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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics&rft.author=%5B%5BFrancis+Parker+Yockey%5D%5D&rft.date=1948&rft.place=Ireland"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperium_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Imperium_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics.jpg/220px-Imperium_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Imperium_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="389" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">Philosophy of history</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">Ireland</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics</b></i> is a 1948 book by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a>, using the pen name Ulick Varange, that argues for a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Europeanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Europeanism">pan-European</a> <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200275_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200275-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Imperium</i> presents an <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> theory of history,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200096-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserts that the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> was a hoax,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is dedicated to "the hero of the Second World War", meant to describe <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yockey adopted the ideas of German philosopher of history <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Oswald Spengler</a> in <i>Imperium</i>, although Yockey's explicit antisemitism differentiated him from Spengler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200096-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spengler's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Decline_of_the_West" title="The Decline of the West">The Decline of the West</a></i> was the most important single source.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yockey's views on the role of the state drew from the <a href="/wiki/The_Concept_of_the_Political#Summary" title="The Concept of the Political">friend–enemy thesis</a> of Nazi political theorist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Carl Schmitt</a> (whom Yockey has been accused of plagiarizing).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mulhall_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mulhall-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yockey heavily drew on the <a href="/wiki/Great_man_theory" title="Great man theory">great man theory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a>, seeing the creative ability of heroic individuals as a vehicle for progress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose202167-79_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose202167-79-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Spengler, Yockey identified eight "high cultures" in world history, which he saw as spiritual <a href="/wiki/Superorganisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Superorganisms">superorganisms</a> which impress humans into their service.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell200351_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell200351-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that these cultures have their own souls which determine their religious expression, science, art forms, politics and morality through succeeding life phases of birth, growth, maturity, fulfillment of destiny, and death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rose2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described races as "spirituo-biological" entities, raw material for cultural expression and history, but criticized strictly <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">biological racial theories</a> as crude.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaibaum200315_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaibaum200315-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200096-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yockey wrote that the fulfillment of the Western high culture was threatened by "cultural pathology", including what he claimed were interrelated sicknesses of "culture-parasitism", "culture-retardation" and "culture-distortion".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell2003169_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell2003169-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He alleged that Jews were most harmful to the West because he saw them as aggravating its organic "culture-crisis", which he associated with the rise of materialism and rationalism since 1750.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell200351–52,_170_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell200351–52,_170-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote that America was more susceptible to "culture-distortion" than any other Western nation because, he argued, America as a colonial offshoot of Western culture was founded on an ideology of rationalism and materialism, lacking the spiritual depth of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260–261_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260–261-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Believing that each life phase of high culture has its unique "<a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">Spirit of the Age</a>", Yockey considered <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">Nazism</a> to be expressions of this spirit in the new epoch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell200351_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell200351-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200096-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to him, Hitler set the West toward a proper fulfillment of its destiny as a unified empire, while in order to stop it America sided with Russia, which Yockey saw as a distinct from the Western culture. Yockey alleged that the postwar <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a> were "<a href="/wiki/Show_trial" title="Show trial">show trials</a>" directed by these "extra-European forces". He <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">denied the Holocaust</a> (although he reportedly praised it in private),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and claimed that photographic evidence of the Nazis' <a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber#Germany" title="Gas chamber">gas chambers</a> was faked.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication">Publication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yockey wrote <i>Imperium</i> at an inn in <a href="/wiki/Brittas_Bay" title="Brittas Bay">Brittas Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book spanned 600 pages in two volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200094,_157_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200094,_157-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Yockey's pseudonym, Ulick Varange, <i>Ulick</i> was meant to be a Danish-Irish name, and <i>Varange</i> was a reference to <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steiger_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steiger-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yockey invited the British fascist <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a> to publish <i>Imperium</i> in his name, but Mosley refused.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publication was financed by the Mosleyites Guy Chesham, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Huxley-Blythe" title="Peter Huxley-Blythe">Peter Huxley-Blythe</a> and Yockey's mistress Baroness Alice von Pflugl.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A thousand copies of the first volume, and 200 copies of the second volume, were printed in London by Westropa Press.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American far-right activist and antisemite <a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Willis Carto</a> acquired the rights to <i>Imperium</i> from Westropa in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1962 edition, published after Yockey's suicide in jail in 1960, included an introduction by Carto,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with <a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a>'s positive review.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to a independent, third-party source. (April 2022)">third-party source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Imperium</i> has been called one of the most influential antisemitic books since Hitler's <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has influenced various far-right activists worldwide, including supporters of a "Eurasian" racial imperium in Europe and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It influenced the American neo-Nazi occultist <a href="/wiki/James_H._Madole" title="James H. Madole">James H. Madole</a>, the racial <a href="/wiki/Odinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Odinist">Odinist</a> <a href="/wiki/Else_Christensen" title="Else Christensen">Else Christensen</a>, the fascist <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bouchet" title="Christian Bouchet">Christian Bouchet</a> and the British neo-Nazi <a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20025,_74,_76,_216,_221,_223,_226,_261_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20025,_74,_76,_216,_221,_223,_226,_261-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> ideologue <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a> praised it.<sup id="cite_ref-Steiger_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steiger-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But according to academic <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Kaplan_(academic)" title="Jeffrey Kaplan (academic)">Jeffrey Kaplan</a>, some others on the far right considered <i>Imperium</i> the "impenetrable ramblings of a madman".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book's ideology was adopted by Willis Carto for the <a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Alliance" title="National Youth Alliance">National Youth Alliance</a> and some members of groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Lobby" title="Liberty Lobby">Liberty Lobby</a> (founded by Carto) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Lobby" title="Liberty Lobby">Liberty Lobby</a> and its spinoffs promoted <i>Imperium</i> as the <i>Mein Kampf</i> of postwar Nazism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200094,_157_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200094,_157-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was also sold for several years through the catalog of <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, the former Ku Klux Klan grand wizard.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 2011 book of correspondences with American conductor <a href="/wiki/David_Woodard" title="David Woodard">David Woodard</a>, Swiss writer <a href="/wiki/Christian_Kracht" title="Christian Kracht">Christian Kracht</a> recommended Yockey's <i>Imperium</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Kracht published his bestselling novel <i><a href="/wiki/Imperium_(Kracht_novel)" title="Imperium (Kracht novel)">Imperium</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPotok2018" class="citation web cs1">Potok, Mark (2018-08-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/to-russia-with-love-why-southern-us-extremists-are-mad-about-vladimir-putin">"To Russia With Love: Why Southern U.S. Extremists Are Mad About Vladimir Putin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=To+Russia+With+Love%3A+Why+Southern+U.S.+Extremists+Are+Mad+About+Vladimir+Putin&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft.aulast=Potok&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fto-russia-with-love-why-southern-us-extremists-are-mad-about-vladimir-putin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span>: "In 1948, an American ideologue named Francis Parker Yockey wrote a book promoting pan-European fascism that saw the Soviet Union as less of a threat to Europe than the United States was. By the late 1950s, Yockey was suggesting the USSR could help "free" Europe from U.S. domination, according to Shekhovstov’s new book, Russia and the Western Far Right."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostrom2020" class="citation web cs1">Mostrom, Anthony (2020-08-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/americas-mein-kampf-francis-parker-yockey-imperium/">"America's "Mein Kampf": Francis Parker Yockey and "Imperium"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Review of Books</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=America%27s+%22Mein+Kampf%22%3A+Francis+Parker+Yockey+and+%22Imperium%22&rft.date=2020-08-08&rft.aulast=Mostrom&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flareviewofbooks.org%2Farticle%2Famericas-mein-kampf-francis-parker-yockey-imperium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200275-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200275_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002">Goodrick-Clarke 2002</a>, pp. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2000" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Jeffrey (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nNWbbhUYv8oC"><i>Encyclopedia of White Power: A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0340-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0340-3"><bdi>978-0-7425-0340-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+White+Power%3A+A+Sourcebook+on+the+Radical+Racist+Right&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0340-3&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnNWbbhUYv8oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200276_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002">Goodrick-Clarke 2002</a>, pp. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200096-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200096_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2000">Lee 2000</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostrom2017" class="citation web cs1">Mostrom, Anthony (2017-05-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-fascist-and-the-preacher-gerald-l-k-smith-and-francis-parker-yockey-in-cold-war-era-los-angeles/">"The Fascist and the Preacher: Gerald L. K. Smith and Francis Parker Yockey in Cold War–Era Los Angeles"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Review of Books</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Fascist+and+the+Preacher%3A+Gerald+L.+K.+Smith+and+Francis+Parker+Yockey+in+Cold+War%E2%80%93Era+Los+Angeles&rft.date=2017-05-13&rft.aulast=Mostrom&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flareviewofbooks.org%2Farticle%2Fthe-fascist-and-the-preacher-gerald-l-k-smith-and-francis-parker-yockey-in-cold-war-era-los-angeles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2000" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Martin A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858861623"><i>The Beast Reawakens: Fascism's Resurgence from Hitler's Spymasters to Today's Neo-Nazi Groups and Right-Wing Extremists</i></a>. New York. pp. 94–98, 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-28124-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-28124-3"><bdi>978-1-135-28124-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/858861623">858861623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beast+Reawakens%3A+Fascism%27s+Resurgence+from+Hitler%27s+Spymasters+to+Today%27s+Neo-Nazi+Groups+and+Right-Wing+Extremists&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=94-98%2C+157&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F858861623&rft.isbn=978-1-135-28124-3&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Martin+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F858861623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMulhall2020">Mulhall 2020</a>, pp. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan1999" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Kevin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38884251"><i>Dreamer of the day : Francis Parker Yockey and the postwar fascist international</i></a>. Mazal Holocaust Collection. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Autonomedia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57027-039-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57027-039-2"><bdi>1-57027-039-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38884251">38884251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dreamer+of+the+day+%3A+Francis+Parker+Yockey+and+the+postwar+fascist+international&rft.place=Brooklyn%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Autonomedia&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38884251&rft.isbn=1-57027-039-2&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F38884251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mulhall-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mulhall_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulhall2020" class="citation book cs1">Mulhall, Joe (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8i34DwAAQBAJ&q=British+Fascism+After+the+Holocaust:+From+the+Birth+of+Denial+to+the+Notting+Hill+Riots+1939%E2%80%931958"><i>British Fascism After the Holocaust: From the Birth of Denial to the Notting Hill Riots 1939–1958</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429840258" title="Special:BookSources/9780429840258"><bdi>9780429840258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Fascism+After+the+Holocaust%3A+From+the+Birth+of+Denial+to+the+Notting+Hill+Riots+1939%E2%80%931958&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780429840258&rft.aulast=Mulhall&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8i34DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBritish%2BFascism%2BAfter%2Bthe%2BHolocaust%3A%2BFrom%2Bthe%2BBirth%2Bof%2BDenial%2Bto%2Bthe%2BNotting%2BHill%2BRiots%2B1939%25E2%2580%25931958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span> p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERose202167-79-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose202167-79_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRose2021">Rose 2021</a>, p. 67-79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell200351-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell200351_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell200351_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardell2003">Gardell 2003</a>, pp. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002">Goodrick-Clarke 2002</a>, pp. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rose2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rose2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2021" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Matthew (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NSA3EAAAQBAJ"><i>A World after Liberalism: Philosophers of the Radical Right</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300263084" title="Special:BookSources/9780300263084"><bdi>9780300263084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+after+Liberalism%3A+Philosophers+of+the+Radical+Right&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780300263084&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNSA3EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span> p. 67-79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaibaum200315-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaibaum200315_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaibaum2003">Maibaum 2003</a>, pp. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell2003169-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell2003169_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardell2003">Gardell 2003</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell200351–52,_170-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell200351–52,_170_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardell2003">Gardell 2003</a>, pp. 51–52, 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2019" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Kevin (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318153239/https://www.lobster-magazine.co.uk/free/lobster78/lob78-lost-imperium.pdf"><i><span></span>'Lost Imperium? Yockey: 20 years later.' Review of Yockey: A Fascist Odyssey by Kerry Bolton</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lobster Magazine. p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lobster-magazine.co.uk/free/lobster78/lob78-lost-imperium.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Lost+Imperium%3F+Yockey%3A+20+years+later.%27+Review+of+Yockey%3A+A+Fascist+Odyssey+by+Kerry+Bolton&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Lobster+Magazine&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lobster-magazine.co.uk%2Ffree%2Flobster78%2Flob78-lost-imperium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260–261-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2002260–261_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002">Goodrick-Clarke 2002</a>, pp. 260–261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2011" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Martin A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1086431548"><i>The beast reawakens</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-95029-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-95029-6"><bdi>978-0-203-95029-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1086431548">1086431548</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+beast+reawakens&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1086431548&rft.isbn=978-0-203-95029-6&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Martin+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1086431548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins2009" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, Stephen E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/624337327"><i>Holocaust denial as an international movement</i></a>. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34539-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34539-5"><bdi>978-0-313-34539-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/624337327">624337327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holocaust+denial+as+an+international+movement&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F624337327&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34539-5&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Stephen+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F624337327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200094,_157-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200094,_157_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200094,_157_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2000">Lee 2000</a>, pp. 94, 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steiger-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steiger_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steiger_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteigerSteiger2006" class="citation book cs1">Steiger, Brad and Steiger, Sherry Hanson (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3h6_na9j0tcC&pg=PA511"><i>Conspiracies and Secret Societies: The Complete Dossier</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Canton_Township,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton Township, Michigan">Canton Township, Michigan</a>: Visible Ink Press. p. 511. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57859-174-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57859-174-9"><bdi>978-1-57859-174-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conspiracies+and+Secret+Societies%3A+The+Complete+Dossier&rft.place=Canton+Township%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=511&rft.pub=Visible+Ink+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57859-174-9&rft.aulast=Steiger&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.au=Steiger%2C+Sherry+Hanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3h6_na9j0tcC%26pg%3DPA511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonabend2019" class="citation book cs1">Sonabend, Daniel (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1129451450"><i>The 43 Group</i></a>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78873-327-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78873-327-4"><bdi>978-1-78873-327-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1129451450">1129451450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+43+Group&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1129451450&rft.isbn=978-1-78873-327-4&rft.aulast=Sonabend&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1129451450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002">Goodrick-Clarke 2002</a>, pp. 77: "In 1949 Yockey's Mosleyite circle included Guy Chesham, Peter Huxley-Blythe and Baroness von Pflugl, who financed the publication of Imperium."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurham2007" class="citation book cs1">Durham, Martin (2007-11-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rIRtpXVz5p0C"><i>White Rage: The Extreme Right and American Politics</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 25, 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-23181-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-23181-2"><bdi>978-1-134-23181-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Rage%3A+The+Extreme+Right+and+American+Politics&rft.pages=25%2C+26&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-11-13&rft.isbn=978-1-134-23181-2&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrIRtpXVz5p0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1962" class="citation web cs1">Oliver, Revilo P. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121051323/http://www.revilo-oliver.com/news/1962/01/introduction-to-imperium/">"Revilo P. Oliver › Introduction to Imperium"</a>. <i>Noontide Press</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revilo-oliver.com/news/1962/01/introduction-to-imperium/">the original</a> on 21 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Noontide+Press&rft.atitle=Revilo+P.+Oliver+%E2%80%BA+Introduction+to+Imperium&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Revilo+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revilo-oliver.com%2Fnews%2F1962%2F01%2Fintroduction-to-imperium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20025,_74,_76,_216,_221,_223,_226,_261-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20025,_74,_76,_216,_221,_223,_226,_261_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002">Goodrick-Clarke 2002</a>, pp. 5, 74, 76, 216, 221, 223, 226, 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2000" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Jeffrey (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nNWbbhUYv8oC"><i>Encyclopedia of White Power: A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0340-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0340-3"><bdi>978-0-7425-0340-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+White+Power%3A+A+Sourcebook+on+the+Radical+Racist+Right&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0340-3&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnNWbbhUYv8oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaibaum2003">Maibaum 2003</a>, pp. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2000/john-william-king-quotes-francis-parker-yockey-statement-about-hate-crime">"John William King Quotes Francis Parker Yockey in Statement About Hate Crime"</a>. <i>Southern Poverty Law Center</i>. June 13, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=John+William+King+Quotes+Francis+Parker+Yockey+in+Statement+About+Hate+Crime&rft.date=2000-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fintelligence-report%2F2000%2Fjohn-william-king-quotes-francis-parker-yockey-statement-about-hate-crime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kracht, C., and Woodard, D. (2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wehrhahn-verlag.de/public/index.php?ID_Section=3&ID_Product=577"><i>Five Years</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrhahn_Verlag" class="extiw" title="de:Wehrhahn Verlag">Wehrhahn Verlag</a>. p. 139</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarange1948" class="citation book cs1">Varange, Ulick (1948). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Imperium_182"><i><span></span></i>Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics<i><span></span></i></a></span>. Westropa Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics&rft.pub=Westropa+Press&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Varange&rft.aufirst=Ulick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FImperium_182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002" class="citation book cs1">Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52467699"><i>Black sun : Aryan cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the politics of identity</i></a>. New York: New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-585-43467-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-585-43467-0"><bdi>0-585-43467-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52467699">52467699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+sun+%3A+Aryan+cults%2C+Esoteric+Nazism%2C+and+the+politics+of+identity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52467699&rft.isbn=0-585-43467-0&rft.aulast=Goodrick-Clarke&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F52467699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardell2003" class="citation book cs1">Gardell, Mattiass W. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/927865.Gods_of_the_Blood"><i>Gods of Blood : The Pagan Revival and White Separatism</i></a></span>. Duke University Press Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+of+Blood+%3A+The+Pagan+Revival+and+White+Separatism&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Gardell&rft.aufirst=Mattiass+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F927865.Gods_of_the_Blood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaibaum2003" class="citation journal cs1">Maibaum, Matthew W. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0031322X.1973.9969114?journalCode=rpop20">"F.P. Yockey's "Imperium", Patterns of Prejudice, 7:2, 14-18"</a></span>. <i>Patterns of Prejudice</i>. <b>7</b> (2). Routledge: 14–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.1973.9969114">10.1080/0031322X.1973.9969114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=F.P.+Yockey%27s+%22Imperium%22%2C+Patterns+of+Prejudice%2C+7%3A2%2C+14-18&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=14-18&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.1973.9969114&rft.aulast=Maibaum&rft.aufirst=Matthew+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.1973.9969114%3FjournalCode%3Drpop20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperium%3A+The+Philosophy+of+History+and+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&oldid=1257171078">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics&oldid=1257171078</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_non-fiction_books" title="Category:1948 non-fiction books">1948 non-fiction books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_non-fiction_books" title="Category:American non-fiction books">American non-fiction books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_literature" title="Category:Antisemitism in literature">Antisemitism in literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_civilizations" title="Category:Books about civilizations">Books about civilizations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_in_political_philosophy" title="Category:Books in political philosophy">Books in political philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Criticism_of_rationalism" title="Category:Criticism of rationalism">Criticism of rationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fascist_books" title="Category:Fascist books">Fascist books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_books" title="Category:Philosophy books">Philosophy books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_books" title="Category:Political books">Political books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_the_philosophy_of_history" title="Category:Books about the philosophy of history">Books about the philosophy of history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_the_theory_of_history" title="Category:Works about the theory of history">Works about the theory of history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_published_under_a_pseudonym" title="Category:Works published under a pseudonym">Works published under a pseudonym</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust-denying_books" title="Category:Holocaust-denying books">Holocaust-denying books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Far-right_politics" title="Category:Far-right politics">Far-right politics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 16:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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