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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Telegrapiya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Telegrapiya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Telegrapiya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Telegrapiya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminolohiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_implikasyon_panlipunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_implikasyon_panlipunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mga implikasyon panlipunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_implikasyon_panlipunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_popular_na_kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_popular_na_kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sa popular na kultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_popular_na_kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tingnan din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Telegrapiya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 76 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="إبراق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إبراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="التلغراف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التلغراف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF" title="টেলিগ্রাফি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেলিগ্রাফি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafija" title="Telegrafija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Telegrafija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="تەلەگراف – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەلەگراف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangaram" title="Tangaram – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tangaram" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAlegraf" title="Têlegraf – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Têlegraf" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τηλεγραφία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τηλεγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Telegraphy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafio" title="Telegrafio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Telegrafio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraafside" title="Telegraafside – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Telegraafside" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="تلگراف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلگراف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9graphie" title="Télégraphie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télégraphie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teileagrafa%C3%ADocht" title="Teileagrafaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teileagrafaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealan-sp%C3%A8id" title="Dealan-spèid – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dealan-spèid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="טלגרפיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB" title="टेलीग्राफ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेलीग्राफ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafija" title="Telegrafija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Telegrafija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Հեռագրական կապ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեռագրական կապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rits%C3%ADmi" title="Ritsími – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ritsími" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="電報 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電報" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტელეგრაფი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტელეგრაფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%B3%B4" title="전보 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전보" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphia" title="Telegraphia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telegraphia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafas" title="Telegrafas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Telegrafas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegr%C4%81fs" title="Telegrāfs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Telegrāfs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Телеграфија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Телеграфија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD" title="കമ്പിത്തപാൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പിത്തപാൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကြေးနန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြေးနန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="टेलेग्राफी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टेलेग्राफी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%84%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="ټلګرافي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټلګرافي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Telegraphy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Телеграфија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Телеграфија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafu" title="Telegrafu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Telegrafu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="தந்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="తంతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తంతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82" title="โทรเลข – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทรเลข" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telgraf" title="Telgraf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Telgraf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Телеграфний зв'язок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телеграфний зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="ٹیلی گرافی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹیلی گرافی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafiya" title="Telegrafiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Telegrafiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_b%C3%A1o" title="Điện báo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện báo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapiya" title="Telegrapiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Telegrapiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="电报 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电报" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტელეგრაფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტელეგრაფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2" title="טעלעגראפיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעלעגראפיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="电报 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电报" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-p%C3%B2" title="Tiān-pò – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-pò" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="電報 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電報" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q721587#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:OptischerTelegraf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/220px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/330px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/440px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption> Replika ng telegrapong Chappe sa Litermont malapit sa Nalbach, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <b>telegrapiya</b> ay ang malayuang pagpapadala ng mga mensahe kung saan gumagamit ang nagpadala ng mga simbolikong kodigo, na kilala ng tatanggap, sa halip na isang pisikal na pagpapalitan ng isang bagay na nagdadala ng mensahe. Kaya ang <a href="/wiki/Semaporong_watawat" title="Semaporong watawat">semaporong watawat</a> ay isang paraan ng telegrapiya, samantalang hindi ang pagpapadala ng mensahe sa pamamagitan ng kalapati. Ang mga sinaunang sistema ng pagbibigay ng senyas, bagama't kung minsan ay napakalawak at sopistikado tulad ng sa <a href="/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina">Tsina</a>, ay karaniwang hindi kayang magpadala ng mga arbitraryong mensaheng teksto. Naayos at paunang natukoy ang mga posibleng mensahe, kaya hindi totoong telegrapo ang mga ganitong sistema. </p><p>Ang pinakamaagang totoong telegrapo na ginamit nang malawakan ay ang telegrapong Chappe, isang telegrapong optikal na naimbento ni Claude Chappe noong huling bahagi ng ika-18 dantaon. Malawakang ginamit ang sistema sa <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a>, at mga bansang <a href="/wiki/Europeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeo">Europeo</a> na sinakop ng Pransya, sa panahong Napoleoniko. Nagsimulang palitan ng telegrapong elektriko ang telegrapong optikal noong kalagitnaan ng ika-19 na dantaon. Una itong kinuha ng <a href="/wiki/Gran_Britanya" title="Gran Britanya">Britanya</a> sa anyong telegrapong Cooke at Wheatstone, na unang ginamit bilang isang tulong sa pagsesensyas sa <a href="/wiki/Biyaheng_daambakal" title="Biyaheng daambakal">daang-riles</a>. Mabilis itong sinundan ng ibang sistema na binuo sa <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> ni Samuel Morse. Mabagal na umunlad ang telegrapong elektriko sa Pransiya dahil sa itinatag na ang sistemang telegrapong optikal, subalit isang telegrapong elektrikal ang ginamit sa isang kodigong katugma sa telegrapong optikal ni Chappe. Ang sistemang Morse ay pinagtibay bilang internasyonal na pamantayan noong 1865, gamit ang isang binagong <a href="/wiki/Kodigong_Morse" title="Kodigong Morse">kodigong Morse</a> na binuo sa <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a> noong 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang heliyograpo ay isang sistemang telegrapo na gumagamit ng pinatalbog na sikat ng araw para sa pagbibigay ng senyas. Pangunahing ginagamit ito sa mga lugar kung saan hindi pa naitatag ang telegrapong elektrikal at karaniwang ginagamit ang parehong kodigo. Ang pinakamalawak na <i>network</i> ng heliyograpo na itinatag ay sa <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bagong_Mehiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagong Mehiko">Bagong Mehiko</a>, Estados Unidos noong panahon ng Digmaang Apache. Karaniwang kagamitang pangmilitar ang heliyograpo noong <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>. Ang telegrapiyang walang kawad o <i>wireless</i> na binuo noong unang bahagi ng ika-20 dantaon ay naging mahalaga para sa paggamit sa dagat, at naging katunggali sa telegrapiyang pang-elektriko gamit ang mga kableng telegrapong submarino sa mga internasyonal na <a href="/wiki/Komunikasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Komunikasyon">komunikasyon</a>. </p><p>Ang mga <a href="/wiki/Telegrama" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegrama">telegrama</a> ay naging isang tanyag na paraan ng pagpapadala ng mga mensahe nang bumagsak nang sapat ang mga presyo ng telegrapo. Sapat na naging mataas ang trapiko upang mag-udyok sa pagbuo ng mga sistemang awtomatiko—mga <i>teleprinter</i> at pagpapadala ng <i>punched tape</i> (binutas na teyp). Humantong ang mga sistemang ito sa mga bagong kodigong telegrapo, simula sa kodigong Baudot. Gayunpaman, hindi kailanman nagawang makipagkumpitensya ng mga telegrama sa presyo ng <a href="/wiki/Koreo" title="Koreo">koreo</a> ng sulat, at ang kumpetisyon sa <a href="/wiki/Telepono" title="Telepono">telepono</a>, na nag-alis ng kanilang kalamangan sa bilis, at nagtulak sa telegrapo sa paghina nito mula 1920 pataas. Naungusan ang ilang natitirang mga aplikasyon ng telegrapo ng mga alternatibo sa <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> sa pagtatapos ng ika-20 dantaon. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminolohiya">Terminolohiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Terminolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Terminolohiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang salitang <i>telegrapo</i> (mula sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Sinaunang_Griyego" title="Wikang Sinaunang Griyego">Sinaunang Griyego</a>: <span lang="grc" title="Sinaunang Griyego language text">τῆλε</span> [<i lang="grc"><a href="https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/tele-#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:tele-">têle</a></i>] 'sa malayo' at <span lang="grc" title="Sinaunang Griyego language text">γράφειν</span> [<i lang="grc"><a href="https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-graphy#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:-graphy">gráphein</a></i>] 'magsulat') ay likha ng imbentor na Pranses ng telegrapong semaporo na si Claude Chappe, na siya ring lumikha ng salitang <i>semaporo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang telegrapo ay isang aparato para sa pagpapadala at pagtanggap ng mga mensahe sa malalayong distansya, ibig sabihin, para sa telegrapiya. Karawniang tumutukoy ang salitang <i>telegrapo</i> sa isang de-kuryenteng telegrapo. Ang telegrapiyang walang kawad ay pagpapadala ng mga mensahe sa <a href="/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo">radyo</a> na may mga kodigong telegrapiko. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Cooke_and_Wheatstone_electric_telegraph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_electric_telegraph.jpg/220px-Cooke_and_Wheatstone_electric_telegraph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_electric_telegraph.jpg/330px-Cooke_and_Wheatstone_electric_telegraph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_electric_telegraph.jpg/440px-Cooke_and_Wheatstone_electric_telegraph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="3052" /></a><figcaption> Telegrapong Cooke at Wheatstone na may limang karayon, anim na kawad (1837)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_implikasyon_panlipunan">Mga implikasyon panlipunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga implikasyon panlipunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mga implikasyon panlipunan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pinalaya ng telegrapong elektriko ang komunikasyon mula sa mga hadlang sa oras ng <a href="/wiki/Koreo" title="Koreo">koreo</a> at binago ang pandaigdigang <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya">ekonomiya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lipunan" title="Lipunan">lipunan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eh.net_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eh.net-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa pagtatapos ng ika-19 na dantaon, naging mas karaniwang midyum ng komunikasyon ang telegrapo para sa mga ordinaryong tao. Inihiwalay ng telegrapo ang mensahe (<a href="/wiki/Impormasyon" title="Impormasyon">impormasyon</a>) mula sa pisikal na paggalaw ng mga bagay o proseso.<sup id="cite_ref-Carey,_James_1989_p._210_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carey,_James_1989_p._210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sa_popular_na_kultura">Sa popular na kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa popular na kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sa popular na kultura"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang telegrapong optikal ay mabilis na nakalimutan sa sandaling nawala ito sa serbisyo. Habang nasa operasyon ito, pamilyar na pamilyar dito ang publiko sa buong Europa. Lumilitaw ang mga halimbawa sa maraming mga pinta noong panahong iyon. Kasama sa mga <a href="/wiki/Tula" class="mw-redirect" title="Tula">tula</a> nakatuon sa telegrapo ang "Le Telégraphe" ni <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, at ang koleksyong <i>Telegrafen: Optisk kalender för 1858</i> ni Elias Sehistedt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa mga <a href="/wiki/Nobela" title="Nobela">nobela</a>, ang telegrapo ay isang pangunahing bahagi sa <i>Lucien Leuwen</i> ni Stendhal, at nagtatampok ito sa <i>The Count of Monte Cristo</i>, ni <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holzmann_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holzmann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:vii–ix</sup> Ang <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> ni Joseph Chudy noong 1796, ang <i>Der Telegraph oder die Fernschreibmaschine</i>, ay isinulat upang isapubliko ang telegrapo ni Chudy (isang kodigong binaryo na may limang lampara) nang maging malinaw na kinuha ang disenyo ni Chappe.<sup id="cite_ref-Holzmann_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holzmann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:42–43</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Tingnan din"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telekomunikasyon" title="Telekomunikasyon">Telekomunikasyon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edinformatics.com/inventions_inventors/morse_code.htm">"History and technology of Morse Code"</a>. <i>EDinformatics</i> (sa wikang Ingles).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EDinformatics&rft.atitle=History+and+technology+of+Morse+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinformatics.com%2Finventions_inventors%2Fmorse_code.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ATelegrapiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFShectman2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shectman, Jonathan (2003). <i>Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 18th Century</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Bloomsbury Academic. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9780313320156" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9780313320156"><bdi>9780313320156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Groundbreaking+Scientific+Experiments%2C+Inventions%2C+and+Discoveries+of+the+18th+Century&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780313320156&rft.aulast=Shectman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ATelegrapiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Downey, Gregory J. (2002) <i>Telegraph Messenger Boys: Labor, Technology, and Geography, 1850–1950</i>, Routledge, New York and London, p. 7 (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eh.net-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eh.net_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Economic History Encyclopedia (2010) "History of the U.S. Telegraph Industry", <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502202633/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/nonnenmacher.industry.telegraphic.us">"EH.Net Encyclopedia: History of the U.S. Telegraph Industry"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/nonnenmacher.industry.telegraphic.us">orihinal</a> noong 2006-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2005-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EH.Net+Encyclopedia%3A+History+of+the+U.S.+Telegraph+Industry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feh.net%2Fencyclopedia%2Farticle%2Fnonnenmacher.industry.telegraphic.us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ATelegrapiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carey,_James_1989_p._210-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Carey,_James_1989_p._210_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carey, James (1989). <i>Communication as Culture</i>, Routledge, New York and London, p. 210 (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sehlstedt, Elias, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/telegrafen/"><i>Telegrafen: Optisk Kalender för 1858</i></a> (), Tryckt Hos Joh Beckman, 1857. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9171201823" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9171201823">9171201823</a>. (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holzmann-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Holzmann_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Holzmann_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerard J. Holzmann; Björn Pehrson, <i>The Early History of Data Networks</i>, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1995 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0818667826" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0818667826">0818667826</a>. (sa Ingles)</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&oldid=2115847">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telegrapiya&oldid=2115847</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Telekomunikasyon" title="Kategorya:Telekomunikasyon">Telekomunikasyon</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en)" title="Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)">Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_naglalaman_ng_Sinaunang_Griyego" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Sinaunang Griyego">Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Sinaunang Griyego</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 05:21, 31 Mayo 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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