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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88" title="جوزيف تيسو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوزيف تيسو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A6%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ёзаф Ціса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёзаф Ціса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%84_%D0%A6%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ёзэф Ціса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёзэф Ціса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Йозеф Тисо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йозеф Тисо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Tiso" title="Josef Tiso – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Josef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%86_%CE%A4%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF" title="Τζόζεφ Τίσο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζόζεφ Τίσο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88" title="یوزف تیسو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوزف تیسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84_%ED%8B%B0%EC%86%8C" title="요제프 티소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요제프 티소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A3_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95" title="יוזף טיסו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוזף טיסו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D" title="იოზეფ ტისო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოზეფ ტისო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Tiso" title="Iosephus Tiso – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Tiso" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozefs_Tiso" title="Jozefs Tiso – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jozefs Tiso" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88" title="چوزيف تيسو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چوزيف تيسو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%BC%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%BD" title="ヨゼフ・ティソ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨゼフ・ティソ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Йозеф Тисо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йозеф Тисо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE,_%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Тисо, Йозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тисо, Йозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Јозеф Тисо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јозеф Тисо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD" title="ยอเซ็ฟ ติซอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยอเซ็ฟ ติซอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jozef Tiso" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Josip_Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Josip Tito">Josip Tito</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;">The Reverend</div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jozef Tiso</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049,_Josef_Tiso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2490" data-file-height="3491" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Tiso, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1936</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 October 1939 – 4 April 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Tuka" title="Vojtech Tuka">Vojtech Tuka</a> (1939–1944)<br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Tiso" title="Štefan Tiso">Štefan Tiso</a> (1944–1945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Prime Minister of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Land_of_Slovakia" title="Autonomous Land of Slovakia">Autonomous Slovak Region</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 October 1938 – 9 March 1939</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Tuka" title="Vojtech Tuka">Vojtech Tuka</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister of Interior, Social Care and Health</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 December 1938 – 20 January 1939</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister of the Interior</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 October 1938 – 1 December 1938</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister of Health and Physical Education of <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 January 1927 – 8 October 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%A0r%C3%A1mek" title="Jan Šrámek">Jan Šrámek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jan Šrámek</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1887-10-13</span>)</span>13 October 1887<br /><a href="/wiki/Byt%C4%8Da" title="Bytča">Nagybiccse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 April 1947<span style="display:none">(1947-04-18)</span> (aged 59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Execution_by_hanging" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution by hanging">Execution by hanging</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1280115419">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlistoxford{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li,.mw-parser-output .andlist li,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .andlist li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:" and "}.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:", and "}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Politician</li><li><a href="/wiki/Cleric" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleric">cleric</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic priest">Catholic priest</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jozef_Tiso_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jozef Tiso's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jozef_Tiso_signature.svg/250px-Jozef_Tiso_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jozef_Tiso_signature.svg/330px-Jozef_Tiso_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jozef Gašpar Tiso</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Slovak pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">[ˈjɔzef<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtisɔ]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hungarian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈjoʒɛf<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtiso]</a></span>; 13 October 1887 – 18 April 1947) was a <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> politician and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic priest">Catholic priest</a> who served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">First Slovak Republic</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, from 1939 to 1945. In 1947, after the war, he was executed for treason in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born in 1887 to <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> parents in <a href="/wiki/Byt%C4%8Da" title="Bytča">Nagybiccse</a> (today Bytča), then part of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, Tiso studied several languages during his school career, including <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and German. He was introduced to priesthood from an early age, and helped combat local poverty and alcoholism in what is now Slovakia. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a> (<span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">Slovenská ľudová strana</i></span>) in 1918 and became party leader in 1938 following the death of <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Andrej Hlinka</a>. On 14 March 1939, the Slovak Assembly in Bratislava unanimously adopted Law 1/1939 transforming the autonomous Slovak Republic (that was until then part of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>) into an independent country. Two days after <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Czechoslovakia">seized the remainder of the Czech Lands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> was proclaimed. </p><p>Jozef Tiso, who was already the prime minister of the autonomous Slovakia (under <a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovak</a> laws), became the Slovak Republic's prime minister, and, in October 1939, he was elected its president. </p><p>Tiso <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborated</a> with Germany in deportations of Jews, deporting many <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Slovakia" title="History of the Jews in Slovakia">Slovak Jews</a> to <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a> in Germany and German-occupied Poland, while some Jews in Slovakia were murdered outright. Deportations were executed from 25 March 1942 until 20 October 1942. An anti-fascist partisan insurgency was waged, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a> in summer 1944, which was suppressed by German military authorities, with many of its leaders executed. Consequently, on 30 September 1944, deportations of Jews were renewed, with additional 13,500 deported. </p><p>When the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> overran the last parts of western Slovakia in April 1945, Tiso fled to <a href="/wiki/Austria_under_National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austria under National Socialism">Austria</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>, where American troops arrested him and then had him extradited back to the restored <a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a>, where he was convicted of high treason, betrayal of the national uprising and collaboration with the Nazis, and then <a href="/wiki/Execution_by_hanging" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution by hanging">executed by hanging</a> in 1947 and buried in Bratislava. In 2008, his remains were buried in the canonical crypt of the Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>, Slovakia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jozef Tiso was born in <a href="/wiki/Byt%C4%8Da" title="Bytča">Bytča</a> (then <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Nagybiccse</i>) to <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Catholic">Latin Catholic</a> parents, in <a href="/wiki/Trencs%C3%A9n_County" title="Trencsén County">Trencsén County</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>. He was raised in a religious family and studied at the local elementary school. Then, as a good student with a flair for languages, he studied at a lower <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDilina" title="Žilina">Žilina</a>. The school had clearly Hungarian spirit, since all Slovak grammar schools were closed at the time of his study. Here, he began to use the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> form of his name Tiszó József.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201322_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201322-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1902, he began to study at higher <a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarist</a> grammar school in <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>. The Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>, Imre Bende, offered him a chance to study for the priesthood at the prestigious Pázmáneum in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard201321_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard201321-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiso, taught by several elite professors, became familiar with various philosophies and the newest <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">papal encyclicals</a>. He also extended his language skills. Along with already known <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, he studied <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic dialects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic languages">Arabic</a>. The school reports describe him mostly as an "excellent", "exemplary", and "pious" student. Enrolling in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> in 1906, he was ordained a priest in 1910 and graduated as a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Theology" title="Doctor of Theology">Doctor of Theology</a> in 1911. </p><p>His early ministry was spent as an assistant priest in three <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> in today's Slovakia. Tiso was interested in public affairs and performed extensive educational and social work. During his fight against <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a>, he may also have adopted some stereotypical and simplified views on Slovak-Jewish relations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201326_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201326-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such views were not unusual in the contemporary society, including among priests or other people with higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201326_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201326-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He blamed the Jewish tavern owners for the rising alcoholism and he was also a member of self-help association selling food and clothing cheaper than the local Jewish store. Tiso became a member of Nép párt (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Catholic People's Party (Austria-Hungary)">Catholic People's Party</a>) and contributed to its Slovak journal Kresťan (Christian).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201326_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201326-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the World War I, he served as a field curate of the 71st infantry regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a> recruited mostly from Slovak soldiers. The regiment suffered heavy losses in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Galicia</a>. Tiso got first-hand experience with horrors of war, but also with <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> of the local population. Tiso was inspired by a better organization of the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian national movement</a>. Tiso's military career was ended by a serious kidney illness and he was released from the military service. He did not return to his parish in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1novce_nad_Bebravou" title="Bánovce nad Bebravou">Bánovce</a>, but he was appointed as the Spiritual Director of the Nitra seminary by Bende's successor, Vilmos Batthyány.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard201329–32_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard201329–32-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiso was also active at this time as a school teacher and journalist. He published his experiences from the war ("The Diary from the Northern Frontline"). In other articles written in a patriotic style, he emphasized the need for good military morale and discipline. However, this was nothing unusual, and it reflected a common style of the contemporary press, including a limited set of still printed Slovak newspapers. He also covered religious and educational topics, emphasizing a need for religious literature in Slovak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201330_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201330-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tiso did not belong to politicians active in the pre-war national movement and his pre-war national orientation has been frequently questioned. His political opponents tried to draw him as a <a href="/wiki/Magyaron" title="Magyaron">Magyarone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magyarization" title="Magyarization">Magyarized</a> Slovak) while some Slovak nationalists sought for proofs of his early national orientation. Both views are largely simplified. Tiso carefully avoided national self-categorization language, his behaviour might be framed in a "<a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">national indifference</a>" approach – a practice largely spread in Central Europe before 1918. His only criticism targeted the Jews. In some of his pre-1918 writings Tiso complained about the state hierarchy or the ruling Liberal party, but he never denounced the <a href="/wiki/Magyarization" title="Magyarization">Magyarisation</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">Magyar nationalism</a>. At the same time, he was more focused on social and religious activities among the Slovaks without revealing his ethnic or national self-identification. Most importantly, Tiso publicly acted as a loyal subject of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg dynasty</a>. Interestingly that his writings rather reveals that his identity was stronger linked to the entire monarchy of Austria-Hungary, than to the Kingdom of Hungary, whose citizen he formally was.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collapse_of_Austria-Hungary">Collapse of Austria-Hungary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Collapse of Austria-Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the autumn of 1918, Tiso recognized that the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was unsustainable. He also understood that the historical <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> could not be preserved anymore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201332_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201332-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of the formal <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_declaration_of_independence" title="Czechoslovak declaration of independence">Czechoslovak declaration of independence</a>, the way to real control of Czechoslovak bodies over Slovakia was not straightforward. Also, it was still unclear to which state Nitra would belong after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Dissolution of Austria-Hungary">dissolution of Austria-Hungary</a>. In these conditions, he began to prepare his readers for the new state and political regime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201332_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201332-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 December 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Council" title="Hungarian National Council">Hungarian National Council</a> in Nitra delegated him to negotiate with the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Army" title="Czechoslovak Army">Czechoslovak Army</a> which was invited to "restore and maintain public order".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (September 2022)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> Tiso was named secretary of new <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Council" title="Slovak National Council">Slovak National Council</a> and embraced politics as a career. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:50_Slovak_Koruna_1944_front_Jozef_Tiso.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/50_Slovak_Koruna_1944_front_Jozef_Tiso.png/220px-50_Slovak_Koruna_1944_front_Jozef_Tiso.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/50_Slovak_Koruna_1944_front_Jozef_Tiso.png/330px-50_Slovak_Koruna_1944_front_Jozef_Tiso.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/50_Slovak_Koruna_1944_front_Jozef_Tiso.png/440px-50_Slovak_Koruna_1944_front_Jozef_Tiso.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>50 Slovak koruna silver coin issued for the fifth anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic (1939–1945)</a> with an effigy of Tiso as Slovak President.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia_(1939%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/170px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/255px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/340px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Standard for Tiso as Slovak President, adopted 21 July 1939</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Czechoslovak_republic">First Czechoslovak republic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Czechoslovak republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1918, Tiso became a member of the restored <a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a> (<i>Slovenská ľudová strana,</i> so called "<i>Ľudáks</i>"). The party supported the idea of parliamentary democracy, defended interests of its <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Slovakia" title="Catholic Church in Slovakia">Slovak Catholic</a> voters and sought Slovak autonomy within the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czecho-Slovakia</a> framework.<sup id="cite_ref-Churches_and_Deportation_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Churches_and_Deportation-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiso, largely unknown before the coup, gradually strengthened his position in the party hierarchy. His elite education, high intelligence, energy, large working experiences with common people and his ability to speak in common terms made him a popular speaker and journalist of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201342_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201342-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, he founded a subsidiary of the party in Nitra and he organized a gymnastic organization, Orol (Eagle), the counterweight of a similar Czech/Czechoslovak organization <a href="/wiki/Sokol_(sport_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokol (sport organization)">Sokol</a>. Tiso first ran for parliament in the <a href="/wiki/1920_Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election" title="1920 Czechoslovak parliamentary election">1920 Czechoslovak parliamentary election</a>. Although the electoral results from his district were bright spots in what was otherwise a disappointing election for the Ľudáks, the party did not reward him with a legislative seat. Tiso, however, easily claimed one in the 1925 election, which also resulted in a breakthrough victory for the party. Until 1938, he was a fixture in the <a href="/wiki/Czecho-Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Czecho-Slovakia">Czecho-Slovakian</a> parliament in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. </p><p>In 1921 Tiso was appointed <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a> by the Vatican, although this appointment lapsed with the later death of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard201374_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard201374-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1921 to 1923, he served as the secretary to the new Slovak bishop of Nitra, Karol Kmeťko. During the same period, nationalist political agitation earned Tiso two convictions by the Czechoslovak courts for incitement, one of which resulted in a short incarceration. Displeased, Kmeťko dropped him as secretary in 1923, but retained him as a Professor of Theology. In 1924, Tiso left Nitra to become <a href="/wiki/Dean_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean (religion)">dean</a> of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1novce_nad_Bebravou" title="Bánovce nad Bebravou">Bánovce nad Bebravou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard201380–4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard201380–4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained the Dean of Bánovce for the rest of his political career, returning there regularly every weekend also as a Czechoslovak minister, and as later as president. </p><p>In the interwar period, Tiso was a moderate politician and his ability to reach compromises made him a respected mediator of the party. He used more radical rhetoric as a journalist, putting aside much of the anti-Jewish rhetoric of his earlier journalistic activities. He attacked his opponents and did not always control his emotions. However, he usually returned to rational arguments in official political negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201346_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201346-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiso sharply criticized policies of the central government regarding Slovaks and Slovakia. While the party still operated within a democratic framework, Tiso's colleague and political rival <a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Tuka" title="Vojtech Tuka">Vojtech Tuka</a> formed two internal movements to oppose the state or its regime – the first collaborating with <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungarian irredentism</a> and the second led by pro-fascist <a href="/wiki/Rodobrana" title="Rodobrana">Rodobrana</a>. Tiso did not participate in these. </p><p>In the late 1920s, Tiso became one of the party's leaders. When the president of the party <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Andrej Hlinka</a> traveled in 1926 to the <a href="/wiki/28th_International_Eucharistic_Congress" title="28th International Eucharistic Congress">28th International Eucharistic Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, he delegated Tiso to represent him in the presidium of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201359_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201359-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his absence, Tiso led complicated negotiations about an entry of HSĽS into the government. He was successful and thus strengthened his position. In January 1927, he became the Czechoslovak Minister of Health and Physical Education. Since HSĽS previously operated as an opposition party and was not able to fulfill all of its promises, the participation in the government led to the loss of credibility. Tiso again proved his speaker skills and supported the decision to participate in the government. As a minister, Tiso successfully realized several important health service projects in Slovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201359_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201359-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surprisingly, he refused the government ministry flat, staying in one of <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> monasteries. In October 1929, HSĽS left the government after the Tuka affair. Tiso was more inclined than Hlinka to find compromises with other parties to form alliances, but for a decade after 1929 his initiatives were not successful. In 1930, he became the official vice-president of the party and seemed destined to succeed Hlinka. He spent the 1930s competing for Hlinka's mantle with party radicals, most notably the rightist <a href="/wiki/Karol_Sidor" title="Karol Sidor">Karol Sidor</a> – Tuka was in prison for much of this period for treason. </p><p>In 1930, Tiso published <i>The Ideology of the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party</i> explaining his views on the Czech-Slovak relationship. Notably, he claimed sovereignty of the Slovak nation over the territory of Slovakia and indirectly suggested the right of Slovaks also to adopt different solutions for things from the Czechoslovak government in Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERychlík2015131_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERychlík2015131-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He repeated the same idea in his parliamentary speeches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFabriciusSuško2002384_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFabriciusSuško2002384-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle 1930s, Tiso's views shifted toward <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> ideas. He repeatedly declared that HSĽS was the only party representing the Slovaks and the only party which spoke for the Slovak nation. These claims played a significant role in the later end of the democratic regime. "One nation, one party, one leader", Tiso declared at the party congress held in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201369_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201369-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party should cover all aspects of the life. </p><p>In 1938, with increasing pressure from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>, the representatives of HSĽS questioned neighboring states on their views for the future of Slovakia. In May 1938, Tiso held secret negotiations with the Hungarian Foreign Minister Affairs <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n_K%C3%A1nya" title="Kálmán Kánya">Kálmán Kánya</a> during a eucharistic congress in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>. He declared that Slovakia might be prepared to rejoin Hungary as an autonomous federal state should Czechoslovakia cease to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegešHertelBystrický201250_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegešHertelBystrický201250-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the meeting did not go well. Tiso was disappointed by Kánya's attitude and alleged Hungarian historical claims on Slovakia and felt Kánya's behaviour was lofty and arrogant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeák199199–100_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeák199199–100-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He concluded that Hungary was not seriously interested in a common agreement and was focused more on the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, as was Germany. Therefore, well aware of the weak economic position of Slovakia, the lack of qualified people and an unstable international situation, he felt he was stuck with Czechoslovakia for the time being. When Hlinka died in August 1938, Tiso quickly consolidated control of the Ľudák party.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiso was an official speaker from the party at Hlinka's funeral where he urged national unity and loyalty to the Czechoslovak republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201374_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201374-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He, however, continued negotiations with the central government in Prague, explained the goals of potential autonomy and refused a military solution of the Czechoslovak-German crisis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autonomous_Slovak_Region">Autonomous Slovak Region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Autonomous Slovak Region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1938, following the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a>, Germany annexed and occupied the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>, the main German-speaking parts of <a href="/wiki/Czecho-Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Czecho-Slovakia">Czecho-Slovakia</a>. On 6 October 1938, HSĽS took advantage of the weakening of central government and declared autonomy for Slovakia (some other parties in Slovakia supported this). The next day, he became Prime Minister of the Slovak Autonomous Region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013156–8_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013156–8-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of his first tasks was to lead the Czechoslovak delegation during negotiations with Hungary in <a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%A1rno" title="Komárno">Komárno</a> preceding the <a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First Vienna Award</a>. Prime Minister Tiso, who had never led a delegation in similar international negotiations, found himself in a difficult position. The central government of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Second Czechoslovak Republic</a> (under the pressure of terrorist actions sponsored by the Hungarian government<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeák1991157_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeák1991157-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after serious changes of the international situation) accepted negotiations before being completely ready, and the government also found itself overloaded while trying to stabilize the situation with Germany. Tiso opposed the proposals of the Hungarian delegation but acted as a flexible and patient negotiator. When the Hungarian delegation refused further discussion, Tiso sought the help of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201382_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201382-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had already been promised by German Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a>, if necessary. Later, Tiso was shocked by the <a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First Vienna Award</a>, so much so that he initially refused to sign the protocol. In a radio speech to the citizens, Tiso did not mention Ribbentrop's promise, but blamed the Prague government and its "policies of the past twenty years".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFabriciusHradská200725_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFabriciusHradská200725-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Slovak government guarantees all citizens adequate assistance and protection.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jozef Tiso, Radio speech after the First Vienna Award, 2 November 1938<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFabriciusHradská200726_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFabriciusHradská200726-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1938_deportation_of_Jews_from_Slovakia" title="1938 deportation of Jews from Slovakia">1938 deportation of Jews from Slovakia</a></div> <p>The day before the award, police arrested several Jews at a demonstration of the Hungarian Youth Organization calling for the cession of Komárno to Hungary. Their participation was then used in propaganda blaming the Jews for the result (Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy obviously did not carry out "the wish of the Jewry" but followed their own interests).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENižňanský201045_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENižňanský201045-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201383_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201383-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 November 1938, Tiso met with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Fal%C3%A1th&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jozef Faláth (page does not exist)">Jozef Faláth</a> (the head of the "central office for the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_question" title="Jewish question">Jewish question</a>" who had already contacts to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> politicians in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Kirschbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jozef Kirschbaum (page does not exist)">Jozef Kirschbaum</a>. Tiso, who was otherwise a relatively pragmatic politician, adopted an unusually firm solution. On 4 November 1938 he ordered the deportation of Jews "without property", and later those without citizenship, to the territory now annexed by Hungary. His government then deported more than 7,500 people including elderly people, pregnant women, and at least 570 children under age 15 to <a href="/wiki/No_man%27s_land" title="No man's land">no man's land</a> in rainy autumn weather.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENižňanský201051_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENižňanský201051-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 November, he cancelled the action. </p><p>As a prime minister and minister of the interior of the autonomous government, Tiso had extensive powers. In October–December 1938, his government did not share power with any other Slovak public body, because the autonomous parliament was elected only thereafter. During this period, HSĽS forbade activities of all political parties except those that agreed to join the governing coalition "voluntarily" and two parties representing minority populations, the "German Party" and the "Unified Hungarian Party". HSĽS then organized <a href="/wiki/1938_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="1938 Slovak parliamentary election">rigged parliamentary elections</a>. Even before the official announcement of the elections, Tiso told the German newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></i> that there would be only one united ballot and Jews could not be elected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENižňanský201075_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENižňanský201075-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deportations and some other actions of Tiso's autonomous government were against the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Constitution_of_1920" title="Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920">Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENižňanský201053_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENižňanský201053-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slovak_secession">Slovak secession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Slovak secession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic (1939–1945)</a></div> <p>In February 1939, Tiso entered into negotiations with Germany for a fully independent Slovakia, separated from Czechoslovakia. He held direct meetings with the German representative <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a>, in which Tiso initially expressed doubts as to whether an independent Slovakia would be a viable entity. Czech military units subsequently occupied Slovakia and forced Tiso out of office on 9 March.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013178–9_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013178–9-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the <a href="/wiki/Rusyns" title="Rusyns">Ruthenians</a>, also resentful of the inclusion of their lands in Czechoslovakia, and the oppressions of the Prague government, now also sought autonomy. </p><p>Tiso's Catholic-conservative feelings initially inhibited him from what appeared to be revolutionary moves. However, within a few days Hitler invited Tiso to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, and offered assistance for Slovak nationhood.<sup id="cite_ref-IanKershaw_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IanKershaw-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitler suggested that Slovakia should declare independence under German protection (i.e.: <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a> status), and that if not Hungary might annex the remaining territory of Slovakia. Without making an agreement, Tiso now requested the Czecho-Slovak President to call a meeting of the Slovak Diet for 14 March. During that session Tiso made a speech informing the Diet of his conversation with Hitler, confirming that he reserved any move for an independence decision to come from the Slovak Diet. On the initiative of the President of the assembly, Martin Sokol (himself previously a strong proponent of the Czecho-Slovak state with guaranteed autonomy for Slovakia), endorsed a declaration of independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013181–2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013181–2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 March, Germany occupied the remaining rump of Czechoslovakia after Hitler coerced a sick Czech President <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a> into acquiescing.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slovakia became the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a>, an independent state (under German protection) which was formally recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and Germany, with <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> recognition by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Third French Republic">France</a> (but not by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> who were largely responsible, in 1919, for the new artificial state of Czechoslovakia). Czech émigrés and the United States considered Slovakia a <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> of Germany. After the later recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak government-in-exile</a> by Great Britain, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">British Foreign Office</a> notified the Czech Foreign Ministry that Britain did not recognise any territorial claims of Czechoslovakia, nor could they commit to any fixed boundaries for the state, nor recognise the legal continuation of Czechoslovakia. </p><p>Tiso was initially Prime Minister from 14 March 1939 until 26 October 1939. Tiso not only supported Nazi Germany's <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> in September 1939 but contributed Slovak troops, which the Germans rewarded by allowing Slovakia to annex 300 square miles of Polish territory.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 October 1939, Tiso officially became President of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a>. On 26 October, he became President of the Slovak Republic, and appointed Tuka as Prime Minister. After 1942, President Tiso was also styled <i>Vodca</i> ("Leader"), an imitation of German <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009395_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009395-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-semitism_and_deportation_of_Jews">Anti-semitism and deportation of Jews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anti-semitism and deportation of Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Slovakia" title="The Holocaust in Slovakia">The Holocaust in Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso%27s_speech_in_Holi%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jozef Tiso's speech in Holič">Jozef Tiso's speech in Holič</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jozef_Tiso_(Berlin).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jozef_Tiso_%28Berlin%29.jpg/330px-Jozef_Tiso_%28Berlin%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jozef_Tiso_%28Berlin%29.jpg/500px-Jozef_Tiso_%28Berlin%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jozef_Tiso_%28Berlin%29.jpg/960px-Jozef_Tiso_%28Berlin%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption>Jozef Tiso greeting <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, at the railway station of Hitler's headquarters '<a href="/wiki/Wolf%27s_Lair" title="Wolf's Lair">Wolfsschanze</a>' in East Prussia, with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_D%C3%B6rnberg" title="Alexander von Dörnberg">Alexander von Dörnberg</a> in the middle, October 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Conference" title="Salzburg Conference">Salzburg Conference</a> on 28 July 1940, an agreement was reached to establish a <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist">National Socialist</a> regime in Slovakia. Tuka attended the conference, as did Hitler, Tiso, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mach" title="Alexander Mach">Alexander Mach</a> (head of the <a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guards</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Karmasin" title="Franz Karmasin">Franz Karmasin</a>, head of the local <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Germans" title="Carpathian Germans">Carpathian German</a> minority. As a result of the conference, two state agencies were created to deal with "Jewish affairs".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartl2002142_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartl2002142-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Salzburg Summit" resulted in closer collaboration with Germany, and in Tuka and other political leaders increasing their powers at the expense of Tiso's original concept of a Catholic corporate state. The agreement called for dual command by the Slovak People's Party and the Hlinka Guard (HSĽS), and also an acceleration in Slovakia's anti-Jewish policies. The Nazi government appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i> leader <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Killinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Manfred von Killinger">Manfred von Killinger</a> as the German representative in Slovakia. Tiso however accepted these changes in subsequent conversation with Hitler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013211–213_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013211–213-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SS Officer <a href="/wiki/Dieter_Wisliceny" title="Dieter Wisliceny">Dieter Wisliceny</a> was dispatched to Slovakia to act as an "adviser" on Jewish issues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Party under Tiso and Tuka's leadership aligned itself with Nazi policy by implementing <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-semitic</a> legislation in Slovakia. The main act was the Jewish Code, under which Jews in Slovakia could not own any <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a>, were excluded from public office and free occupations, could not participate in sport or cultural events, were excluded from secondary schools and universities, and were required to wear the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a> in public. Tiso himself had anti-semitic views (as his earlier journalism made clear) which were widespread in Slovakia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although there are dissenting opinions by modern politicians on his role in the Jewish deportations from Slovakia,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is clear that, in line with German policy and "suggestions" as well as his earlier anti-semitism, he encouraged these actions, despite condemnation of the deportations from some Slovak bishops.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In February 1942, Slovakia became the first Nazi ally to agree to deportations.<sup id="cite_ref-ushmm10007324_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushmm10007324-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nazis had asked for 20,000 young able-bodied Jews for labour duties. Tiso had hoped that compliance would aid in the return of 120,000 Slovak workers from Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008394_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008394-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1942, after the majority of Slovak Jews had been sent to German-occupied Poland and it became clear that the deportees were being systematically murdered, Tiso gave a <a href="/wiki/Slovak,_cast_off_your_parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak, cast off your parasite">speech</a> in <a href="/wiki/Holi%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Holič">Holič</a> in which he called for Slovaks to "cast off your parasite [the Jews]" and justified continuing deportations of Jews from Slovakia. On 30 August, Hitler commented "It is interesting how this little Catholic priest Tiso is sending us the Jews!".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard20138,_234–7_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard20138,_234–7-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vatican undersecretary <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Tardini" title="Domenico Tardini">Domenico Tardini</a> complained: "Everyone understands that the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> cannot stop Hitler. But who can understand that it does not know how to rein in a priest?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013232_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013232-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 1942, amid Vatican protests as news of the fate of the deportees filtered back, and the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">German advance into the Soviet Union</a> was halted, Slovakia then became the first of Hitler's puppet states to shut down the deportations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008395_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008395-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mazower wrote: "When the Vatican protested, the government responded with defiance: 'There is no foreign intervention which would stop us on the road to the liberation of Slovakia from Jewry', insisted President Tiso".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008396_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008396-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distressing scenes at railway yards of deportees being beaten by Hlinka guards had brought protests, including from leading churchmen such as Bishop <a href="/wiki/Pavol_Jantausch" title="Pavol Jantausch">Pavol Jantausch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396–397_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396–397-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vatican called in the Slovak ambassador twice to enquire as to what was happening in Slovakia. According to British historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Richard Evans</a>, these interventions "caused Tiso, who after all was still a priest in holy orders, to have second thoughts about the programme".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Burzio" title="Giuseppe Burzio">Giuseppe Burzio</a> and others reported to Tiso that the Germans were murdering the deported Jews. Tiso hesitated and then refused to deport Slovakia's 24,000 remaining Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-ushmm10007324_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushmm10007324-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jozef_Tiso#This_was_not_a_result_of_Burzio's_intervention,_but_the_Presiden's_Office_granted_exception_for_those_Jews_who_were_required_for_the_state_(lack_of_qualified_people)" title="Talk:Jozef Tiso">discuss</a></i>]</sup> According to Mazower, "Church pressure and public anger resulted in perhaps 20,000 Jews being granted exemptions, effectively bringing the deportations there to an end".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008396_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008396-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jozef_Tiso#As_Niznansky,_Kamenec_and_other_prominent_historians_dealing_with_the_holocaust_in_Slovakia_document,_the_deportations_were_not_stopped_as_a_result_of_"Church_pressure"_(e.g._alleged_letter_of_bishop_Vojtasak_or_similar_activities),_but_only_after_the_government_"resolved"_the_problem_with_the_Jews_who_lost_their_jobs_and_thus_they_were_a_problem_for_the_state_budget._The_government_was_originally_interested_in_further_deportations_but_after_Stalingrad_the_international_situation_become_"complicated"." title="Talk:Jozef Tiso">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When in 1943 rumours of further deportations emerged, the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Turkey" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Turkey">Papal Nuncio in Istanbul</a>, Msgr. <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Roncalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelo Roncalli">Angelo Roncalli</a> (later Pope John XXIII) and Burzio helped galvanize the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> into intervening in vigorous terms. On 7 April 1943, Burzio challenged Tuka over the rumours of extermination of Slovak Jews. The Vatican then condemned the renewal of the deportations on 5 May and the Slovakian episcopate issued a pastoral letter condemning totalitarianism and antisemitism on 8 May 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Churches_and_Deportation_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Churches_and_Deportation-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Evans, Tuka was "forced to backtrack by public protests, especially from the Church, which by this time had been convinced of the fate that awaited the deportees. Pressure from the Germans, including a direct confrontation between Hitler and Tiso on 22 April 1943, remained without effect."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a> broke out against the Tiso government. German troops were sent to quell this and with them came <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppe H</a> and security police charged with rounding up or murdering Slovakia's remaining Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-ushmm10007324_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushmm10007324-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the German occupation, another 13,500 Jews were deported, most of them to Auschwitz,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 5,000 imprisoned. Some were murdered in Slovakia itself, in particular at Kremnička and <a href="/wiki/Nemeck%C3%A1" title="Nemecká">Nemecká</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tiso remained in office during the German army's occupation, but his presidency was relegated to a mostly titular role as Slovakia lost whatever <i>de facto</i> independence it had. Burzio begged Tiso directly to at least spare Catholics of Jewish ancestry from deportation and delivered an admonition from the Pope: "the injustice wrought by his government is harmful to the prestige of his country and enemies will exploit it to discredit clergy and the Church the world over".<sup id="cite_ref-Churches_and_Deportation_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Churches_and_Deportation-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the Holocaust, more than two-thirds of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Slovakia" title="History of the Jews in Slovakia">Jews living in Slovakia</a> had been murdered.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conviction_and_execution">Conviction and execution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Conviction and execution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jozef_Tiso_decorates_German_soldiers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jozef_Tiso_decorates_German_soldiers.jpg/290px-Jozef_Tiso_decorates_German_soldiers.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jozef_Tiso_decorates_German_soldiers.jpg/435px-Jozef_Tiso_decorates_German_soldiers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jozef_Tiso_decorates_German_soldiers.jpg/580px-Jozef_Tiso_decorates_German_soldiers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Jozef Tiso decorates German soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Bansk%C3%A1_Bystrica" title="Banská Bystrica">Banská Bystrica</a> in Slovakia, who had fought the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a> in 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>Tiso lost all remnants of power when the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> conquered the last parts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Slovakia" title="Western Slovakia">western Slovakia</a> in April 1945. He fled first to Austria, then to a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin</a> monastery in <a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%B6tting" title="Altötting">Altötting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. In June 1945, he was arrested by the Americans and <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradited</a> to the reconstituted Czechoslovakia to stand trial in October 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013258–9_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013258–9-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 April 1947, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czechoslovak_National_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czechoslovak National Court (page does not exist)">Czechoslovak National Court</a> (<i>Národný súd</i>) found him guilty of many of the allegations against him, and sentenced him to death for "state treason, betrayal of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">antifascist partisan insurrection</a> and collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (November 2022)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The court concluded that Tiso's government had been responsible for the breakup of the Czechoslovak Republic; and found Tiso guilty of: </p> <ul><li>administering a more radical "solution" of the Jewish question</li> <li>establishing a totalitarian fascist regime under the slogan "One God, one nation, one organisation" by founding the fascist organisations HSĽS (<a href="/wiki/Hlinka%27s_Slovak_People%27s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Hlinka's Slovak People's Party">Hlinka's Slovak People's Party</a>), Hlinkova garda (<a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a>), and Hlinkova mládež (Hlinka Youth), the last two with compulsory membership</li> <li>destroying democracy</li> <li>awarding <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a> the Grand Cross following Frank's involvement in Czech students' murders and the <a href="/wiki/Lidice_massacre" title="Lidice massacre">Lidice massacre</a></li> <li>allowing the military occupation of the western part of Slovakia by the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>, which seized state military assets valued 2 billion Ks and transported them to Nazi Germany</li> <li>persecuting and terrorizing the regime's 3,000 opponents, who were imprisoned, tortured, and, for some, slaughtered in the Ilava concentration camp</li> <li>expropriating the assets of the Czechs and the Jews by the Hlinka Guard</li> <li>damaging the state finances in the amount of 8.6 billions Ks due to clearing for Nazi Germany, another 3–4 billion Ks by supplying the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i>, and 7 billion Ks by secretly supplying the German occupational forces</li> <li>inciting of hatred against the Jews, excluding them from public life and economy, and restricting their personal freedom</li> <li>approving the Jewish Code, under which Jews in Slovakia were deprived of human rights, and were deported to the <a href="/wiki/Sere%C4%8F_concentration_camp" title="Sereď concentration camp">Sereď concentration camp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%A1ky" title="Nováky">Nováky</a> concentration camp, while Tiso sold some Jews under exceptions to the Code</li> <li>approving deportation of 57,837 Jews to German concentration camps in 1942 who were subsequently murdered, and paying for it with 100 million Ks to Nazi Germany</li> <li>delivering POWs to the German occupation forces knowing they would be murdered</li> <li>allowing the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a> to imprison, torture, and abduct people, including Slovaks, before the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a></li> <li>ordering the Hlinka Guard and other fascist organisations to help the German occupational forces catch, imprison, torture, and slaughter 4,316 people suspected of involvement in the Uprising and abduct 30,000 people to German concentration camps</li> <li>tolerating destruction of numerous villages<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/K%C4%BEak" title="Kľak">Kľak</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nemeck%C3%A1" title="Nemecká">Nemecká</a>) by German occupational forces (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Edelweiss_(anti-partisan_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edelweiss (anti-partisan unit)">Edelweiss (anti-partisan unit)</a>) and the Hlinka Guard</li> <li>mobilising for German occupation forces</li> <li>allowing German occupational forces to abduct Slovaks for <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li>ordering civilians to take part in military fortification work for German occupational forces</li> <li>approving an eastern part of Slovakia to be declared operational territory of German forces and subjecting the Slovak Army to the German military leadership</li> <li>and many other crimes</li></ul> <p>Tiso was sentenced to death, to deprivation of his civil rights, and to confiscation of all of his property.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiso appealed to <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia" title="List of presidents of Czechoslovakia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> and expected a <a href="/wiki/Reprieve_(death_sentence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reprieve (death sentence)">reprieve</a>; his prosecutor had recommended <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">clemency</a>. However, no reprieve was forthcoming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013264–5_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013264–5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wearing his clerical garb, Tiso was <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanged</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> on 18 April 1947. The Czechoslovak government buried him secretly to avoid his tomb becoming a shrine,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013266_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013266-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Tiso’s far-right followers soon identified his grave at the cemetery of <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Cathedral,_Bratislava" title="St Martin's Cathedral, Bratislava">Saint Martin’s Cathedral</a> in Bratislava. Decades later, a DNA test in April 2008 confirmed the found remains as Tiso; these were exhumed and reinterred in <a href="/wiki/St._Emmeram%27s_Cathedral,_Nitra" title="St. Emmeram's Cathedral, Nitra">Saint Emmeram’s Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>, in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">canon law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under communism, Tiso was formulaically denounced as a <a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">clerical Fascist</a>. With the fall of communism in 1989, and the subsequent independence of Slovakia, heated debate began again on his role. James Mace Ward writes in Tiso's biography <i><a href="/wiki/Priest,_Politician,_Collaborator" title="Priest, Politician, Collaborator">Priest, Politician, Collaborator</a></i> (2013): "At its worst, [the debate] was fuel for an ultranationalist attempt to reconstruct Slovak society, helping to destabilize Czechoslovakia. At its best, the debate inspired a thoughtful reassessment of Tiso and encouraged Slovaks to grapple with the legacy of collaboration."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013267_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013267-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of the far-right in admiration of Tiso created a memorial grave in Martin cemetery in October of 2008 to commemorate Tiso.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since been used as an occasional gathering place for many far-right groups, including the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a>. Ultranationalist propaganda proclaims Tiso as a "<a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a>" who "sacrificed his life for his belief and nation", and so tries to paint him as an innocent victim of communism and a saint.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikisource.org/wiki/Rozsudok_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9ho_s%C3%BAdu_v_Bratislave_nad_Jozefom_Tisom">"Rozsudok Národného súdu v Bratislave nad Jozefom Tisom – Wikizdroje"</a>. <i>sk.wikisource.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Jozef Tiso Changing Social Identities in the First World War"</a>. <i>Revue des études slaves</i>. <b>88</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">721–</span>741. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fres.1324">10.4000/res.1324</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0080-2557">0080-2557</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158552249">158552249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+%C3%A9tudes+slaves&rft.atitle=A+Priest+at+the+Front.+Jozef+Tiso+Changing+Social+Identities+in+the+First+World+War&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E721-%3C%2Fspan%3E741&rft.date=2017-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158552249%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0080-2557&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fres.1324&rft.aulast=Piahanau&rft.aufirst=Aliaksandr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fres%2F1324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenec201332-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201332_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenec201332_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKamenec2013">Kamenec 2013</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Churches_and_Deportation-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Churches_and_Deportation_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Churches_and_Deportation_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Churches_and_Deportation_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20697.pdf"><i>The Churches and the Deportation and Persecution of Jews in Slovakia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017061929/http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20697.pdf">Archived</a> 17 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.atitle=Jewish+History+1940%E2%80%931949&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishhistory.org.il%2Fhistory.php%3Fstartyear%3D1940%26endyear%3D1949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartl2002142-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartl2002142_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBartl2002">Bartl 2002</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013211–213-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013211–213_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, pp. 211–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. <a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, pp. 271–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushmm10007324-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm10007324_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm10007324_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm10007324_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007324">"The Holocaust in Slovakia"</a>. Ushmm.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+in+Slovakia&rft.pub=Ushmm.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10007324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008394-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008394_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMazower2008">Mazower 2008</a>, p. 394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard20138,_234–7-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard20138,_234–7_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, pp. 8, 234–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013232-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013232_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008395-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008395_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMazower2008">Mazower 2008</a>, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008396-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008396_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008396_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMazower2008">Mazower 2008</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396–397-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009396–397_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, pp. 396–397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009397_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivan Kamenec, On the Trail of Tragedy: The Holocaust in Slovakia. Bratislava: H&H. 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-holocaust-in-slovakia">"The Holocaust in Slovakia"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.ushmm.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=The+Holocaust+in+Slovakia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fthe-holocaust-in-slovakia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013258–9-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013258–9_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, pp. 258–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020814053305/http://www.szpb.sk/rezoznam.htm">"Prehľad miest a obcí na Slovensku postihnutých fašistickými represáliami"</a>. <i>www.szpb.sk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.szpb.sk/rezoznam.htm">the original</a> on 14 August 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.szpb.sk&rft.atitle=Preh%C4%BEad+miest+a+obc%C3%AD+na+Slovensku+postihnut%C3%BDch+fa%C5%A1istick%C3%BDmi+repres%C3%A1liami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.szpb.sk%2Frezoznam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karolveres.szm.com/DEJ/pramene/procesza3.htm">"Proces s dr.J Tisom – VÝPIS Z ROZSUDKU spracovaný obhajcom E. Zabkayom"</a>. <i>karolveres.szm.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=karolveres.szm.com&rft.atitle=Proces+s+dr.J+Tisom+%E2%80%93+V%C3%9DPIS+Z+ROZSUDKU+spracovan%C3%BD+obhajcom+E.+Zabkayom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkarolveres.szm.com%2FDEJ%2Fpramene%2Fprocesza3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013264–5-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013264–5_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, pp. 264–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013266-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013266_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.sk/clanok/93932/jozefa-tisa-pochovali-v-hrobke-na-nitrianskom-hrade/">"Jozefa Tisa pochovali v hrobke na Nitrianskom hrade"</a>. <i>Nový Čas</i> (in Slovak)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nov%C3%BD+%C4%8Cas&rft.atitle=Jozefa+Tisa+pochovali+v+hrobke+na+Nitrianskom+hrade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cas.sk%2Fclanok%2F93932%2Fjozefa-tisa-pochovali-v-hrobke-na-nitrianskom-hrade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib4-cann1166-1190_en.html">https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib4-cann1166-1190_en.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2013267-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2013267_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard2013">Ward 2013</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAzet.sk" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Azet.sk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.sk/clanok/109519/skupina-ludi-spominala-na-slovensky-stat-pri-tisovom-hrobe/">"Skupina ľudí spomínala na Slovenský štát pri Tisovom hrobe"</a>. <i>Nový Čas</i> (in Slovak)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nov%C3%BD+%C4%8Cas&rft.atitle=Skupina+%C4%BEud%C3%AD+spom%C3%ADnala+na+Slovensk%C3%BD+%C5%A1t%C3%A1t+pri+Tisovom+hrobe&rft.au=Azet.sk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cas.sk%2Fclanok%2F109519%2Fskupina-ludi-spominala-na-slovensky-stat-pri-tisovom-hrobe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jozeftiso.sk/">"Jozef Tiso. Mučeník viery katolíckej a národa slovenského – Jozef Tiso. Mučeník viery katolíckej a národa slovenského"</a>. <i>www.jozeftiso.sk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jozeftiso.sk&rft.atitle=Jozef+Tiso.+Mu%C4%8Den%C3%ADk+viery+katol%C3%ADckej+a+n%C3%A1roda+slovensk%C3%A9ho+%E2%80%93+Jozef+Tiso.+Mu%C4%8Den%C3%ADk+viery+katol%C3%ADckej+a+n%C3%A1roda+slovensk%C3%A9ho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jozeftiso.sk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBartl2002" class="citation book cs1">Bartl, Július (2002). <i>Slovak History: chronology & lexicon</i>. David Paul Daniel, trans. Wauconda, Ill.: Bolchazy-Carducci. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-444-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-444-4"><bdi>978-0-86516-444-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovak+History%3A+chronology+%26+lexicon&rft.place=Wauconda%2C+Ill.&rft.pub=Bolchazy-Carducci&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-86516-444-4&rft.aulast=Bartl&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BAlius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeák1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ladislav_De%C3%A1k" title="Ladislav Deák">Deák, Ladislav</a> (1991). <i>Hra o Slovensko</i> [<i>The Game for Slovakia</i>] (in Slovak). Bratislava: Veda vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-224-0370-9" title="Special:BookSources/80-224-0370-9"><bdi>80-224-0370-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hra+o+Slovensko&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pub=Veda+vydavate%C4%BEstvo+Slovenskej+akad%C3%A9mie+vied&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=80-224-0370-9&rft.aulast=De%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Ladislav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvans2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Evans, Richard J.</a> (2009). <i>The Third Reich at War</i>. New York: Penguin Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+at+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book. (November 2022)">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFabriciusHradská2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fabricius, Miroslav; Hradská, Katarína, eds. (2007). <i>Jozef Tiso: Prejavy a články 1938 – 1944</i> [<i>Jozef Tiso: Speeches and Articles 1938 – 1944</i>] (in Slovak). Historický ústav SAV. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-88880-46-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-88880-46-2"><bdi>978-80-88880-46-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jozef+Tiso%3A+Prejavy+a+%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky+1938+%E2%80%93+1944&rft.pub=Historick%C3%BD+%C3%BAstav+SAV&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-80-88880-46-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFabriciusSuško2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fabricius, Miroslav; Suško, Ladislav, eds. (2002). <i>Jozef Tiso: Prejavy a články 1913 - 1938</i> [<i>Jozef Tiso: Speeches and Articles 1913 - 1938</i>] (in Slovak). Historický ústav SAV. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-88880-45-9" title="Special:BookSources/80-88880-45-9"><bdi>80-88880-45-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jozef+Tiso%3A+Prejavy+a+%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky+1913+-+1938&rft.pub=Historick%C3%BD+%C3%BAstav+SAV&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=80-88880-45-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFelak1995" class="citation book cs1">Felak, James Ramon (1995). <i>"At the Price of the Republic": Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, 1929–1938</i>. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22At+the+Price+of+the+Republic%22%3A+Hlinka%27s+Slovak+People%27s+Party%2C+1929%E2%80%931938&rft.place=Pittsburgh&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Felak&rft.aufirst=James+Ramon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book. (November 2022)">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKamenec2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kamenec" title="Ivan Kamenec">Kamenec, Ivan</a> (2013). <i>Jozef Tiso: Tragédia politika, kňaza a človeka</i> [<i>Jozef Tiso: The Tragedy of a Politician, Priest and Man</i>] (in Slovak). Premedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jozef+Tiso%3A+Trag%C3%A9dia+politika%2C+k%C5%88aza+a+%C4%8Dloveka&rft.pub=Premedia&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Kamenec&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book. (November 2022)">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMazower2008" class="citation book cs1">Mazower, Mark (2008). <i>Hitler's Empire – Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9681-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9681-4"><bdi>978-0-7139-9681-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Empire+%E2%80%93+Nazi+Rule+in+Occupied+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9681-4&rft.aulast=Mazower&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNižňanský2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Ni%C5%BE%C5%88ansk%C3%BD" title="Eduard Nižňanský">Nižňanský, Eduard</a> (2010). <i>Nacizmus, holokaust, slovenský štát</i> [<i>Nazism, holocaust, Slovak state</i>] (in Slovak). Bratislava: Kalligram. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-8101-396-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-8101-396-6"><bdi>978-80-8101-396-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nacizmus%2C+holokaust%2C+slovensk%C3%BD+%C5%A1t%C3%A1t&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pub=Kalligram&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-80-8101-396-6&rft.aulast=Ni%C5%BE%C5%88ansk%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Eduard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPiahanau1946" class="citation web cs1">Piahanau, Aliaksandr (8 March 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34975127">"Jozef Tiso <b>Moje mladost</b>"</a> [Jozef Tiso: My youth]. Bratislava.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jozef+Tiso+Moje+mladost.&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.date=1946-03-08&rft.aulast=Piahanau&rft.aufirst=Aliaksandr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34975127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPiahanau2017" class="citation journal cs1">Piahanau, Aliaksandr (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osf.io/z7wp5">"A Priest at the Front. Jozef Tiso Changing Social Identities during the First World War"</a>. <i>Revue des études slaves</i>. <b>88</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">721–</span>741. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fres.1324">10.4000/res.1324</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158552249">158552249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+%C3%A9tudes+slaves&rft.atitle=A+Priest+at+the+Front.+Jozef+Tiso+Changing+Social+Identities+during+the+First+World+War&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E721-%3C%2Fspan%3E741&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fres.1324&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158552249%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Piahanau&rft.aufirst=Aliaksandr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosf.io%2Fz7wp5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRychlík2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Rychl%C3%ADk" title="Jan Rychlík">Rychlík, Jan</a> (2015). <i>Česi a Slováci ve 20. století: Spolupráce a konflikty 1914 - 1992</i> [<i>Czechs and Slovaks in the 20th Century: Cooperation and Conflicts</i>] (in Czech). Vyšehrad. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7429-631-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7429-631-4"><bdi>978-80-7429-631-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%8Cesi+a+Slov%C3%A1ci+ve+20.+stolet%C3%AD%3A+Spolupr%C3%A1ce+a+konflikty+1914+-+1992&rft.pub=Vy%C5%A1ehrad&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-80-7429-631-4&rft.aulast=Rychl%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSegešHertelBystrický2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Segeš, Dušan; Hertel, Maroš; Bystrický, Valerián, eds. (2012). <i>Slovensko a slovenská otázka v poľských a maďarských diplomatických dokumentoch v rokoch 1938–1939</i> [<i>Slovakia and the Slovak Question in Polish and Hungarian Diplomatic Documents 1938–1939</i>] (in Slovak, Polish, and Hungarian). Bratislava: Historický ústav SAV. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-971247-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-971247-1-7"><bdi>978-80-971247-1-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovensko+a+slovensk%C3%A1+ot%C3%A1zka+v+po%C4%BEsk%C3%BDch+a+ma%C4%8Farsk%C3%BDch+diplomatick%C3%BDch+dokumentoch+v+rokoch+1938%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pub=Historick%C3%BD+%C3%BAstav+SAV&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-80-971247-1-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWard2013" class="citation book cs1">Ward, James Mace (2013). <i>Priest, Politician, Collaborator: Jozef Tiso and the Making of Fascist Slovakia</i>. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4988-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4988-8"><bdi>978-0-8014-4988-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Priest%2C+Politician%2C+Collaborator%3A+Jozef+Tiso+and+the+Making+of+Fascist+Slovakia&rft.place=Ithaca+and+London&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-4988-8&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=James+Mace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJozef+Tiso" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jozef_Tiso" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Jozef Tiso">Jozef Tiso</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415180312/http://www.ce-review.org/00/11/kopanic11.html">The Tiso plaque controversy</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609174758/http://www.nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/camps/auschwitz/ftp.py?camps%2Fauschwitz%2F%2Fpress%2Fjozef-tiso">Slovak Jews fear campaign to make fascism respectable</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080105153100/http://incentraleurope.radio.cz/ice/issue/66245">Jozef Tiso – Slovak statehood at the bitter price of allegiance to Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/033183">Newspaper clippings about Jozef Tiso</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jozef_Tiso" title="Template:Jozef Tiso"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Jozef_Tiso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Jozef Tiso (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jozef_Tiso" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jozef Tiso"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jozef_Tiso96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jozef Tiso</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election" title="1920 Czechoslovak parliamentary election">1920 Czechoslovak parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election" title="1925 Czechoslovak parliamentary election">1925 Czechoslovak parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_%C5%A0vehla%27s_Third_Cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Švehla's Third Cabinet (page does not exist)">Antonín Švehla's Third Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election" title="1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election">1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election" title="1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election">1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First Vienna Award</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiso%27s_First_Cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiso's First Cabinet (page does not exist)">Tiso's First Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiso%27s_Second_Cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiso's Second Cabinet (page does not exist)">Tiso's Second Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiso%27s_Third_Cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiso's Third Cabinet (page does not exist)">Tiso's Third Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 3px;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049,_Josef_Tiso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Josef Tiso"><img alt="Josef Tiso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg/80px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg/160px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2010-0049%2C_Josef_Tiso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2490" data-file-height="3491" /></a><figcaption>Josef Tiso</figcaption></figure></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of Slovakia">President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_Slovak_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 Slovak presidential election (page does not exist)">1939 Slovak presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak%E2%80%93Hungarian_War" title="Slovak–Hungarian War">Slovak–Hungarian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_invasion_of_Poland" title="Slovak invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Slovakia" title="The Holocaust in Slovakia">The Holocaust in Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso%27s_speech_in_Hol%C3%AD%C4%8D" title="Jozef Tiso's speech in Holíč">Speech in Holíč</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Expeditionary_Army_Group" title="Slovak Expeditionary Army Group">Slovak Expeditionary Army Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_Slovakia133" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slovak_presidents" title="Template:Slovak presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slovak_presidents" title="Template talk:Slovak presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Slovakia133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">Presidents of Slovakia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">(First) Slovak Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jozef Tiso</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the president of Slovakia"><img alt="Flag of the president of Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovak Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michal_Kov%C3%A1%C4%8D" title="Michal Kováč">Michal Kováč</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schuster" title="Rudolf Schuster">Rudolf Schuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ga%C5%A1parovi%C4%8D" title="Ivan Gašparovič">Ivan Gašparovič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Kiska" title="Andrej Kiska">Andrej Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuzana_%C4%8Caputov%C3%A1" title="Zuzana Čaputová">Zuzana Čaputová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Slovakia241" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slovak_prime_ministers" title="Template:Slovak prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slovak_prime_ministers" title="Template talk:Slovak prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak_prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Slovakia241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Prime ministers of Slovakia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Slovak Socialist Republic">Slovak Socialist Republic</a><br />(within the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_S%C3%A1dovsk%C3%BD" title="Štefan Sádovský">Štefan Sádovský</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Colotka" title="Peter Colotka">Peter Colotka</a> (1969–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Knotek" title="Ivan Knotek">Ivan Knotek</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavol_Hrivn%C3%A1k" title="Pavol Hrivnák">Pavol Hrivnák</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_%C4%8Ci%C4%8D" title="Milan Čič">Milan Čič</a> (1989–1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovak Republic<br />(within the <a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Federative_Republic" title="Czech and Slovak Federative Republic">Czech and Slovak Federative Republic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_%C4%8Ci%C4%8D" title="Milan Čič">Milan Čič</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar" title="Vladimír Mečiar">Vladimír Mečiar</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_%C4%8Carnogursk%C3%BD" title="Ján Čarnogurský">Ján Čarnogurský</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar" title="Vladimír Mečiar">Vladimír Mečiar</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovak Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar" title="Vladimír Mečiar">Vladimír Mečiar</a> (1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Morav%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Jozef Moravčík">Jozef Moravčík</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar" title="Vladimír Mečiar">Vladimír Mečiar</a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_Dzurinda" title="Mikuláš Dzurinda">Mikuláš Dzurinda</a> (1998–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> (2006–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveta_Radi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1" title="Iveta Radičová">Iveta Radičová</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> (2012–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Matovi%C4%8D" title="Igor Matovič">Igor Matovič</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Heger" title="Eduard Heger">Eduard Heger</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_%C3%93dor" title="Ľudovít Ódor">Ľudovít Ódor</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slovak_People&#039;s_Party_(HSĽS)143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Template:Slovak People's Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Template talk:Slovak People's Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak People's Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slovak_People&#039;s_Party_(HSĽS)143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a> (HSĽS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Andrej Hlinka</a> <small>(1913–1938)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jozef Tiso</a> <small>(1939–1945)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Slovak_People%27s_Party_politicians" title="Category:Slovak People's Party politicians">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_%C4%8Eur%C4%8Dansk%C3%BD" title="Ferdinand Ďurčanský">Ferdinand Ďurčanský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mach" title="Alexander Mach">Alexander Mach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Sidor" title="Karol Sidor">Karol Sidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Tuka" title="Vojtech Tuka">Vojtech Tuka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paramilitary wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodobrana" title="Rodobrana">Rodobrana</a> <small>(1923–1927)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a> <small>(1938–1945)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovensk%C3%A9_%C4%BEudov%C3%A9_noviny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovenské ľudové noviny (page does not exist)">Slovenské ľudové noviny</a></i> <small>(1910–1930)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slov%C3%A1k_(periodical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovák (periodical) (page does not exist)">Slovák</a></i> <small>(1919–1945)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1stup" title="Nástup">Nástup</a></i> <small>(1933–1940)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovensk%C3%A1_pravda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovenská pravda (page does not exist)">Slovenská pravda</a></i> <small>(1936–1945)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak State">Slovak State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Slovakia" title="The Holocaust in Slovakia">The Holocaust in Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Conference" title="Salzburg Conference">Salzburg Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koso_affair" title="Koso affair">Koso affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Holocaust_in_Slovakia345" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holocaust_Slovakia" title="Template:Holocaust Slovakia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holocaust_Slovakia" title="Template talk:Holocaust Slovakia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust_Slovakia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust Slovakia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Holocaust_in_Slovakia345" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Slovakia" title="The Holocaust in Slovakia">The Holocaust in Slovakia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Part of</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camps and prisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Slovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sere%C4%8F_concentration_camp" title="Sereď concentration camp">Sereď</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nov%C3%A1ky_labor_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nováky labor camp (page does not exist)">Nováky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patr%C3%B3nka_transit_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrónka transit camp">Patrónka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poprad_transit_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Poprad transit camp">Poprad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyhne_labor_camp" title="Vyhne labor camp">Vyhne</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Elsewhere <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Bełżec extermination camp">Bełżec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lublin Reservation">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdanek" class="mw-redirect" title="Majdanek">Majdanek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobibor">Sobibor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massacres and roundups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_deportation_of_Jews_from_Slovakia" title="1938 deportation of Jews from Slovakia">1938 deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_transports_from_Slovakia" title="List of Holocaust transports from Slovakia">List of transports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_September_roundup_in_Bratislava" class="mw-redirect" title="28 September roundup in Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremni%C4%8Dka_and_Nemeck%C3%A1_massacres" title="Kremnička and Nemecká massacres">Kremnička and Nemecká</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvolen" title="Zvolen">Zvolen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major perpetrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abwehrgruppe_218" title="Abwehrgruppe 218">Abwehrgruppe 218</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Economic_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Economic Office (page does not exist)">Central Economic Office</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department 14 (page does not exist)">Department 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppe_H" title="Einsatzgruppe H">Einsatzgruppe H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiwillige_Schutzstaffel" title="Freiwillige Schutzstaffel">Freiwillige Schutzstaffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard_Emergency_Divisions" title="Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions">Emergency Divisions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_perpetrators_in_Slovakia" title="Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Slovakia">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Brunner" title="Alois Brunner">Alois Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izidor_Koso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izidor Koso (page does not exist)">Izidor Koso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otomar_Kubala" title="Otomar Kubala">Otomar Kubala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mach" title="Alexander Mach">Alexander Mach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=August%C3%ADn_Mor%C3%A1vek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustín Morávek (page does not exist)">Augustín Morávek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%C3%ADn_Mor%C3%A1vek" class="extiw" title="cs:Augustín Morávek">cs</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%C3%ADn_Mor%C3%A1vek" class="extiw" title="de:Augustín Morávek">de</a>; <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%C3%ADn_Mor%C3%A1vek" class="extiw" title="sk:Augustín Morávek">sk</a>]</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jozef Tiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Tuka" title="Vojtech Tuka">Vojtech Tuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Va%C5%A1ek" title="Anton Vašek">Anton Vašek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Wisliceny" title="Dieter Wisliceny">Dieter Wisliceny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Witiska" title="Josef Witiska">Josef Witiska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Center (Slovakia)">Jewish Center</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_Group_(resistance_organization)" title="Working Group (resistance organization)">Working Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gisi_Fleischmann" title="Gisi Fleischmann">Gisi Fleischmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Neumann" title="Oskar Neumann">Oskar Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dov_Weissmandl" title="Michael Dov Weissmandl">Michael Dov Weissmandl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_(Slovakia)#Department_of_Special_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Center (Slovakia)">Department of Special Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Hochberg" title="Karol Hochberg">Karol Hochberg</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rescuers_of_Jews_during_the_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust">Rescuers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Burzio" title="Giuseppe Burzio">Giuseppe Burzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Peter_Gojdi%C4%8D" title="Pavel Peter Gojdič">Pavel Peter Gojdič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Franti%C5%A1ek_Koch" title="Karel František Koch">Karel František Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C4%BE%C5%A1avica" title="Oľšavica">Oľšavica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust in Slovakia">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SRP_(Slovak_organization)" title="SRP (Slovak organization)">SRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_anti-Jewish_violence_in_Slovakia" title="Postwar anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topo%C4%BE%C4%8Dany_pogrom" title="Topoľčany pogrom">Topoľčany pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Congress_riots" title="Partisan Congress riots">Partisan Congress riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation%27s_Memory_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation's Memory Institute">Nation's Memory Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Slovakia" title="History of the Jews in Slovakia">History of the Jews in Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Czechs_in_the_Slovak_State" title="Persecution of Czechs in the Slovak State">Persecution of Czechs in the Slovak State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_exemption_(Slovak_State)" title="Presidential exemption (Slovak State)">Presidential exemptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso%27s_speech_in_Hol%C3%AD%C4%8D" title="Jozef Tiso's speech in Holíč">Tiso's Holíč speech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154346#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2437" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154346#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2437" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154346#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083428627">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/35252828">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/61739/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc7VjmKFWcXttBtvWb68C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118802364">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80128613">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12269456x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12269456x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35551063">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000720301&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070145539">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000200019&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000080606&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810702639705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/84192">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007277625805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1131957X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/993003">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118802364.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118802364">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031489192">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&oldid=1282080416">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Tiso&oldid=1282080416</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1887_births" title="Category:1887 births">1887 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1947_deaths" title="Category:1947 deaths">1947 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Roman_Catholic_priests" title="Category:20th-century Roman Catholic priests">20th-century Roman Catholic priests</a></li><li><a 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(1929–1935)">Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia (1929–1935)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Czechoslovakia_(1935%E2%80%931939)" title="Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia (1935–1939)">Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia (1935–1939)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_Slovakia" title="Category:Prime ministers of Slovakia">Prime ministers of Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slovak_anti-communists" title="Category:Slovak anti-communists">Slovak anti-communists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slovak_fascists" title="Category:Slovak fascists">Slovak fascists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_Slovakia" title="Category:Antisemitism in Slovakia">Antisemitism in Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_modern_Christian_antisemitism" title="Category:Late modern Christian antisemitism">Late modern Christian antisemitism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Masonry" title="Category:Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_political_leaders" title="Category:World War II political leaders">World War II political leaders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Czechoslovak_Roman_Catholic_priests" title="Category:Czechoslovak Roman Catholic priests">Czechoslovak Roman Catholic priests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholicism_and_far-right_politics" title="Category:Catholicism and far-right politics">Catholicism and far-right politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_priests_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:Catholic priests convicted of crimes">Catholic priests convicted of crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_fascists" title="Category:Christian fascists">Christian fascists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slovak_independence_activists" title="Category:Slovak independence activists">Slovak independence activists</a></li><li><a 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