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class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the opera by Massenet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Werther_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Werther (disambiguation)">Werther (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><i><b>Werther</b></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> (<i>drame lyrique</i>) in four acts by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Jules Massenet</a> to a French <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Blau" title="Édouard Blau">Édouard Blau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milliet" title="Paul Milliet">Paul Milliet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Hartmann" title="Georges Hartmann">Georges Hartmann</a> (who used the pseudonym Henri Grémont). It is loosely based on Goethe's <a href="/wiki/Epistolary_novel" title="Epistolary novel">epistolary novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther" title="The Sorrows of Young Werther">The Sorrows of Young Werther</a></i>, which was based both on fact and on Goethe's own early life. Earlier examples of operas using the story were made by <a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Kreutzer" title="Rodolphe Kreutzer">Kreutzer</a> (1792) and <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Pucitta" title="Vincenzo Pucitta">Pucitta</a> (1802).<sup id="cite_ref-Groveopera_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groveopera-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic;">Werther</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><i>drame lyrique</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Jules Massenet</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther.jpg/290px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther.jpg/435px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther.jpg/580px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7008" data-file-height="9375"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset" title="Eugène Grasset">Grasset</a> poster for 1893 French premiere of <i>Werther</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Librettist</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Blau" title="Édouard Blau">Édouard Blau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Milliet" title="Paul Milliet">Paul Milliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Hartmann" title="Georges Hartmann">Georges Hartmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther" title="The Sorrows of Young Werther">Die Leiden des jungen Werther</a></i><br>by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Wolfgang Goethe">Johann Wolfgang Goethe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Premiere</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="vevent">16 February 1892<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1892-02-16</span>)</span><br><div style="display:inline;" class="summary"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Hofoper</a>, Vienna (in German)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Performance_history"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Performance history</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Roles"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Roles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Instrumentation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Instrumentation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Synopsis"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Synopsis</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Act_1"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Act 1</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Act_2"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Act 2</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Act_3"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Act 3</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Act_4"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Act 4</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Noted_arias"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Noted arias</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Recordings"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Recordings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Performance_history">Performance history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Performance history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Massenet started composing <i>Werther</i> in 1885, completing it in 1887. He submitted it to <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Carvalho" title="Léon Carvalho">Léon Carvalho</a>, the director of the Paris <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Opéra-Comique</a>, that year, but Carvalho declined to accept it on the grounds that the scenario was too serious.<sup id="cite_ref-Groveopera_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groveopera-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the disruption of the fire at the Opéra-Comique and Massenet's work on other operatic projects (especially <i><a href="/wiki/Esclarmonde" title="Esclarmonde">Esclarmonde</a></i>), it was put to one side, until the Vienna Opera, pleased with the success of <i><a href="/wiki/Manon" title="Manon">Manon</a></i>, asked the composer for a new work. <i>Werther</i> received its premiere on 16 February 1892 (in a German version translated by Max Kalbeck) at the Imperial Theatre <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Hofoper</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Groveopera_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groveopera-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French-language premiere followed in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> on 27 December 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first performance in France was given by the Opéra-Comique at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_la_Ville" title="Théâtre de la Ville">Théâtre Lyrique</a> on the Place du Châtelet in Paris on 16 January 1893, with <a href="/wiki/Marie_Delna" title="Marie Delna">Marie Delna</a> as Charlotte and <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ibos" title="Guillaume Ibos">Guillaume Ibos</a> in the title role, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Danb%C3%A9" title="Jules Danbé">Jules Danbé</a>, but was not immediately successful.<sup id="cite_ref-Groveopera_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groveopera-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Werther</i> entered the repertoire at the Opéra-Comique in 1903 in a production supervised by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Carr%C3%A9" title="Albert Carré">Albert Carré</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Groveopera_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groveopera-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over the next half-century the opera was performed over 1,100 times there, Léon Beyle becoming a distinguished interpreter of Werther.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> premiere with the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> took place in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> on 29 March 1894 and then in the company's main house in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> three weeks later.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK premiere was a one-off performance at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House,_Covent_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House, Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a>, London, on 11 June 1894<sup id="cite_ref-grove_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Emma_Eames" title="Emma Eames">Emma Eames</a> as Charlotte, <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Arnoldson" title="Sigrid Arnoldson">Sigrid Arnoldson</a> as Sophie, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Reszke" title="Jean de Reszke">Jean de Reszke</a> in the title role. </p><p><i>Werther</i> is still regularly performed around the world and has been recorded many times. Although the role of Werther was written for a <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a>, Massenet adjusted it for a <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Mattia_Battistini" title="Mattia Battistini">Mattia Battistini</a> sang it in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in 1902. It is very occasionally performed in this version, in which the changes affect only the vocal line for the title character. There are no other changes to the words, to the lines for other characters, or to the orchestration. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg/170px-Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="298" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2943"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 298px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg/170px-Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="298" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg/255px-Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg/340px-Ernest_Van_Dyck_as_Werther_-_NGO4p1142.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_Dyck" title="Ernest van Dyck">Ernest van Dyck</a> in the title role, its first singer, ca. 1892</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Role </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a> </th> <th>Premiere cast, 16 February 1892<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>(Conductor: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Jahn" title="Wilhelm Jahn">Wilhelm Jahn</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Charlotte, <i>aged 20</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie_Renard" title="Marie Renard">Marie Renard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sophie, <i>her sister, aged 15</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Brandt-Forster" title="Ellen Brandt-Forster">Ellen Brandt-Forster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Werther, <i>a young poet, aged 23</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_Dyck" title="Ernest van Dyck">Ernest van Dyck</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Albert, <i>betrothed to Charlotte; aged 25</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> </td> <td>Franz Neidl </td></tr> <tr> <td>Le Bailli, <i>Charlotte's father; aged 50</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> </td> <td>Karl Mayerhofer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Schmidt, <i>a friend of the Bailli</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Anton Schlittenhelm </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johann, <i>a friend of the Bailli</i> </td> <td>baritone </td> <td>Benedikt Felix </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brühlmann, <i>a young man</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>August Stoll </td></tr> <tr> <td>Käthchen, <i>Brühlmann's fiancée of seven years</i> </td> <td>mezzo-soprano </td> <td>Emma Karlona </td></tr> <tr> <td>Children of the Bailli – Fritz, Max, Hans, Karl, Gretel, Clara </td> <td>children's voices </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i>Inhabitants of Wetzlar, guests, servants; off-stage women's and children's voices</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Instrumentation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>2 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a> (2nd doubling <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>), 2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a> (doubling <a href="/wiki/English_horn" class="mw-redirect" title="English horn">English horns</a>), 2 <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soprano_clarinet" title="Soprano clarinet">B-flat and A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alto_saxophone" title="Alto saxophone">alto saxophone</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horns</a> in F, 2 <a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">cornets</a> in B-flat and A, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</a> (1) (<a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangle (music)">triangle</a>), <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">strings</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Synopsis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <dl><dd>Time: Within the period July to December, in an undefined year in the 1780s.</dd> <dd>Place: <a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a> in Germany.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg/170px-Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="308" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="711"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 308px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg/170px-Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="308" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg/255px-Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg/340px-Claire_Croiza_as_Charlotte_in_Massenet%27s_Werther.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Claire_Croiza" title="Claire Croiza">Claire Croiza</a> as Charlotte in 1907</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_1">Act 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Act 1" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In July, the widowed Bailiff (a Magistrate, rather than one who comes to seize property), is teaching his six youngest children a Christmas carol ("Noël! Jésus vient de naître"). His drinking companions, Johann and Schmidt, arrive as Charlotte, the eldest daughter, dresses for a ball. Since her fiancé Albert is away, she is to be escorted by Werther, whom the Bailiff and his companions find gloomy. Werther arrives ("O Nature, pleine de grâce"), and watches as Charlotte prepares her young siblings' supper, just as her mother had before she died. He greets her and they leave for the ball. Albert returns unexpectedly after a six-month trip. He is unsure of Charlotte's intentions and disappointed not to find her at home, but is reassured and consoled by Charlotte's younger sister Sophie. He leaves after promising to return in the morning. After an orchestral interlude, Werther and Charlotte return very late; he is already enamoured of her. His declaration of love is interrupted by the announcement of Albert's return. Charlotte recalls how she promised her dying mother she would marry Albert. Werther is in despair. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_2">Act 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Act 2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>It is three months later, and Charlotte and Albert are now married. They walk happily to church to celebrate the minister's 50th wedding anniversary, followed by the disconsolate Werther ("Un autre est son époux!"). First Albert and then Sophie ("Du gai soleil, plein de flamme") try to cheer him up. When Charlotte exits the church, he speaks to her of their first meeting. Charlotte begs Werther to leave her, though she indicates that she would be willing to receive him again on Christmas Day. Werther contemplates suicide ("Lorsque l'enfant revient d'un voyage"). He encounters Sophie but the tearful girl does not understand his distressing behavior. Albert now realizes that Werther loves Charlotte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_3">Act 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Act 3" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeanette_Ekornaasvaag_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther_-_%22Va!_laisse_couler_mes_larmes%22.ogg" title='File:Jeanette Ekornaasvaag - Jules Massenet - Werther - "Va! laisse couler mes larmes".ogg'>"Va! laisse couler mes larmes"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="145" data-mwtitle='Jeanette_Ekornaasvaag_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther_-_"Va!_laisse_couler_mes_larmes".ogg' data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Jeanette_Ekornaasvaag_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther_-_%22Va%21_laisse_couler_mes_larmes%22.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Jeanette_Ekornaasvaag_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther_-_%22Va%21_laisse_couler_mes_larmes%22.ogg/Jeanette_Ekornaasvaag_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Werther_-_%22Va%21_laisse_couler_mes_larmes%22.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Charlotte in act 3, sung by Jeanette Ekornåsvåg</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Charlotte is at home alone on Christmas Eve. She spends time rereading the letters that she has received from Werther ("Werther! Qui m'aurait dit ... Ces lettres!"), wondering how the young poet is and how she had the strength to send him away. Sophie comes in and tries to cheer up her older sister ("Ah! le rire est béni"), though Charlotte is not to be consoled ("Va! laisse couler mes larmes"). Suddenly Werther appears, and while he reads to her some poetry of <a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a> ("Pourquoi me réveiller?"), he realizes that she does indeed return his love. They embrace for a moment, but she quickly bids him farewell. He leaves with thoughts of suicide. Albert returns home to find his wife distraught. Werther sends a messenger to Albert, requesting to borrow his pistols, explaining he is going on an extended trip. After the servant has taken them, Charlotte has a terrible premonition and hurries to find Werther. An orchestral intermezzo ("La nuit de Noël") leads without a break into the final Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_4">Act 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Act 4" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>"The death of Werther": At Werther's apartment, Charlotte has arrived too late to stop him from shooting himself; he is dying. She consoles him by declaring her love. He asks for forgiveness. After he dies, Charlotte faints. Outside children are heard singing the Christmas carol. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Noted_arias">Noted arias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Noted arias" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Act 1</b> </p> <dl><dd>Werther: "O Nature, pleine de grâce"</dd></dl> <p><b>Act 2</b> </p> <dl><dd>Werther: "Un autre est son époux!"</dd> <dd>Sophie: "Du gai soleil, plein de flamme"</dd> <dd>Werther: "Lorsque l'enfant revient d'un voyage"</dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Act 3</b> </p> <dl><dd>Charlotte: "Werther! Qui m'aurait dit /Ces lettres!" (Letter Scene)</dd> <dd>Charlotte: "Va! laisse couler mes larmes"</dd> <dd>Werther: "Pourquoi me réveiller?"</dd></dl> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recordings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Werther_(47789434092).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg/220px-Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="3642"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg/220px-Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg/330px-Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg/440px-Werther_%2847789434092%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Scene from a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Florida_Grand_Opera" title="Florida Grand Opera">Florida Grand Opera</a> production</figcaption></figure> <p>A well-regarded recording of the complete opera was made in January 1931 by French Columbia with a French cast and the orchestra and chorus of the Opéra-Comique under the direction of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Cohen_(conductor)" title="Élie Cohen (conductor)">Élie Cohen</a>. Henry Fogel of <i><a href="/wiki/Fanfare_(magazine)" title="Fanfare (magazine)">Fanfare</a></i> magazine, writing in 1992, counted 14 complete recordings and considered it the finest of the lot.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His colleague, James Camner, reviewing the Opera d'Oro reissue in 2003, called it "one of the treasures of recorded opera. ... Unfortunately, the transfer is over filtered. The high frequencies are lost, giving the performance an unwarranted flatness. Happily, Naxos offers the same recording expertly transferred by <a href="/wiki/Ward_Marston" title="Ward Marston">Ward Marston</a>, and acquiring it is a must."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Blyth" title="Alan Blyth">Alan Blyth</a>, while giving a very positive review of the reissue of the recording with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lance" title="Albert Lance">Albert Lance</a> as Werther and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Gorr" title="Rita Gorr">Rita Gorr</a> as Charlotte in 2004, nevertheless pointed out that "neither quite has the ideal subtlety of the best Massenet singers, such as <a href="/wiki/Ninon_Vallin" title="Ninon Vallin">Vallin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Thill" title="Georges Thill">Thill</a> on the classic, pre-war set, now on Naxos".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, many of the greatest French and Italian singers of the past century or more have recorded individual arias from Massenet's masterwork. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Cast<br>(Charlotte,<br>Sophie,<br>Werther,<br>Albert) </th> <th>Conductor,<br>opera house and orchestra </th> <th>Label<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ninon_Vallin" title="Ninon Vallin">Ninon Vallin</a>, <br>Germaine Féraldy,<br><a href="/wiki/Georges_Thill" title="Georges Thill">Georges Thill</a>, <p>Marcel Roque </p> </td> <td>Élie Cohen <br><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Orchestra and Chorus of the <span class="nowrap">Opéra-Comique</span></a></td> <td>Originally French Columbia<br>CD: Naxos 8.110061-62, <br>Opera d'Oro OPD 1366 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gianna_Pederzini" title="Gianna Pederzini">Gianna Pederzini</a>, <p>Marisa Merlo, <a href="/wiki/Tito_Schipa" title="Tito Schipa">Tito Schipa</a>, Piero Biasini </p> </td> <td>Franco Ghione <p>Orchestra e Coro del <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">Teatro alla Scala</a> di Milano </p> </td> <td>Edizioni Timaclub 1983 </td> <td>in Italian </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oralia_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Oralia Domínguez">Oralia Domínguez</a>,<br>Eugenia Rocabruna,<br><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Di_Stefano" title="Giuseppe Di Stefano">Giuseppe Di Stefano</a>,<br>Piero Campolonghi</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Picco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Picco (page does not exist)">Guido Picco</a><br>Orchestra e Coro del <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes" title="Palacio de Bellas Artes">Palacio de las Bellas Artes</a></td> <td>CD: Gala<br>Cat: B0040V420O</td> <td>In Italian </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pia_Tassinari" title="Pia Tassinari">Pia Tassinari</a>,<br>Vittoria Neviani,<br><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Tagliavini" title="Ferruccio Tagliavini">Ferruccio Tagliavini</a>,<br>Marcello Cortis</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Molinari-Pradelli" title="Francesco Molinari-Pradelli">Francesco Molinari-Pradelli</a><br>Coro di Voci Bianchi, Orchestra Sinfonica di Torino</td> <td>CD: Warner-Fonit<br>Cat: 8573 87494-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Juyol" title="Suzanne Juyol">Suzanne Juyol</a>, <br>Agnes Léger, <br>Charles Richard, <br><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bourdin" title="Roger Bourdin">Roger Bourdin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georges_S%C3%A9bastian" title="Georges Sébastian">Georges Sébastian</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Orchestra and Chorus of the <span class="nowrap">Opéra-Comique</span></a></td> <td>Originally <a href="/wiki/Nixa_Records" title="Nixa Records">Nixa</a>/Urania<br>CD: Andromeda<br>Cat: ANDRCD 5073 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maria_Maksakova_Sr." title="Maria Maksakova Sr.">Maria Maksakova</a>, <br>Maria Zvezdina, <br><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kozlovsky" title="Ivan Kozlovsky">Ivan Kozlovsky</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Sakharov" title="Vladimir Sakharov">Vladimir Sakharov</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onisim_Bron" title="Onisim Bron">Onissim Bron</a> <br>Moscow Radio Orchestra</td> <td>CD: Myto<br>Cat: B000027HNO</td> <td>In Russian </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leyla_Gencer" title="Leyla Gencer">Leyla Gencer</a>,<br>Giuliana Tavolaccini,<br><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Tagliavini" title="Ferruccio Tagliavini">Ferruccio Tagliavini</a>,<br>Mario Borriello</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Felice_Cillario" title="Carlo Felice Cillario">Carlo Felice Cillario</a><br>Coro di <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Lirico_Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi">Teatro Verdi di Trieste</a> Orchestra e Coro</td> <td>CD: Opera d'Oro<br>Cat: 1234</td> <td>In Italian </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rita_Gorr" title="Rita Gorr">Rita Gorr</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Mady_Mespl%C3%A9" title="Mady Mesplé">Mady Mesplé</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lance" title="Albert Lance">Albert Lance</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bacquier" title="Gabriel Bacquier">Gabriel Bacquier</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_Etcheverry" title="Jésus Etcheverry">Jésus Etcheverry</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">Orchestra and Chorus of the Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française</a></td> <td>CD: Accord<br>Cat: 472 917-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968-69</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Victoria de los Ángeles">Victoria de los Ángeles</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Mady_Mespl%C3%A9" title="Mady Mesplé">Mady Mesplé</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Gedda" title="Nicolai Gedda">Nicolai Gedda</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Roger_Soyer" title="Roger Soyer">Roger Soyer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Georges Prêtre">Georges Prêtre</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Orchestre_de_Paris" title="Orchestre de Paris">Orchestre de Paris</a></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a><br>Cat: 562 6272 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Zeani" title="Virginia Zeani">Virginia Zeani</a>, <br>Valeria Mariconda, <br><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Kraus" title="Alfredo Kraus">Alfredo Kraus</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Trimarchi" title="Domenico Trimarchi">Domenico Trimarchi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Votto" title="Antonino Votto">Antonino Votto</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Massimo" title="Teatro Massimo">Orchestra e Coro del Teatro Massimo di Palermo</a></td> <td>CD: G.O.P.<br>Cat: 749-CD2</td> <td>In Italian </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Fassbaender" title="Brigitte Fassbaender">Brigitte Fassbaender</a>, <br>Marianne Seibel,<br><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Hans_G%C3%BCnter_N%C3%B6cker" title="Hans Günter Nöcker">Hans Günther Nöcker</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_L%C3%B3pez_Cobos" title="Jesús López Cobos">Jesús López Cobos</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Bayerisches_Staatsorchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayerisches Staatsorchester">Bayerisches Staatsorchester</a></td> <td>CD: Orfeo<br>Cat: B00000AFDE </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Troyanos" title="Tatiana Troyanos">Tatiana Troyanos</a>, <br>Christine Barbaux, <br><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Kraus" title="Alfredo Kraus">Alfredo Kraus</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Manuguerra" title="Matteo Manuguerra">Matteo Manuguerra</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michel_Plasson" title="Michel Plasson">Michel Plasson</a> <br><a href="/wiki/London_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="London Philharmonic Orchestra">London Philharmonic Orchestra</a></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a><br>Cat: 7 49610-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elena_Obraztsova" title="Elena Obraztsova">Elena Obraztsova</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Arleen_Auger" title="Arleen Auger">Arleen Auger</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Franz_Grundheber" title="Franz Grundheber">Franz Grundheber</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Chailly" title="Riccardo Chailly">Riccardo Chailly</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra">Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra</a></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a><br>Cat: 477 5652-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Werther_(Colin_Davis_recording)" title="Werther (Colin Davis recording)">1980</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederica_von_Stade" title="Frederica von Stade">Frederica von Stade</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Isobel_Buchanan" title="Isobel Buchanan">Isobel Buchanan</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carreras" title="José Carreras">José Carreras</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allen_(baritone)" title="Thomas Allen (baritone)">Thomas Allen</a></td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Colin_Davis" title="Colin Davis">Colin Davis</a> <br>Orchestra of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a>, Covent Garden</td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/Philips_Records" title="Philips Records">Philips</a><br>Cat: 416 654-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Fassbaender" title="Brigitte Fassbaender">Brigitte Fassbaender</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9na_Haj%C3%B3ssyov%C3%A1" title="Magdaléna Hajóssyová">Magdaléna Hajossyová</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dvorsk%C3%BD" title="Peter Dvorský">Peter Dvorský</a>,<br>Hans Helm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libor_Pe%C5%A1ek" title="Libor Pešek">Libor Pešek</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Prague_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra">Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>,<br>Chorus of the <a href="/wiki/Bambini_di_Praga" title="Bambini di Praga">Bambini di Praga</a><br>(Television film directed by <a href="/wiki/Petr_Weigl" title="Petr Weigl">Petr Weigl</a>)</td> <td>CD (soundtrack): <a href="/wiki/Supraphon" title="Supraphon">Supraphon</a><br>Cat: 11 1547-2 632<br><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">LD</a>: Amadeo PHLK 7503<br><span class="nowrap">DVD: Image Entertainment</span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vesselina_Kasarova" title="Vesselina Kasarova">Vesselina Kasarova</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Kotoski" title="Dawn Kotoski">Dawn Kotoski</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Vargas" title="Ramón Vargas">Ramón Vargas</a>, <br>Christopher Schaldenbrand</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Jurowski" title="Vladimir Jurowski">Vladimir Jurowski</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Symphonie-Orchester_Berlin" title="Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin">Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin</a></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a><br>Cat: 74321 58224-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angela_Gheorghiu" title="Angela Gheorghiu">Angela Gheorghiu</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Petibon" title="Patricia Petibon">Patricia Petibon</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Alagna" title="Roberto Alagna">Roberto Alagna</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hampson" title="Thomas Hampson">Thomas Hampson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pappano" title="Antonio Pappano">Antonio Pappano</a> <br><a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a><br>Cat: EMI 81849 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice_Uria-Monzon" title="Béatrice Uria-Monzon">Béatrice Uria-Monzon</a>, <br>Jaël Azzaretti, <br><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Haddock" title="Marcus Haddock">Marcus Haddock</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Massis" title="René Massis">René Massis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Casadesus" title="Jean-Claude Casadesus">Jean-Claude Casadesus</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Orchestre_National_de_Lille" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestre National de Lille">Orchestre National de Lille</a></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/Naxos_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxos Records">Naxos</a><br>Cat: 8.660072-73 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C4%ABna_Garan%C4%8Da" title="Elīna Garanča">Elīna Garanča</a>, <br><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Tonca" class="extiw" title="de:Ileana Tonca">Ileana Tonca</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_%C3%81lvarez" title="Marcelo Álvarez">Marcelo Álvarez</a>, <br><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Er%C3%B6d" title="Adrian Eröd">Adrian Eröd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Jordan" title="Philippe Jordan">Philippe Jordan</a><br><a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a><br>(Video of a performance in March)</td> <td>DVD: <a href="/wiki/TDK" title="TDK">TDK</a><br>Cat: DVWW-OPWER </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Susan_Graham" title="Susan Graham">Susan Graham</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Sandrine_Piau" title="Sandrine Piau">Sandrine Piau</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hampson" title="Thomas Hampson">Thomas Hampson</a> (baritone),<br><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Degout" title="Stéphane Degout">Stéphane Degout</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michel_Plasson" title="Michel Plasson">Michel Plasson</a><br><a href="/wiki/Orchestre_national_du_Capitole_de_Toulouse" title="Orchestre national du Capitole de Toulouse">Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse</a><br>(Video of a concert performance on 29 April)</td> <td>DVD: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin Classics</a><br>Cat: 359257-9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Koch" title="Sophie Koch">Sophie Koch</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Anne-Catherine_Gillet" title="Anne-Catherine Gillet">Anne-Catherine Gillet</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kaufmann" title="Jonas Kaufmann">Jonas Kaufmann</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_T%C3%A9zier" title="Ludovic Tézier">Ludovic Tézier</a></td> <td>Michel Plasson<br><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_National_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra National de Paris">Opéra National de Paris</a></td> <td>DVD: <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a><br>Cat: B0014794-09<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Koch" title="Sophie Koch">Sophie Koch</a>,<br>Eri Nakamura,<br><a href="/wiki/Rolando_Villaz%C3%B3n" title="Rolando Villazón">Rolando Villazón</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Audun_Iversen" title="Audun Iversen">Audun Iversen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pappano" title="Antonio Pappano">Antonio Pappano</a><br>Orchestra of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a><br>Cat: 0289 477 9340 3<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>Anna Stéphany,<br><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lissa_Petit" title="Mélissa Petit">Mélissa Petit</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Juan_Diego_Fl%C3%B3rez" title="Juan Diego Flórez">Juan Diego Flórez</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Audun_Iversen" title="Audun Iversen">Audun Iversen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Meister" title="Cornelius Meister">Cornelius Meister</a><br>Orchestra of the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Opera House">Zürich Opera House</a><br>(Video of a 2017 performance)</td> <td>DVD / Blu-Ray: Accentus<br> Cat: ACC10427 (Blu-Ray), ACC20427 (DVD)<br> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_Gens" title="Véronique Gens">Véronique Gens</a>,<br>Hélène Carpentier,<br><a href="/wiki/Tassis_Christoyannis" title="Tassis Christoyannis">Tassis Christoyannis</a>,<br>Thomas Dolié</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Vashegyi" title="György Vashegyi">György Vashegyi</a><br>Hungarian National Philharmonic Orchestra<br></td> <td>CD: <a href="/wiki/Bru_Zane" class="mw-redirect" title="Bru Zane">Bru Zane</a><br>Cat: BZ1056 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Groveopera-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Groveopera_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Groveopera_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Groveopera_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Groveopera_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Groveopera_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Milnes" title="Rodney Milnes">Milnes R</a>. Werther. In: <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</i>. Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grove-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grove_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Grove%27s_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>, 5th ed., 1954</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolff, Stéphane. <i>Un demi-siècle d'Opéra-Comique (1900–1950).</i> André Bonne, Paris, 1953.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm">MetOpera database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artlyriquefr.fr/oeuvres/Werther.html">Werther page at the French Art Lyrique webpage</a> accessed 5 September 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fogel, Henry (September/October 1992). Review of the recording with Georges Thill as Werther (EMI CHS 7 63195 2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fanfarearchive.com/articles/atop/16_1/1610050.zzhf_MASSENET_Werther_Elie_Cohen.html"><i>Fanfare</i>, <b>16</b> (1)</a>. Accessed November 16, 2010. Subscription required.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Camner, James (July/August 2003). Review of the recording with Georges Thill as Werther (OPERA D'ORO OD 1366). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fanfarearchive.com/articles/atop/26_6/266288.MASSENET_Werther-2.html"><i>Fanfare</i>, <b>26</b> (6)</a>. Accessed November 16, 2010. Subscription required.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Blyth" title="Alan Blyth">Blyth, Alan</a> (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gramophone.net/Issue/Page/March%202004/83/745001/">"<i>Werther</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Return".</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_(magazine)" title="Gramophone (magazine)">Gramophone</a></i>, p. 83]. Accessed November 16, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLMAWERT.HTM">Recordings of <i>Werther</i> on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00000JMP9">1985 recording of <i>Werther</i></a>, amazon.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003ZWTGKU">2010 recording of <i>Werther</i></a>, amazon.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Performance, both conductor and singers, are reviewed quite favorably by Matthew Gurewitsch in <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_News" title="Opera News">Opera News</a></i> (February 2011, p. 66). He has strong reservations about the production and the video direction, however.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutschegrammophon.com/cat/single?PRODUCT_NR=4779340">Details of this recording of <i>Werther</i> on DeutscheGrammophon.com</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUptonBorowski1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Putnam_Upton" title="George Putnam Upton">Upton, George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Felix_Borowski" title="Felix Borowski">Borowski, Felix</a> (1928). <i>The Standard Opera Guide</i>. Blue Ribbon Books, New York. pp. <span class="nowrap">187–</span>8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Standard+Opera+Guide&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E187-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=Blue+Ribbon+Books%2C+New+York&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Upton&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Borowski%2C+Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWerther" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobbé1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Kobb%C3%A9" title="Gustav Kobbé">Kobbé, Gustav</a> (1976). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Opera_Book" title="The Complete Opera Book">The Complete Opera Book</a></i>. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">864–</span>9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Opera+Book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E864-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Kobb%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWerther" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuebner2006" class="citation book cs1">Huebner, Steven (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KSQGZOTQKmwC&q=%22Stagecraft+Massenet%27s%22&pg=PA113"><i>French Opera at the Fin de Siècle: Werther</i></a>. Oxford University Press, US. pp. <span class="nowrap">113–</span>34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518954-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518954-4"><bdi>978-0-19-518954-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Opera+at+the+Fin+de+Si%C3%A8cle%3A+Werther&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+US&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518954-4&rft.aulast=Huebner&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKSQGZOTQKmwC%26q%3D%2522Stagecraft%2BMassenet%2527s%2522%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWerther" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Werther_(Massenet,_Jules)" class="extiw" title="scores:Werther (Massenet, Jules)"><i>Werther</i></a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/aby3341/large/index.html"><i>Werther</i>: Full orchestral score</a>, indiana.edu</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wertherdramelyri1893mass">Werther : drame lyrique en quatre actes et cinq tableaux (d'apres Goethe)</a>, 1893 publication, French, digitization by <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">BYU</a> on archive.org</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=Werther&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ssilvers" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1721789743"> <span>Last edited on 24 July 2024, at 02:55</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther_(Massenet)" title="Werther (Massenet) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Werther (Massenet)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther" title="Werther – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Werther" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther_(Massenet)" title="Werther (Massenet) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Werther (Massenet)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther" title="Werther – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Werther" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther" title="Werther – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Werther" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther_(op%C3%A9ra)" title="Werther (opéra) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Werther (opéra)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4_(%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9D%BC)" title="베르테르 (오페라) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르테르 (오페라)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1)" title="Վերթեր (օպերա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերթեր (օպերա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther_(opera)" title="Werther (opera) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Werther (opera)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%A8" title="ורתר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ורתר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther" title="Werther – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Werther" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther_(opera)" title="Werther (opera) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Werther (opera)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9)" title="ウェルテル (オペラ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェルテル (オペラ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther_(%C3%B3pera)" title="Werther (ópera) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Werther (ópera)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Вертер (опера) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вертер (опера)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther" title="Werther – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Werther" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Вертер (опера) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вертер (опера)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther" title="Werther – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Werther" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werther_(opera)" title="Werther (opera) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Werther (opera)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Вертер (опера) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вертер (опера)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9_(%E6%AD%8C%E5%89%A7)" title="维特 (歌剧) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维特 (歌剧)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> 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