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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wickiups_of_the_west" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wickiups_of_the_west"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Wickiups of the west</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wickiups_of_the_west-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Wigwam"_in_different_Algonquian_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Wigwam"_in_different_Algonquian_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>"Wigwam" in different Algonquian languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Wigwam"_in_different_Algonquian_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_similar_dwellings_elsewhere_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_similar_dwellings_elsewhere_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use of similar dwellings elsewhere today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_similar_dwellings_elsewhere_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wigwam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%85" title="وغم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وغم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вігвам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вігвам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вігвам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вігвам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вигвам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вигвам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigvam" title="Vigvam – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vigvam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam_und_Wickiup" title="Wigwam und Wickiup – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wigwam und Wickiup" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigvam" title="Vigvam – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vigvam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigvamo" title="Vigvamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vigvamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کپر سرخ‌پوستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کپر سرخ‌پوستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichwam" title="Wichwam – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wichwam" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B7%B8%EC%9B%9C" title="위그웜 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위그웜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Վիգվամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիգվամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ויגום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויגום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вигвам – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вигвам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigvams" title="Vigvams – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vigvams" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigvamas" title="Vigvamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vigvamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AF%E3%83%A0" title="ウィグワム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィグワム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigvam" title="Vigvam – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vigvam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="سورپوستو جونګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سورپوستو جونګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вигвам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вигвам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вигвам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вигвам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wigwam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вігвам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вігвам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%83%E5%A7%86" title="维格沃姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维格沃姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q277986#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of tent or dwelling used by Indigenous North Americans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wigwam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wigwam (disambiguation)">Wigwam (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the dwelling sometimes called a wikiup. For the census-designated location, see <a href="/wiki/Larkfield-Wikiup,_California" title="Larkfield-Wikiup, California">Larkfield-Wikiup, California</a>. For the unincorporated community, see <a href="/wiki/Wikieup,_Arizona" title="Wikieup, Arizona">Wikieup, Arizona</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apache_Wickiup,_Edward_Curtis,_1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg/220px-Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg/330px-Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg/440px-Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> wickiup, by <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Curtis" title="Edward S. Curtis">Edward S. Curtis</a>, 1903</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apache_wickiup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Apache_wickiup.jpg/200px-Apache_wickiup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Apache_wickiup.jpg/300px-Apache_wickiup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Apache_wickiup.jpg/400px-Apache_wickiup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4034" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption>Apache wickiup</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>wigwam</b>, <b>wickiup</b>, <b>wetu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag">Wampanoag</a>), or <b>wiigiwaam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_syllabics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibwe syllabics">syllabics</a>: <span title="Ojibwe-language text"><span lang="oj">ᐧᐄᑭᐧᐋᒻ</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a semi-permanent domed dwelling formerly used by certain <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes and <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people and still used for ceremonial events. The term <i>wickiup</i> is generally used to refer to these kinds of dwellings in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a> and Northwest <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada, while <i>wigwam</i> is usually applied to these structures in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a> as well as Ontario and Quebec in <a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">central Canada</a>. The names can refer to many distinct types of Indigenous structures regardless of location or cultural group. The wigwam is not to be confused with the Native Plains <a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">tipi</a>, which has a different construction, structure, and use. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nu-nu-shi-unt,_the_dreamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nu-nu-shi-unt%2C_the_dreamer.jpg/200px-Nu-nu-shi-unt%2C_the_dreamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nu-nu-shi-unt%2C_the_dreamer.jpg/300px-Nu-nu-shi-unt%2C_the_dreamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nu-nu-shi-unt%2C_the_dreamer.jpg/400px-Nu-nu-shi-unt%2C_the_dreamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4534" data-file-height="2896" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paiute" title="Paiute">Paiute</a> wickiup</figcaption></figure> <p>The domed, round shelter was used by numerous northeastern Indigenous tribes. The curved surfaces make it an ideal shelter for all kinds of conditions. <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes%E2%80%93St._Lawrence_Lowlands" title="Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands">Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands</a> resided in either wigwams or <a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America">longhouses</a>. </p><p>These structures are made with a frame of arched poles, most often wooden, which are covered with some sort of bark roofing material. Details of construction vary with the culture and local availability of materials. Some of the roofing materials used include grass, brush, bark, rushes, mats, reeds, hides or cloth. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis,_White_Earth_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis%2C_White_Earth_1928.jpg/200px-Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis%2C_White_Earth_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis%2C_White_Earth_1928.jpg/300px-Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis%2C_White_Earth_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis%2C_White_Earth_1928.jpg/400px-Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis%2C_White_Earth_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Dakota</a>-style tipis and <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> wigwam, <a href="/wiki/White_Earth,_Minnesota" title="White Earth, Minnesota">White Earth, Minnesota</a>, 1928</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ojibwa_wigwam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ojibwa_wigwam.jpg/200px-Ojibwa_wigwam.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ojibwa_wigwam.jpg/300px-Ojibwa_wigwam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ojibwa_wigwam.jpg/400px-Ojibwa_wigwam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Ojibwe wigwam, from an 1846 painting by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kane" title="Paul Kane">Paul Kane</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Wigwams are most often seasonal structures, although the term is applied to rounded and conical structures that are more permanent. Wigwams usually take longer to put up than <a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">tipis</a>. Their frames are usually not portable like a tipi. </p><p>A typical wigwam in the Northeast has a curved surface which can hold up against the worst weather. Young green tree saplings of just about any type of wood, 10 to 15 feet (3.0 to 4.6 m) long, were cut down and bent. While the saplings were being bent, a circle was drawn on the ground. The diameter of the circle varied from 10 to 16 feet (3.0 to 4.9 m). The bent saplings were then placed over the drawn circle, using the tallest saplings in the middle and the shorter ones on the outside. The saplings formed arches all in one direction on the circle. The next set of saplings were used to wrap around the wigwam to give the shelter support. When the two sets of saplings were finally tied together, the sides and roof were placed on it. The sides of the wigwam were usually bark stripped from trees. The male of the family was responsible for the framing of the wigwam. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rowlandson" title="Mary Rowlandson">Mary Rowlandson</a> uses the term <i>wigwam</i> in reference to the dwelling places of Indigenous people that she stayed with while in their captivity during <a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a> in 1675. The term <i>wigwam</i> has remained in common English usage as a synonym for any "Indian house"; however, this usage is dispreferred, as there are important differences between the wigwam and other shelters. </p><p>During the American revolution the term <i>wigwam</i> was used by British soldiers to describe a wide variety of makeshift structures.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wickiups_of_the_west">Wickiups of the west</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wickiups of the west"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wickiups were used by different <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Great_Basin" title="Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin">indigenous peoples of the Great Basin</a>, Southwest, and Pacific Coast. They were single room, dome-shaped dwellings, with a great deal of variation in size, shape, and materials. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Acjachemen" title="Acjachemen">Acjachemen</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of California">indigenous people of California</a>, built cone-shaped huts made of <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willow</a> branches covered with brush or mats made of <a href="/wiki/Tule" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule">tule</a> leaves. Known as <i>kiichas</i>, the temporary shelters were utilized for sleeping or as refuge in cases of inclement weather. When a dwelling reached the end of its practical life it was simply burned, and a replacement erected in its place in about a day's time. </p><p>Below is a description of <a href="/wiki/Chiricahua" title="Chiricahua">Chiricahua</a> wickiups recorded by anthropologist Morris Opler: </p><p>The home in which the family lives is made by the men and is ordinarily a circular, dome-shaped brush dwelling, with the floor at ground level. It is eight feet [2.4 m] high at the center and approximately seven feet [2.1 m] in diameter. To build it, long fresh poles of oak or willow are driven into the ground or placed in holes made with a digging stick. These poles, which form the framework, are arranged at one-foot [0.30 m] intervals and are bound together at the top with yucca-leaf strands. Over them a thatching of bundles of big bluestem grass or bear grass is tied, shingle style, with yucca strings. A smoke hole opens above a central fireplace allows smoke to escape when the firepit is used. A hide, suspended at the entrance, is fixed on a cross-beam so that it may be swung forward or backward. The doorway may face in any direction. For waterproofing, pieces of hide are thrown over the outer hatching, and in rainy weather, if a fire is not needed, even the smoke hole is covered. In warm, dry weather much of the outer roofing is stripped off. It takes approximately three days to erect a sturdy dwelling of this type. These houses are "warm and comfortable even though there is a big snow". The interior is lined with brush and grass beds over which robes are spread....<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The woman not only makes the furnishings of the home but is responsible for the construction, maintenance, and repair of the dwelling itself and for the arrangement of everything in it. She provides the grass and brush beds and replaces them when they become too old and dry.... However, formerly "they had no permanent homes, so they didn't bother with cleaning." The dome-shaped dwelling or wickiup, the usual home type for all the Chiricahua bands, has already been described.... Said a Central Chiricahua informant: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote" style="font-size:inherit;quotes:none"><p>Both the teepee and the oval-shaped house were used when I was a boy. The oval hut was covered with hide and was the best house. The more well-to-do had this kind. The teepee type was just made of brush. It had a place for a fire in the center. It was just thrown together. Both types were common even before my time ...</p></blockquote> <p>A house form that departed from the more common dome-shaped variety is recorded for the Southern Chiricahua as well: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote" style="font-size:inherit;quotes:none"><p>When we settled down, we used the wickiup; when we were moving around a great deal, we used this other kind...<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></blockquote> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration of an Acjachemen wickiup, California"><img alt="Illustration of an Acjachemen wickiup, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wikiup.jpg/195px-Wikiup.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wikiup.jpg/293px-Wikiup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wikiup.jpg/390px-Wikiup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration of an <a href="/wiki/Acjachemen" title="Acjachemen">Acjachemen</a> wickiup, California</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribs_of_Apache_wickiup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frame of Apache wickiup"><img alt="Frame of Apache wickiup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ribs_of_Apache_wickiup.jpg/200px-Ribs_of_Apache_wickiup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ribs_of_Apache_wickiup.jpg/300px-Ribs_of_Apache_wickiup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ribs_of_Apache_wickiup.jpg/400px-Ribs_of_Apache_wickiup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4026" data-file-height="2548" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frame of <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> wickiup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiricahua_medicine_man.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chiricahua medicine man and family in wickiup"><img alt="Chiricahua medicine man and family in wickiup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chiricahua_medicine_man.jpg/200px-Chiricahua_medicine_man.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chiricahua_medicine_man.jpg/300px-Chiricahua_medicine_man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chiricahua_medicine_man.jpg/400px-Chiricahua_medicine_man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4038" data-file-height="2205" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chiricahua <a href="/wiki/Medicine_man" title="Medicine man">medicine man</a> and family in wickiup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ute_wickiup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ute wickiup"><img alt="Ute wickiup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ute_wickiup.jpg/200px-Ute_wickiup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ute_wickiup.jpg/300px-Ute_wickiup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ute_wickiup.jpg/400px-Ute_wickiup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4013" data-file-height="3011" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ute_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ute tribe">Ute</a> wickiup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snow_pic_of_old_frame_wickiup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frame of Crow sweat lodge in snow"><img alt="Frame of Crow sweat lodge in snow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Snow_pic_of_old_frame_wickiup.jpg/200px-Snow_pic_of_old_frame_wickiup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Snow_pic_of_old_frame_wickiup.jpg/300px-Snow_pic_of_old_frame_wickiup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Snow_pic_of_old_frame_wickiup.jpg/400px-Snow_pic_of_old_frame_wickiup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4022" data-file-height="2997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frame of <a href="/wiki/Crow_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crow Nation">Crow</a> sweat lodge in snow</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum_-_Wigwam_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wigwam display at University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum"><img alt="Wigwam display at University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum_-_Wigwam_display.jpg/200px-University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum_-_Wigwam_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum_-_Wigwam_display.jpg/300px-University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum_-_Wigwam_display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum_-_Wigwam_display.jpg/400px-University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum_-_Wigwam_display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wigwam display at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum">University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Wigwam"_in_different_Algonquian_languages"><span id=".22Wigwam.22_in_different_Algonquian_languages"></span>"Wigwam" in different Algonquian languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Wigwam" in different Algonquian languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English word <i>wigwam</i> derives from Eastern Abenaki <span title="Eastern Abnaki-language text"><i lang="aaq">wigwôm</i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Algonquian_language" title="Proto-Algonquian language">Proto-Algonquian</a> <i>*wi·kiwa·ʔmi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have similar names for the structure: </p> <ul><li><span title="Western Abnaki-language text"><i lang="abe">wigwôm</i></span> (with vowel syncope) in <a href="/wiki/Western_Abenaki_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Abenaki language">Abenaki</a></li> <li><span title="Ojibwe-language text"><i lang="oj">wiigiwaam</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anishinaabe language">Anishinaabe language</a> <ul><li><span title="Eastern Ojibwa-language text"><i lang="ojg">wiigwaam</i></span> (with vowel syncope) in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ojibwa_language" title="Eastern Ojibwa language">Eastern Ojibwe</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_dialect" title="Ottawa dialect">Odaawaa</a></li> <li><span title="Potawatomi-language text"><i lang="pot">wigwam</i></span> (with vowel syncope) in <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_language" title="Potawatomi language">Potawatomi</a> WNLAP spelling</li> <li><span title="Algonquin-language text"><i lang="alq">miigiwaam</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_language" title="Algonquin language">Algonquin language</a> as an alternative (with the indefinite prefix <i>m-</i> instead of the definite third-person prefix <i>w-</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><span title="Blackfoot-language text"><i lang="bla">ookóówa</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot language</a> (without the possessive theme suffix <i>-m</i>)</li> <li><span title="Cheyenne-language text"><i lang="chy">mâhëö'o</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_language" title="Cheyenne language">Cheyenne language</a> (with the indefinite prefix <i>m-</i> instead of the definite third-person prefix <i>w-</i> and without the possessive theme suffix <i>-m</i>)</li> <li><span title="Miami-Illinois-language text"><i lang="mia">wiikiaami</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Miami-Illinois_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami-Illinois language">Miami-Illinois language</a></li> <li><span title="Mi'kmaq-language text"><i lang="mic">wikuom</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_language" title="Mi'kmaq language">Mi'kmaq language</a></li> <li><i>wicuw</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Mohegan-Pequot_language" title="Mohegan-Pequot language">Mohegan language</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mohegan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohegan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Loup A-language text"><i lang="xlo">ȣichiȣam</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Nipmuck_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipmuck language">Nipmuck language</a></li> <li><span title="Unami-language text"><i lang="unm">wikëwam</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Unami_language" title="Unami language">Unami</a></li></ul> <p><b>wickiup</b>: </p> <ul><li><span title="Meskwaki-language text"><i lang="sac">wiikiyaapi</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Fox_language" title="Fox language">Fox</a></li> <li><span title="Cree-language text"><i lang="cr-Latn">mīkiwāhp</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a> (with the indefinite prefix <i>m-</i> instead of the definite third-person prefix <i>w-</i>)</li> <li><span title="Innu-language text"><i lang="moe">mīciwāhp</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Innu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Innu language">Montagnais</a> (with the indefinite prefix <i>m-</i> instead of the definite third-person prefix <i>w-</i>)</li> <li><span title="Menominee-language text"><i lang="mez">wikiop</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Menominee_language" title="Menominee language">Menominee</a></li> <li><span title="Meskwaki-language text"><i lang="sac">wîkiyâpi</i></span> in Sauk</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_similar_dwellings_elsewhere_today">Use of similar dwellings elsewhere today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use of similar dwellings elsewhere today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wigwam" title="Special:EditPage/Wigwam">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Somali_aqal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somali_aqal.jpg/200px-Somali_aqal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somali_aqal.jpg/300px-Somali_aqal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somali_aqal.jpg/400px-Somali_aqal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Somali <i>Aqal</i> lodge</figcaption></figure> <p>Nearly identical constructions, called <i>aqal</i>, are used by today's nomadic <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">Somali people</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Afar_people" title="Afar people">Afar people</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>. Pieces of old clothing or plastic sheet, <a href="/wiki/Reed_mat_(craft)" title="Reed mat (craft)">woven mats</a> (traditionally made of grass), or whatever material is available will be used to cover the <i>aqal</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">'</span>s roof. Similar domed tents are also used by the <a href="/wiki/Bushmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushmen">Bushmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nama_people" title="Nama people">Nama people</a> and other indigenous peoples in Southern Africa. </p><p>The traditional semi-permanent dwelling of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi people">Sámi</a> people of Northern Europe was the <a href="/wiki/Goahti" title="Goahti">goahti</a> (also known as a <i>gamme</i> or <i>kota</i>). In terms of construction, purpose and longevity, it represents a close equivalent to a North American native <i>wigwam</i>. Most goahti dwellings consisted of portable wooden poles, covered on the outside with either timber or peat moss, in lieu of walls. This differentiated them from the other type of Sámi dwelling, the more temporary and tent-like <a href="/wiki/Lavvu" title="Lavvu">lavvu</a>, covered with skins or fabrics and somewhat similar to tipis. Some goahti houses were occasionally covered with skins or fabric as well, but were generally larger than <i>lavvu</i>, and goahti were always used as more permanent housing. </p><p>Many native peoples of Northern Asia also built or build traditional semi-permanent dwellings known as <a href="/wiki/Chum_(tent)" title="Chum (tent)">chum</a>. Though some of these Siberian native dwellings are more tent-like, reminiscent of Plains Indians' tipis or of the Sámi <i>lavvu</i>, other forms of chum are more permanent in nature. The more permanent forms of chum are very similar in construction to the timber or peat moss covered goahti dwellings of the Sámi, or the wigwams of the Native American cultures of the Eastern Woodlands and northern parts of North America. </p><p>In Britain, similar structures known as <a href="/wiki/Bender_tent" title="Bender tent">bender tents</a>, are built quickly and cheaply by <a href="/wiki/New_Age_travellers" title="New Age travellers">New Age travellers</a>, using poles from the woods (often hazel) and plastic tarpaulins, and are based on the designs of "Benders" by the <a href="/wiki/Romanies" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanies">Romanies</a> who arrived in Britain in the 15th Century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yaranga" title="Yaranga">Yarangas</a> have a similar shape, but can have internal rooms inside the dome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Colorado Wickiup Project. This project, which researches aboriginal wooden feature sites in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, has been conducted by the Dominquez Archaeological Research Group since 2003. From 2005 to 2012 the results were published in a seven-volume series.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/48px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/64px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a> (<i>hooghan</i> in <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>)—a dwelling that uses earth in its construction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a> or <i>kekuli</i> or <i>Kickwillie hole</i>—a type of <a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">pit-house</a> common in the Northwest Plateau of North America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a>, a somewhat comparable indigenous structure used by neighboring peoples in Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">Sweat lodge</a>—a ceremonial sauna that is often built in the wigwam style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam_Motel" title="Wigwam Motel">Wigwam Motel</a> or number of motels with a similar name.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wigwam_Stories" title="Wigwam Stories">Wigwam Stories</a></i> (1901), by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Catherine_Judd" title="Mary Catherine Judd">Mary Catherine Judd</a>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Angel_De_Cora" title="Angel De Cora">Angel De Cora</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Wigwams, also called wetus, were houses used by the Algonquian Indians who lived in the woodland regions. Wigwam means "house" in the Abenaki tribe and wetu means "house" in the Wampanoag tribe." <i>A Historical Look at American Indians</i>. [books.google.com/books?id=iavZMkdjp0MC]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a complete description, see "We are now ... properly ... enwigwamed." <i>British Soldiers and Brush Huts, 1776–1781</i>, John U. Rees, 2003 (originally published in the <i>Military Collector & Historian</i>, volume 55, number 2 (Summer 2003), 89-96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Opler: 22–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Opler: 385–386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wigwam">"wigwam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=wigwam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fwigwam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWigwam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wigwam">"wigwam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a></i> (Online). n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=wigwam&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fwigwam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWigwam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mohegan-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mohegan_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFielding2006" class="citation web cs1">Fielding, Stephanie (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/pdf/MoheganDictionary.pdf#page=109">"A Modern Mohegan Dictionary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cornell University Library</i>. The Mohegan Tribe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornell+University+Library&rft.atitle=A+Modern+Mohegan+Dictionary&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Fielding&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmc.library.cornell.edu%2Fpdf%2FMoheganDictionary.pdf%23page%3D109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWigwam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dargnet.org/wickiup_project.html?">"Colorado Wickiup Project"</a>. <i>Dominquez Archaeological Research Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dominquez+Archaeological+Research+Group&rft.atitle=Colorado+Wickiup+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdargnet.org%2Fwickiup_project.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWigwam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Opler, Morris E. (1941). <i>An Apache life-way: The economic, social, and religious institutions of the Chiricahua Indians</i>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted in 1962, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1965, New York: Cooper Square Publishers; 1965, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & 1994, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-8610-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-8610-4">0-8032-8610-4</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wigwam_or_Wickiup" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wigwam or Wickiup">Wigwam or Wickiup</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wigwam"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Wigwam">"Wigwam" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 629.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wigwam&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=629&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWigwam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028052113/http://www.geocities.com/~zybt/wikieup.htm">Chiricahua wickiup (picture)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasindians.com/wickiup.htm">making of a wickiup (including pictures)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/images/houses/wickiup4.html">drawing of a wickiup</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nativetech.org/wigwam/index.html">How to build a wigwam</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawkcircle.com/hcearthshelters.htm">Wigwam construction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090610030953/http://www.hawkcircle.com/hcearthshelters.htm">Archived</a> 2009-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hut_dwelling_designs_and_semi-permanent_human_shelters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Huts" title="Template:Huts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Huts" title="Template talk:Huts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Huts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Huts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hut_dwelling_designs_and_semi-permanent_human_shelters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwelling" title="Dwelling">dwelling</a> designs and semi-permanent human <a href="/wiki/Shelter_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter (building)">shelters</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional immobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_kubo" title="Bahay kubo">Bahay kubo</a> (Nipa hut)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_house" title="Beehive house">Beehive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothy" title="Bothy">Bothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunong_house" title="Bunong house">Bunong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bure_(Fiji)" title="Bure (Fiji)">Bure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleit" title="Cleit">Cleit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloch%C3%A1n" title="Clochán">Clochán (beehive hut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotto_(architecture)" title="Crotto (architecture)">Crotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funco_(architecture)" title="Funco (architecture)">Funco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girna" title="Girna">Girna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goahti" title="Goahti">Goahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpy" title="Humpy">Humpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_turf_house" title="Icelandic turf house">Icelandic turf house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapar_(dwelling)" title="Kapar (dwelling)">Kapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">Log cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloca" title="Maloca">Maloca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation_hut" title="Menstruation hut">Menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitato" title="Mitato">Mitato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgum_mud_huts" class="mw-redirect" title="Musgum mud huts">Musgum mud huts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orri" title="Orri">Orri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palloza" title="Palloza">Palloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmaq" title="Qarmaq">Qarmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinzhee" title="Quinzhee">Quinzhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondavel" title="Rondavel">Rondavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruka_(Mapuche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruka (Mapuche)">Ruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassi_di_Matera" title="Sassi di Matera">Sassi di Matera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shieling" title="Shieling">Shieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sod_house" title="Sod house">Sod house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkonan" title="Tongkonan">Tongkonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trullo" title="Trullo">Trullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukul" title="Tukul">Tukul</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wigwam, wickiup and wetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemlyanka" title="Zemlyanka">Zemlyanka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png/120px-Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png/180px-Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png/240px-Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="449" /></a></span><br /><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/48px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/64px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chum_(tent)" title="Chum (tent)">Chum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavvu" title="Lavvu">Lavvu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_hut" title="Shepherd's hut">Shepherd's hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaranga" title="Yaranga">Yaranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">Yurt and ger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ger_district" title="Ger district">Ger district</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/open_air" class="extiw" title="wikt:open air">Open-air</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_fale" title="Beach fale">Beach fale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabana" title="Cabana">Cabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">Gazebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palapa (Mexico)">Palapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergola" title="Pergola">Pergola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toguna" title="Toguna">Toguna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_hut" title="Beach hut">Beach hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexayurt" title="Hexayurt">Hexayurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_hut" title="Hopper hut">Hopper hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_hut" title="Iris hut">Iris hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissen_hut" title="Nissen hut">Nissen hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quonset_hut" title="Quonset hut">Quonset hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamesway_hut" title="Jamesway hut">Jamesway hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romney_hut" title="Romney hut">Romney hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondavel" title="Rondavel">Rondavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_hut" title="Slab hut">Slab hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twynham_hut" title="Twynham hut">Twynham hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_hut" title="Wilderness hut">Wilderness hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_club_hut" title="Alpine club hut">Alpine club hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_hut" title="Mountain hut">Mountain hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_room" title="Winter room">Winter room</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabanes_du_Breuil" title="Cabanes du Breuil">Cabanes du Breuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_linhay" title="Circular linhay">Circular linhay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_sheltering" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth sheltering">Earth sheltering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shack" title="Shack">Shack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed" title="Shed">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skellig_Michael" title="Skellig Michael">Skellig Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent" title="Tent">Tent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">Transhumance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_house" title="Tree house">Tree house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_des_Bories" title="Village des Bories">Village des Bories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Huts" title="Category:Huts"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing"><b>Portal</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Native_American_architecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_american_styles" title="Template:Native american styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_american_styles" title="Template talk:Native american styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_american_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native american styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Native_American_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Native American architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_architecture" title="Mesoamerican architecture">Mesoamerican</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puuc" title="Puuc">Puuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bec" title="Río Bec">Río Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolo_(Maya_site)" title="San Bartolo (Maya site)">San Bartolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Andean" title="Neo-Andean">Neo-Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/150px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/225px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/300px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="2139" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guachimontones" title="Guachimontones">Guachimontón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloca" title="Maloca">Maloca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican pyramid">Mesoamerican pyramid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triadic_pyramid" title="Triadic pyramid">Triadic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-pyramid_complex" title="Twin-pyramid complex">Twin-pyramids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_house" title="Plank house">Plank house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara" title="Pukara">Pukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmaq" title="Qarmaq">Qarmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiggly">Quiggly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qullqa" title="Qullqa">Qullqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruka_(house_type)" title="Ruka (house type)">Ruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabono" title="Shabono">Shabono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">Sweat lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temazcal" title="Temazcal">Temazcal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupiq" title="Tupiq">Tupiq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wigwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballcourt" title="Mesoamerican ballcourt">Ballcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chultun" title="Chultun">Chultun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuel" title="Cuel">Cuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Group" title="E-Group">E-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moki_steps" title="Moki steps">Moki steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_rope_bridge" title="Inca rope bridge">Rope bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacbe" title="Sacbe">Sacbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushnu" title="Ushnu">Ushnu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">Ashlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbel_arch" title="Corbel arch">Corbel arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_comb" title="Roof comb">Roof comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sascab" title="Sascab">Sascab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipapu" title="Sipapu">Sipapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talud-tablero" title="Talud-tablero">Talud-tablero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anishinaabe_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anishinaabe_Culture" title="Template:Anishinaabe Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anishinaabe_Culture" title="Template talk:Anishinaabe Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anishinaabe_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anishinaabe Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anishinaabe_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_clan_system" title="Anishinaabe clan system">Clan system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth and stories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aayaase" title="Aayaase">Aayaase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baykok" title="Baykok">Baykok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Woman" title="Deer Woman">Deer Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamcatcher" title="Dreamcatcher">Dreamcatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumkeeper" title="Drumkeeper">Drumkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_witch" title="Elbow witch">Elbow witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitche_Manitou" title="Gitche Manitou">Gitche Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Grand Medicine Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiibayaabooz" title="Jiibayaabooz">Jiibayaabooz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_dress" title="Jingle dress">Jingle dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_people_(mythology)" title="Little people (mythology)">Little people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitou" title="Manitou">Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Mishi-ginebig ("great snake")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudjekeewis" title="Mudjekeewis">Mudjekeewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanabozho" title="Nanabozho">Nanabozho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokomis" title="Nokomis">Nokomis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powwow" title="Powwow">Powwow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukwudgie" title="Pukwudgie">Pukwudgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_fires_prophecy" title="Seven fires prophecy">Seven fires prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingebis" title="Shingebis">Shingebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_the_Seven_Grandfathers" title="Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers">Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Island_(Indigenous_North_American_folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle Island (Indigenous North American folklore)">Turtle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Traditional beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendigo" title="Wendigo">Wendigo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiigwaasabak" title="Wiigwaasabak">Birch bark scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_dialect" title="Ottawa dialect">Ottawa dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_language" title="Potawatomi language">Potawatomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birchbark_biting" title="Birchbark biting">Birchbark biting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quillwork" title="Quillwork">Quillwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_work" title="Ribbon work">Ribbon work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">Wampum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">U.S. residential schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">Canadian residential schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Education">Primary</a>/<a href="/wiki/Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary Education">Secondary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig_School" title="Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School">Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannahville_Indian_School" title="Hannahville Indian School">Hannahville Indian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_K._Lumsden_Bahweting_Anishnabe_School" title="Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School">Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anishinabek_Educational_Institute" title="Anishinabek Educational Institute">Anishinabek Educational Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Mills_Community_College" title="Bay Mills Community College">Bay Mills Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Bay_Ojibwa_Community_College" title="Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College">Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Chippewa_Tribal_College" title="Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College">Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Housing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wigwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&oldid=1259587019">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wigwam&oldid=1259587019</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_types" title="Category:House types">House 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