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(PDF) Faunal Analysis at Spolverino: Roman to Late Antiquity
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Archaeological excavations have uncovered a complex stratigraphy dated from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity (late 1st- early 6th" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/96711210/21800052/21099240/s200_umberto.albarella.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/108933973/The_faunal_assemblage_from_the_manufacturing_district_at_Spolverino_from_the_Roman_Imperial_period_to_Late_Antiquity" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The faunal assemblage from the manufacturing district at Spolverino: from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This paper presents a zooarchaeological analysis from the site of Spolverino (southern Tuscany, Italy). Archaeological excavations have uncovered a complex stratigraphy dated from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity (late 1st- early 6th" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://sheffield.academia.edu/UAlbarella" /> <meta name="description" content="This paper presents a zooarchaeological analysis from the site of Spolverino (southern Tuscany, Italy). Archaeological excavations have uncovered a complex stratigraphy dated from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity (late 1st- early 6th" /> <title>(PDF) Faunal Analysis at Spolverino: Roman to Late Antiquity</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/108933973/The_faunal_assemblage_from_the_manufacturing_district_at_Spolverino_from_the_Roman_Imperial_period_to_Late_Antiquity" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '76fc599fe9ec1fff2969df94a387714e0e55b182'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740162643000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740162643000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This paper presents a zooarchaeological analysis from the site of Spolverino (southern Tuscany, Italy). Archaeological excavations have uncovered a complex stratigraphy dated from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity (late 1st- early 6th centuries AD). The industrial function of the site in Imperial times is partially reflected in the nature of the faunal assemblage. In Late Antiquity, Spolverino lost its original manufacturing functions, as many of the workshops were abandoned; our evidence, however, suggests that some livestock was kept, probably managed by a restricted group of people still living in that area. Some hunting was practiced throughout the occupation but it increased in the later periods. Remarkable, in Late Antiquity, is the occurrence of the fallow deer, an introduced species, rare in Roman contexts.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Umberto Albarella","url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/UAlbarella"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-11-06","dateModified":"2025-01-31","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"The faunal assemblage from the manufacturing district at Spolverino: from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107194569/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Zooarchaeology","Roman Archaeology","Faunal 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window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":107194569,"identifier":"Attachment_107194569","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":108933973,"created_at":"2023-11-06T11:49:46.279-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-01-31T15:12:46.151-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This paper presents a zooarchaeological analysis from the site of Spolverino (southern Tuscany, Italy). Archaeological excavations have uncovered a complex stratigraphy dated from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity (late 1st- early 6th centuries AD). The industrial function of the site in Imperial times is partially reflected in the nature of the faunal\nassemblage. In Late Antiquity, Spolverino lost its original manufacturing functions, as many of the workshops were abandoned; our evidence, however, suggests that some livestock was kept, probably managed by a restricted group of people still living in that area. Some hunting was practiced throughout the occupation but it increased in the later periods. Remarkable, in Late Antiquity, is the occurrence of the fallow deer, an introduced species, rare in Roman contexts.","ai_title_tag":"Faunal Analysis at Spolverino: Roman to Late Antiquity","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Archaeofauna"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The faunal assemblage from the manufacturing district at Spolverino: from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [96711210]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":107194569,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The faunal assemblage from the manufacturing district at Spolverino: from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/107194569/mini_magick20231106-1-p4oxrm.png?1699300385" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The faunal assemblage from the manufacturing district at Spolverino: from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96711210" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/UAlbarella"><img alt="Profile image of Umberto Albarella" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/96711210/21800052/21099240/s65_umberto.albarella.jpg" />Umberto Albarella</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Archaeofauna</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">26 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 108933973; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper presents a zooarchaeological analysis from the site of Spolverino (southern Tuscany, Italy). Archaeological excavations have uncovered a complex stratigraphy dated from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity (late 1st- early 6th centuries AD). The industrial function of the site in Imperial times is partially reflected in the nature of the faunal assemblage. In Late Antiquity, Spolverino lost its original manufacturing functions, as many of the workshops were abandoned; our evidence, however, suggests that some livestock was kept, probably managed by a restricted group of people still living in that area. Some hunting was practiced throughout the occupation but it increased in the later periods. Remarkable, in Late Antiquity, is the occurrence of the fallow deer, an introduced species, rare in Roman contexts.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":107194569,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108933973/The_faunal_assemblage_from_the_manufacturing_district_at_Spolverino_from_the_Roman_Imperial_period_to_Late_Antiquity"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":107194569,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108933973/The_faunal_assemblage_from_the_manufacturing_district_at_Spolverino_from_the_Roman_Imperial_period_to_Late_Antiquity"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Zooarchaeological evidence for Roman transformation of animal husbandry in Northern Italy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1349272" href="https://udl.academia.edu/AriadnaNietoEspinet">Ariadna Nieto Espinet</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Throughout the Western provinces of the Roman Empire, greater economic and political connectivity had a major impact on agricultural production, which grew in scale and specialisation after integration with the Roman state. However, uniquely in Western Europe, farming strategies in Italy began to evolve centuries before the Roman conquest, and many ‘Roman’ patterns associated with livestock size and the relative proportions of different taxa first emerged during the early and middle centuries of the first millennium BC. 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Zooarchaeological evidence for Roman transformation of animal husbandry in Northern Italy","attachmentId":84380191,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76799370/New_trajectories_or_accelerating_change_Zooarchaeological_evidence_for_Roman_transformation_of_animal_husbandry_in_Northern_Italy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76799370/New_trajectories_or_accelerating_change_Zooarchaeological_evidence_for_Roman_transformation_of_animal_husbandry_in_Northern_Italy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="80023536" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80023536/The_transition_from_late_antiquity_to_early_Middle_Ages_in_Italy_A_zooarchaeological_perspective">The transition from late antiquity to early Middle Ages in Italy. A zooarchaeological perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6099" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrankSalvadori">Frank Salvadori</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of this paper is to address the issue of the Transition in Italy proposing some thoughts about the possible links between economy, trade and animals. Connections that could be in some way explained by using zooarchaeological finds as a narrative source. More properly this is a sort of notes for research agenda, arisen from an heterogeneous national panorama, represented by more than seven hundred and sixty thousand fragments, recovered in nearly four hundred different archaeological contexts, analysed in Italy since the seventies until today. To this national sample have been applied analysis according to different kind of data, trying to assess two main orders of information: 1) the diachronic changes of the proportional incidence of the main livestock taxa (Cattle, Caprine and Pig); 2) the frequencies of the sites, within specific temporal ranges, where some particular taxa and ecological groups were found (like salt-water fish, exotic animals, wild species in urban layers). The results obtained with this quantitative methodological approach, allow to propose some working hypothesis concerning breeding, fishing, hunting, growing and decline of trade, alimentary practice, diseases, play and some other anthropic behaviour. After forty years of archaeozoological research in Italy, it seems that there are several evidences that display a transformation in human-animals interactions between the end of antiquity and the beginning of Middle Ages. 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A zooarchaeological perspective","attachmentId":86542978,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80023536/The_transition_from_late_antiquity_to_early_Middle_Ages_in_Italy_A_zooarchaeological_perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80023536/The_transition_from_late_antiquity_to_early_Middle_Ages_in_Italy_A_zooarchaeological_perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="90206106" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90206106/Same_place_changing_patterns_Animal_economy_at_Gabii_Latium_central_Italy_from_the_Early_Iron_Age_through_the_Imperial_period">Same place, changing patterns? Animal economy at Gabii (Latium, central Italy) from the Early Iron Age through the Imperial period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4288571" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/VickiMoses">Vicki Moses</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Large-scale excavations at Gabii, located approximately 18 km east of Rome, began in 2009 under the direction of Professor Nicola Terrenato (University of Michigan) and yielded a huge faunal assemblage spanning from the Iron Age to the Medieval period. The focus of this paper is the comparison of zooarchaeological material from deposits dating to the Iron Age through Archaic Period (8th–6th centuries BCE) and the Republican period (mainly 3rd–1st centuries BCE), with some preliminary data on the Imperial phase. This work examines variations in animal production, distribution, and consumption over time in the same settlement, as well as changes in urbanism, built environment, and the available faunal resources. Zooarchaeological data from Gabii provide detailed information for how animal procurement, rearing, and supply evolved alongside a changing city that increasingly interacted with Rome. Species range, herd composition, management strategies, production of secondary products, breeding improvements, and trade and mobility are all characteristics of the faunal assemblage that reflect society more broadly. 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Analyzing the Zooarchaeological material of the Field Campaigns 2011 to 2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3785990" href="https://univie.academia.edu/NisaKirchengast">Nisa Iduna Kirchengast</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In: G. Schörner (ed.), The Vienna Orme and Pesa Valley Project: Proceedings of the International Workshop held at Vienna, June 22–23, 2018, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper focuses on the zooarchaeological material of the Roman period of the site Molino San Vincenzo and its role in the context of Roman rural sites in the adjacent regions in Tuscany. The preliminary results of the animal bones' analysis are discussed and set in comparison to other Roman-dated sites in this region. Based on these observations, it can be stated that, at Molino San Vincenzo in particular, small ruminants and pigs dominated the picture of animal husbandry. Since sheep represent a relatively high amount, a small livestock husbandry-related agriculture hypothesis can be established.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Animal Bones of Molino San Vincenzo. Analyzing the Zooarchaeological material of the Field Campaigns 2011 to 2017","attachmentId":97412578,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95151384/The_Animal_Bones_of_Molino_San_Vincenzo_Analyzing_the_Zooarchaeological_material_of_the_Field_Campaigns_2011_to_2017","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95151384/The_Animal_Bones_of_Molino_San_Vincenzo_Analyzing_the_Zooarchaeological_material_of_the_Field_Campaigns_2011_to_2017"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="10632973" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10632973/Animals_and_Economic_Patterns_in_Medieval_Apulia_South_Italy_Preliminary_Findings">Animals and Economic Patterns in Medieval Apulia (South Italy): Preliminary Findings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11267795" href="https://uniba-it.academia.edu/GiovanniDeVenuto">Giovanni De Venuto</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Animals and Economic Patterns in Medieval Apulia (South Italy): Preliminary Findings","attachmentId":36568067,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10632973/Animals_and_Economic_Patterns_in_Medieval_Apulia_South_Italy_Preliminary_Findings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10632973/Animals_and_Economic_Patterns_in_Medieval_Apulia_South_Italy_Preliminary_Findings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="4135367" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4135367/Palombo_M_R_Milli_S_and_Rosa_C_2003_2004_Remarks_on_the_biochronology_of_the_late_middle_Pleistocene_mammalian_Faunal_complexes_of_the_Campagna_Romana_Latium_Italy_Geologica_Romana_37_135_143">Palombo, M.R., Milli, S. and Rosa, C., 2003-2004. Remarks on the biochronology of the late middle Pleistocene mammalian Faunal complexes of the Campagna Romana (Latium, Italy). Geologica Romana, 37: 135-143.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1786842" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RosaC">Carlo Rosa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Many Middle Pleistocene vertebrate assemblages of the Campagna Romana occur in well defined sedimentary units and are characterised by an abundance of fossil remains which enable us to recognise several faunal complexes. In particular, the faunas occurring in deposits correlated with the OISs 9 and 7 (Aurelia and Vitinia Formations) have been respectively attributed to the Torre in Pietra and Vitinia FUs, being the latter essentially characterised, with respect to the former, by the abundance of Dama dama "tiberina". The stratigraphic reinterpretation of some outcrops in the urban area of Rome (Sedia del Diavolo, Monte delle Gioie), where this taxon occurred, in addition to analysis of new outcrops and new radiometric dating, suggest a revision of the biochronological scheme up to now adopted. Basing on these data and taking into account that the bioevents utilised to define the Vitina FU are predated, this FU may be suppressed. Consequently the Middle-Upper Pleistocene faunal complexes of the Latium coastal area, occurring in the Aurelia and Vitinia Formations or in the fourth order depositional sequences PG6 (OIS 10-8 partim) and PG7 (OIS 8-6 partim) by , must be referred to the Torre in Pietra FU that in its new acceptation is characterised by the first appearance of Canis lupus, Ursus spelaeus, Megaloceros giganteus, Dama dama, by the persistence of Dama clactoniana and by the assemblage of Elephas antiquus, Bos primigenius and cervids.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Palombo, M.R., Milli, S. and Rosa, C., 2003-2004. Remarks on the biochronology of the late middle Pleistocene mammalian Faunal complexes of the Campagna Romana (Latium, Italy). Geologica Romana, 37: 135-143.","attachmentId":31647441,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4135367/Palombo_M_R_Milli_S_and_Rosa_C_2003_2004_Remarks_on_the_biochronology_of_the_late_middle_Pleistocene_mammalian_Faunal_complexes_of_the_Campagna_Romana_Latium_Italy_Geologica_Romana_37_135_143","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4135367/Palombo_M_R_Milli_S_and_Rosa_C_2003_2004_Remarks_on_the_biochronology_of_the_late_middle_Pleistocene_mammalian_Faunal_complexes_of_the_Campagna_Romana_Latium_Italy_Geologica_Romana_37_135_143"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="1050538" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1050538/Some_considerations_about_the_evolution_of_the_animal_exploitation_in_Central_Italy_from_the_Bronze_Age_to_the_Classical_period">Some considerations about the evolution of the animal exploitation in Central Italy from the Bronze Age to the Classical period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="536143" href="https://unisalento.academia.edu/JacopoDeGrossiMazzorin">Jacopo De Grossi Mazzorin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">De Grossi Mazzorin J., 2004, in B. Santillo Frizell ed., PECUS. Man and Animal in Antiquity, Proceedings of the Conference at the Swedish Institute in Rome, September 9-12, 2002, The Swedish Institute in Rome. Projects and Seminars, 1), Rome, pp. 42-53., 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper follows the work presented to the Conference "From Huts to Houses. Transformations of Ancient Societies". At that time I analysed how changes in the social order of a population condition and modify the sample of faunal remains. In the present work I underline the specific rule of pig and sheep/goat in the economy of various settlements from the Bronze Age to Medieval times in Central Italy . In the Bronze and Iron Age there was an integration between agricultural and animal herding, in the Roman times the changing demographic conditions caused pork to become and important part of the diet. This tendency reaches its peak in the full Imperial period. After the end of the Roman period pig decreased a lot, maybe because of the decrease in population that happened in Rome after Alaric's sack in 410 AD. In the Middle Ages Rome showed a typical framework, characterised by the presence of large destroyed part of the town alternated with kitchen-gardens, vineyards and uncultivated spaces for animal keeping. The percentages of pig progressively decreased and the sheepkeeping increased again.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some considerations about the evolution of the animal exploitation in Central Italy from the Bronze Age to the Classical period","attachmentId":6422063,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1050538/Some_considerations_about_the_evolution_of_the_animal_exploitation_in_Central_Italy_from_the_Bronze_Age_to_the_Classical_period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1050538/Some_considerations_about_the_evolution_of_the_animal_exploitation_in_Central_Italy_from_the_Bronze_Age_to_the_Classical_period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="64194615" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64194615/Remarks_on_the_biochronology_of_the_late_Middle_Pleistocene_mammalian_faunal_complexes_of_the_Campagna_Romana_Latium_Italy_">Remarks on the biochronology of the late Middle Pleistocene mammalian faunal complexes of the Campagna Romana (Latium, Italy)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24369362" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SalvatoreMilli">Salvatore Milli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geologica romana</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Many Middle Pleistocene vertebrate assemblages of the Campagna Romana occur in well defined sedimentary units and are characterised by an abundance of fossil remains which enable us to recognise several faunal complexes. In particular, the faunas occurring in deposits correlated with the OISs 9 and 7 (Aurelia and Vitinia Formations) have been respectively attributed to the Torre in Pietra and Vitinia FUs, being the latter essentially characterised, with respect to the former, by the abundance of Dama dama "tiberina". The stratigraphic reinterpretation of some outcrops in the urban area of Rome (Sedia del Diavolo, Monte delle Gioie), where this taxon occurred, in addition to analysis of new outcrops and new radiometric dating, suggest a revision of the biochronological scheme up to now adopted. Basing on these data and taking into account that the bioevents utilised to define the Vitina FU are predated, this FU may be suppressed. Consequently the Middle-Upper Pleistocene faunal complexes of the Latium coastal area, occurring in the Aurelia and Vitinia Formations or in the fourth order depositional sequences PG6 (OIS 10-8 partim) and PG7 (OIS 8-6 partim) by Milli (1997), must be referred to the Torre in Pietra FU that in its new acceptation is characterised by the first appearance of Canis lupus, Ursus spelaeus, Megaloceros giganteus, Dama dama, by the persistence of Dama clactoniana and by the assemblage of Elephas antiquus, Bos primigenius and cervids.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Remarks on the biochronology of the late Middle Pleistocene mammalian faunal complexes of the Campagna Romana (Latium, Italy)","attachmentId":76342667,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64194615/Remarks_on_the_biochronology_of_the_late_Middle_Pleistocene_mammalian_faunal_complexes_of_the_Campagna_Romana_Latium_Italy_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64194615/Remarks_on_the_biochronology_of_the_late_Middle_Pleistocene_mammalian_faunal_complexes_of_the_Campagna_Romana_Latium_Italy_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="22058976" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22058976/Settlement_strategies_during_the_Metal_Ages_in_the_Upper_Tiber_Valley_Eastern_Tuscany_Central_ltaly_New_zooarchaeological_data">Settlement strategies during the Metal Ages in the Upper Tiber Valley (Eastern Tuscany - Central ltaly). New zooarchaeological data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8242305" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/JCrezzini">Jacopo Crezzini</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3428514" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/AdrianaMoroni">Adriana Moroni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study of macromammal remains from two holocenic sites, Gorgo del Ciliegio and Trebbio, located in the Upper Tiber Valley is presented. These sites, even though situated in the same geographical area, are featured by very different economic and settlement patterns. The Middle Bronze Age settlement of Gorgodel Ciliegio is located on the left bank of the Afra stream, a tributary of the Tiber river, on an alluvial terrace 400 m above sea level. The Afra valley is a narrow valley wedged in between the Apennines. Investigations carried out at t his site produced a number of meaningful data which testify the occurrence of a small inhabited area, composed of a single wide dwelling and other additional structures, which could be interpreted as a sort of Ularge farm". Macromammals remains be long mainly to domestic species, principally ovi-caprines, and, to a less extent, to wild species. The Iron Age site of Trebbio, situated in the Tiber floodplain, is a vast settlement occupying about 20 hectares, whose extent is a clear evidence of the intensive human occupation. At Trebbio wild species are very scarcely represented and pig is the predominant taxon. Integrated results of zooarchaeological, geomorphological, palaeobotanical and cult ural analyses have provided new insights about socio-economic cha nges and settlement strategies occurred in a region where human occupation was strongly influenced by fast modifications of the landscape.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Settlement strategies during the Metal Ages in the Upper Tiber Valley (Eastern Tuscany - Central ltaly). New zooarchaeological data","attachmentId":42734532,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22058976/Settlement_strategies_during_the_Metal_Ages_in_the_Upper_Tiber_Valley_Eastern_Tuscany_Central_ltaly_New_zooarchaeological_data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22058976/Settlement_strategies_during_the_Metal_Ages_in_the_Upper_Tiber_Valley_Eastern_Tuscany_Central_ltaly_New_zooarchaeological_data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107194569,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107194569,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_107194569" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="108370095" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108370095/Butchery_and_exploitation_of_large_mammals_in_the_Epigravettian_levels_of_Grotta_Romanelli_Apulia_Italy_Old_world_hunters_and_gatherers">Butchery and exploitation of large mammals in the Epigravettian levels of Grotta Romanelli (Apulia, Italy): Old world hunters and gatherers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="211885454" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IvanaFiore">Ivana Fiore</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Anthropozoologica, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Butchery and exploitation of large mammals in the Epigravettian levels of Grotta Romanelli (Apulia, Italy): Old world hunters and gatherers","attachmentId":106773074,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108370095/Butchery_and_exploitation_of_large_mammals_in_the_Epigravettian_levels_of_Grotta_Romanelli_Apulia_Italy_Old_world_hunters_and_gatherers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108370095/Butchery_and_exploitation_of_large_mammals_in_the_Epigravettian_levels_of_Grotta_Romanelli_Apulia_Italy_Old_world_hunters_and_gatherers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="2614426" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2614426/Animal_exploitation_in_the_Ancient_Gravettian_of_Grotta_Paglicci_Foggia_Italy_taphonomy_experimentation_and_use_wear_analysis">Animal exploitation in the Ancient Gravettian of Grotta Paglicci (Foggia – Italy) taphonomy, experimentation and use-wear analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3346509" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/JacopoCrezzini">Jacopo Crezzini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Borgia V., Crezzini J. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/2614426/Animal_exploitation_in_the_Ancient_Gravettian_of_Grotta_Paglicci_Foggia_Italy_taphonomy_experimentation_and_use_wear_analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="1383840" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1383840/The_hunting_of_large_mammals_in_the_upper_palaeolithic_of_southern_Italy_A_diachronic_case_study_from_Grotta_del_Romito">The hunting of large mammals in the upper palaeolithic of southern Italy: A diachronic case study from Grotta del Romito</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="459679" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/BeatriceBertiniVacca">Beatrice Bertini Vacca</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The hunting of large mammals in the upper palaeolithic of southern Italy: A diachronic case study from Grotta del Romito","attachmentId":50996897,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1383840/The_hunting_of_large_mammals_in_the_upper_palaeolithic_of_southern_Italy_A_diachronic_case_study_from_Grotta_del_Romito","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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