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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gerontology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gerontology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gerontology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gerontology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eponyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eponyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eponyms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eponyms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Eponyms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eponyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ويليام أوسلر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام أوسلر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ویلیام آسلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام آسلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Γουίλιαμ Όσλερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουίλιαμ Όσλερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ویلیام آسلر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام آسلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="윌리엄 오슬러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 오슬러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վիլյամ Օսլեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլյամ Օսլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="ויליאם אוסלר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם אוסלר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸರ್ ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಆಸ್ಲರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸರ್ ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಆಸ್ಲರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ويليام اوسلر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام اوسلر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="ウイリアム・オスラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウイリアム・オスラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Ослер, Уильям – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ослер, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ویلیام ئۆسلەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلیام ئۆسلەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Osler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вільям Ослер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Ослер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8B%92" title="威廉·奥斯勒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·奥斯勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">William Osler</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Bt</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians">FRCP</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Osler_c1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Osler_c1912.jpg/220px-William_Osler_c1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Osler_c1912.jpg/330px-William_Osler_c1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Osler_c1912.jpg/440px-William_Osler_c1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2629" data-file-height="3382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Photograph of Osler, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1912</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1849-07-12</span>)</span>July 12, 1849<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bradford_West_Gwillimbury" title="Bradford West Gwillimbury">Bond Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada#Canada_West" title="Province of Canada">Canada West</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 29, 1919<span style="display:none">(1919-12-29)</span> (aged 70)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Canadian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> (<a href="/wiki/M._D." class="mw-redirect" title="M. D.">MDCM</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">co-founding physician of <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Grace Revere Osler</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2 sons</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">Physician, pathologist, internist, educator, bibliophile, author and historian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osler_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Osler_signature.jpg/150px-Osler_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Osler_signature.jpg/225px-Osler_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Osler_signature.jpg/300px-Osler_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="945" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians">FRCP</a></span></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>; July 12, 1849 – December 29, 1919) was a Canadian physician and one of the "Big Four" founding professors of <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a>. Osler created the first <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">residency</a> program for specialty training of physicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Big_Four_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Big_Four-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has frequently been described as the <i>Father of Modern Medicine</i> and one of the "greatest diagnosticians ever to wield a stethoscope".<sup id="cite_ref-Tuteur_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuteur-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to being a physician he was a <a href="/wiki/Bibliophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliophile">bibliophile</a>, historian, author, and renowned practical joker. He was passionate about medical libraries and medical history, having founded the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Medicine_Society" title="History of Medicine Society">History of Medicine Society</a> (formally "section"), at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Royal Society of Medicine">Royal Society of Medicine</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also instrumental in founding the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Library_Association_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Medical Library Association of Great Britain and Ireland">Medical Library Association of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, and the (North American) Association of Medical Librarians (later the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Library_Association" title="Medical Library Association">Medical Library Association</a>) along with three other people, including <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ridley_Charlton" title="Margaret Ridley Charlton">Margaret Charlton</a>, the medical librarian of his alma mater, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>. He left his own large history of medicine library to McGill, where it became the <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Osler's great-grandfather, Edward Osler, was variously described as either a <a href="/wiki/Merchant_shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant shipping">merchant seaman</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of William's uncles, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Edward_Osler" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Edward Osler">Edward Osler (1798–1863)</a>, a medical officer in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, wrote the <i>Life of Lord Exmouth</i> and the poem <i>The Voyage</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William Osler's father, the Reverend Featherstone Lake Osler (1805–1895), the son of a shipowner at <a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Cornwall" title="Falmouth, Cornwall">Falmouth, Cornwall</a>, was a former lieutenant in the Royal Navy who served on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victory" title="HMS Victory">HMS <i>Victory</i></a>. In 1831, Featherstone Osler was invited to serve on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Beagle" title="HMS Beagle">HMS <i>Beagle</i></a> as the science officer for <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s historic voyage to the <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a>, but he turned it down because his father was dying. In 1833, Featherstone Osler announced that he wanted to become a minister of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a teenager, Featherstone Osler was aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sappho_(1806)" title="HMS Sappho (1806)">HMS <i>Sappho</i></a> when it was nearly destroyed by Atlantic storms and remained adrift for weeks. Serving in the Navy, he was shipwrecked off <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>. In 1837, Featherstone Osler retired from the Navy and emigrated to Canada, becoming a "saddle-bag minister" in rural <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a>. When Featherstone and his bride, Ellen Free Picton, arrived in Canada, they were nearly shipwrecked again on Egg Island in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Saint Lawrence">Gulf of Saint Lawrence</a>. Their children included William, <a href="/wiki/Britton_Bath_Osler" title="Britton Bath Osler">Britton Bath Osler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Boyd_Osler_(Ontario_politician)" title="Edmund Boyd Osler (Ontario politician)">Sir Edmund Boyd Osler</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Osler was born in <a href="/wiki/Bradford_West_Gwillimbury" title="Bradford West Gwillimbury">Bond Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada West">Canada West</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>), on July 12, 1849, and raised after 1857 in <a href="/wiki/Dundas,_Ontario" title="Dundas, Ontario">Dundas, Ontario</a>. He was named William after <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William of Orange</a>, who won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boyne" title="Battle of the Boyne">Battle of the Boyne</a> on July 12, 1690. Osler's mother, who was very religious, prayed that he would become a priest.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osler was educated at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_School" title="Trinity College School">Trinity College School</a> (then located in <a href="/wiki/Weston,_Toronto" title="Weston, Toronto">Weston</a>, Ontario). </p><p>In 1867, Osler announced that he would follow his father's footsteps into the ministry and entered <a href="/wiki/University_of_Trinity_College" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Trinity College">Trinity College</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, in the autumn. However, he became increasingly interested in medical science under the influence of <a href="/wiki/James_Bovell" title="James Bovell">James Bovell</a> and the Rev. <a href="/wiki/William_Arthur_Johnson" title="William Arthur Johnson">William Arthur Johnson</a>, encouraging him to switch his career.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1868, Osler enrolled in the Toronto School of Medicine,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a privately owned institution that was not part of the Medical Faculty of the University of Toronto. Osler lived with James Bovell for a time, and through Johnson, he was introduced to the writings of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Browne" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Browne">Sir Thomas Browne</a>; his <i><a href="/wiki/Religio_Medici" title="Religio Medici">Religio Medici</a></i> caused a deep impression on him.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osler left the Toronto School of Medicine after being accepted into the <a href="/wiki/MDCM" class="mw-redirect" title="MDCM">MDCM</a> program at the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine">McGill University Faculty of Medicine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, and he received his medical degree (MDCM) in 1872. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following post-graduate training under <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Rudolf Virchow</a> in Germany, Osler returned to the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine">McGill University Faculty of Medicine</a> as a professor in 1874. There he created the first formal <a href="/wiki/Journal_club" title="Journal club">journal club</a>, showed interest in comparative pathology, and is considered the first to have taught <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_pathology" title="Veterinary pathology">veterinary pathology</a> in North America as part of a broad understanding of disease pathogenesis. In 1884, he was appointed Chair of Clinical Medicine at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and in 1885, was one of the seven founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Physicians" title="Association of American Physicians">Association of American Physicians</a>, a society dedicated to "the advancement of scientific and practical medicine." When he left Philadelphia in 1889, his farewell address, "<i>Aequanimitas</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was about the imperturbability (calm amid storm) and <a href="/wiki/Equanimity" title="Equanimity">equanimity</a> (moderated emotion, tolerance) necessary for physicians.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_osler_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/William_osler_1909.jpg/220px-William_osler_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/William_osler_1909.jpg/330px-William_osler_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/William_osler_1909.jpg/440px-William_osler_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Osler in 1909, at the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, holding <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Stirling-Maxwell,_9th_Baronet" title="Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet">Sir William Stirling Maxwell</a>'s copy of <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius" title="Andreas Vesalius">Vesalius</a>'s <i>Tabulae Anatomicae</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1889, he became the first Physician-in-Chief of the new <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>. In 1893, Osler was instrumental in creating the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine">Johns Hopkins School of Medicine</a> and became one of the school's first professors of medicine. Osler quickly enhanced his reputation as a clinician, humanitarian, and teacher. He presided over the rapidly expanding hospital's first year of operation, when it had 220 beds and 788 patients were seen for a total of over 15,000 days of treatment. Sixteen years later, when Osler left for Oxford, over 4,200 patients were seen for a total of nearly 110,000 days of treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905, he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Regius_Professor_of_Medicine_(Oxford)" title="Regius Professor of Medicine (Oxford)">Regius Professor of Medicine</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, which he held until his death. He was also a Student (<a href="/wiki/Fellow#In_ancient_universities" title="Fellow">fellow</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>. </p><p>In the UK, he initiated the founding in 1907 of the Association of Physicians<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was founding Senior Editor of its publication the <i><a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarterly Journal of Medicine">Quarterly Journal of Medicine</a></i> until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1911, he founded the Postgraduate Medical Association and was its first President.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, Osler was named a <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronet</a> in the Coronation Honours List for his contributions to the field of medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1919 he was appointed President of the Fellowship of Medicine<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was in October appointed founding President of the merged Fellowship of Medicine and Postgraduate Medical Association,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which became the <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Postgraduate_Medicine" title="Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine">Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine</a>. </p><p>The largest collection of Osler's letters and papers is at the <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Osler Library">Osler Library</a> of <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in Montreal and a collection is also held at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment">Assessment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Osler_photograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Osler_photograph.jpg/220px-William_Osler_photograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Osler_photograph.jpg/330px-William_Osler_photograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Osler_photograph.jpg/440px-William_Osler_photograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="2005" /></a><figcaption>Osler <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Perhaps Osler's greatest influence on medicine was to insist that students learn from seeing and talking to patients and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">medical residency</a>. The latter idea spread across the English-speaking world and remains in place today in most teaching hospitals. Through this system, physicians in training make up much of a teaching hospital's medical staff. The success of his residency system depended, in large part, on its pyramidal structure with many interns, fewer assistant residents and a single chief resident, who originally occupied that position for years. While at Hopkins, Osler established the full-time, sleep-in residency system whereby staff physicians lived in the administration building of the hospital. As established, the residency was open-ended, and long tenure was the rule. Physicians spent as long as seven or eight years as residents, during which time they led a restricted, almost <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monastic</a> life. </p><p>He wrote in an essay "Books and Men" that "He who studies medicine without books sails an uncharted sea, but he who studies medicine without patients does not go to sea at all."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His best-known saying was "Listen to your patient, he is telling you the diagnosis", which emphasises the importance of taking a good history.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuteur_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuteur-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contribution to medical education of which he was proudest was his idea of clinical clerkship – having third- and fourth-year students work with patients on the wards. He pioneered the practice of bedside teaching, making rounds with a handful of students, demonstrating what one student referred to as his method of "incomparably thorough physical examination." Soon after arriving in Baltimore, Osler insisted that his medical students attend at bedside early in their training. By their third year they were taking patient histories, performing physicals and doing lab tests examining secretions, blood and excreta. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_doctors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Four_doctors.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="352" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption><i>The Four Doctors</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a>, 1905, depicts the four physicians who founded <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a>. The original hangs in the William H. Welch Medical Library of <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>.<br />From left to right: <a href="/wiki/William_H._Welch" title="William H. Welch">William Henry Welch</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stewart_Halsted" title="William Stewart Halsted">William Stewart Halsted</a>, William Osler, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Atwood_Kelly" title="Howard Atwood Kelly">Howard Kelly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>He reduced the role of <a href="/wiki/Didacticism" title="Didacticism">didactic</a> lectures and once said he hoped his tombstone would say only, "He brought medical students into the wards for bedside teaching." He also said, "I desire no other epitaph … than the statement that I taught medical students in the wards, as I regard this as by far the most useful and important work I have been called upon to do." Osler fundamentally changed medical teaching in North America, and this influence, helped by a few such as the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">internist</a> <a href="/wiki/P._K._Pel" class="mw-redirect" title="P. K. Pel">P. K. Pel</a>, spread to medical schools across the globe. </p><p>Osler was a prolific author and a great collector of books and other material relevant to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">history of medicine</a>. He willed his library to the Faculty of Medicine of <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> where it now forms the nucleus of McGill University's <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osler was a strong supporter of libraries and served on the library committees at most of the universities at which he taught and was a member of the Board of Curators of the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> in Oxford. He was instrumental in founding the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Library_Association" title="Medical Library Association">Medical Library Association</a> in North America, alongside employee and mentee <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Croker_Noyes" title="Marcia Croker Noyes">Marcia Croker Noyes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as its second president from 1901 to 1904. In Britain he was the first (and only) president of the Medical Library Association of Great Britain and Ireland<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford04_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford04-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also a president of the <a href="/wiki/Bibliographical_Society" title="Bibliographical Society">Bibliographical Society</a> of London (1913).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osler was a prolific author and public speaker and his public speaking and writing were both done in a clear, lucid style. His most famous work, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_and_Practice_of_Medicine" title="The Principles and Practice of Medicine">The Principles and Practice of Medicine</a></i> quickly became a key text to students and clinicians alike. It continued to be published in many editions until 2001 and was translated into many languages.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is notable in part for supporting the use of <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">bloodletting</a> as recently as 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though his own textbook was a major influence in medicine for many years, Osler described <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a> as the "author of the most famous medical textbook ever written". He noted that Avicenna's <i><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon of Medicine">Canon of Medicine</a></i> remained "a medical bible for a longer time than any other work".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osler's essays were important guides to physicians. The title of his most famous essay, "<i>Aequanimitas</i>", espousing the importance of imperturbability, is the motto on the Osler family crest and is used on the Osler housestaff tie and scarf at Hopkins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racism">Racism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Racism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osler said Canada should be a "white man's country" in a 1914 speech given around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Komagata_Maru_incident" title="Komagata Maru incident">Komagata Maru incident</a> involving immigration from India.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osler wrote "I hate Latin Americans" in a letter to Henry Vining Ogden.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the pseudonym "Egerton Yorrick Davis", Osler mocked Indigenous people: "Every primitive tribe retains some vile animal habit not yet eliminated in the upward march of the race."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uncovering this historical context, the journalists David Bruser and Markus Grill and the archivist <a href="/wiki/Nils_Seethaler" title="Nils Seethaler">Nils Seethaler</a> reconstruct the shipment of several indigenous skulls by Osler from Canada to Germany, which were (previously unknown) in the custody of the State Museums of Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gerontology">Gerontology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gerontology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osler is well known in the field of <a href="/wiki/Gerontology" title="Gerontology">gerontology</a> for the speech he gave when leaving Hopkins to become the Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. "The Fixed Period", given on February 22, 1905, included some controversial words about old age. Osler, who had a well-developed humorous side to his character, was in his mid-fifties when he gave the speech and in it he mentioned <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trollope" title="Anthony Trollope">Anthony Trollope</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fixed_Period" title="The Fixed Period">The Fixed Period</a></i> (1882), which envisaged a college where men retired at 67 and after being given a year to settle their affairs, would be "peacefully extinguished by chloroform". He claimed that, "the effective, moving, vitalizing work of the world is done between the ages of twenty-five and forty" and it was downhill from then on.<sup id="cite_ref-hirsh_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hirsh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osler's speech was covered by the popular press which headlined their reports with "Osler recommends chloroform at sixty".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept of mandatory euthanasia for humans after a "fixed period" (often 60 years) became a recurring theme in 20th century <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>—for example, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>'s 1950 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Pebble_in_the_Sky" title="Pebble in the Sky">Pebble in the Sky</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Half_a_Life_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="Half a Life (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">Half a Life (Star Trek: The Next Generation)</a>. In the 3rd edition of his Textbook, he also coined the description of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> as "the friend of the aged" since it allowed elderly individuals a quick, comparatively painless death: "Taken off by it in an acute, short, not often painful illness, the old man escapes those 'cold gradations of decay' so distressing to himself and his friends."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coincidentally, Osler himself died of pneumonia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_family">Personal life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Grace_Revere_Osler_in_Oxford,_England,_1894_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Portrait_of_Grace_Revere_Osler_in_Oxford%2C_England%2C_1894_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Grace_Revere_Osler_in_Oxford%2C_England%2C_1894_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Portrait_of_Grace_Revere_Osler_in_Oxford%2C_England%2C_1894_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Grace_Revere_Osler_in_Oxford%2C_England%2C_1894_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Portrait_of_Grace_Revere_Osler_in_Oxford%2C_England%2C_1894_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Grace_Revere_Osler_in_Oxford%2C_England%2C_1894_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Grace Revere Osler</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13_Norham_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/13_Norham_Gardens.jpg/220px-13_Norham_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/13_Norham_Gardens.jpg/330px-13_Norham_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/13_Norham_Gardens.jpg/440px-13_Norham_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>13 Norham Gardens: Sir William Osler's residence in Oxford</figcaption></figure> <p>An inveterate prankster, he wrote several humorous pieces under the pseudonym "Egerton Yorrick Davis", even fooling the editors of the <i>Philadelphia Medical News</i> into publishing a report on the extremely rare phenomenon of <i><a href="/wiki/Penis_captivus" title="Penis captivus">penis captivus</a></i>, on December 13, 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter was apparently a response to a report on the phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Vaginismus" title="Vaginismus">vaginismus</a> reported three weeks previously in the <i>Philadelphia Medical News</i> by Osler's colleague Theophilus Parvin.<sup id="cite_ref-eyd_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eyd-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis, a prolific writer of letters to medical societies, purported to be a retired U.S. Army surgeon living in Caughnawaga, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Kahnawake" title="Kahnawake">Kahnawake</a>), author of a fake paper on the <a href="/wiki/Obstetrical" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrical">obstetrical</a> habits of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> tribes that was intended as a joke on his rival, Dr. William A. Molson. The piece was never published in Osler's lifetime, nor was it intended to be published; Osler knew the content was outrageous, but he wanted to make a fool of Molson by getting the piece to the brink of publication in the <i>Montreal Medical Journal</i>, of which Molson was the editor. Osler would enhance Davis's myth by signing Davis's name to <a href="/wiki/Hotel_register" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel register">hotel registers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic_conference" title="Academic conference">medical conference</a> attendance lists; Davis was eventually reported drowned in the <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Rapids" title="Lachine Rapids">Lachine Rapids</a> in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-eyd_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eyd-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout his life, Osler was a great admirer of the 17th century physician and philosopher Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Thomas Browne</a>. </p><p>He died at the age of 70, on December 29, 1919, in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish influenza epidemic</a>, most likely of complications from undiagnosed <a href="/wiki/Bronchiectasis" title="Bronchiectasis">bronchiectasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife, Grace, lived another nine years but succumbed to a series of strokes. Sir William and Lady Osler's ashes now rest in a niche in the <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Osler Library">Osler Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>. They had two sons, one of whom died shortly after birth. The other, Edward Revere Osler, was mortally wounded in combat in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> at the age of 21, during the 3rd battle of <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">battle of Passchendaele</a>). At the time of his death in August 1917, he was a <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> in the (British) Royal Field <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lt. Osler's grave is in the Dozinghem Military Cemetery in West <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one biographer, Osler was emotionally crushed by the loss; he was particularly anguished by the fact that his influence had been used to procure a military commission for his son, who had mediocre eyesight.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lady Osler (Grace Revere) was born in Boston in 1854; her paternal great-grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1876, she married Samuel W. Gross, chairman of surgery at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and son of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Gross" title="Samuel D. Gross">Samuel D. Gross</a>. Gross died in 1889 and in 1892 she married William Osler who was then professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins University. </p><p>Osler was a founding donor of the <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropometric_Society" title="American Anthropometric Society">American Anthropometric Society</a>, a group of academics who pledged to donate their brains for scientific study.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brain was donated to the American Anthropometric Society after his death and is currently stored at the <a href="/wiki/Wistar_Institute" title="Wistar Institute">Wistar Institute</a> in Philadelphia. A study of his brain, conducted in 1927, concluded that there were differences between the brains of the highly intelligent and normal brains.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1987 it was taken to the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCtter_Museum" title="Mütter Museum">Mütter Museum</a>, on 22nd Street near Chestnut in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> where it was displayed during the annual meeting of the American Osler Society.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected as a member to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1925, a biography of William Osler was written by <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Cushing" title="Harvey Cushing">Harvey Cushing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who received the 1926 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for the work. A later biography by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bliss" title="Michael Bliss">Michael Bliss</a> was published in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994 Osler was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Medical_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Medical Hall of Fame">Canadian Medical Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eponyms">Eponyms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eponyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osler lent his <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">name</a> to a number of diseases, signs and symptoms, as well as to a number of buildings that have been named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conditions">Conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohypertension" title="Pseudohypertension">Osler's sign</a> is an artificially high systolic <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> reading due to the calcification of <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">arteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osler%27s_node" title="Osler's node">Osler's nodes</a> are raised tender nodules on the pulps of fingertips or toes, suggestive of <a href="/wiki/Endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">subacute bacterial endocarditis</a>. Osler described them as "ephemeral spots of a painful nodular erythema, chiefly in the skin of the hands and feet." Osler nodes are usually painful, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Janeway_lesion" title="Janeway lesion">Janeway lesions</a> which are due to emboli and are painless.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osler%E2%80%93Weber%E2%80%93Rendu_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Osler–Weber–Rendu disease">Osler–Weber–Rendu disease</a> (also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_hemorrhagic_telangiectasia" title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia">hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</a></i>) is a syndrome of multiple <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">vascular</a> malformations on the skin, in the nasal and oral mucosa, in the lungs and elsewhere.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osler%E2%80%93Vaquez_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Osler–Vaquez disease">Osler–Vaquez disease</a> (also known as Polycythemia vera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osler%E2%80%93Libman%E2%80%93Sacks_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Osler–Libman–Sacks syndrome">Osler–Libman–Sacks syndrome</a> is an atypical, verrucous, nonbacterial, valvular and mural <a href="/wiki/Endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">endocarditis</a>. Final stage of systemic <a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">lupus erythematosus</a>.</li> <li>Osler's manoeuvre: in <a href="/wiki/Pseudohypertension" title="Pseudohypertension">pseudohypertension</a>, the blood pressure as measured by the <a href="/wiki/Sphygmomanometer" title="Sphygmomanometer">sphygmomanometer</a> is artificially high because of arterial wall calcification. Osler's manoeuvre takes a patient who has a palpable, although pulseless, <a href="/wiki/Radial_artery" title="Radial artery">radial artery</a> while the blood pressure cuff is inflated above <a href="/wiki/Systolic_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Systolic pressure">systolic pressure</a>; thus they are considered to have "Osler's sign".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Osler's rule: States that a neurological defect has to be related to a specific lesion, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Hickam%27s_dictum" title="Hickam's dictum">Hickam's dictum</a>, which states that the neurological defect can be due to several lesions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Osler's syndrome is a syndrome of recurrent episodes of colic pain, with typical radiation to back, cold shiverings and fever; due to the presence in <a href="/wiki/Ampulla_of_Vater" title="Ampulla of Vater">Vater's diverticulum</a> of a free-moving <a href="/wiki/Gallstone" title="Gallstone">gallstone</a> which is larger than the orifice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Osler's triad (also known as Austrian Syndrome): association of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">endocarditis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sphryanura osleri is a <a href="/wiki/Trematode" class="mw-redirect" title="Trematode">trematode</a> worm found in the gills of a newt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Oslerus osleri is a <a href="/wiki/Metastrongylidae" title="Metastrongylidae">metastrongyloid</a> nematode lungworm parasite of wild and domestic canids. Osler discovered the parasite while teaching comparative pathology at McGill.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings">Buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_William_Osler_quote_in_stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sir_William_Osler_quote_in_stone.jpg/220px-Sir_William_Osler_quote_in_stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sir_William_Osler_quote_in_stone.jpg/330px-Sir_William_Osler_quote_in_stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sir_William_Osler_quote_in_stone.jpg/440px-Sir_William_Osler_quote_in_stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption>A quote by Sir William Osler engraved in the stone wall within the Peace Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Garden" title="International Peace Garden">International Peace Garden</a> (in Manitoba Canada and North Dakota, US)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Osler Building at The <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a> currently The Johns Hopkins Hospital Human Resources. Until 2012 the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) was located on the 7th floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Osler_Elementary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Osler Elementary School">Sir William Osler Elementary School</a> – Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver, British Columbia">Vancouver, British Columbia</a></li> <li>Ecole Sir William Osler School – Elementary School <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Osler_Elementary_School_(Dundas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Osler Elementary School (Dundas)">Sir William Osler Elementary School</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hamilton-Wentworth_District_School_Board" title="Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board">HWDSB</a> Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Dundas,_Ontario" title="Dundas, Ontario">Dundas, Ontario</a></li> <li>Sir William Osler High School,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agincourt,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Agincourt, Ontario">Agincourt area of Scarborough</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario</li> <li>Sir William Osler Public School<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simcoe_County_District_School_Board" title="Simcoe County District School Board">Simcoe County District School Board</a> Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Bradford_West_Gwillimbury,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford West Gwillimbury, Ontario">Bradford West Gwillimbury, Ontario</a> and 3 kilometres away from his birthplace, Bond Head, Ontario</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>, Montreal. Osler left his 8000 volume collection of books on the history of medicine to his <i>alma mater</i>. The library now holds over 100,000 volumes and is Canada's <i>de facto</i> 'national library of the history of medicine'</li> <li><i>Promenade Sir-William-Osler</i> (Formerly the upper section of rue Drummond.) adjacent to the campus of <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec and leading to the McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, which houses the <i><a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Osler_Health_System" title="William Osler Health System">William Osler Health System</a> 1998 near <a href="/wiki/Brampton,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Brampton, Ontario">Brampton, Ontario</a></li> <li>Osler House is the student mess for clinical medical students of <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> and is found at the <a href="/wiki/John_Radcliffe_Hospital" title="John Radcliffe Hospital">John Radcliffe Hospital</a> in Oxford</li> <li>Osler Ward is the Respiratory Medicine ward of the <a href="/wiki/John_Radcliffe_Hospital" title="John Radcliffe Hospital">John Radcliffe Hospital</a> in Oxford.</li> <li>Osler House is also the name of the old Observer's House, next to the <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Observatory" title="Radcliffe Observatory">Radcliffe Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Green_Templeton_College,_Oxford" title="Green Templeton College, Oxford">Green Templeton College, Oxford</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade I listed building">Grade I listed building</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Osler House is one of the two undergraduate hostels of the <a href="/wiki/JIPMER" class="mw-redirect" title="JIPMER">JIPMER</a> medical school in <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Puducherry</a>, India</li> <li>Osler Textbook Room 1999 at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the room in the Billings Building where Osler wrote "Principles and Practice of Medicine". It houses a collection of Osler memorabilia</li> <li>Osler Center for Clinical Excellence 2002<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> devoted to teaching "the basic elements of a sound doctor patient relationship"</li> <li>Osler Hall is Main Hall of "Med Chi" or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medchi.org/">Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, the Maryland State Medical Society</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located on Cathedral Street in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>. The Med Chi House of Delegates meets and deliberates in Osler Hall wherein hang numerous portraits of famous <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> physicians including a large portrait of Osler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osler_House,_Townsville" title="Osler House, Townsville">Osler House</a> (a medical residence) in <a href="/wiki/Townsville" title="Townsville">Townsville</a>, Queensland, Australia is believed to be named after him <sup id="cite_ref-qhr_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qhr-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespec.com/local-dundas/news/2022/11/24/dundas-osler-house-added-to-city-s-heritage-designation-work-plan.html/">Osler House</a>, Osler's childhood home in Dundas, Ontario.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>American Association for the <a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a>, William Osler Medal.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Osler Library, McGill University. Pam and Rolando Del Maestro William Osler Medical Students Essay Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Osler Lecture at the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Society_of_Apothecaries" title="Worshipful Society of Apothecaries">Worshipful Society of Apothecaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Student Award in Oslerian Medicine<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Big_Four-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Big_Four_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/history/history-of-jhh/founding-physicians.html">"Johns Hopkins Medicine: The Founding Physicians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Hospital&rft.atitle=Johns+Hopkins+Medicine%3A+The+Founding+Physicians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-of-jhh%2Ffounding-physicians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuteur-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tuteur_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tuteur_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuteur2008" class="citation web cs1">Tuteur, Amy (November 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319170242/http://open.salon.com/blog/amytuteurmd/2008/11/19/listen_to_your_patient">"Listen to your patient"</a>. The Skeptical OB. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.salon.com/blog/amytuteurmd/2008/11/19/listen_to_your_patient">the original</a> on March 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen+to+your+patient&rft.pub=The+Skeptical+OB&rft.date=2008-11-19&rft.aulast=Tuteur&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen.salon.com%2Fblog%2Famytuteurmd%2F2008%2F11%2F19%2Flisten_to_your_patient&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkel2012" class="citation book cs1">Markel, Howard (July 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780375423307/page/202"><i>An Anatomy of Addiction</i></a>. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780375423307/page/202">202</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400078790" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400078790"><bdi>978-1400078790</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anatomy+of+Addiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft.isbn=978-1400078790&rft.aulast=Markel&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780375423307%2Fpage%2F202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2002" class="citation book cs1">Hunting, Penelope (2002). <i>The history of the Royal Society of Medicine</i>. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1853154973" title="Special:BookSources/978-1853154973"><bdi>978-1853154973</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47271565">47271565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47271565&rft.isbn=978-1853154973&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryanFransiszyn1999" class="citation journal cs1">Bryan, Charles; Fransiszyn, Marilyn (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmaj.ca/content/161/7/849.full.pdf">"Osler usque ad mare: the SS William Osler"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CMAJ</i>. <b>161</b> (7): 849–852. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1230661">1230661</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10530306">10530306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CMAJ&rft.atitle=Osler+usque+ad+mare%3A+the+SS+William+Osler&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=849-852&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1230661%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10530306&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Fransiszyn%2C+Marilyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmaj.ca%2Fcontent%2F161%2F7%2F849.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osler, Edward (1798–1863). <i>The Voyage: a poem, written at sea, and in the West Indies, and illustrated by papers on natural history.</i> London: Longman, 1830.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliss, Michael (1999). <i>William Osler: a life in medicine.</i> Oxford, New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 12 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3">978-0-19-512346-3</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41439631">41439631</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliss, Michael (1999). <i>William Osler: a life in medicine.</i> Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 37 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3">978-0-19-512346-3</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41439631">41439631</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Hanaway, '(1996). <i>McGill Medicine: The First Half Century, 1829–1885</i>. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliss, Michael (1999). <i>William Osler: a life in medicine.</i> Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 44 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3">978-0-19-512346-3</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41439631">41439631</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir William Osler. <i>The Quotable Osler</i>. ACP Press. p.283 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781934465004" title="Special:BookSources/9781934465004">9781934465004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osler, William (2008). edited by Mark E. Silverman, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_John_Murray" title="Thomas John Murray">T. J. Murray</a>, Charles S. Bryan. <i>The Quotable Osler</i>. ACP Press. p. 284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliss, Michael (1999). <i>William Osler: a life in medicine.</i> Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 45–46 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3">978-0-19-512346-3</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41439631">41439631</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/osler/aequessay.htm">AEQUANIMITAS</a>. Medicalarchives.jhmi.edu. Retrieved on May 30, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokol2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sokol, Daniel (November 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2078638">"Aequanimitas"</a>. <i>BMJ: British Medical Journal</i>. <b>335</b> (7628): 1049.2–1049. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.39385.642315.FA">10.1136/bmj.39385.642315.FA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-8138">0959-8138</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2078638">2078638</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ%3A+British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Aequanimitas&rft.volume=335&rft.issue=7628&rft.pages=1049.2-1049&rft.date=2007-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2078638%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0959-8138&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.39385.642315.FA&rft.aulast=Sokol&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2078638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Kimberly A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/medicine/education/hstrainingprogram/overview/hx_jhh.html">"History of The Johns Hopkins Hospital"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+of+The+Johns+Hopkins+Hospital&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Kimberly+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org%2Fmedicine%2Feducation%2Fhstrainingprogram%2Foverview%2Fhx_jhh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808094500/https://aopgbi.org/about-us/our-history-2/">"Our History"</a>. Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aopgbi.org/about-us/our-history-2/">the original</a> on August 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft.pub=Association+of+Physicians+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faopgbi.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-history-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon1936" class="citation journal cs1">Anon (1936). "Early history of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Quarterly Journal of Medicine". <i>Quarterly Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>5</b>: 536–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Early+history+of+the+Association+of+Physicians+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland+and+of+the+Quarterly+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=536-40&rft.date=1936&rft.au=Anon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1992" class="citation journal cs1">James, D. G. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2399241">"The portraiture of Sir William Osler"</a>. <i>Postgraduate Medical Journal</i>. <b>68</b> (797): 159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fpgmj.68.797.159">10.1136/pgmj.68.797.159</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2399241">2399241</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postgraduate+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+portraiture+of+Sir+William+Osler&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=797&rft.pages=159&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2399241%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fpgmj.68.797.159&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=D.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2399241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Honours to Medical Men: Coronation Honours". <i>Lancet</i>. <b>178</b> (4609): 1874–1876. 1911. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2801%2958188-x">10.1016/s0140-6736(01)58188-x</a>. <q>Sir William Osler, Regius professor of medicine in the University of Oxford, who is famous throughout two continents, has enriched the literature of medicine with many works of high scientific and literary value.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Honours+to+Medical+Men%3A+Coronation+Honours&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=4609&rft.pages=1874-1876&rft.date=1911&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2801%2958188-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osler appointed President of the Inter-Allied Fellowship of Medicine. The Times. 14th January 1919.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook G. John McAlister's other vision. Abingdon, Oxon: Radcliffe Publishing Limited; 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85775-789-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85775-789-0">1-85775-789-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/osler090">"Sir William Osler Press Clippings 1905–1920"</a>. National Library of Medicine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+William+Osler+Press+Clippings+1905%E2%80%931920&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foculus.nlm.nih.gov%2Fosler090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/sir-william-osler-collection">"Sir William Osler Collection, P100"</a>. <i>McGill Archival Collections Catalogue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McGill+Archival+Collections+Catalogue&rft.atitle=Sir+William+Osler+Collection%2C+P100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca%2Findex.php%2Fsir-william-osler-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/osler/booksandmen.htm">"Aequanimitas – Books and Men"</a>. <i>www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu&rft.atitle=Aequanimitas+%E2%80%93+Books+and+Men&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu%2Fosler%2Fbooksandmen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mqup.mcgill.ca/book.php?bookid=1902">Bibliotheca Osleriana</a>. Mqup.mcgill.ca. Retrieved on May 30, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1974" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Bernie Todd (July 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC198800">"Marcia Crocker Noyes, Medical Librarian: The Shaping of a Career *"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Medical Library Association</i>. <b>62</b> (3): 314–324. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-7338">0025-7338</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC198800">198800</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4619344">4619344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Medical+Library+Association&rft.atitle=Marcia+Crocker+Noyes%2C+Medical+Librarian%3A+The+Shaping+of+a+Career+%2A&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=314-324&rft.date=1974-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC198800%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0025-7338&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4619344&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bernie+Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC198800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crawford04-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crawford04_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford_DS2004" class="citation journal cs1">Crawford DS (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-1842.2004.00533.x">"The Medical Library Association of Great Britain and Ireland"</a>. <i>Health Information & Libraries Journal</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 266–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-1842.2004.00533.x">10.1111/j.1471-1842.2004.00533.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15606885">15606885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Information+%26+Libraries+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Medical+Library+Association+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=266-8&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1471-1842.2004.00533.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15606885&rft.au=Crawford+DS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1471-1842.2004.00533.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804010233/http://www.bibsoc.org.uk/presidents.htm">"The Bibliographical Society – Past Presidents"</a>. Bibsoc.org.uk. November 18, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibsoc.org.uk/presidents.htm">the original</a> on August 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bibliographical+Society+%E2%80%93+Past+Presidents&rft.pub=Bibsoc.org.uk&rft.date=2008-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibsoc.org.uk%2Fpresidents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(See Osler Library Studies in the History of Medicine vol. 8.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Golden, Richard (2004) <i>A History of William Osler's The Principles and Practice of Medicine</i>. Osler Library, McGill University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7717-0615-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7717-0615-4">0-7717-0615-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.ucla.edu/specialcollections/biomedicallibrary/12193.cfm">Bloodletting – UCLA Biomedical Library History and Special Collections for the Sciences</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313034620/http://www.library.ucla.edu/specialcollections/biomedicallibrary/12193.cfm">Archived</a> March 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Library.ucla.edu. Retrieved on May 30, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJournal_of_Perinatology2007" class="citation journal cs1">Journal of Perinatology (September 6, 2007). "Access : Avicenna (AD 980 to 1037) and the care of the newborn infant and breastfeeding". <i>Journal of Perinatology</i>. <b>28</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>: 3–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.jp.7211832">10.1038/sj.jp.7211832</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17805338">17805338</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41337692">41337692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Perinatology&rft.atitle=Access+%3A+Avicenna+%28AD+980+to+1037%29+and+the+care+of+the+newborn+infant+and+breastfeeding&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-6&rft.date=2007-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41337692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17805338&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.jp.7211832&rft.au=Journal+of+Perinatology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPersaudButtsBerger2020" class="citation journal cs1">Persaud, Nav; Butts, Heather; Berger, Philip (November 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669299">"William Osler: saint in a "White man's dominion"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>. <b>192</b> (45): E1414–E1416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.201567">10.1503/cmaj.201567</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669299">7669299</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33168766">33168766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Medical+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=William+Osler%3A+saint+in+a+%22White+man%27s+dominion%22&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=E1414-E1416&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7669299%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33168766&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1503%2Fcmaj.201567&rft.aulast=Persaud&rft.aufirst=Nav&rft.au=Butts%2C+Heather&rft.au=Berger%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7669299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallis1997" class="citation journal cs1">Wallis, Faith (June 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1227495">"Piety and prejudice. In his respect for the Jewish people, Osler was less a man of his time than a man of his profession"</a>. <i>Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>. <b>156</b> (11): 1549–51. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1227495">1227495</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9176421">9176421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Medical+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Piety+and+prejudice.+In+his+respect+for+the+Jewish+people%2C+Osler+was+less+a+man+of+his+time+than+a+man+of+his+profession&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1549-51&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1227495%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9176421&rft.aulast=Wallis&rft.aufirst=Faith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1227495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeistrop1968" class="citation book cs1">Weistrop, Leonard (1968). <i>The Life & Letters of Dr. Henry Vining Ogden, 1857–1931</i>. Milwaukee: Milwaukee Academy of Medicine Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780961707002" title="Special:BookSources/9780961707002"><bdi>9780961707002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+%26+Letters+of+Dr.+Henry+Vining+Ogden%2C+1857%E2%80%931931&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.pub=Milwaukee+Academy+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=9780961707002&rft.aulast=Weistrop&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenugopal1996" class="citation journal cs1">Venugopal, Raghu (June 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/library/files/library/Osnl82.pdf">"Reading between the lines: a glimpse of the Cushing files and The Life of Sir William Osler"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Osler Library Newsletter</i>. <b>82</b>: 1–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osler+Library+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Reading+between+the+lines%3A+a+glimpse+of+the+Cushing+files+and+The+Life+of+Sir+William+Osler.&rft.volume=82&rft.pages=1-4&rft.date=1996-06&rft.aulast=Venugopal&rft.aufirst=Raghu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Flibrary%2Ffiles%2Flibrary%2FOsnl82.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolden1999" class="citation book cs1">Golden, Richard (1999). <i>The works of Egerton Yorrick Davis, MD: Sir William Osler's alter ego</i>. Montreal: McGill University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780771705489" title="Special:BookSources/9780771705489"><bdi>9780771705489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+works+of+Egerton+Yorrick+Davis%2C+MD%3A+Sir+William+Osler%27s+alter+ego&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill+University&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780771705489&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Bruser/Markus Grill: The untold story of four Indigenous skulls given away by one of Canada’s most famous doctors, and the quest to bring them home. Toronto Star, 17.12.20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hirsh-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hirsh_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirshbein2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hirshbein, Laura Davidow (September 24, 2001). "William Osler and The Fixed Period: Conflicting Medical and Popular Ideas About Old Age". <i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>. <b>161</b> (17): 2074–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchinte.161.17.2074">10.1001/archinte.161.17.2074</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11570935">11570935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=William+Osler+and+The+Fixed+Period%3A+Conflicting+Medical+and+Popular+Ideas+About+Old+Age&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=2074-8&rft.date=2001-09-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchinte.161.17.2074&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11570935&rft.aulast=Hirshbein&rft.aufirst=Laura+Davidow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For details, see Charles G. Roland: "What Did Trollope Actually Write? <i>The Fixed Period</i> and 'The Fixed Period'" (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20121209023151/http://www.asksam.com/cgi-bin/as_web6.exe?Command=DocName&File=Osleriana&Name=1995-01%20What%20did%20Trollope%20Actually%20Write?%20The%20Fixed%20Period">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsler1899" class="citation book cs1">Osler, William (1899). <i>The principles and practice of medicine: designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine</i>. New York: Appleton and Company. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+principles+and+practice+of+medicine%3A+designed+for+the+use+of+practitioners+and+students+of+medicine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Osler&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1999" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Egerton Yorrick (1999). Golden, Richard L (ed.). <i>The Works of Egerton Yorrick Davis, MD: Sir William Osler's Alter Ego</i>. Osler Library studies in the history of medicine, no. 3. Montreal: Osler Library, McGill University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7717-0548-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7717-0548-9"><bdi>978-0-7717-0548-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48551127">48551127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Egerton+Yorrick+Davis%2C+MD%3A+Sir+William+Osler%27s+Alter+Ego&rft.place=Montreal&rft.series=Osler+Library+studies+in+the+history+of+medicine%2C+no.+3&rft.pub=Osler+Library%2C+McGill+University&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48551127&rft.isbn=978-0-7717-0548-9&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Egerton+Yorrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span> A collection of writings by the fictitious surgical character created by Osler, E. Y. Davis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eyd-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eyd_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eyd_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifeinthefastlane.com/2008/11/egerton-y-davis/">Egerton Y. Davis</a>", Chris Nickson, <i>Life in the Fastlane</i>, November 16, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrong_O2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wrong O (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539606">"Osler and my father"</a>. <i>J R Soc Med</i>. <b>96</b> (6): 462–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107680309600914">10.1177/014107680309600914</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539606">539606</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12949207">12949207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+R+Soc+Med&rft.atitle=Osler+and+my+father&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=462-64&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC539606%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12949207&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F014107680309600914&rft.au=Wrong+O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC539606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarling" class="citation web cs1">Starling, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/on-this-day/28-august-1917-the-life-and-death-of-edward-revere-osler/">"The Life and Death of Edward Revere Osler"</a>. <i>Western Front Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Front+Association&rft.atitle=The+Life+and+Death+of+Edward+Revere+Osler&rft.aulast=Starling&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westernfrontassociation.com%2Fon-this-day%2F28-august-1917-the-life-and-death-of-edward-revere-osler%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarling2003" class="citation journal cs1">Starling, P H (March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjramc-149-01-05">"The case of Edward Revere Osler"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps</i>. <b>149</b> (1): 27–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjramc-149-01-05">10.1136/jramc-149-01-05</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743923">12743923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Army+Medical+Corps&rft.atitle=The+case+of+Edward+Revere+Osler&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-29&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjramc-149-01-05&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12743923&rft.aulast=Starling&rft.aufirst=P+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1136%252Fjramc-149-01-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bliss-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bliss_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bliss_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBliss1999" class="citation book cs1">Bliss, Michael (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamosler00mich"><i>William Osler: a life in medicine</i></a></span>. Oxford, New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512346-3"><bdi>978-0-19-512346-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41439631">41439631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Osler%3A+a+life+in+medicine&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41439631&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512346-3&rft.aulast=Bliss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamosler00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Grace Revere Osler. 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D. Cope"</a>. <i>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</i>. New Series. <b>1</b> (4): 176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1005434">10.2307/1005434</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1005434">1005434</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=A+Study+of+the+Brains+of+Six+Eminent+Scientists+and+Scholars+Belonging+to+the+American+Anthropometric+Society%2C+together+with+a+Description+of+the+Skull+of+Professor+E.+D.+Cope&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=176&rft.date=1907&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1005434&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1005434%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Spitzka&rft.aufirst=Edward+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1005434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvery" class="citation web cs1">Avery, Ron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushistory.org/oddities/brain.htm">"Philadelphia Oddities: Wistar Brain Collection"</a>. <i>www.ushistory.org</i>. Independence Hall Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ushistory.org&rft.atitle=Philadelphia+Oddities%3A+Wistar+Brain+Collection&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Foddities%2Fbrain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112004515/http://articles.philly.com/1991-04-03/news/25777383_1_brains-annual-meeting-brothers">"They Put Their Brains To Work William Osler, Joseph Leidy, Edward Drinker Cope And William Pepper Were Among The Greatest Brains In Turn -of-the-century Philadelphia. 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Retrieved on May 30, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/library/sites/mcgill.ca.library/files/No60February1989.pdf">Osler Library Newsletter No. 60 February 1989</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705151644/http://www.mcgill.ca/library/sites/mcgill.ca.library/files/No60February1989.pdf">Archived</a> July 5, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. mcgill.ca</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1885&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.utmb.edu&rft.atitle=Student+Award+in+Oslerian+Medicine+%7C+UTMB+Health+%7C+UTMB.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utmb.edu%2Fosler%2FAwards%2FStudentAward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>William Osler</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Osler%2C+William%2C+%E2%80%93+Sir%2C+%E2%80%93+1849%E2%80%931919.">Resources in your library</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By William Osler</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Osler%2C+William%2C+%E2%80%93+Sir%2C+%E2%80%93+1849%E2%80%931919.">Resources in your library</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan2020" class="citation book cs1">Bryan, Charles S, ed. (2020). <i>Sir William Osler: an encyclopedia</i> (First ed.). Novato: Norman Publishing HistoryofScience.com in association with the American Osler Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780930405915" title="Special:BookSources/9780930405915"><bdi>9780930405915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+William+Osler%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=Novato&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Norman+Publishing+HistoryofScience.com+in+association+with+the+American+Osler+Society&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780930405915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/osler/osler150.htm">Celebrating the Contributions of William Osler</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/">Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives</a> 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jhmi.edu/">Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070325102358/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/physicians/002032-230-e.html">Famous Canadian Physicians: Sir William Osler</a> at Library and Archives Canada.</li> <li>Kingsbury, Mary. “Book Collector, Bibliographer, and Benefactor of Libraries: Sir William Osler.” <i>The Journal of Library History.</i> 16 no. 1 (1981): 187–98.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsler1969" class="citation book cs1">Osler, William (1969) [1929]. Francis, William W; Hill, Reginald H; Malloch, Archibald (eds.). <i>Bibliotheca Osleriana: A Catalogue of Books Illustrating the History of Medicine and Science</i> (Revised ed.). Montreal: <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-9050-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-9050-2"><bdi>978-0-7735-9050-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/75916">75916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+Osleriana%3A+A+Catalogue+of+Books+Illustrating+the+History+of+Medicine+and+Science&rft.place=Montreal&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F75916&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-9050-2&rft.aulast=Osler&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span> The Introduction and other editorial matter is freely available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internatlibs.mcgill.ca/bib-osler/dsc-intro.htm">on-line</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOslerSilvermanMurrayBryan2002" class="citation book cs1">Osler, William; Silverman, Mark E; Murray, T J; Bryan, Charles S (2002). <i>The Quotable Osler</i>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Physicians" title="American College of Physicians">American College of Physicians</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-930513-34-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-930513-34-1"><bdi>978-1-930513-34-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50477294">50477294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quotable+Osler&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=American+College+of+Physicians&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50477294&rft.isbn=978-1-930513-34-1&rft.aulast=Osler&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Silverman%2C+Mark+E&rft.au=Murray%2C+T+J&rft.au=Bryan%2C+Charles+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2337064">"Sir WILLIAM OSLER Bt., M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BMJ" class="mw-redirect" title="BMJ">British Medical Journal</a></i>. <b>1</b> (3079): 30–33. January 3, 1920. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.3079.30">10.1136/bmj.1.3079.30</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2337064">2337064</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Sir+WILLIAM+OSLER+Bt.%2C+M.D.%2C+F.R.S.%2C+F.R.C.P&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3079&rft.pages=30-33&rft.date=1920-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2337064%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.3079.30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2337064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-width:1px; border-color:#E0E0E0; width:20em; background-color:#FFF; margin:0.2em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:1.2em; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Archives at</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Identifiers</th><td class="infobox-data">P100</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/sir-william-osler-collection">Sir William Osler Collection</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #E0E0E0;"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Archival_material" title="Help:Archival material">How to use archival material</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/William_Osler" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/William Osler">William Osler</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Osler" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Osler">William Osler</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/GF/">Sir William Osler</a> in the <a href="/wiki/US_National_Library_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="US National Library of Medicine">US National Library of Medicine</a>'s <i>Profiles in Science</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_L._GoldenCharles_G._Roland1988" class="citation book cs1">Richard L. Golden; <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Roland" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles G. Roland">Charles G. Roland</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Z33qBcbP6MC&q=insects+%22horace+knight%22+-imdb&pg=PA172"><i>Sir William Osler</i></a>. Norman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-930405-00-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-930405-00-7"><bdi>978-0-930405-00-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+William+Osler&rft.pub=Norman+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-930405-00-7&rft.au=Richard+L.+Golden&rft.au=Charles+G.+Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Z33qBcbP6MC%26q%3Dinsects%2B%2522horace%2Bknight%2522%2B-imdb%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/sir-william-osler-collection">Sir William Osler Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/harvey-cushing-fonds">Harvey Cushing Fonds</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a> contains letters by Osler compiled during the writing of Cushing's biography of Osler.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland1998" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon_Roland" title="Charles Gordon Roland">Roland, Charles G.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/osler_william_14E.html">"Osler, Sir William"</a>. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Osler%2C+Sir+William&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Roland&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fosler_william_14E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/osler/index.php">William Osler Photo Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120123091858/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/sir-william-osler">Sir William Osler</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/library/branches/osler/oslerbio/">Osler Library, brief biography of William Osler</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/660">Works by William Osler</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Osler%2C%20William%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22William%20Osler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Osler%2C%20William%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22William%20Osler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Osler%2C%20W%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22William%20Osler%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Osler%2C%20William%22%20OR%20description%3A%22William%20Osler%22%29%20OR%20%28%221849-1919%22%20AND%20Osler%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about William Osler</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/9751">Works by William Osler</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://essays.quotidiana.org/osler/">Essays by William Osler at Quotidiana.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/osler/aequessay.htm">Aequanimitas</a> from the Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Medical_Institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions">Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1627.html">Biography on WhoNamedIt.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414153011/http://osler.co.uk/archived/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11:sir-william-osler&catid=12:william-osler&Itemid=24">Biography from Osler House, Oxford, focusing on his Oxford years</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslerhouse.com/">Osler House – Dundas – B&B, Meetings, Celebrations, Receptions, Retreats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528234911/https://www.oslerhouse.com/">Archived</a> May 28, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070706203448/http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_STU/Plaque_Simcoe02.html">Ontario Plaques — Sir William Osler</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gtc.ox.ac.uk/about-gtc/osler-mcgovern-centre.html">[2]</a> at 13 <a href="/wiki/Norham_Gardens" title="Norham Gardens">Norham Gardens</a>, owned by Sir William Osler while Regius Professor of Medicine at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> (information from <a href="/wiki/Green_Templeton_College,_Oxford" title="Green Templeton College, Oxford">Green Templeton College, Oxford</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osler.co.uk/">Osler House Club</a>, Oxford University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanosler.org/">The American Osler Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osler.org.uk/">The Osler Club of London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/osler/osler150.htm">Osler biography, chronology, bibliography & resources</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.systemofmedicine.com">Systemofmedicine.com, Oslerian medical education resource</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210717131903/https://systemofmedicine.com/">Archived</a> July 17, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221225408/http://www.williamoslerhc.on.ca/">William Osler Health Centre</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray,_T._Jock2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_John_Murray" title="Thomas John Murray">Murray, T. Jock</a> (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687923">"Read any good books lately?"</a>. <i>McGill J Med</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 90–91. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687923">2687923</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19753296">19753296</a>; Osler's bedside table Library for Medical Students</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=McGill+J+Med&rft.atitle=Read+any+good+books+lately%3F&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=90-91&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2687923%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19753296&rft.au=Murray%2C+T.+Jock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2687923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Osler" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_baronetcies" title="List of extant baronetcies">Baronetage of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Baronet</a><br /></b>(of Norham Gardens)<b> </b><br />1911–1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Extinct </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_into_the_Canadian_Medical_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Medical_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Canadian Medical Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Medical_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Canadian Medical Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Medical_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Medical Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_into_the_Canadian_Medical_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees into the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Medical_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Medical Hall of Fame">Canadian Medical Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_Abbott" title="Maude Abbott">Maude Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Avery" title="Oswald Avery">Oswald Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Aguayo" title="Albert Aguayo">Albert Aguayo</a> <b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bagshaw" title="Elizabeth Bagshaw">Elizabeth Bagshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Frederick Banting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_J._M._Barnett" title="Henry J. M. Barnett">Henry J. M. Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Barr" title="Murray Barr">Murray Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_Beer" title="Charles Thomas Beer">Charles Thomas Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(physician)" title="John Bell (physician)">John Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Belleau" title="Bernard Belleau">Bernard Belleau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_B._Berger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip B. Berger (page does not exist)">Philip B. Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_G._Bergeron" title="Michel G. Bergeron">Michel G. Bergeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bernstein" title="Alan Bernstein">Alan Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Best_(medical_scientist)" title="Charles Best (medical scientist)">Charles Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Bethune" title="Norman Bethune">Norman Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bienenstock" title="John Bienenstock">John Bienenstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Gordon_Bigelow" title="Wilfred Gordon Bigelow">Wilfred Gordon Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bliss" title="Michael Bliss">Michael Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Blizzard" title="Stephen Blizzard">Stephen Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_J._de_Bold" title="Adolfo J. de Bold">Adolfo J. de Bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Bondar" title="Roberta Bondar">Roberta Bondar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bradley_(doctor)" title="John Bradley (doctor)">John Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Breault" title="Henri Breault">Henri Breault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Malcolm_Brown" title="G. Malcolm Brown">G. Malcolm Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browne_(scientist)" title="John Browne (scientist)">John Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_C._Burton" title="Alan C. Burton">Alan C. Burton</a> <b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elaine_A._Carty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elaine A. Carty (page does not exist)">Elaine A. Carty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_Chisholm" title="Brock Chisholm">Brock Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Max_Chochinov" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Max Chochinov">Harvey Max Chochinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Chown" title="Bruce Chown">Bruce Chown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Michel Chrétien">Michel Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Arthur_Cochrane" title="William Arthur Cochrane">William Arthur Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Cohen" title="May Cohen">May Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Collip" title="James Collip">James Collip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harold_Copp" title="Douglas Harold Copp">Douglas Harold Copp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cynader" title="Max Cynader">Max Cynader</a> <b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_David_(cardiologist)" title="Paul David (cardiologist)">Paul David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naranjan_Dhalla" title="Naranjan Dhalla">Naranjan Dhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_A._Dignan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas A. Dignan (page does not exist)">Thomas A. Dignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dirks_(physician)" title="John Dirks (physician)">John Dirks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dosman" title="James Dosman">James Dosman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Drake" title="Charles George Drake">Charles George Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Drucker" title="Daniel J. Drucker">Daniel J. Drucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacalyn_Duffin" title="Jacalyn Duffin">Jacalyn Duffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dussault" title="Jean Dussault">Jean Dussault</a> <b>E</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Eaves" title="Connie Eaves">Connie Eaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Evans" title="John Robert Evans">John Robert Evans</a> <b>F</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Farquharson" title="Ray Farquharson">Ray Farquharson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Fedoruk" title="Sylvia Fedoruk">Sylvia Fedoruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Feindel" title="William Feindel">William Feindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Finlay" title="Brett Finlay">Brett Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Miller_Fisher" title="C. Miller Fisher">C. Miller Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._FitzGerald" title="John G. FitzGerald">John G. FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Fortier" title="Claude Fortier">Claude Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Fox" title="Terry Fox">Terry Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Frappier" title="Armand Frappier">Armand Frappier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Fraser" title="Clarke Fraser">Clarke Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Friesen" title="Henry Friesen">Henry Friesen</a> <b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gallie" title="William Gallie">William Gallie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Genest" title="Jacques Genest">Jacques Genest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Gingras" title="Gustave Gingras">Gustave Gingras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gold" title="Phil Gold">Phil Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Goldbloom" title="Richard Goldbloom">Richard Goldbloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gray_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Gray (academic)">Jean Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Grenfell" title="Wilfred Grenfell">Wilfred Grenfell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Guyatt" title="Gordon Guyatt">Gordon Guyatt</a> <b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Hachinski" title="Vladimir Hachinski">Vladimir Hachinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Hakim" title="Antoine Hakim">Antoine Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Matthew_Hall" title="Emmett Matthew Hall">Emmett Matthew Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Goslin_Hall" title="Judith Goslin Hall">Judith Goslin Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Hayden" title="Michael R. Hayden">Michael R. Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Olding_Hebb" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Olding Hebb">Donald Olding Hebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Pearl_Herbert" title="Carol Pearl Herbert">Carol Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_d%27Herelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix d'Herelle">Félix d'Herelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hirsh" title="Jack Hirsh">Jack Hirsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hollenberg" title="Charles Hollenberg">Charles Hollenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Hogg" title="James C. Hogg">James C. Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hubel">David Hubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Huggins" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles B. Huggins">Charles B. Huggins</a> <b>J</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Jasper" title="Herbert Jasper">Herbert Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Jenkins" title="David J. Jenkins">David J. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Johns" title="Harold E. Johns">Harold E. Johns</a> <b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Keon" title="Wilbert Keon">Wilbert Keon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonora_King" title="Leonora King">Leonora King</a> <b>L</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Marc Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Langer_(surgeon)" title="Bernard Langer (surgeon)">Bernard Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Philippe_Leblond" title="Charles Philippe Leblond">Charles Philippe Leblond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_LeClair" title="Maurice LeClair">Maurice LeClair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Lehmann" title="Heinz Lehmann">Heinz Lehmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Peter Lougheed</a> <b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Mance" title="Jeanne Mance">Jeanne Mance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McCulloch" title="Ernest McCulloch">Ernest McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEachern" title="John McEachern">John McEachern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mackenzie" title="Walter Mackenzie">Walter Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Macklem" title="Peter Macklem">Peter Macklem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_MacLennan" title="David MacLennan">David MacLennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Macleod_(physiologist)" title="John Macleod (physiologist)">John Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCrae" title="John McCrae">John McCrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McWhinney" title="Ian McWhinney">Ian McWhinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tak_Wah_Mak" title="Tak Wah Mak">Tak Wah Mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Marra" title="Marco Marra">Marco Marra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Martin" title="Joseph B. Martin">Joseph B. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Masson" title="Pierre Masson">Pierre Masson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Campbell_Meakins" title="Jonathan Campbell Meakins">Jonathan Campbell Meakins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Menten" title="Maud Menten">Maud Menten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Melzack" title="Ronald Melzack">Ronald Melzack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Milner" title="Brenda Milner">Brenda Milner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Montaner" title="Julio Montaner">Julio Montaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Montizambert" title="Frederick Montizambert">Frederick Montizambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Mount" title="Balfour Mount">Balfour Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_John_Murray" title="Thomas John Murray">Thomas John Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraser Mustard">Fraser Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thornton_Mustard" title="William Thornton Mustard">William Thornton Mustard</a> <b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Naimark" title="Arnold Naimark">Arnold Naimark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Naylor" title="David Naylor">David Naylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Noble_(physician)" title="Robert Noble (physician)">Robert Noble</a> <b>O</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_O%27Connor" title="Annette O'Connor">Annette O'Connor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Osler</a> <b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Pawson" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Pawson">Anthony Pawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_Penfield" title="Wilder Penfield">Wilder Penfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Peters" title="Vera Peters">Vera Peters</a> <b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mi_Quirion" title="Rémi Quirion">Rémi Quirion</a> <b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Rockman-Greenberg" title="Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg">Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Ronald" title="Allan Ronald">Allan Ronald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noralou_P._Roos" title="Noralou P. Roos">Noralou P. Roos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Lucien_Rouleau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Lucien Rouleau (page does not exist)">Jean-Lucien Rouleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Roy_(physician)" title="Claude Roy (physician)">Claude Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Rusted" title="Ian Rusted">Ian Rusted</a> <b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sackett" title="David Sackett">David Sackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Salter" title="Robert B. Salter">Robert B. Salter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scriver" title="Charles Scriver">Charles Scriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Selye" title="Hans Selye">Hans Selye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Siminovitch" title="Louis Siminovitch">Louis Siminovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Estelle_R._Simons" title="F. Estelle R. Simons">F. Estelle R. Simons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_G._Sinclair" title="Duncan G. Sinclair">Duncan G. Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sonenberg" title="Nahum Sonenberg">Nahum Sonenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Stephenson" title="Bette Stephenson">Bette Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Stiller" title="Calvin Stiller">Calvin Stiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Stowe" title="Emily Stowe">Emily Stowe</a> <b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tator" title="Charles Tator">Charles Tator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Teasdale-Corti" title="Lucille Teasdale-Corti">Lucille Teasdale-Corti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Till" title="James Till">James Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap-Chee_Tsui" title="Lap-Chee Tsui">Lap-Chee Tsui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endel_Tulving" title="Endel Tulving">Endel Tulving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Tupper" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Charles Tupper">Sir Charles Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Lorne_Tyrrell" title="D. Lorne Tyrrell">D. Lorne Tyrrell</a> <b>V</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladen_Vranic" title="Mladen Vranic">Mladen Vranic</a> <b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wainberg" title="Mark Wainberg">Mark Wainberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Weiss_(neurobiologist)" title="Samuel Weiss (neurobiologist)">Samuel Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Worton" title="Ronald Worton">Ronald Worton</a> <b>Y</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Marguerite_d%27Youville" title="Marie-Marguerite d'Youville">Marie-Marguerite d'Youville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Yusuf" title="Salim Yusuf">Salim Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369668#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369668#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369668#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108897447">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/39441717">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/39560/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrCfYJ7cWWYGhqcwyR9Xd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118787268">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79081429">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12292131p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12292131p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00451887">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Osler, William <Sir>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/IEIV035859">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36134940">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000091304&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX967572">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/49666">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068157495">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90352717">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=249376">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9djhgh57zqntw">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810592993605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/189554">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266114605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517812106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14820431">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0065543X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:osler.william">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1218055">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118787268.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118787268">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031767133">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vm4bcc">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&oldid=1257759910">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Osler&oldid=1257759910</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:William_Osler" title="Category:William Osler">William 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