sur-Aveyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapelon" title="Chapelon">Chapelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Charme" title="Le Charme">Le Charme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmont-en-Beauce" title="Charmont-en-Beauce">Charmont-en-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charsonville" title="Charsonville">Charsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-sur-Loire" title="Châteauneuf-sur-Loire">Châteauneuf-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Renard" title="Château-Renard">Château-Renard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tenoy,_Loiret" title="Châtenoy, Loiret">Châtenoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon-Coligny" title="Châtillon-Coligny">Châtillon-Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon-le-Roi" title="Châtillon-le-Roi">Châtillon-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon-sur-Loire" title="Châtillon-sur-Loire">Châtillon-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaussy,_Loiret" title="Chaussy, Loiret">Chaussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9cy" title="Chécy">Chécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevannes,_Loiret" title="Chevannes, Loiret">Chevannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevillon-sur-Huillard" title="Chevillon-sur-Huillard">Chevillon-sur-Huillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevilly,_Loiret" title="Chevilly, Loiret">Chevilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevry-sous-le-Bignon" title="Chevry-sous-le-Bignon">Chevry-sous-le-Bignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilleurs-aux-Bois" title="Chilleurs-aux-Bois">Chilleurs-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Choux" title="Les Choux">Les Choux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuelles" title="Chuelles">Chuelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ry-Saint-Andr%C3%A9" title="Cléry-Saint-André">Cléry-Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinces" title="Coinces">Coinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combleux" title="Combleux">Combleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combreux" title="Combreux">Combreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflans-sur-Loing" title="Conflans-sur-Loing">Conflans-sur-Loing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbeilles" title="Corbeilles">Corbeilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corquilleroy" title="Corquilleroy">Corquilleroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortrat" title="Cortrat">Cortrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coudroy" title="Coudroy">Coudroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coullons" title="Coullons">Coullons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulmiers" title="Coulmiers">Coulmiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles-le-Roi" title="Courcelles-le-Roi">Courcelles-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcy-aux-Loges" title="Courcy-aux-Loges">Courcy-aux-Loges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cour-Marigny" title="La Cour-Marigny">La Cour-Marigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtemaux" title="Courtemaux">Courtemaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtempierre" title="Courtempierre">Courtempierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtenay,_Loiret" title="Courtenay, Loiret">Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cravant,_Loiret" title="Cravant, Loiret">Cravant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crottes-en-Pithiverais" title="Crottes-en-Pithiverais">Crottes-en-Pithiverais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadonville" title="Dadonville">Dadonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dammarie-en-Puisaye" title="Dammarie-en-Puisaye">Dammarie-en-Puisaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dammarie-sur-Loing" title="Dammarie-sur-Loing">Dammarie-sur-Loing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampierre-en-Burly" title="Dampierre-en-Burly">Dampierre-en-Burly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darvoy" title="Darvoy">Darvoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmonts" title="Desmonts">Desmonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimancheville" title="Dimancheville">Dimancheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnery" title="Donnery">Donnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordives" title="Dordives">Dordives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchy-Montcorbon" title="Douchy-Montcorbon">Douchy-Montcorbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry,_Loiret" title="Dry, Loiret">Dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chilleuses" title="Échilleuses">Échilleuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89gry" title="Égry">Égry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenville" title="Engenville">Engenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pieds-en-Beauce" title="Épieds-en-Beauce">Épieds-en-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erceville" title="Erceville">Erceville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ervauville" title="Ervauville">Ervauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escrennes" title="Escrennes">Escrennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escrignelles" title="Escrignelles">Escrignelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estouy" title="Estouy">Estouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faverelles" title="Faverelles">Faverelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay-aux-Loges" title="Fay-aux-Loges">Fay-aux-Loges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feins-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Feins-en-Gâtinais">Feins-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rolles" title="Férolles">Férolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8res-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Ferrières-en-Gâtinais">Ferrières-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fert%C3%A9-Saint-Aubin" title="La Ferté-Saint-Aubin">La Ferté-Saint-Aubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury-les-Aubrais" title="Fleury-les-Aubrais">Fleury-les-Aubrais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay-sur-Loing" title="Fontenay-sur-Loing">Fontenay-sur-Loing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foucherolles" title="Foucherolles">Foucherolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9ville-du-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Fréville-du-Gâtinais">Fréville-du-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaubertin" title="Gaubertin">Gaubertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9migny" title="Gémigny">Gémigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germigny-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Germigny-des-Prés">Germigny-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidy" title="Gidy">Gidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gien" title="Gien">Gien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolles,_Loiret" title="Girolles, Loiret">Girolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givraines" title="Givraines">Givraines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondreville,_Loiret" title="Gondreville, Loiret">Gondreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangermont" title="Grangermont">Grangermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greneville-en-Beauce" title="Greneville-en-Beauce">Greneville-en-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griselles,_Loiret" title="Griselles, Loiret">Griselles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigneville" title="Guigneville">Guigneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilly,_Loiret" title="Guilly, Loiret">Guilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy-les-Nonains" title="Gy-les-Nonains">Gy-les-Nonains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%AAtre" title="Huêtre">Huêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huisseau-sur-Mauves" title="Huisseau-sur-Mauves">Huisseau-sur-Mauves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrannes" title="Ingrannes">Ingrannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingr%C3%A9" title="Ingré">Ingré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intville-la-Gu%C3%A9tard" title="Intville-la-Guétard">Intville-la-Guétard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdes,_Loiret" title="Isdes, Loiret">Isdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jargeau" title="Jargeau">Jargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jouy-en-Pithiverais" title="Jouy-en-Pithiverais">Jouy-en-Pithiverais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jouy-le-Potier" title="Jouy-le-Potier">Jouy-le-Potier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juranville" title="Juranville">Juranville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laas,_Loiret" title="Laas, Loiret">Laas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladon,_Loiret" title="Ladon, Loiret">Ladon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailly-en-Val" title="Lailly-en-Val">Lailly-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langesse" title="Langesse">Langesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ouville" title="Léouville">Léouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligny-le-Ribault" title="Ligny-le-Ribault">Ligny-le-Ribault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion-en-Beauce" title="Lion-en-Beauce">Lion-en-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion-en-Sullias" title="Lion-en-Sullias">Lion-en-Sullias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombreuil" title="Lombreuil">Lombreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorcy" title="Lorcy">Lorcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorris" title="Lorris">Lorris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loury,_Loiret" title="Loury, Loiret">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louzouer" title="Louzouer">Louzouer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Malesherbois" title="Le Malesherbois">Le Malesherbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcilly-en-Villette" title="Marcilly-en-Villette">Marcilly-en-Villette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi%C3%A9" title="Mardié">Mardié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mareau-aux-Bois" title="Mareau-aux-Bois">Mareau-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mareau-aux-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Mareau-aux-Prés">Mareau-aux-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marigny-les-Usages" title="Marigny-les-Usages">Marigny-les-Usages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsainvilliers" title="Marsainvilliers">Marsainvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melleroy" title="Melleroy">Melleroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nestreau-en-Villette" title="Ménestreau-en-Villette">Ménestreau-en-Villette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rinville" title="Mérinville">Mérinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messas" title="Messas">Messas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meung-sur-Loire" title="Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Mézières-en-Gâtinais">Mézières-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res-lez-Cl%C3%A9ry" title="Mézières-lez-Cléry">Mézières-lez-Cléry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mign%C3%A8res" title="Mignères">Mignères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mignerette" title="Mignerette">Mignerette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montargis" title="Montargis">Montargis</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbarrois" title="Montbarrois">Montbarrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbouy" title="Montbouy">Montbouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montcresson" title="Montcresson">Montcresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montereau,_Loiret" title="Montereau, Loiret">Montereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny,_Loiret" title="Montigny, Loiret">Montigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montliard" title="Montliard">Montliard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormant-sur-Vernisson" title="Mormant-sur-Vernisson">Mormant-sur-Vernisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morville-en-Beauce" title="Morville-en-Beauce">Morville-en-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Moulinet-sur-Solin" title="Le Moulinet-sur-Solin">Le Moulinet-sur-Solin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulon,_Loiret" title="Moulon, Loiret">Moulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancray-sur-Rimarde" title="Nancray-sur-Rimarde">Nancray-sur-Rimarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nargis,_Loiret" title="Nargis, Loiret">Nargis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesploy" title="Nesploy">Nesploy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-aux-Bois" title="Neuville-aux-Bois">Neuville-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Neuville-sur-Essonne" title="La Neuville-sur-Essonne">La Neuville-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvy-en-Sullias" title="Neuvy-en-Sullias">Neuvy-en-Sullias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevoy" title="Nevoy">Nevoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibelle" title="Nibelle">Nibelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogent-sur-Vernisson" title="Nogent-sur-Vernisson">Nogent-sur-Vernisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyers,_Loiret" title="Noyers, Loiret">Noyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oison" title="Oison">Oison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet,_Loiret" title="Olivet, Loiret">Olivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondreville-sur-Essonne" title="Ondreville-sur-Essonne">Ondreville-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orléans</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormes,_Loiret" title="Ormes, Loiret">Ormes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville,_Loiret" title="Orville, Loiret">Orville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ousson-sur-Loire" title="Ousson-sur-Loire">Ousson-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oussoy-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Oussoy-en-Gâtinais">Oussoy-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outarville" title="Outarville">Outarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouvrouer-les-Champs" title="Ouvrouer-les-Champs">Ouvrouer-les-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzouer-des-Champs" title="Ouzouer-des-Champs">Ouzouer-des-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzouer-sous-Bellegarde" title="Ouzouer-sous-Bellegarde">Ouzouer-sous-Bellegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzouer-sur-Loire" title="Ouzouer-sur-Loire">Ouzouer-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzouer-sur-Tr%C3%A9z%C3%A9e" title="Ouzouer-sur-Trézée">Ouzouer-sur-Trézée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panneci%C3%A8res" title="Pannecières">Pannecières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannes,_Loiret" title="Pannes, Loiret">Pannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patay,_Loiret" title="Patay, Loiret">Patay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paucourt" title="Paucourt">Paucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pers-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Pers-en-Gâtinais">Pers-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefitte-%C3%A8s-Bois" title="Pierrefitte-ès-Bois">Pierrefitte-ès-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithiviers" title="Pithiviers">Pithiviers</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithiviers-le-Vieil" title="Pithiviers-le-Vieil">Pithiviers-le-Vieil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poilly-lez-Gien" title="Poilly-lez-Gien">Poilly-lez-Gien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fontaines" title="Préfontaines">Préfontaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presnoy" title="Presnoy">Presnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressigny-les-Pins" title="Pressigny-les-Pins">Pressigny-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puiseaux" title="Puiseaux">Puiseaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiers-sur-Bezonde" title="Quiers-sur-Bezonde">Quiers-sur-Bezonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoulu" title="Ramoulu">Ramoulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebr%C3%A9chien" title="Rebréchien">Rebréchien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozoy-le-Vieil" title="Rozoy-le-Vieil">Rozoy-le-Vieil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvray-Sainte-Croix" title="Rouvray-Sainte-Croix">Rouvray-Sainte-Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvres-Saint-Jean" title="Rouvres-Saint-Jean">Rouvres-Saint-Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozi%C3%A8res-en-Beauce" title="Rozières-en-Beauce">Rozières-en-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruan,_Loiret" title="Ruan, Loiret">Ruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aignan-le-Jaillard" title="Saint-Aignan-le-Jaillard">Saint-Aignan-le-Jaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ay" title="Saint-Ay">Saint-Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire">Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brisson-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Brisson-sur-Loire">Saint-Brisson-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-en-Val" title="Saint-Cyr-en-Val">Saint-Cyr-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-de-l%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel">Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-en-Val" title="Saint-Denis-en-Val">Saint-Denis-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve-des-Bois,_Loiret" title="Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Loiret">Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Firmin-des-Bois" title="Saint-Firmin-des-Bois">Saint-Firmin-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Firmin-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Firmin-sur-Loire">Saint-Firmin-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Florent,_Loiret" title="Saint-Florent, Loiret">Saint-Florent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s,_Loiret" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Loiret">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gondon" title="Saint-Gondon">Saint-Gondon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-les-Andr%C3%A9sis" title="Saint-Hilaire-les-Andrésis">Saint-Hilaire-les-Andrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin" title="Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin">Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-sur-Puiseaux" title="Saint-Hilaire-sur-Puiseaux">Saint-Hilaire-sur-Puiseaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Braye" title="Saint-Jean-de-Braye">Saint-Jean-de-Braye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle" title="Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle">Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-le-Blanc,_Loiret" title="Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Loiret">Saint-Jean-le-Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup-des-Vignes" title="Saint-Loup-des-Vignes">Saint-Loup-des-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ly%C3%A9-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Saint-Lyé-la-Forêt">Saint-Lyé-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Abbat" title="Saint-Martin-d'Abbat">Saint-Martin-d'Abbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-sur-Ocre,_Loiret" title="Saint-Martin-sur-Ocre, Loiret">Saint-Martin-sur-Ocre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-sur-Aveyron" title="Saint-Maurice-sur-Aveyron">Saint-Maurice-sur-Aveyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-sur-Fessard" title="Saint-Maurice-sur-Fessard">Saint-Maurice-sur-Fessard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel,_Loiret" title="Saint-Michel, Loiret">Saint-Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A9ravy-la-Colombe" title="Saint-Péravy-la-Colombe">Saint-Péravy-la-Colombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A8re-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Père-sur-Loire">Saint-Père-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pryv%C3%A9-Saint-Mesmin" title="Saint-Pryvé-Saint-Mesmin">Saint-Pryvé-Saint-Mesmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sigismond,_Loiret" title="Saint-Sigismond, Loiret">Saint-Sigismond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandillon" title="Sandillon">Sandillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santeau" title="Santeau">Santeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saran,_Loiret" title="Saran, Loiret">Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceaux-du-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Sceaux-du-Gâtinais">Sceaux-du-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seichebri%C3%A8res" title="Seichebrières">Seichebrières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Selle-en-Hermoy" title="La Selle-en-Hermoy">La Selle-en-Hermoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Selle-sur-le-Bied" title="La Selle-sur-le-Bied">La Selle-sur-le-Bied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semoy,_Loiret" title="Semoy, Loiret">Semoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennely" title="Sennely">Sennely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermaises" title="Sermaises">Sermaises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigloy" title="Sigloy">Sigloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solterre" title="Solterre">Solterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sougy" title="Sougy">Sougy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sully-la-Chapelle" title="Sully-la-Chapelle">Sully-la-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sully-sur-Loire" title="Sully-sur-Loire">Sully-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sury-aux-Bois" title="Sury-aux-Bois">Sury-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavers" title="Tavers">Tavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thignonville" title="Thignonville">Thignonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimory" title="Thimory">Thimory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorailles" title="Thorailles">Thorailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou,_Loiret" title="Thou, Loiret">Thou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigy" title="Tigy">Tigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivernon" title="Tivernon">Tivernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournoisis" title="Tournoisis">Tournoisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tra%C3%AEnou" title="Traînou">Traînou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treilles-en-G%C3%A2tinais" title="Treilles-en-Gâtinais">Treilles-en-Gâtinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigu%C3%A8res" title="Triguères">Triguères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinay" title="Trinay">Trinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes-sur-Cosson" title="Vannes-sur-Cosson">Vannes-sur-Cosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varennes-Changy" title="Varennes-Changy">Varennes-Changy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennecy" title="Vennecy">Vennecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieilles-Maisons-sur-Joudry" title="Vieilles-Maisons-sur-Joudry">Vieilles-Maisons-sur-Joudry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienne-en-Val" title="Vienne-en-Val">Vienne-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viglain" title="Viglain">Viglain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villamblain" title="Villamblain">Villamblain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemandeur" title="Villemandeur">Villemandeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemoutiers" title="Villemoutiers">Villemoutiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemurlin" title="Villemurlin">Villemurlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-sur-Conie" title="Villeneuve-sur-Conie">Villeneuve-sur-Conie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villereau,_Loiret" title="Villereau, Loiret">Villereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villevoques" title="Villevoques">Villevoques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villorceau" title="Villorceau">Villorceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimory" title="Vimory">Vimory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitry-aux-Loges" title="Vitry-aux-Loges">Vitry-aux-Loges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrigny,_Loiret" title="Vrigny, Loiret">Vrigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A8vre-la-Ville" title="Yèvre-la-Ville">Yèvre-la-Ville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6548#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2046" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6548#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2046" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6548#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139548210">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207560/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcBTmyg7t7X9hdqPjXTpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4116785-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80010348">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15260626s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15260626s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Orléans (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge423666&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5129577">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559504105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060554635306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20023714">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5f5bcaab-497e-412a-b536-16baed9869d4">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027535843">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006602">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045072">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orléans&oldid=1273448754">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orléans&oldid=1273448754</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Category:Orléans">Orléans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communes_of_Loiret" title="Category:Communes of Loiret">Communes of Loiret</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prefectures_in_France" title="Category:Prefectures in France">Prefectures in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carnutes" title="Category:Carnutes">Carnutes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Category:Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orl%C3%A9anais" title="Category:Orléanais">Orléanais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_France" title="Category:Cities in France">Cities in France</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Graph_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Graph extension">Pages using the Graph extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_disabled_graphs" title="Category:Pages with disabled graphs">Pages with disabled graphs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_April_2020" title="Category:EngvarB from April 2020">EngvarB from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2020">Use dmy dates from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_image_map1_but_not_image_map" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map">Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2012" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2012">Articles needing additional references from March 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link is on Wikidata">Commons link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Loiret_communes_articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia" title="Category:Loiret communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia">Loiret communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 February 2025, at 09:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orléans</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>106 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-567b97b4dc-hp2qf","wgBackendResponseTime":150,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_f9180069b5431c263611b20258d437cc738676ad":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q6548","properties":{"title":"Orléans","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q6548","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Orléans"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.962","walltime":"2.487","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14037,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":292066,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30821,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":174194,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":3,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2106.790 1 -total"," 50.36% 1060.992 1 Template:Infobox_French_commune"," 49.74% 1047.999 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 46.66% 982.994 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.94% 272.671 9 Template:Wikidata"," 12.52% 263.732 3 Template:France_metadata_Wikidata"," 8.95% 188.545 1 Template:Reflist"," 7.22% 152.168 1 Template:Motto"," 6.64% 139.867 2 Template:Lang"," 6.13% 129.108 6 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.190","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22550538,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","400","29.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","19.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","8.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","80","5.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","60","4.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","2.9"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","2.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","2.9"],["[others]","220","16.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-6f7954f7b5-fvb6w","timestamp":"20250211195515","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Orl\u00e9ans","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orl%C3%A9ans","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6548","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6548","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-25T03:05:03Z","dateModified":"2025-02-02T09:31:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d5\/Rue_Jeanne_dArc_Tramway_Orleans.jpg","headline":"large city and commune in Loiret, Centre-Val de Loire, France"}</script> </body> </html>