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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy_by_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Renewable_electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Renewable electricity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solar_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Solar power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solar_hot_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar_hot_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Solar hot water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar_hot_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bioenergy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bioenergy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Bioenergy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bioenergy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biomass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biomass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Biomass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biomass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pumped_Energy_Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pumped_Energy_Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pumped Energy Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pumped_Energy_Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Renewable_Energy_by_Melanie_Maecker-Tursun_V1_bgGreen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_Renewable_Energy_by_Melanie_Maecker-Tursun_V1_bgGreen.svg/120px-Logo_Renewable_Energy_by_Melanie_Maecker-Tursun_V1_bgGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_Renewable_Energy_by_Melanie_Maecker-Tursun_V1_bgGreen.svg/180px-Logo_Renewable_Energy_by_Melanie_Maecker-Tursun_V1_bgGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_Renewable_Energy_by_Melanie_Maecker-Tursun_V1_bgGreen.svg/240px-Logo_Renewable_Energy_by_Melanie_Maecker-Tursun_V1_bgGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon-neutral_fuel" title="Carbon-neutral fuel">Carbon-neutral fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosswind_kite_power" title="Crosswind kite power">Crosswind kite power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">Geothermal energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_heating" title="Geothermal heating">Geothermal heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">Geothermal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Run-of-the-river_hydroelectricity" title="Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity">Run-of-the-river</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">Hydropower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_hydro" title="Micro hydro">Micro hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_hydro" title="Pico hydro">Pico hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">Small hydro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_current_power" title="Marine current power">Marine current power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_energy" title="Marine energy">Marine energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion" title="Ocean thermal energy conversion">Ocean thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmotic_power" title="Osmotic power">Osmotic power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">Solar energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">Solar power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_biofuel" title="Sustainable biofuel">Sustainable biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_power" title="Tidal power">Tidal power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_stream_generator" title="Tidal stream generator">Tidal stream generator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_power" title="Wave power">Wave power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_proposed_as_renewable_energy" title="Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy">Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_energy_topics_by_country_and_territory" title="List of renewable energy topics by country and territory">Topics by country and territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Marketing and policy trends</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renewable_energy_sources" title="Template:Renewable energy sources"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Renewable_energy_sources" title="Template talk:Renewable energy sources"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable_energy_sources" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable energy sources"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geothermal_drilling_at_Te_Mihi_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Geothermal_drilling_at_Te_Mihi_NZ.jpg/220px-Geothermal_drilling_at_Te_Mihi_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Geothermal_drilling_at_Te_Mihi_NZ.jpg/330px-Geothermal_drilling_at_Te_Mihi_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Geothermal_drilling_at_Te_Mihi_NZ.jpg/440px-Geothermal_drilling_at_Te_Mihi_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2507" /></a><figcaption>Geothermal drilling at Te Mihi, New Zealand</figcaption></figure> <p>Approximately 44% of primary energy (Heat and power) is from renewable energy sources in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Energy2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Energy2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 87% of electricity comes from renewable energy,<sup id="cite_ref-Energy2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Energy2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Hydroelectric power in New Zealand">hydropower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Geothermal power in New Zealand">geothermal power</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renewable_energy_by_type">Renewable energy by type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Renewable energy by type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewable_electricity">Renewable electricity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Renewable electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Renewable_electricity_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable electricity in New Zealand">Renewable electricity in New Zealand</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Renewable_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable electricity">Renewable electricity</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> is primarily from <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a>. In 2022, 87% of the electricity generated in New Zealand came from renewable sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Energy2023_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Energy2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2007, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> announced a national target of 90 percent renewable electricity by 2025, with <a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind energy</a> to make up much of that increase.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solar_power">Solar power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Solar power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Solar power in New Zealand">Solar power in New Zealand</a></div><p>Solar technologies in New Zealand only became affordable alternatives in the mid-2010s, compared to previous renewable offerings. The uptake in the residential and commercial market, though slow, has increased steadily. As with all renewable options, price of generation is key to investment in the sector. It is only such changes in pricing that may see solar generation plants in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is concern in New Zealand about the negative environmental impact of large-scale solar generation sites. <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand">Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand</a> advocates for household solar projects to be given priority over large scale commercial projects, citing concern that commercial solar, while renewable, is not necessarily sustainable.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservation organization <a href="/wiki/Forest_%26_Bird" title="Forest & Bird">Forest & Bird</a> has formally objected to a large-scale solar proposal on environmental grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solar_hot_water">Solar hot water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Solar hot water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solar_hot_water_in_New_Zealand" title="Solar hot water in New Zealand">Solar hot water in New Zealand</a></div> <p>Installation of <a href="/wiki/Solar_hot_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar hot water">solar hot water</a> heating systems is increasing in New Zealand due in part to government incentive schemes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bioenergy">Bioenergy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bioenergy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_New_Zealand" title="Biofuel in New Zealand">Biofuel in New Zealand</a></div> <p>According to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bioenergy.org.nz/">New Zealand Bioenergy Association</a>, more than 10 percent of New Zealand's energy currently comes from bioenergy.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bioethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioethanol">bioethanol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> (generally in the form of wood) are all used in New Zealand as a source of renewable energy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biomass">Biomass</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biomass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Zealand is rich in biomass from wood and waste which can be used as fuel. Biomass is sourced primarily from in-forest and <a href="/wiki/Wood_processing" title="Wood processing">wood processing</a> residues and municipal wood waste. This can be processed into pellets, chip or hog fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wood fuels are sustainable and carbon-neutral<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can provide New Zealand with a greener economy, less dependent on fossil fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment data <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shows wood fuel is the cleanest energy consumed for industrial process heat by a large margin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bioenergy Association of New Zealand has investigated the potential for greenhouse gas reduction brought about by switching from fossil fuel to wood biomass for industrial heat.<sup id="cite_ref-bioenergy.org.nz_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioenergy.org.nz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It assessed that by 2050 New Zealand could more than double 2017 biomass energy supply, providing up to 27% of NZ's energy needs and realising a 15% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-bioenergy.org.nz_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioenergy.org.nz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milk processing provides current examples of biomass use in industry: </p> <ul><li>reducing coal use, through co-firing <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>replacing coal use<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Biomass is also used for heating in hospitals, schools and universities.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pumped_Energy_Storage">Pumped Energy Storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pumped Energy Storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the water in lakes used for hydro-electricity runs low, coal and gas fired power stations have been used to make up the shortfall.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 the Ardern government invested $11.5 million to investigate the feasibility of storing energy by pumping water to Lake Onslow in Central Otago. The lake could store up to 8 terawatt-hours of electricity or approximately one fifth of the country's consumption. The pumping would use power when it is plentiful and cheap, including wind power. Critics have argued that the scheme could upset the market by placing a cap on electricity prices.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy commercialisation">Renewable energy commercialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Solar power in New Zealand">Solar power in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Wind power in New Zealand">Wind power in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Ocean power in New Zealand">Ocean power in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Geothermal power in New Zealand">Geothermal power in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_New_Zealand" title="Biofuel in New Zealand">Biofuel in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Hydroelectric power in New Zealand">Hydroelectric power in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_hot_water_in_New_Zealand" title="Solar hot water in New Zealand">Solar hot water in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy by country">Renewable energy by country</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Energy2023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Energy2023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Energy2023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Energy2023_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times+Online+News&rft.atitle=Woodchips+cleaning+up+Uni+heating&rft.date=2019-06-22&rft.aulast=McPhee&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Fwoodchips-cleaning-uni-heating&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/444472/new-zealand-s-use-of-coal-for-electricity-generation-surges">"Coal for electricity"</a>. rnz.co.nz. 11 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coal+for+electricity&rft.pub=rnz.co.nz&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F444472%2Fnew-zealand-s-use-of-coal-for-electricity-generation-surges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/otago/128651393/pumped-storage-a-gamechanger-for-new-zealands-electricity-needs">"Pumped storage"</a>. Stuff. 16 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pumped+storage&rft.pub=Stuff&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fotago%2F128651393%2Fpumped-storage-a-gamechanger-for-new-zealands-electricity-needs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/125013458/power-woes-we-need-a-solution-or-we-are-going-to-wreck-our-economy">"Power woes"</a>. Stuff. 9 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Power+woes&rft.pub=Stuff&rft.date=2021-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2F125013458%2Fpower-woes-we-need-a-solution-or-we-are-going-to-wreck-our-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Renewable energy in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kenya" title="Renewable energy in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Morocco" title="Renewable energy in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Seychelles" title="Renewable energy in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_South_Africa" title="Renewable energy in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Afghanistan" title="Renewable energy in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bhutan" title="Renewable energy in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brunei" title="Renewable energy in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India" title="Renewable energy in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Renewable energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nepal" title="Renewable energy in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Pakistan" title="Renewable energy in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Palestine" title="Renewable energy in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Renewable energy in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Taiwan" title="Renewable energy in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Thailand" title="Renewable energy in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_European_Union" title="Renewable energy in the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Austria" title="Renewable energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Renewable energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus#Renewable_energy" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Denmark" title="Renewable energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Finland" title="Renewable energy in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_France" title="Renewable energy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany" title="Renewable energy in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Greece" title="Renewable energy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Hungary" title="Renewable energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Lithuania" title="Renewable energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Renewable energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Portugal" title="Renewable energy in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Spain" title="Renewable energy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Armenia" title="Renewable energy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Belarus" title="Renewable energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Norway" title="Renewable energy in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland#Renewable_energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ukraine" title="Renewable energy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Canada" title="Renewable energy in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Costa_Rica" title="Renewable energy in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Honduras" title="Renewable energy in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Mexico" title="Renewable energy in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australia" title="Renewable energy in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Renewable energy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_French_Polynesia" title="Renewable energy in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Tuvalu" title="Renewable energy in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brazil" title="Renewable energy in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Chile" title="Renewable energy in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Colombia" title="Renewable energy in Colombia">Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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