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<li id="toc-Etruscan_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etruscan_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etruscan era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etruscan_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_and_post-Roman_eras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_and_post-Roman_eras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Roman and post-Roman eras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_and_post-Roman_eras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papal_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papal_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Papal rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papal_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Duomo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Duomo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Duomo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Duomo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orvieto_Città_del_Corpus_Domini_and_Papal_residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orvieto_Città_del_Corpus_Domini_and_Papal_residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Orvieto Città del Corpus Domini and Papal residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orvieto_Città_del_Corpus_Domini_and_Papal_residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Underground_tunneling_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underground_tunneling_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Underground tunneling system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underground_tunneling_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Albornoz_fortress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Albornoz_fortress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>The Albornoz fortress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Albornoz_fortress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orvieto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88" title="أورفييتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أورفييتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ارویه‌تو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارویه‌تو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Арвіета – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арвіета" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орвието – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орвието" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto_(kapital_sa_munisipyo)" title="Orvieto (kapital sa munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Orvieto (kapital sa munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Ορβιέτο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορβιέτο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ارویه‌تو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارویه‌تو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%97%90%ED%86%A0" title="오르비에토 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오르비에토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Օրվիետո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրվիետո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95" title="אורבייטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורבייטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಒರ್ವ್ಯೇಟೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒರ್ವ್ಯೇಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орвието – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орвието" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbs_Vetus" title="Urbs Vetus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Urbs Vetus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvjetas" title="Orvjetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orvjetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орвјето – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Орвјето" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اورفييتو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اورفييتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="オルヴィエート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オルヴィエート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орвието – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Орвието" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орвието – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орвието" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvietu" title="Orvietu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Orvietu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орвијето – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Орвијето" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орвието – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Орвието" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B2%27%D1%94%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Орв'єто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орв'єто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ارویتو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارویتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E8%80%B6%E6%89%98" title="奥尔维耶托 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥尔维耶托" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Orvieto" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orvieto&params=42_43_06_N_12_06_37_E_region:IT_type:city(20253)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°43′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°06′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.71833°N 12.11028°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.71833; 12.11028</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and comune in Umbria, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Orvieto (disambiguation)">Orvieto (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Umbria, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Orvieto</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Città di Orvieto</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_orvieto_aerial_pano_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1_orvieto_aerial_pano_2024.jpg/250px-1_orvieto_aerial_pano_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1_orvieto_aerial_pano_2024.jpg/375px-1_orvieto_aerial_pano_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1_orvieto_aerial_pano_2024.jpg/500px-1_orvieto_aerial_pano_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8383" data-file-height="5243" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orvieto-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Orvieto"><img alt="Coat of arms of Orvieto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Orvieto-Stemma.svg/58px-Orvieto-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Orvieto-Stemma.svg/86px-Orvieto-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Orvieto-Stemma.svg/115px-Orvieto-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Orvieto</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_98003d681c854c0bca944241ba9e3c2830ad39e2"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Orvieto&revid=1246103982&groups=_98003d681c854c0bca944241ba9e3c2830ad39e2" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Orvieto&revid=1246103982&groups=_98003d681c854c0bca944241ba9e3c2830ad39e2 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orvieto is located in Italy"><img alt="Orvieto is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.691%;left:46.174%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Orvieto"><img alt="Orvieto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Orvieto</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Orvieto in Italy</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orvieto is located in Umbria"><img alt="Orvieto is located in Umbria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="542" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.447%;left:16.332%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Orvieto"><img alt="Orvieto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Orvieto</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Orvieto (Umbria)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Umbria</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orvieto&params=42_43_06_N_12_06_37_E_region:IT_type:city(20253)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°43′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°06′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.71833°N 12.11028°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.71833; 12.11028</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Terni" title="Province of Terni">Terni</a> (TR)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazioni</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>Bagni di Orvieto, Bardano, Baschi Scalo, Benano, Biagio, Botto di Orvieto, Canale di Orvieto, Canonica, Capretta, Ciconia, Colonnetta di Prodo, Corbara, Fossatello, Morrano, Orvieto Scalo, Osteria Nuova, Padella, Prodo, Rocca Ripesena, San Faustino, Sferracavallo, Stazione di Castiglione, Sugano, <a href="/wiki/Titignano,_Orvieto" title="Titignano, Orvieto">Titignano</a>, Tordimonte, Torre San Severo</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Roberta Tardani<sup id="cite_ref-mayor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Party_(Italy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Party (Italy) (page does not exist)">P</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">281.27 km<sup>2</sup> (108.60 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">325 m (1,066 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,253</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">72/km<sup>2</sup> (190/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Orvietani</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">05018</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0763</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph">St. Joseph</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">19 March</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.orvieto.tr.it">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Facciata_del_Duomo_di_Orvieto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Facciata_del_Duomo_di_Orvieto.JPG/250px-Facciata_del_Duomo_di_Orvieto.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Facciata_del_Duomo_di_Orvieto.JPG/375px-Facciata_del_Duomo_di_Orvieto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Facciata_del_Duomo_di_Orvieto.JPG/500px-Facciata_del_Duomo_di_Orvieto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Facade of the <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral" title="Orvieto Cathedral">Orvieto Cathedral</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orvieto_italy_well.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Orvieto_italy_well.jpg/250px-Orvieto_italy_well.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Orvieto_italy_well.jpg/375px-Orvieto_italy_well.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Orvieto_italy_well.jpg/500px-Orvieto_italy_well.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pozzo_di_San_Patrizio" title="Pozzo di San Patrizio">Pozzo di San Patrizio</a>, a well built for the popes.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orvieto_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Orvieto_1.JPG/250px-Orvieto_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Orvieto_1.JPG/375px-Orvieto_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Orvieto_1.JPG/500px-Orvieto_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The site of Orvieto was once an Etruscan acropolis.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Orvieto</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[orˈvjɛːto]</a></span>) is a city and <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Terni" title="Province of Terni">Province of Terni</a>, southwestern <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>, Italy, situated on the flat summit of a large <a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">butte</a> of volcanic <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuff</a>. The city rises dramatically above the almost-vertical faces of tuff cliffs that are completed by defensive walls built of the same stone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Orvieto##" title="Talk:Orvieto">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Orvieto%22">"Orvieto"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Orvieto%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Orvieto%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Orvieto%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Orvieto%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Orvieto%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etruscan_era">Etruscan era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etruscan era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient city (<i>urbs vetus</i> in Latin, whence "Orvieto"), populated since <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> times, has usually been associated with Etruscan <a href="/wiki/Velzna" class="mw-redirect" title="Velzna">Velzna</a>, but some modern scholars differ. Orvieto was certainly a major centre of <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a>; the archaeological museum (Museo Claudio Faina e Museo Civico) houses some of the Etruscan artifacts that have been recovered in the immediate area. A tomb in the Orvieto Cannicella <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> bears the inscription <i>mi aviles katacinas</i>, "I am of Avile Katacina"; the tomb's occupant thus bore an Etruscan-Latin first name, <a href="/wiki/Aulus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aulus (disambiguation)">Aulus</a>, and a family name that is believed to be of Celtic origin (derived from "Catacos"). This interesting artifact might show the complexity of ethnic relations in ancient Italy, and how such relations could be peaceful. </p><p>Also in the area is the <a href="/wiki/Golini_Tomb" title="Golini Tomb">Golini Tomb</a>, which was constructed in the fourth century BCE. Its wall paintings depict a funeral banquet, giving some insight into the real-life gatherings held after the deaths of aristocratic Etruscans. The pictures include scenes of servants preparing for the feast in various ways.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_and_post-Roman_eras">Roman and post-Roman eras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman and post-Roman eras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orvieto was annexed by Rome in the third century BC. Because of its site on a high, steep bluff of tuff, a volcanic rock, the city was virtually impregnable. After the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> its defensible site gained new importance: the episcopal seat was transferred from <a href="/wiki/Bolsena" title="Bolsena">Bolsena</a>, and the city was held by <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> before its <a href="/wiki/Medieval_commune" title="Medieval commune">self-governing commune</a> was established in the tenth century, in which consuls governed under a <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal oath of fealty</a> to the bishop. Orvieto's relationship to the papacy has been a close one; in the tenth century <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_VII" title="Pope Benedict VII">Pope Benedict VII</a> visited the city of Orvieto with his nephew, Filippo Alberici, who later settled there and became <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">Consul</a> of the city-state in 1016. By the thirteenth century, three papal palaces had been built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orvieto_aerial_panorama._June_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Orvieto_aerial_panorama._June_2024.jpg/220px-Orvieto_aerial_panorama._June_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Orvieto_aerial_panorama._June_2024.jpg/330px-Orvieto_aerial_panorama._June_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Orvieto_aerial_panorama._June_2024.jpg/440px-Orvieto_aerial_panorama._June_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3308" /></a><figcaption>Orvieto aerial panorama. June 2024.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Another_aerial_perspective_of_Orvieto_to_reveal_its_flat_summit_on_a_large_butte_of_volcanic_tuff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Another_aerial_perspective_of_Orvieto_to_reveal_its_flat_summit_on_a_large_butte_of_volcanic_tuff.jpg/220px-Another_aerial_perspective_of_Orvieto_to_reveal_its_flat_summit_on_a_large_butte_of_volcanic_tuff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Another_aerial_perspective_of_Orvieto_to_reveal_its_flat_summit_on_a_large_butte_of_volcanic_tuff.jpg/330px-Another_aerial_perspective_of_Orvieto_to_reveal_its_flat_summit_on_a_large_butte_of_volcanic_tuff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Another_aerial_perspective_of_Orvieto_to_reveal_its_flat_summit_on_a_large_butte_of_volcanic_tuff.jpg/440px-Another_aerial_perspective_of_Orvieto_to_reveal_its_flat_summit_on_a_large_butte_of_volcanic_tuff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3304" /></a><figcaption>Another aerial perspective of Orvieto to reveal its flat summit on a large butte of volcanic tuff</figcaption></figure> <p>Orvieto, sitting on its impregnable rock controlling the road between Florence and Rome where it crossed the Chiana, was a large town: its population numbered about 30,000 at the end of the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its municipal institutions already recognized in a papal bull of 1157,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1201 Orvieto governed itself through a <a href="/wiki/Podest%C3%A0" title="Podestà">podestà</a>, who was as often as not the bishop, however, acting in concert with a military governor, the "captain of the people". The city was divided into four rione or districts: Serancia, San Giovenale, Postierla, and Santa pace. In the 13th century bitter feuds divided the city, which was at the apogée of its wealth but found itself often at odds with the papacy, even under <a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">interdict</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Pope Urban IV</a> stayed at Orvieto from 1262 to 1264. </p><p>The city became one of the major cultural centers of its time when <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> taught at the <i>studium</i> there. A small university (now part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">University of Perugia</a>), had its origins in a <i><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">studium generale</a></i> that was granted to the city by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> in 1236. After teaching in Orvieto, Aquinas was called to Rome in 1265 to serve as papal theologian to the newly elected <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a>, and as <a href="/wiki/Regent_master" title="Regent master">Regent master</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">Santa Sabina</a> <i>studium provinciale</i>, the forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, <i>Angelicum</i></a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papal_rule">Papal rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Papal rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory of Orvieto was under papal control long before it was officially added to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (various dates are quoted). It remained a papal possession until 1860, when it was annexed to <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unified Italy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Duomo">The Duomo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Duomo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Orvieto" title="Special:EditPage/Orvieto">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral" title="Orvieto Cathedral">Orvieto Cathedral</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duomo_di_Orvieto_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Duomo_di_Orvieto_2014.JPG/220px-Duomo_di_Orvieto_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Duomo_di_Orvieto_2014.JPG/330px-Duomo_di_Orvieto_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Duomo_di_Orvieto_2014.JPG/440px-Duomo_di_Orvieto_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>The monumental <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Orvieto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Orvieto">Cathedral of Orvieto</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 November 1290, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Pope Nicholas IV</a> laid the cornerstone for the present building and dedicated it to the Assumption of the Virgin, a feast for which the city had a long history of special devotion. The design has often been attributed to <a href="/wiki/Arnolfo_di_Cambio" title="Arnolfo di Cambio">Arnolfo di Cambio</a>, but the prevailing modern opinion is that the master mason was an obscure monk named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fra%27_Bevignate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fra' Bevignate (page does not exist)">Fra' Bevignate</a> from Perugia. The church is striped in white <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> and greenish-black <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> in narrow bands, similar in many ways to the <a href="/wiki/Siena_Cathedral" title="Siena Cathedral">cathedral of Siena</a> and other central Italian cathedrals of that era. In the following decade, cathedral authorities called Sienese architect and sculptor <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Maitani" title="Lorenzo Maitani">Lorenzo Maitani</a> to stabilize the building and design a façade. He enlarged the choir and planned a transept with two chapels (c. 1308–1330), spaces that were not finished until long after his death. The cathedral has five bells, tuned in E flat, which date back to the renaissance. </p><p>The façade (<i>illustration above</i>) is particularly striking and includes some remarkable sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Maitani" title="Lorenzo Maitani">Lorenzo Maitani</a> (14th century). Inside the cathedral, the <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_San_Brizio" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapel of San Brizio">Chapel of San Brizio</a> is frescoed by <a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Luca_Signorelli" title="Luca Signorelli">Luca Signorelli</a>'s masterpiece, his <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></i> (1449–51). The <a href="/wiki/Corporal_of_Bolsena" title="Corporal of Bolsena">Corporal of Bolsena</a>, on view in the <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Orvieto" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Orvieto">Duomo</a>, dates from a eucharistic miracle in <a href="/wiki/Bolsena" title="Bolsena">Bolsena</a> in 1263, when a consecrated host began to bleed onto a corporal, the small cloth upon which the host and chalice rest during the canon of the Mass. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orvieto_Città_del_Corpus_Domini_and_Papal_residence"><span id="Orvieto_Citt.C3.A0_del_Corpus_Domini_and_Papal_residence"></span>Orvieto Città del Corpus Domini and Papal residence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Orvieto Città del Corpus Domini and Papal residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_and_the_popes" title="Orvieto and the popes">Orvieto and the popes</a></div> <p>From the 11th century onward, the popes maintained political presence in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">papal territory</a> which occupied central Italy. Together with his court, the pope moved from palace to palace in the manner of his European secular counterparts. Several central Italian cities hosted the pope and his retinue during the years of wandering, housing them in the bishop's palace. Outside Rome, only Orvieto and <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a> (and eventually <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>) had papal palaces. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Pope Adrian IV</a> (1154–59) was the first pope to spend significant time in Orvieto. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> (1198–1216), was a militant opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Cathar</a> heresy, which had infiltrated the city, and took measures to eradicate that heresy. In 1227, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> confirmed the Dominican <i><a href="/wiki/Studium_generale" title="Studium generale">studium generale</a></i> in Orvieto, a school of theology, and one of the first in Europe. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Pope Urban IV</a> (1261–64), a Frenchman who was crowned in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Domenico,_Viterbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Domenico, Viterbo (page does not exist)">Dominican church in Viterbo</a> and who spent most of his papacy in Orvieto, also left important legacies in the city. In 1263, he began a papal palace, perhaps the first outside Rome, and consecrated the new <a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Orvieto" title="San Domenico, Orvieto">Dominican church in Orvieto</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Pope Nicholas IV</a> (1288–92) chose Orvieto over his hometown of Rome as seat of the <a href="/wiki/Curia" title="Curia">Curia</a> in 1291–92, establishing the meeting of the Curia in Orvieto as a tradition. He was rewarded by the Orvietans by being elected Podestà and Capitano del Popolo, the first pope to hold civic offices in the city. </p><p>His successor <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a> (1294–1303) continued the papal tie to Orvieto. Although often criticized by historians for nepotism and greed, the Orvietans were recipients of the pope's generosity, and honored Boniface by electing him city Capitano and Podestà in 1297 and Capitano again in 1298. He built the third and final papal palace, the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Soliano" title="Palazzo Soliano">Palazzo Soliano</a>. He also donated statues of himself at the main city gates, which earned him some criticism from his many enemies. <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XI">Benedict XI</a> (1288–1305) was the last pope to live in Italy before the Avignon papacy. During the years from Nicholas IV until Benedict XI Orvieto hosted the pope more frequently than Rome, and discussions continued as to whether or not Rome should remain the papal city. Urban IV with the Bolla <a href="/wiki/Transiturus" title="Transiturus">Transiturus</a> established and promulgated in 1264 from Orvieto to the Christian universe the solemnity of <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Domini" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Domini">Corpus Domini</a> which the entire Catholic world celebrates. Supporting pillars of the institution of the universal Christian Eucharistic solemnity were Saints <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> and Bonaventure of Bagnoregio, who together with Hugues de St-Cher were readers in the Studium Curiae of Orvieto. Pope <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas V">Nicholas V</a> (1447–55) gave support to the city. In a letter of 1449, the pope gave money for the restoration of the episcopal palace that originally had been a project of Nicholas IV. He also allowed <a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a> to begin painting in the Cappella Nuova of the cathedral. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">sack of Rome in 1527</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor Charles V</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> took refuge at Orvieto. Fearing that in the event of siege by Charles's troops the city's water might prove insufficient, he commissioned a spectacular 62 meter deep <a href="/wiki/Water_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Water well">well</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Pozzo_di_San_Patrizio" title="Pozzo di San Patrizio">Pozzo di San Patrizio</a></i> or "Well of St. Patrick". This Italian name, inspired by medieval legends that <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Purgatory" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Purgatory">St. Patrick's Purgatory</a> in Ireland gave access down to <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a>, was used to indicate something very deep. The construction was by the architect-engineer <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Younger" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Younger">Antonio da Sangallo the Younger</a>. The central well shaft was surrounded by ramps in a <a href="/wiki/Double_helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Double helix">double helix</a>, similar to Saladin's Well. These ramps were each designed for one-way traffic, so that <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mules</a> laden with water-jars might pass down and then up unobstructed. An inscription on the well boasts that <small>QUOD NATURA MUNIMENTO INVIDERAT INDUSTRIA ADIECIT</small> ("what nature stinted for provision, application has supplied"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Underground_tunneling_system">Underground tunneling system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Underground tunneling system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Orvieto##" title="Talk:Orvieto">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Orvieto%22">"Orvieto"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Orvieto%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Orvieto%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Orvieto%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Orvieto%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Orvieto%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orvieto_Underground.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Orvieto_Underground.jpg/250px-Orvieto_Underground.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Orvieto_Underground.jpg/375px-Orvieto_Underground.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Orvieto_Underground.jpg/500px-Orvieto_Underground.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The underground tunneling system.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Orvieto has long kept the secret of its <a href="/wiki/Labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">labyrinth</a> of caves and tunnels that lie beneath the surface. Dug deep into the <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuff</a>, a volcanic rock, these secret hidden tunnels are now open to view only through guided tours. Their spectacular nature has also yielded many historical and archeological finds. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm_College" title="Saint Anselm College">Saint Anselm College</a> has set up a program where each summer, students travel to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> to work at the college's archaeology site located at the Coriglia excavation site, just outside town.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The underground city boasts more than 1200 tunnels, galleries, wells, stairs, quarries, cellars, unexpected passageways, cisterns, superimposed rooms with numerous small square niches for pigeon roosts, detailing its creation over the centuries. Many of the homes of noble families were equipped with a means of escape from the elevated city during times of <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> through secret escape tunnels carved from the soft rock. The tunnels would lead from the city palazzo to emerge at a safe exit point some distance away from city walls. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orvieto-Street2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orvieto-Street2.jpg/170px-Orvieto-Street2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orvieto-Street2.jpg/255px-Orvieto-Street2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orvieto-Street2.jpg/340px-Orvieto-Street2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A narrow <i>vicolo</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Albornoz_fortress">The Albornoz fortress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Albornoz fortress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Orvieto" title="Special:EditPage/Orvieto">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Piazza Cahen stands the Fortezza dell'Albornoz. It was built by order of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Albornoz" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Albornoz">Cardinal Albornoz</a> under orders from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VI" title="Pope Innocent VI">Pope Innocent VI</a> and designed by condottiero and military engineer Ugolino di Montemarte. The Albornoz fortress stands on an area that was once occupied by a temple known by the Latin name <i>Augurale</i>. </p><p>Originally known as the Rocca di San Martino, construction on this massive fortress started either in 1359 or 1353 near the town's cemetery. Its aim was to provide the church a secure site in the city and allow the cardinal and his captains to consolidate recent military victories. </p><p>In its original square plan the fortress was flanked by a small building near the main entrance and surrounded by a moat, crossed by a drawbridge. However, the Rocca was almost completely razed to the ground in 1395 and successive attempts to rebuild it were unsuccessful. The fortress was finally rebuilt during the mid-15th century, using original plans and an additional circular line of fortifications. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">sack of Rome</a> at the end of 1527 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> took refuge in Orvieto. To ensure that the city would be sufficiently supplied with water in the event of a siege, he gave orders for the digging of the now famous artesian well <a href="/wiki/Pozzo_di_San_Patrizio" title="Pozzo di San Patrizio">Pozzo di San Patrizio</a> (1528–1537). For added security, the pope ordered that a second well be dug to supply the fortress alone. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Giovenale.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/San_Giovenale.JPG/250px-San_Giovenale.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/San_Giovenale.JPG/375px-San_Giovenale.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/San_Giovenale.JPG/500px-San_Giovenale.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>San Giovenale.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Sette,_Orvieto" title="Palazzo dei Sette, Orvieto">Palazzo dei Sette and Torre del Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_Capitano_del_Popolo,_Orvieto" title="Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo, Orvieto">Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo</a>: Civic palace built in 13th-century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiesa_di_San_Giovenale_(Orvieto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiesa di San Giovenale (Orvieto)">San Giovenale</a>, built in 1004, probably over a pre-existing church, is the oldest church in Orvieto. Contains many 13th-century frescos.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Orvieto" title="San Domenico, Orvieto">San Domenico</a>: one of the first churches and convents of the Dominican order.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiesa_di_San_Francesco_(Orvieto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiesa di San Francesco (Orvieto)">San Francesco</a> (1266): former Franciscan church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea,_Orvieto" title="Sant'Andrea, Orvieto">Sant'Andrea</a>: Church notable for dodecagonal bell-tower.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lodovico,_Orvieto" title="San Lodovico, Orvieto">San Lodovico</a>: Baroque church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_Orvieto" title="San Bernardino, Orvieto">San Bernardino</a>: Baroque church associated with a <a href="/wiki/Bernardine" title="Bernardine">Bernardine</a> female convent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Vineis" title="San Lorenzo in Vineis">San Lorenzo in Vineis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orvieto (wine)">Orvieto (wine)</a></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">white wine</a> of the Orvieto district, to the northeast of the city, is highly prized; <a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">red wines</a> are also grown.</li> <li>Orvieto is a member of <a href="/wiki/Cittaslow" title="Cittaslow">Cittaslow</a>, the <i>slow food</i> movement. Orvieto has many restaurants. One of Orvieto's specialty dishes is truffle pasta. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Italian bank <a href="/wiki/Cassa_di_Risparmio_di_Orvieto" title="Cassa di Risparmio di Orvieto">Cassa di Risparmio di Orvieto</a> was based in the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orvieto_ware" title="Orvieto ware">Orvieto ware</a>, tin-glazed earthenware (maiolica) was originally manufactured at Orvieto, where it has been produced since the 13th century.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orvieto_train_station_and_surrounds._June_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Orvieto_train_station_and_surrounds._June_2024.jpg/220px-Orvieto_train_station_and_surrounds._June_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Orvieto_train_station_and_surrounds._June_2024.jpg/330px-Orvieto_train_station_and_surrounds._June_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Orvieto_train_station_and_surrounds._June_2024.jpg/440px-Orvieto_train_station_and_surrounds._June_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3306" /></a><figcaption>Orvieto train station, its furnicular, and surrounds. June 2024.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_funicular" class="mw-redirect" title="Orvieto funicular">Orvieto funicular</a> provides a link from Orvieto to the historic city centre. </p><p>Since December 2016, <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_railway_station" title="Orvieto railway station">Orvieto station</a> has been served by Austrian railways ÖBB overnight sleeper services to Munich and Vienna.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alongside Saint Anselm College, Orvieto also hosts a study abroad program with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> founded by archaeologist <a href="/wiki/David_Soren_(archaeologist)" title="David Soren (archaeologist)">David Soren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erminia_Frezzolini" title="Erminia Frezzolini">Erminia Frezzolini</a>, operatic soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Stella_(engineer)" title="Andrea Stella (engineer)">Andrea Stella (engineer)</a>, team principle for McLaren</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Tilli" title="Stefano Tilli">Stefano Tilli</a>, athlete</li> <li>Hands of Time (HOT), Italian Hard Rock band<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <p>Orvieto is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a><sup id="cite_ref-BethlehemTwinning_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BethlehemTwinning-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Givors" title="Givors">Givors</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maebashi" title="Maebashi">Maebashi</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aiken,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken, South Carolina">Aiken</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sein%C3%A4joki" title="Seinäjoki">Seinäjoki</a>, Finland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kercem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kercem">Kercem</a>, Malta</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mayor_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217180700/http://elezioni.interno.it/comunali/scrutini/20140525/G100800230.htm">"Comune di Orvieto"</a>. <i>Elezioni.interno.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elezioni.interno.it/comunali/scrutini/20140525/G100800230.htm">the original</a> on 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elezioni.interno.it&rft.atitle=Comune+di+Orvieto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felezioni.interno.it%2Fcomunali%2Fscrutini%2F20140525%2FG100800230.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html">"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popolazione+Residente+al+1%C2%B0+Gennaio+2018&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fpop2018%2Findex3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-joseph/">Saint Joseph</a>, sqpn.com; accessed 26 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeurgon2002" class="citation book cs1">Heurgon, Jacques (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51107190"><i>Daily life of the Etruscans</i></a>. James Kirkup. London: Phoenix Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-592-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-592-3"><bdi>1-84212-592-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51107190">51107190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+life+of+the+Etruscans&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51107190&rft.isbn=1-84212-592-3&rft.aulast=Heurgon&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F51107190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Pardi, <i>Il catasto d'Orvieto dell'anno 1292</i> (Perugia 1896) noted in D.P. Waley, "Pope Boniface VIII and the Commune of Orvieto" <i>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</i>, Fourth Series, <b>32</b> (1950:121-139) p. 121 note 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Codice diplomatico della città d'Orvieto</i> (Florence 1884:26).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716053511/http://thearchaeologicalbox.com/en/fieldschools/coriglia-excavation-project">The Coriglia Excavation Project</a> at TheArchaeologicalBox.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorn2002" class="citation book cs1">Korn, Frank J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RV_gyKqm7REC&q=%22San+Giovenale%22+1004&pg=PA210"><i>Hidden Rome</i></a>. Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4109-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4109-8"><bdi>978-0-8091-4109-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Rome&rft.place=Mahwah%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4109-8&rft.aulast=Korn&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRV_gyKqm7REC%26q%3D%2522San%2BGiovenale%2522%2B1004%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The program is currently run by Dr. Claudio Bizzari, Alba Frascarelli, and Rosita Focarelli. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arizonainorvieto.org/">"Arizona in Orvieto"</a>. <i>Arizona in Orvieto</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arizona+in+Orvieto&rft.atitle=Arizona+in+Orvieto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arizonainorvieto.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orvietonews.it/cultura/2015/11/02/hot-a-firenze-il-trio-orvietano-apre-il-concerto-italiano-di-marilyn-manson--45251.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Hot" a Firenze. Il trio orvietano apre il concerto italiano di Marilyn Manson"</a>. <i>Orvietonews.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orvietonews.it&rft.atitle=%22Hot%22+a+Firenze.+Il+trio+orvietano+apre+il+concerto+italiano+di+Marilyn+Manson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orvietonews.it%2Fcultura%2F2015%2F11%2F02%2Fhot-a-firenze-il-trio-orvietano-apre-il-concerto-italiano-di-marilyn-manson--45251.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BethlehemTwinning-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BethlehemTwinning_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724140854/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php">"::Bethlehem Municipality::"</a>. bethlehem-city.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php">the original</a> on 24 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3A%3ABethlehem+Municipality%3A%3A&rft.pub=bethlehem-city.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bethlehem-city.org%2FTwining.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrvieto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bell, Sinclair and Alexandra A. Carpino, eds. 2016. <i>A Companion to the Etruscans.</i> Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.</li> <li>Castagnoli, Donata. 2013. "The Wine-Producing Territory of Orvieto." <i>Journal of Wine Research</i> 24 (4): 253–63.</li> <li>Donati, Roberto. 1986. <i>Orvieto: Art, History, Folklore.</i> Narni, Italy: Plurigraf.</li> <li>George, David B., and Claudio Bizzarri. 2015. "A field report of the excavations of Cavità 254 in Orvieto (2012–2014)." <i>Etruscan Studies</i> 18 (1): 40–53.</li> <li>Haynes, Sybille. 2000. <i>Etruscan civilization: A cultural history.</i> Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.</li> <li>James, Sara Nair. 2003. <i>Signorelli and Fra Angelico at Orvieto: Liturgy, Poetry, and a Vision of the End-Time.</i> Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.</li> <li>Pallottino, Massimo. 1978. <i>The Etruscans.</i> Bloomington: Indiana University Press.</li> <li>Riess, Jonathan B., and Luca Signorelli. 1995. <i>The Renaissance Antichrist: Luca Signorelli's Orvieto Frescoes.</i> Princeton: Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Sprenger, Maia, and Gilda Bartoloni. 1983. <i>The Etruscans: Their history, art and architecture.</i> Translated by Robert E. Wolf. New York: Harry N. Abrams.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turfa,_Jean_MacIntosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfa, Jean MacIntosh">Turfa, Jean MacIntosh</a>, ed. 2013. <i>The Etruscan World.</i> Routledge Worlds. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orvieto&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Orvieto</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Orvieto&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Orvieto">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Orvieto&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Orvieto" class="extiw" title="commons:Orvieto"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Orvieto</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Orvieto#Q541" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Orvieto">Orvieto</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.orvieto.tr.it/">Official Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514223529/http://www.comune.orvieto.tr.it/">Archived</a> 14 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Umbria/Terni/Orvieto/Orvieto/home.html">Orvieto profile</a>, <i>Thayer's Gazetteer of Umbria</i>; accessed 26 March 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050421084208/http://www.initaly.com/regions/umbria/duomo.htm">Duomo of Orvieto</a>, InItaly.com; accessed 26 March 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060508050542/http://www.eng.archeopg.arti.beniculturali.it/canale.asp?id=438">Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell' Umbria National Archaeological Museum of Orvieto</a>, eng.archeopg.arti.beniculturali.it; accessed 26 March 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923182200/http://www.adventuresinitaly.net/gallery2/gallery2.html">Different views of Orvieto</a>, AdventuresInItaly.net; accessed 26 March 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inorvieto.it/en">Orvieto Official website on tourism</a>, inorvieto.it; accessed 26 March 2015.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Terni">Terni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4116795-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80113657">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11964041n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11964041n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Orvieto (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge931382&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557337905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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