CINXE.COM
Sex as a Biological Variable
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Women now account for roughly half of all participants in NIH-supported clinical research, which is subject to NIH Policy on the Inclusion of Women in" /> <link rel="canonical" href="http://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-as-biological-variable" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/sites/orwh/files/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Sex as a Biological Variable</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/orwh/files/css/css_q6yWGzN9zvypJtUYWu_w0ZRJgZxC84lq4ljnKqV1oac.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=orwh&include=eJxVjFEOgCAMQy9E4EyTLYgBZyiI3F6i8cOfpn1N6xMBwy0EMf71WQAKgi_vyrPTIo5LOyhZ2uj6AY6UNBgtfXVzIhUGA1Xy-3tG6XCP2qzcktyFrC1o" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/orwh/files/css/css_i5c7ZY-R-qf-GJRYPryXRr4B40GuGz23jSWMee8det0.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=orwh&include=eJxVjFEOgCAMQy9E4EyTLYgBZyiI3F6i8cOfpn1N6xMBwy0EMf71WQAKgi_vyrPTIo5LOyhZ2uj6AY6UNBgtfXVzIhUGA1Xy-3tG6XCP2qzcktyFrC1o" /> <script async type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&subagency=NIH-ORWH"></script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P3X9S3');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> </head> <body class="path-node page-node-type-page"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript> <iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P3X9S3" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <a href="#content" id="skip-nav"> Skip Navigation Links </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="top-banner"> </div> <header id="header"> <div class="container-fluid branding"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div id="block-orwh-branding" class="block block-system block-system-branding-block"> <div class="logo text-left"> <h1> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/sites/orwh/files/orwh-logo.png" alt="Office of Research on Women's Health"> </a> </h1> <p class="slogan">Putting science to work for the health of women</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-auto"> <div class="utilities"> <div id="searchBox" class="col-auto search-wrapper search-collapse collapse"> <form class="form-inline" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" id="searchMedium" method="get"> <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"> <input id="affiliateMedium" name="affiliate" type="hidden" value="orwh"> <label for="queryMedium" class="sr-only">Enter Search Term(s):</label> <input class="form-control usagov-search-autocomplete" id="queryMedium" autocomplete="off" name="query" type="text" placeholder="Search ORWH"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-link btn-search" > <span class="sr-only">Search</span> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid main-navigation"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark" role="navigation"> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <button class="search-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#searchBox" aria-controls="searchBox" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle Search"> <span class="sr-only">Submit</span> </button> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigationupdated-menu" id="navbarSupportedContent" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigationupdated-menu">Main Navigation Updated</h2> <ul class="nav navbar-nav nav-fill nav-simple"> <li class="mobile-only nav-item"> <a href="/" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Home</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain-nav-updated view-mode-default mega-menu mega-menu--simple"> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="" class="nav-link">Our Work</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain-nav-updated view-mode-default mega-menu mega-menu--simple"> <div class="mega-menu-item mega-menu-item--simple"> <ul class="mega-menu-list mega-menu-list--simple"> <li> <span class="nav-link">Our Work</span> </li> <li> <a href="/OADR-ORWH" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1993">Office of Autoimmune Disease Research (OADR-ORWH)</a> <ul> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1993">About OADR-ORWH</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/Strategic-Planning-for-ADR" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2119">ADR Strategic Planning</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/ADR-Across-NIH" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2124">ADR Across NIH</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/sciencetalks" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2382">ScienceTALKS</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/updates-on-oadr-orwh" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2383">Updates on OADR-ORWH</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/events" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="OADR-ORWH/events">All OADR-ORWH Events</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/Funding-Information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2120">Funding Information</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/autoimmune-disease-research-funding-opportunities" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2386">Funding Opportunities</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/News-and-Updates" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2123">ADR News and Updates</a> </li> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/OADR-ORWH/applying-to-oadr-orwh-funding-opportunities" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2384">Applying to OADR-ORWH Funding Opportunities</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/menopause-midlife-health" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2026">Menopause & Midlife Health</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">Signature Research Programs & NOFOs</span> </li> <li> <a href="/research/funded-research-and-programs/funding-opportunities-and-notices" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/funded-research-and-programs/funding-opportunities-and-notices">Women’s Health Funding Opportunities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/building-interdisciplinary-research-careers-in-womens-health-bircwh" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/28">Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/womens-health-research/funded-research-and-programs/score" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">Policy and Planning Initiatives</span> </li> <li> <a href="/sex-as-biological-variable" class="nav-link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/109" aria-current="page">Sex as a Biological Variable</a> </li> <li> <a href="/our-work/nih-inclusion-policies" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">NIH Inclusion Policies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/strategic-plan" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23">NIH-Wide Strategic Plan for Research on the Health of Women</a> </li> <li> <a href="/biennial-reports" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Biennial Reports</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">Events and Observances</span> </li> <li> <a href="/our-work/annual-vivian-w-pinn-symposium" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1897">Annual Vivian W. Pinn Symposium</a> </li> <li> <a href="/our-work/events" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="our-work/events">Events (all)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://orwh.od.nih.gov/national-womens-health-week" class="nav-link">National Women's Health Week</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item active"> <a href="" class="nav-link">Sex as a Biological Variable</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain-nav-updated view-mode-default mega-menu mega-menu--simple"> <div class="mega-menu-item mega-menu-item--simple"> <ul class="mega-menu-list mega-menu-list--simple"> <li class="active"> <a href="/sex-as-biological-variable" class="nav-link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/109" aria-current="page">Sex as a Biological Variable</a> </li> <li> <a href="/womens-health-research/funded-research-and-programs/score" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="" class="nav-link">Women's Health Mission Areas</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain-nav-updated view-mode-default mega-menu mega-menu--simple"> <div class="mega-menu-item mega-menu-item--simple"> <ul class="mega-menu-list mega-menu-list--simple"> <li> <a href="/toolkit" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/233">NIH Inclusion Outreach Toolkit</a> </li> <li> <a href="/clinical-research-and-trials" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Clinical Research and Trials</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">NIH Policy</span> </li> <li> <a href="/our-work/nih-inclusion-policies" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">NIH Inclusion Policies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/including-women-and-minorities-in-clinical-research-background" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/121">Including Women and Minorities in Clinical Research</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">Related ORWH Programs & Initiatives</span> </li> <li> <a href="/mmm-portal" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1504">Maternal Morbidity and Mortality (MMM) Web Portal</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="" class="nav-link">Career Support</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain-nav-updated view-mode-default mega-menu mega-menu--simple"> <div class="mega-menu-item mega-menu-item--simple"> <ul class="mega-menu-list mega-menu-list--simple"> <li> <span class="nav-link">Career Support</span> </li> <li> <a href="/career-development-education" class="text-navbar-highlight nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/27">ORWH MISSION AREA: Career Development Programs & Projects</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">Related ORWH Programs & Initiatives</span> </li> <li> <a href="/building-interdisciplinary-research-careers-in-womens-health-bircwh" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/28">Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH)</a> <ul> <li class="nav-item--light"> <a href="/building-interdisciplinary-research-careers-in-womens-health-bircwh/funded-programs-and-principal-investigators" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/29">Funded Programs and Principal Investigators</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/career-development-education/research-supplements-promote-reentry-and-reintegration-health-related" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30">Re-entry into Biomedical Research Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/career-development-education/research-continuity-retention-supplements" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1896">Research Continuity and Retention Supplements</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="" aria-label="Toggle About ORWH section in navigation" class="nav-link">About ORWH</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain-nav-updated view-mode-default mega-menu mega-menu--simple"> <div class="mega-menu-item mega-menu-item--simple"> <ul class="mega-menu-list mega-menu-list--simple"> <li> <span class="nav-link">About ORWH</span> </li> <li> <a href="/about-orwh" class="text-navbar-highlight nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">About</a> </li> <li> <a href="/orwh-anniversary" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1470">ORWH 30th Anniversary</a> </li> <li> <a href="/contact-us" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Contact Us</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">Advisory Committees</span> </li> <li> <a href="/advisory-committee-on-research-on-womens-health" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33">Advisory Committee on Research on Women's Health (ACRWH)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/coordinating-committee-on-research-on-womens-health" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/35">Coordinating Committee on Research on Women's Health (CCRWH)</a> </li> <li> <span class="nav-link">See Also</span> </li> <li> <a href="/about/strategic-plan" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23">NIH-Wide Strategic Plan for Research on the Health of Women</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="" class="nav-link">Archive</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain-nav-updated view-mode-default mega-menu mega-menu--simple"> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </nav> </div> <div class="page-header"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col page-header-content"> <div id="block-orwh-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page">Sex as a Biological Variable</li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div id="block-orwh-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <h2 class="page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Sex as a Biological Variable</span> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto page-header-image"> <img class="" src=/sites/orwh/files/images/sexgender.jpg alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="content"> <div class="fold main-fold"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-auto main-content"> <div class="main-content-bg main-content-p"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-orwh-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="syndicate"><p>Women now account for roughly half of all participants in NIH-supported clinical research, which is subject to NIH Policy on the Inclusion of Women in Clinical Research. However more often than not, basic and preclinical biomedical research has focused on male animals and cells. An over-reliance on male animals and cells may obscure understanding of key sex influences on health processes and outcomes.</p><p>Accounting for sex as a biological variable begins with the development of research questions and study design. It also includes data collection and analysis of results, as well as reporting of findings. Consideration of sex may be critical to the interpretation, validation, and generalizability of research findings. Adequate consideration of both sexes in experiments and disaggregation of data by sex allows for sex-based comparisons and may inform clinical interventions. Appropriate analysis and transparent reporting of data by sex may therefore enhance the rigor and applicability of preclinical biomedical research.</p><p>NIH expects that sex as a biological variable will be factored into research designs, analyses, and reporting in vertebrate animal and human studies (<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-15-102.html">NOT-OD-15-102</a>). Strong justification from the scientific literature, preliminary data, or other relevant considerations must be provided for applications proposing to study only one sex. Investigators are strongly encouraged to discuss these issues with NIH program staff prior to submission of applications. In June 2020, the <em>Journal of Women’s Health</em> published “Sex as a Biological Variable: A 5-Year Progress Report and Call to Action,” an article commenting on the development and implementation of NIH’s SABV policy, which went into effect in January 2016. Further information regarding NIH expectations for the consideration of sex as a biological variable is provided <a href="https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sites/orwh/files/docs/NOT-OD-15-102_Guidance_508.pdf">in this guidance document</a>.</p><h3>The 4 Cs of Studying Sex to Strengthen Science</h3><div class="img-responsive"><div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="5efb0c5e-1e1f-4b43-be27-b4d97048dd62" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:media_thumbnail" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"image_style":"","image_link":""}" class="align-center embedded-entity" data-langcode="en"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/orwh/files/2018-03/4cs.png" width="1334" height="517" alt="Thumbnail" title="4 Cs of Studying Sex to Strengthen Science"> </div> </div><style type="text/css">.img-responsive img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } </style></div></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockchanged-date-customized-block-1" id="block-orwh-views-block-changed-date-customized-block-1"> <div block="block-orwh-views-block-changed-date-customized-block-1"><div class="view view-changed-date-customized view-id-changed_date_customized view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-8775ed16c12a9c2b40058eeacd06bd29a260efb2127393993ca24b4f71f5e340"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><em class="views-field views-field-changed font-weight-bold mt-5 float-right"><span class="views-label views-label-changed">Page Last Updated on </span><span class="field-content"><time datetime="2024-04-16T12:04:42-04:00" class="datetime">April 16, 2024</time> </span></em></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-orwh-temporarycssfixes" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1542ea9b-bad7-405b-bb30-37af41dc5661"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col right-sidebar "> <div id="block-secondary-menu-updated" class="section-nav main-content-bg block block-system block-system-menu-blockmain-nav-updated"> <h3 class="block--title">Sex as a Biological Variable</h3> <ul data-region="sidebar_second" block="block-secondary-menu-updated" class="section-nav-list list-links-only"> <li class="active"> <a href="">Sex as a Biological Variable</a> <ul> <li class="active"> <a href="/sex-as-biological-variable" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/109" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Sex as a Biological Variable</a> </li> <li> <a href="/womens-health-research/funded-research-and-programs/score" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="block-orwh-cssforoadrorwhsidebarnav" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1542ea9b-bad7-405b-bb30-37af41dc5661"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="readers"></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-newsletter" class="bg-newsletter text-center"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <p class="h2 text-light-blue">Subscribe to Our Communications</p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="lead">To receive updates from ORWH directly to your inbox, please enter your contact information below.</p> <form id="GD-snippet-form" action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHORWH/subscribers/qualify" target="_blank" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"> <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"> <input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="knCDbxzz3s+abZ0FU/CE75PequVANcksLcYZVAHIGUnBMyqLZLlJNWC2BqehjVXL3TPklZWmLMF2ONVpE4vz0w=="> <div class="input-group"><input aria-label="Enter Email Address" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter email" type="email" value="" autocomplete="email"> <div class="input-group-append"><input class="btn btn-light-blue btn-lg" name="commit" type="submit" value="Submit"></div> </div> </form></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-dark py-md-3 px-md-5"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-6"> <div id="block-address" class="block block-block-content block-block-content60faaab0-8c3b-4030-900a-d5cfdc2f225d"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h3>NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH)</h3> <p class="pb-4">6707 Democracy Boulevard<br /> Suite 400<br /> Bethesda, MD 20817<br /> Phone: 301-402-1770</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 col-xs-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-disclaimernavigation-menu" id="block-disclaimernavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--disclaimer"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-disclaimernavigation-menu">Disclaimer navigation</h2> <ul block="block-disclaimernavigation" class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/web-policies-notices">Web Policies and Notices</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office">Freedom of Information Act</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act">No Fear Act</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-government-menu" id="block-government" class="block block-menu navigation menu--government"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-government-menu">Government</h2> <ul block="block-government" class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov - Government Made Easy</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://oig.hhs.gov/">Office of Inspector General</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div><button id="back-to-top" class="hidden-print">▲<span id="back-to-top-tip" role="button">Back to Top</span></button></div> <div class="modal fade" id="exit-link-disclaimer" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="modal-title h4 text-secondary" id="myModalLabel"> <i class="icon-exit-link"></i> Endorsement Disclaimer - Links to Other Sites </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Our website has links to many other federal agencies, and in a few cases we link to private organizations. You are subject to that site's privacy policy when you leave our site. We proudly comply with 508 accessibility regulations, but we cannot be responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private websites.</p> <p>Reference in this website to any specific commercial products, process, service, manufacturer, or company does not constitute its endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Government or National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is not responsible for the contents of any "off-site" webpage referenced from this server.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary exit-cancel" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/109","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJw1jFkOgCAQQy9E5EyDVCUZnISiBE8vcfnpkpd2ViG7D0K4-c0ZpKzg33eLg1nBSCWLpgvOStv8oKh07KzI78WZ0OgfnbLFQ-EawjJ2_vMpJlFbb_4qLpI","theme":"orwh","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"webform":{"dialog":{"options":{"narrow":{"title":"Narrow","width":600},"normal":{"title":"Normal","width":800},"wide":{"title":"Wide","width":1000}},"entity_type":"node","entity_id":"109"}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"7e6388f6cbda922d10b6bf8a53beda1464e48060c88257ac53c86fb488b85355"}}</script> <script src="/sites/orwh/themes/orwh/../../templates/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js?stfqzd" type="module"></script> <script src="/sites/orwh/files/js/js_RqE8y_FHftSKz8yJTfO9SuCcZmXllAk-J2jTTt-CtdQ.js?scope=footer&delta=1&language=en&theme=orwh&include=eJzLLyrP0E8sLk4tKdYpT01Kyy_K1YfSeimZiTn56QDrTw1g"></script> <script src="/sites/orwh/themes/orwh/app-dist/js/app.js?stfqzd" type="module"></script> <script src="/sites/orwh/files/js/js_C8rU5raoFd7H83Fa52lWK2-mWp7HCDYHAzq-W_m1q6Y.js?scope=footer&delta=3&language=en&theme=orwh&include=eJzLLyrP0E8sLk4tKdYpT01Kyy_K1YfSeimZiTn56QDrTw1g"></script> <script src="/sites/orwh/themes/orwh/../../templates/dist/js/main.min.js?stfqzd" type="module"></script> <script src="/sites/orwh/files/js/js_lhcy8zpBTGOcJ4d5c5EeDtVEvASclAmsZrdnqfFRMDs.js?scope=footer&delta=5&language=en&theme=orwh&include=eJzLLyrP0E8sLk4tKdYpT01Kyy_K1YfSeimZiTn56QDrTw1g"></script> </body> </html>