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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Style of address</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_of_address-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_royal_style_and_titles_of_Canadian_sovereigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_royal_style_and_titles_of_Canadian_sovereigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The royal style and titles of Canadian sovereigns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_royal_style_and_titles_of_Canadian_sovereigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles_bestowed_by_Indigenous_peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_bestowed_by_Indigenous_peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Titles bestowed by Indigenous peoples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_bestowed_by_Indigenous_peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/80px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/120px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/160px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="2362" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none; font-size:88%;"> This article is part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Category:Monarchy of Canada">series</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0px 5px 5px 5px;border-top:1px solid #CC0000; font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Canadian monarchical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">Sovereigns of Canada and their consorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy by provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">BC</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">AB</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">SK</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">MB</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Ontario" title="Monarchy in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Quebec" title="Monarchy in Quebec">QC</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Brunswick" title="Monarchy in New Brunswick">NB</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">NS</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Monarchy in Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Monarchy in Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroys</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">List of governors general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant Governor (Canada)">Lieutenant governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Canadian_lieutenant_governors_and_commissioners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Canadian lieutenant governors and commissioners">LGs by provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_British_Columbia" title="List of lieutenant governors of British Columbia">BC</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Alberta" title="List of lieutenant governors of Alberta">AB</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of lieutenant governors of Saskatchewan">SK</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Manitoba" title="List of lieutenant governors of Manitoba">MB</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Ontario" title="List of lieutenant governors of Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Quebec" title="List of lieutenant governors of Quebec">QC</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of lieutenant governors of New Brunswick">NB</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">NS</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_Houses_in_Canada" title="Government Houses in Canada">Residences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#Federal_residences_and_royal_household" title="Monarchy of Canada">household</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec#Royal_and_viceregal_residence" title="Citadelle of Quebec">La Citadelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House" title="Government House">Provincial residences or offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(British_Columbia)" title="Government House (British Columbia)">BC</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Alberta)" title="Government House (Alberta)">AB</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Saskatchewan)" title="Government House (Saskatchewan)">SK</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Manitoba)" title="Government House (Manitoba)">MB</a> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Legislative_Building#Lieutenant_Governor's_Suite" title="Ontario Legislative Building">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89difice_Andr%C3%A9-Laurendeau" title="Édifice André-Laurendeau">QC</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_Brunswick)" title="Government House (New Brunswick)">NB</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Government House (Nova Scotia)">NS</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Prince_Edward_Island)" title="Government House (Prince Edward Island)">PE</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Government House (Newfoundland and Labrador)">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Secretary_to_the_King" title="Canadian Secretary to the King">Secretary to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Secretary to the Governor General of Canada">Secretary to the Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police#Personal_Protection_Group" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">RCMP Personal Protection Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Royal" title="Chapel Royal">Chapels royal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">King-on-the-Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_(law)" title="Peace (law)">King's peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Canadian Armed Forces">Crown and the Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_monarchy_in_Canada" title="Debate on the monarchy in Canada">Monarchical debate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Canada" title="Law of Canada">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_royal_commissions" title="List of Canadian royal commissions">Royal commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporation" title="Crown corporation">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">Symbols</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Canadian royal symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Canada" title="Great Seal of Canada">Great Seal of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Royal Coat of Arms of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada" title="Royal eponyms in Canada">Royal eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_monuments_in_Canada" title="Royal monuments in Canada">Royal monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_patronage" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage">Royal patronage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_prefix" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix">Royal prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#Dominion_of_Canada,_Victorian_period" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Royal stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swans" title="Royal Swans">Royal Swans</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related links</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Style and title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrones_of_Canada" title="Thrones of Canada">Thrones of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Royal" title="Chapel Royal">Chapels Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada" title="Royal tours of Canada">Royal tours of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada" title="Royal standards of Canada">Royal standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Royal anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_toast" title="Loyal toast">Loyal toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day" title="Victoria Day">Victoria Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Day" title="Coronation Day">Coronation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent" title="Canadian Coronation Contingent">Coronation Contingent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria#Golden_and_Diamond_Jubilees" title="Queen Victoria">Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_George_V" title="Silver Jubilee of George V">Silver Jubilee of George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchy_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Template:Monarchy of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchy_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Template talk:Monarchy of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchy_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchy of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>style and title of the Canadian sovereign</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Formal_mode_of_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal mode of address">formal mode of address</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Canada">monarch of Canada</a>. The form is based on those that were inherited from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. As various Canadian territories changed ownership and then the country gradually gained independence, the <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style</a> and <a href="/wiki/Title#Titles_for_heads_of_state" title="Title">title</a> of the monarchs changed almost as often as the kings and queens themselves. The mode of address currently employed is a combination of a style that originates in the early 17th century and a title established by Canadian law in 2024. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_style_and_titles">Current style and titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current style and titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Charles_III" title="List of titles and honours of Charles III">List of titles and honours of Charles III</a></div> <p>In 2023, months after the accession of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canadian Parliament</a> passed the <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Style_and_Titles_Act#Canada" title="Royal Style and Titles Act">Royal Style and Titles Act</a></i>, providing for the Parliament's consent to the issuance of a royal proclamation changing the monarch's style and title in relation to Canada. The relevant royal proclamation was issued on 8 January 2024, and since then the sovereign's style and titles in Canada are, in <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a>: </p> <div style="padding:1px; text-align:left; margin:auto; border:1px solid #7BA05B; color:#000000; width:70%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Charles the Third, by the Grace of God King of Canada and His other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth.</i><sup id="cite_ref-ciiir_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciiir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></div> <p>And in <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">French</a>: </p> <div style="padding:1px; text-align:left; margin:auto; border:1px solid #7BA05B; color:#000000; width:70%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Charles Trois, par la grâce de Dieu, Roi du Canada et de ses autres royaumes et territoires, Chef du Commonwealth.</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></div> <p>The style and titles were composed to distinctly mention <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> so as to highlight the monarch's shared status, being both monarch of Canada and, separately, <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">of the United Kingdom</a>, as well as the 13 other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>; with emphasis showing the distinct title <i>King of Canada</i> as embedded in the longer formal title.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When composed in 1953, this format was consistent with the monarch's titles in her other realms. Canada removed the reference to the United Kingdom in 2024. </p><p>The monarch is typically addressed by the title <i>King of Canada</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is expected to allude to himself as King of Canada when in or acting abroad on behalf of the country. For example, Elizabeth II said in 1973, "it is as Queen of Canada that I am here; Queen of Canada and of all Canadians, not just of one or two ancestral strains." Since the title was adopted, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">federal government</a> has promoted its use as a signifier of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_sovereignty" title="Canadian sovereignty">Canada's sovereign</a> and independent status;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> said of the title in 1957, "the Queen of Canada is a term which we like to use because it utterly represents her role on this occasion."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:123px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_$0.05_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Canada_%240.05_1937.jpg/248px-Canada_%240.05_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Canada_%240.05_1937.jpg/372px-Canada_%240.05_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Canada_%240.05_1937.jpg/496px-Canada_%240.05_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:123px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_$0.05_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Canada_%240.05_1967.jpg/248px-Canada_%240.05_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Canada_%240.05_1967.jpg/372px-Canada_%240.05_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Canada_%240.05_1967.jpg/496px-Canada_%240.05_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Canadian coins bearing the words <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">D.G. Rex</i></span> for King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> (top) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">D.G. Regina</i></span> for Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (below)</div></div></div></div> <p>The title is also included in the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Canada)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Canada)">Oath of Allegiance</a>, which forms a part of the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Citizenship_(Canada)" title="Oath of Citizenship (Canada)">Oath of Citizenship</a>, and can be found as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Elizabeth II <a href="/wiki/Dei_Gratia_Regina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dei Gratia Regina">Dei Gratia Regina</a> Canada</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'Elizabeth II by the Grace of God Queen, Canada') on the obverse of various medals in the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Canada" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada">Canadian honours system</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this wording is expected to change in light of the accession of Charles III. </p><p>Also, while the sovereign holds the nominal title <i><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">head of the Commonwealth</a></i>, this does not imply any political power over member states of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. In keeping, however, with the declaration of the prime ministers of the Commonwealth in London in 1949 of "the King as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and, as such, the Head of the Commonwealth," the title will pass to the next monarch upon the <a href="/wiki/Demise_of_the_Crown" title="Demise of the Crown">demise of the Crown</a> and in fact did so in 1952 and 2022, though any future change is not a guaranteed certainty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_of_address">Style of address</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style of address"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_honorifics" title="Canadian honorifics">Canadian honorifics</a></div> <p>The use of the styles of address <i>Highness</i> and <i>Majesty</i> <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_address_in_the_United_Kingdom#Royalty" title="Forms of address in the United Kingdom">originated in the United Kingdom</a>, where they were used from the 12th century onward. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James VI and I</a>. However, <i>Majesty</i> became the official style, to the exclusion of all others, and it was then brought to <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> during colonial times through usage in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarch</a>, who then had sovereignty over the <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">colonies on that continent</a>. Its usage has continued since Canada became a realm in its own right in 1867 and,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a process of constitutional evolution ending with full sovereignty from the United Kingdom, is now applied to the Canadian monarch. Unlike in the United Kingdom, where the sovereign is referred to in <a href="/wiki/Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaties">treaties</a> and on British <a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">passports</a> as <i>His Britannic Majesty</i>, the sovereign in Canada is referred to simply as <i>His Majesty</i> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Sa Majesté</i></span>). Still, from time to time, the style will be <i>His Canadian Majesty</i>, so as to differentiate from foreign sovereigns.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian styles of address are officially maintained by the Department of Canadian Heritage's Protocol Office.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Titles" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm § Titles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Diamond_Jubilee_Portrait_of_the_Queen_of_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Official_Diamond_Jubilee_Portrait_of_the_Queen_of_Canada.jpg/220px-Official_Diamond_Jubilee_Portrait_of_the_Queen_of_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5f/Official_Diamond_Jubilee_Portrait_of_the_Queen_of_Canada.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, the first Canadian monarch to be titled <i>Queen of Canada</i> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1952–2022</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>, Prime Minister of Canada <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>, having been denied the name <i>Kingdom of Canada</i> for the new country, was repeatedly heard to refer to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> as the queen of Canada and,<sup id="cite_ref-Bousfield76_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bousfield76-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similarly, in the lead up to the <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> in 1902, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a> desired to have the words <i>king of Canada</i> included in the royal title by the time of the ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-Bousfield76_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bousfield76-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This wish was not fulfilled, however, and Canada inherited the full British title when the country gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Marquis" title="Eugène Marquis">Eugène Marquis</a> in 1945 tabled a motion in the House of Commons proposing that a change to the King's title be a subject of discussion at the next <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Conference" title="Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference">Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference</a>; Marquis suggested that the title include each of the King's <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a>, giving him the designation <i>king of Canada</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, the motion did not pass and it was only in 1948 that that form of address changed, when the Canadian Parliament passed in 1947 its own <i>Royal Style and Titles Act</i> and an <a href="/wiki/Order-in-council" class="mw-redirect" title="Order-in-council">order-in-council</a> was issued on 22 June the following year to remove the term <i><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">emperor of India</a></i> from the sovereign's Canadian title.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1949, it was suggested by Cabinet that the King's title be altered so that, in Canada, it would be <i>George the Sixth, by the Grace of God, of Canada and the other nations of the British Commonwealth, King</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-PCO3498_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCO3498-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, again, nothing came of the proposal. At the time, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_Robertson" title="Robert Gordon Robertson">Robert Gordon Robertson</a>, then a member of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Cabinet">Cabinet</a> Secretariat, opined that Canadians would not like the title <i>King of Canada</i>, as "most Canadians [...] have not thought of themselves as citizens of either a republic or a monarchy."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, in 1950, when <a href="/wiki/William_Ferdinand_Alphonse_Turgeon" title="William Ferdinand Alphonse Turgeon">William Ferdinand Alphonse Turgeon</a> was sent to Ireland as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian ambassadors and high commissioners to Ireland">Canada's ambassador</a>, the Cabinet wished to have George VI referred to in the <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_credence" title="Letter of credence">letters of credence</a> as <i>King of Canada</i>. The King's secretaries objected strongly, claiming the monarch had only one title in law and Turgeon's letters eventually used George's full legal title, which referred to him as sovereign of Great Britain and "Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_(January_1965).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg/220px-Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg/330px-Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg/440px-Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada#Proclamation" title="Flag of Canada">royal proclamation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">National Flag</a>, issued in 1965, with the full title of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, in both French and English at top</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II">proclamations of Elizabeth II's accession to the throne</a> in February 1952 differed between Canada and the United Kingdom; in the latter, the new queen was referred to unconventionally as <i>Queen Elizabeth II by the Grace of God, Queen of this Realm, and of Her other Realms and Territories</i>, while the Canadian Privy Council adhered to the letter of the law, calling the sovereign <i>Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discrepancies between independent countries sharing one person as sovereign prompted discussions among the Commonwealth prime ministers before a meeting in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, in December 1952; Canada's then-prime minister, Louis St. Laurent, stated that it was important a new composition for the royal title be agreed upon by all realms involved, to "emphasise the fact that the Queen is Queen of Canada, regardless of her sovereignty over other Commonwealth countries." Canada's preferred format was <i>Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith</i>; the Canadian government preferred to keep the word <i>queen</i> next to <i>Canada</i>, as it made the sovereign's role as monarch of Canada more clear than having <i>queen</i> follow several words on after the country's name.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> ministers wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen's titles,<sup id="cite_ref-PCO3498_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCO3498-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as, for the first time, reference to Canada and the other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> separately. Although the Queen's Canadian titles included <i>defender of the faith</i>/<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">défenseur de la foi</i></span>, neither the monarch nor any of the viceroys had an official religious role in Canada. Unlike in the United Kingdom, where the term (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Fidei_defensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidei defensor">fidei defensor</a></i></span>, in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) signifies the sovereign's position as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">supreme governor of the Church of England</a> and a member and defender of the security of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>, there have been no <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established churches</a> in Canada since before <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">its confederation</a> in 1867. "Defender of the faith", thus, had a more vague meaning in the Canadian title, alluding only to the monarch's belief in a higher power. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">Louis St. Laurent</a> stated on this matter in his 1953 contribution to the debate on the <i>Royal Style and Titles Act</i> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Hans_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hans-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"the rather more delicate question arose about the retention of the words defender of the faith [...] In our countries [Canada and the other non-British monarchies of the Commonwealth], there are no established churches. But, in our countries there are people who have faith in the direction of human affairs by an all-wise providence; and we felt that it was a good thing that the civil authorities would proclaim that their organization is such that it is a defence of the continued beliefs in a supreme power that orders the affairs of mere men and that there could be no reasonable objection from anyone who believed in the supreme being in having the sovereign, the head of the civil authority, described as a believer in and a defender of the faith in a supreme ruler."</p></blockquote> <p>When the <i>Royal Style and Titles Act</i> of 1953 was debated in the House of Commons, St. Laurent asserted on the nature of the separate and shared characteristics of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>, "Her Majesty is now Queen of Canada but she is the Queen of Canada because she is Queen of the United Kingdom [...] It is not a separate office."<sup id="cite_ref-Hans_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hans-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canadian Parliament</a> passed the act,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing for the Parliament's consent to the issuance of a royal proclamation changing the monarch's title being then used. The relevant royal proclamation was issued on 28 May 1953,<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_Proclamation_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_Proclamation-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just days before <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II">her coronation</a>. The new legislation conferred publicly and legally the reality of a unique <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> for Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-PT_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PT-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby fulfilling the vision of the Fathers of Confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title of the Canadian sovereign was discussed intermittently through the end of the 20th and early 21st centuries, always ending up "on hold".<sup id="cite_ref-Chartrand_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chartrand-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By spring of 2023, between the accession of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> and his coronation, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">federal Cabinet</a> introduced a bill changing the monarch's title by dropping the reference to the United Kingdom and the phrase <i>Defender of the Faith</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Chartrand" title="Philippe Chartrand">Philippe Chartrand</a>, writing in the <i><a href="/wiki/Western_Standard" title="Western Standard">Western Standard</a></i>, said this would help "clarify the distinct role of Charles III as King of Canada—constitutionally and legally independent from his role as King of the United Kingdom" and "part of the evolution of the Canadian Crown as a distinctly Canadian institution".<sup id="cite_ref-Chartrand_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chartrand-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill received royal assent on 22 June 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A royal proclamation of the new title was signed on 8 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-ciiir_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciiir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of October 2024, Prince Edward Island continues to issue proclamations referring to the United Kingdom and to Defender of the Faith.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ontario continued this practice until late August 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_royal_style_and_titles_of_Canadian_sovereigns">The royal style and titles of Canadian sovereigns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The royal style and titles of Canadian sovereigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">From </th> <th width="45%">Title </th> <th width="25%">Amending law </th> <th width="15%">Monarchs </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 July 1867 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 April 1876 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Titles_Act_1876" title="Royal Titles Act 1876">Royal Titles Act 1876</a></i> (UK) </td> <td>Victoria </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 January 1901 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">Common law</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 November 1901 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Titles_Act_1901" title="Royal Titles Act 1901">Royal Titles Act 1901</a></i> (UK) </td> <td>Edward VII<br /><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 May 1927 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_Parliamentary_Titles_Act_1927" title="Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927">Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927</a></i> (UK) </td> <td>George V<br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 June 1948 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Style_and_Titles_Act#Canada" title="Royal Style and Titles Act">The Royal Style and Titles Act (Canada), 1947</a></i> (Can) </td> <td>George VI </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 February 1952 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">Common law</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 May 1953 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Style_and_Titles_Act#Canada" title="Royal Style and Titles Act">Royal Style and Titles Act</a></i> (Can) </td> <td>Elizabeth II </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 September 2022 </td> <td>By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and His other Realms and Territories King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith </td> <td>Common law </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 January 2024 </td> <td>By the Grace of God King of Canada and His other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Style_and_Titles_Act#Canada" title="Royal Style and Titles Act">Royal Style and Titles Act, 2023</a></i> (Can) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles_bestowed_by_Indigenous_peoples">Titles bestowed by Indigenous peoples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Titles bestowed by Indigenous peoples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada</a></div> <p>During treaty negotiations between <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> and agents of the British Crown in the late 1700s and early 1800s, the term <i>Great Father</i> came to be used to refer to King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was revived as the <a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">Numbered Treaties</a> were being formed during the latter quarter of the 19th century, when Queen Victoria was spoken of in familial terms such as <i>the Great Queen Mother</i> and <i>the Great White Mother</i>, as the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples</a> understood the agreements to exist within a framework of kinship. (The informal titles, used in conjunction with the phrase <i>Indian children</i> for the aboriginals, were originally neither intended nor taken as an indication of Indigenous inferiority; though, they were later misinterpreted by Canadian government officials as such.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Victoria's great-grandson, Edward, The Prince of Wales (later King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a>) was given the title <i>Morning Star</i> by Chief Little Thunder when he was invested as a chief of the <a href="/wiki/Nakoda_people" title="Nakoda people">Nakoda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kainai_Nation" title="Kainai Nation">Kainai</a> nations in <a href="/wiki/Banff,_Alberta" title="Banff, Alberta">Banff, Alberta</a>, in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II,_1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_1959.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_1959.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_1959.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> visiting with the <a href="/wiki/Salish_peoples" title="Salish peoples">Salish peoples</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo" title="Nanaimo">Nanaimo</a>, British Columbia, July 1959</figcaption></figure> <p>During a lengthy meeting with the <a href="/wiki/Salish_peoples" title="Salish peoples">Salish peoples</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo" title="Nanaimo">Nanaimo</a>, British Columbia, while on her royal tour of Canada in 1959, Queen Elizabeth II was granted by the Salish leaders the title <i>Mother of All People</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth's son, Charles III, as heir to the throne, was given a number of titles by various tribes: In 1976, the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>) bestowed on him the title <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Attaniout Ikeneego</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuktitut language">Inuktitut</a> for 'the Son of the Big Boss'), which loosely translates to 'heir apparent',<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, the following year, the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> bestowed upon him the title <span title="Blackfoot-language text"><i lang="bla-Latn">Mekaisto</i></span>, meaning 'Chief Red Crow'.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ojibway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibway">Ojibway</a> students in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> named Charles <i>Leading Star</i> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cree in <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> honoured the Prince with the title <span title="Cree-language text"><i lang="cr-Latn">Kīsikāwipīsimwa miyo ōhcikanawāpamik</i></span>, which translates as 'The Sun Watches Over Him in a Good Way'.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellegarde_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellegarde-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief <a href="/wiki/Perry_Bellegarde" title="Perry Bellegarde">Perry Bellegarde</a> described this as echoing "the language of the Numbered Treaties" and to invoke "one of our most important teachings. [...] Grandfather Sun watches over all of us [...] We are all related, and we all depend on each other." The title was given to Charles in 2001 by Elder, Chief, and Sun Dance leader Gordon Oakes during ceremonies in <a href="/wiki/Wanuskewin_Heritage_Park" title="Wanuskewin Heritage Park">Wanuskewin Heritage Park</a>, marking the 125th anniversary of the signing of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_6" title="Treaty 6">Treaty 6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellegarde_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellegarde-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign" title="Style of the British sovereign">Style of the British sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">Style of the French sovereign</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ciiir-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciiir_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciiir_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2024/2024-01-31/html/si-tr4-eng.html">"Proclamation Establishing for Canada the Royal Style and Titles: SI/2024-4"</a>. <i>Canada Gazette</i>. 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canada+Gazette&rft.atitle=Proclamation+Establishing+for+Canada+the+Royal+Style+and+Titles%3A+SI%2F2024-4&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazette.gc.ca%2Frp-pr%2Fp2%2F2024%2F2024-01-31%2Fhtml%2Fsi-tr4-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStyle+and+title+of+the+Canadian+sovereign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Standard&rft.atitle=Even+if+no+longer+defender+of+the+faith%2C+the+Crown+still+defends+Canadian+values&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft.aulast=Chartrand&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westernstandard.news%2Fopinion%2Fchartrand-even-if-no-longer-defender-of-the-faith-the-crown-still-defends-canadian-values%2Farticle_d29e0ad4-e440-11ed-9e71-0b02d8fda693.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStyle+and+title+of+the+Canadian+sovereign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf2023" class="citation cs2">Woolf, Marie (19 April 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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R-12)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5658.asp">Buckingham Palace: The Royal Family: Style and Titles of the Queen</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Lieutenant governors in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of British Columbia">BC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_British_Columbia" title="List of lieutenant governors of British Columbia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Alberta">AB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Alberta" title="List of lieutenant governors of Alberta">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan">SK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of lieutenant governors of Saskatchewan">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Manitoba">MB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Manitoba" title="List of lieutenant governors of Manitoba">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Ontario">ON</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Ontario" title="List of lieutenant governors of Ontario">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Quebec">QC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Quebec" title="List of lieutenant governors of Quebec">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New Brunswick">NB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of lieutenant governors of New Brunswick">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">NS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">Territorial Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Vice-Regal_Appointments" title="Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments">Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitutional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">King-on-the-Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_(law)" title="Peace (law)">King's peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces">The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright#Canada" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Consent" title="King's Consent">King's Consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_royal_commissions" title="List of Canadian royal commissions">Royal commissions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial and symbolic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapels_Royal#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapels Royal">Chapels Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada" title="Royal tours of Canada">Royal tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(18th%E2%80%9320th_centuries)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (18th–20th centuries)">1786–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(21st_century)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (21st century)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch" title="Special address by the British monarch">Special address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Canadian_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Style of the Canadian sovereign">Title and style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrones_of_Canada" title="Thrones of Canada">Thrones of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent" title="Canadian Coronation Contingent">Canadian Coronation Contingent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Secretary_to_the_King" title="Canadian Secretary to the King">Canadian Secretary to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">History of monarchy in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_monarchy_in_Canada" title="Debate on the monarchy in Canada">Debate on the monarchy in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" title="Template:Imperial, royal, and noble styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" title="Template talk:Imperial, royal, and noble styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial, royal, and noble styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial, royal, and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble styles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Forms of address</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Nəgusä Nägäst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkosi" title="Nkosi">Nkosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_(style)" title="Holiness (style)">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Majesty" title="Imperial and Royal Majesty">Imperial and Royal Majesty</a> (HI&RM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Most_Faithful_Majesty" title="Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty">Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Majesty" title="Imperial Majesty">Imperial Majesty</a> (HIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Majesty" title="Apostolic Majesty">Apostolic Majesty</a> (HAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Catholicissimus" title="Rex Catholicissimus">Catholic Majesty</a> (HCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign#Most_Christian_King" title="Style of the French sovereign">Most Christian Majesty</a> (HMCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Faithful_Majesty" title="Most Faithful Majesty">Most Faithful Majesty</a> (HFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Majesty" title="Orthodox Majesty">Orthodox Majesty</a> (HOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannic_Majesty" title="Britannic Majesty">Britannic Majesty</a> (HBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Excellent_Majesty" title="Most Excellent Majesty">Most Excellent Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Gracious_Majesty" title="Most Gracious Majesty">Most Gracious Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">Royal Majesty</a> (HRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">Majesty</a> (HM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_(style)" title="Grace (style)">Grace</a> (HG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a> (HRH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monseigneur" title="Monseigneur">Monseigneur</a> (Msgr)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="His Eminence">Most Eminent Highness</a> (HMEH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exalted_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="Exalted Highness">Exalted Highness</a> (HEH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">Highness</a> (HH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">Serene Highness</a> (HSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Highness" title="Illustrious Highness">Illustrious Highness</a> (HIll.H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> (HE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">Most Excellent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Illustrious" title="The Most Illustrious">Most Illustrious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochgeboren" title="Hochgeboren">Hochgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochwohlgeboren" title="Hochwohlgeboren">Hochwohlgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wohlgeboren" title="Wohlgeboren">Wohlgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Much_Honoured" title="The Much Honoured">Much Honoured</a> (The Much Hon.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milord" title="Milord">Milord</a> (Millourt)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pater_Patriae" title="Pater Patriae">Pater Patriae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(title)" title="Augustus (title)">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastos" title="Sebastos">Sebastos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominus_(title)" title="Dominus (title)">Dominus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mepe" title="Mepe">Mepe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Highness" title="Imperial and Royal Highness">Imperial and Royal Highness</a> (HI&RH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Highness" title="Imperial Highness">Imperial Highness</a> (HIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a> (HRH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Highness" title="Grand Ducal Highness">Grand Ducal Highness</a> (HGDH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">Highness</a> (HH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducal_Serene_Highness" title="Ducal Serene Highness">Ducal Serene Highness</a> (HDSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">Serene Highness</a> (HSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(style)" title="Serenity (style)">Serenity</a> (HS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Highness" title="Illustrious Highness">Illustrious Highness</a> (HIll.H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_(style)" title="Grace (style)">Grace</a> (HG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> (HE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senhor" title="Senhor">Senhor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Most_Serene_Republic" title="Most Serene Republic">Most Serene Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghatur" title="Baghatur">Baghatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duli_Yang_Maha_Mulia" title="Duli Yang Maha Mulia">Duli Yang Maha Mulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">Great king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Mikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">Shogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hadrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanic_Highness" title="Sultanic Highness">Sultanic Highness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Georgian_sovereign" title="Style of the Georgian sovereign">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Dutch_sovereign" title="Style of the Dutch sovereign">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Portuguese_sovereign" title="Style of the Portuguese sovereign">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Serbian_sovereign" title="Style of the Serbian sovereign">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Swedish_sovereign" title="Style of the Swedish sovereign">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign" title="Style of the British sovereign">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign" title="Style of the Scottish sovereign">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">By the Grace of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a> (<i>Fidei defensor</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Defender of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Roman_Emperor" title="Last Roman Emperor">Great Catholic Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_sovereign_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current sovereign monarchs">List of current sovereign monarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent monarchs">List of current constituent monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_king" title="Sacred king">Sacred king</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Translatio_imperii" title="Translatio imperii">Translatio imperii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_title" title="Victory title">Victory title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> 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