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class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" id="search"> <input type="text" id="simple-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="float-right" id="tools"> <!-- start standard tools menu --> <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar"> <li><a href="/en/browse.php" title="Browse content by category" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Browse</span></a></li> <li><a href="/en/search.php" title="Use options such as Boolean operators and limiters" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Advanced Search</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="“Reader mode” hides everything but the navigation bar and the footer. To return to regular mode, click on "Exit reader mode" at top left." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Reader Mode</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Printer-friendly" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Printer-friendly</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end standard tools menu --> </div><!-- #tools --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> </div><!-- #col-search --> </div><!-- #row-logo --> </div><!-- #row-top-section --> <!-- END Header content --> <!-- Element 111 112 113 --> <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/announcements.php"> </div> <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row mobile-logo"> <div class="col-md-12"> <!-- Element 114 115 --> <a href="/en/"><img src="/img/dcb_en_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump"> <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 --> <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 --> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar"> <div id="sidebar-inner"> <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input> <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 --> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 --> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Version française"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Français</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/" title="Home"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Home</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">News</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">About Us</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contact Us</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Subscribe</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Donate</button></a> </div> </div> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <!-- sidebar-inner --> <!-- nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page. --> <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Outline">Outline</a> <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format format parameter may be all, start, end, li Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. Formats allow us to construct a single list group from multiple sources, to add custom li elements all prints <ul class="list-group"> then the items then </ul> start -> ul, li0...liN, end-> li0...liN, /ul li -> just li0...liN --> <!-- insert#outline-content 0 Element 130 --> <!-- insert#outline-content 1 Element 130 --> <!-- {{example:0}} simple --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-outline-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!-- END nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> --> <section style="display:none;"> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 0 Element 130 --> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 1 Element 130 --> </section> <!-- </nav> --> <!--JANUARY 18 2021 JB --> <!-- nav THEMES --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-special-description content#bio-special-caption Element 141 142 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 140 --> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 0 Element 140 --> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 --> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 --> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" role="presentation"> <!-- title#related-bios-description content#related-bios-caption Element 161 162 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 160 --> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 0 Element 160 --> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 1 Element 160 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav THEMES --> <!-- nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-history-description content#bio-history-caption Element 171 172 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 170 --> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 0 Element 170 --> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 1 Element 170 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- nav metadata --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-identifiers" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-identifiers-description content#metadata-identifiers-caption Element 181 182 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-identifiers" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-2-identifiers" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 180 --> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 0 Element 180 --> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 1 Element 180 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-birth-description content#metadata-birth-caption Element 191 192 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-birth" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 0 Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 1 Element 190 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-activity-description content#metadata-activity-caption Element 201 202 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 200 --> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 0 Element 200 --> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 1 Element 200 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav metadata --> <!-- nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-1"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- nav RED --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/new_biographies.html" title="New Biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">New Biographies</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/updated_biographies.html" title="Minor Corrections" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Minor Corrections</a></li> <li role="presentation"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Read the story of a subject who died or was born on this day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biography of the Day</a> <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/botd.php"> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--feed-item-sidebar--> <div class="see-all"> <strong><a href="/en/bio_of_the_day.html" class="see-all" title="See all previous entries for Biography of the Day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">See previous</a></strong> </div><!--see-all--> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelBioOfTheDay --> </li> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#special-project-description content#special-project-caption Element 211 212 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Significant themes in Canadian history and guides for educators">Themes, Essays, and Guides</a> <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup-items Element 210 --> <ul class="list-group"> <!-- insert#special-project-items 0 Element 210 --> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_confederation.html" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_first_world_war.html" title="The First World War">The First World War</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_femmes.html" title="Women in the DCB/DBC">Women in the DCB/DBC</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_sports.html" title="Sports">Sports</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_acadians_c19.html" title="The Acadians">The Acadians</a></li> <!-- insert#special-project-items 1 Element 210 --> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="see-all"> <a href="/en/gallery_special_projects.html" class="see-all" title="See all Themes, Essays, and Guides" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_themes_all">See complete list</a> </div> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </ul> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelSpecialProjects --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav RED--> <!-- nav SOCIAL 2 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="" id="sidebar-social-2"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 2 --> </ul> </nav> </div> </div><!-- /#sidebar --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area"> <!-- page-content used when bio not published and non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 0 Element 240 used by non-bio pages --> <h1>Subscribe to receive our newsletter</h1> <!-- ContactUsHandler.buildForm start --> <!-- ContactUsHandler.buildForm prefix --> <p>Each week the Dictionary of Canadian Biography/Dictionnaire biographique du Canada posts a new biography online.</p><p>By completing and submitting the form below, you agree to receive a weekly e-mail announcing the new entry and linking to it. Occasionally, we send other notices to our followers. (Note: You can unsubscribe at any time.)</p><!-- ContactUsHandler.buildForm body --> <div style="display:none;" class="alert alert-warning contact-error-banner" role="alert">Errors shown here</div><form id="contact_us_newsletter" action="contact_us_newsletter.php" method="POST" class="form" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="hidden" id="action" name="action" value="update" /><input type="hidden" id="brx-coordinated" name="brx-coordinated" value="update" /><div id="div-name" class="form-group"><label title="Name (*)" for="contact_us_newsletter_name">Name (*)</label><input type="text" id="name" name="name" class="form-control" size="10" value="" /></div> <div id="div-org" class="form-group"><label title="Organization" for="contact_us_newsletter_org">Organization</label><input type="text" id="org" name="org" class="form-control" size="10" value="" /></div> <div id="div-email" class="form-group"><label title="E-mail (*)" for="contact_us_newsletter_email">E-mail (*)</label><input type="text" id="email" name="email" class="form-control" size="10" value="" /></div> <div id="div-email2" class="form-group"><label title="E-mail (*)" for="contact_us_newsletter_email2">E-mail (*)</label><input type="text" id="email2" name="email2" class="form-control" size="10" value="" /></div> <div id="div-country" class="form-group"><label title="Country (*)" for="contact_us_newsletter_country">Country (*)</label><input type="text" id="country" name="country" class="form-control" size="10" value="" /></div> <div id="div-newsletter_first_name" class="form-group"><label title="First Name" for="contact_us_newsletter_newsletter_first_name">First Name</label><input type="text" id="newsletter_first_name" name="newsletter_first_name" class="form-control" size="10" value="" /></div> <div id="div-newsletter_surname" class="form-group"><label title="Surname" for="contact_us_newsletter_newsletter_surname">Surname</label><input type="text" id="newsletter_surname" name="newsletter_surname" class="form-control" size="10" value="" /></div> <div id="div-message" class="form-group"><label title="EN:UNDEF:contact_us_newsletter_message_caption" for="contact_us_newsletter_message">EN:UNDEF:contact_us_newsletter_message_caption</label><textarea id="message" name="message" rows="10" cols="80" class="form-control"></textarea></div> <div id="div-submit" class="form-group"><input type="submit" id="submit" name="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe" /></div> </form><!-- ContactUsHandler.buildForm suffix --> <!-- ContactUsHandler.buildForm end --> <!-- insert#page-content 1 Element 240 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="display:none;" id="summary" class="summary bio"> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 0 Element 250 --> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 1 Element 250 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="display:none;" id="first" class="bio"> <!-- Element 260 family --> <div style="display:none;" class="pull-left inset-area" id="bio-primary-image"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div id="bio-main-image" class="image-container left w600"> <!-- src#primary_image_href alt#primary_alt title#primary_description element 260 261 262 --> <a class="open-gallery" href="javascript:void()"><img class="img-responsive" src="" alt="" title=""></a> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 0 element 263 --> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 1 element 263 --> </div> </div> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 0 element 270 --> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 1 element 270 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="display:none;" id="second" class="biblio"> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 0 280 --> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 1 280 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 0 element 290 --> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 1 --> <!-- insert#copyright 0 element 300 --> <!-- insert#copyright 0 --> </section> <!--END BIBLIOGRAPHY--> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="display:none;" class="container-fluid reader-mode" id="bottom-content"> <div class="row"> </div> <!-- .row --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="display:none;" id="content-image-gallery" class="row"> <div id="image-gallery" class="col-xs-12 col-theme-white"> <h2 data-brx-ls="template_bio_image_gallery">Image Gallery</h2> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles startControl --> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- LIGHTBOX CAPTIONS --> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 0 element 310 --> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 1 element 310 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- LIGHTBOX DATA --> <!--CAPTIONS METHODS--> <div class="demo-gallery"> <ul id="captions" class="list-unstyled row"> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 0 element 311 --> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 1 element 311 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </ul> </div><!-- demo-gallery --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles endControl --> </div> </div><!-- .row --> <div class="row"> <div id="citations" class="column-section col-theme-white col-xs-12"> <!-- insert#bio-citation 0 Element 320 --> <!-- insert#bio-citation 1 Element 320 --> </div> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--END bottom-content --> </div><!-- /#content-area --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </div> <!-- row->mainrow --> <a id="button" data-brx-ls="template_return_to_top" title="Return to Top of Page"></a> </div><!-- /#bootstrap-wrapper --> <!-- insert#footer 0 Element 400 --> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="col-md-8 ut_laval"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/uoft3.svg"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www2.ulaval.ca/en/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/laval.svg"></a> </div> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="col-md-4 cmh"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.historymuseum.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/cmh-logo.svg"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-left"> We acknowledge the financial support of the Canadian Museum of History through the Online Works of Reference Program funded by the Government of Canada. </div> <div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-right"> Nous reconnaissons l'aide financière du Musée canadien de l'histoire à travers les œuvres du programme de référence en ligne financés par le gouvernement du Canada. </div> </div> </div> <!--FEBRUARY 7 2024 --> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="row chc-full"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.canada.ca/home.html"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/govCan.svg"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12"> <p>We acknowledge the support of the Government of Canada.</p> <hr class="chc-full"> <p>Nous reconnaissons l’appui du gouvernement du Canada.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--END FEBRUARY 7 2024 --> </div><!--END ROW--> <article id="involved"> <div class="col-md-12"> <p><span>© 2003-2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval</span></p> <p><a href="/en/contact_us_corrections.php" title="Suggest corrections or additions">Suggest corrections or additions</a></p> <p><a href="/en/notices.html" title="Terms governing use of website and the collection and use of personal information">Important Notices</a></p> <p><a href="/en/links.php" title="Links to related sites">Websites of Interest</a></p> </div> </article> </div> </footer> <!-- insert#footer 1 Element 400 --> <!-- was includes/login.php --> <div id="login-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="forgot-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="forgot-user-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="register-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="contact-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="choose-language" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="change-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <!-- was includes/msgbox.php --> <div style="display:none;" class="msgbox" id="msgbox"> <div class="text"> </div> <div class="twobuttons" id="msgbox_buttons"> <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a> <a class="cancel" href="javascript:void(0)">Cancel</a> </div> <div class="onebutton" id="msgbox_buttons_one"> <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a> </div> </div> <!-- <div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span>Exit reader mode</div> --> <div id="reader-mode-exit"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit" data-brx-ls="template_reader" title="Exit reader mode">Exit reader mode</button> </div> <!-- insert#show-keys 0 Element 500 --> <!-- insert#show-keys 1 Element 500 --> <!-- Compiled and minified JavaScript for jquery, jquery-ui and bootstrap 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document.location.protocol) ? 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Element 031 (moved from header to here) --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/contact_us_newsletter.js?time=1729526930"></script> <!-- #insert#page-scripts 0 Element 041 (moved from header to here) --> <script type="text/javascript"> var m_languageId = '1'; var m_title = "Subscribe to receive our newsletter"; var m_url_pch = 'http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1266037002102/1265993639778'; var m_url_ut = 'http://www.utoronto.ca/'; var m_url_ul = 'http://www2.ulaval.ca/en/'; var m_loggedIn = ''; $('#name').focus(); $(document).ready(function() { // here:ContactUsHandler:getJavascriptOnReady 0 // here:ContactUsHandler:getJavascriptOnReady action= console.log("ContactUsHandler:onReady"); // here:ContactUsHandler:getJavascriptOnReady 1 renderBreadcrumbs(); }); </script> <!-- #insert#page-scripts 1 Element 041 --> <script> var affixSettings = { offset: { top: 100, bottom: function() { return (this.bottom = $('.footer').outerHeight(true)) } } }; $('#myAffix').affix(affixSettings); </script> <!--LIGHT GALLERY --> <script src="/js/prettify.js"></script> <!-- replaced <script src="/js/picturefill.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> recent <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/3.0.3/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-Nh/FthCqOFq56kGp1DsNb6GKK29iIv2ZJc7Fylln1WRrWpeE5LjSBWeAp61dkBASDxZT12aL9mZyIrhsAqgRpw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- missing jtk-2020-01-a <script src="/js/video.js?id=1001"></script> --> <script src="/js/transition.js"></script> <!-- if link is replace locally on update. restore it to: with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- replace <script src="/js/lg-fullscreen.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- replace <script src="/js/lg-autoplay.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- insert#header-post-js 0 Element 043 --> <!-- insert#header-post-js 1 Element 043 --> <!-- replace <script src="/js/demos.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with nothing but if it turns out to be required with --> <!--BACK TO TOP --> <!-- <div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span><?=$reader_caption?></div> --> <!-- Element 510 --> <div id="reader-mode-exit"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit">Exit reader mode</button></div> <!--AFFIX--> </body> </html>