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repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Oganesson - <sub>118</sub>Og</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Og.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button p_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Oganesson</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Унуноктій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 not available</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Oganesson</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Oganesson</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Oganesson</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 </li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Oganessio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 ウンウンオクチウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Oganessio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Oganessio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Oganesson</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Унуноктий</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="p">Oganesson - <sub><small>118</small></sub>Og: historical information</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a href="../oganesson/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Og Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../oganesson/contents.html">List all Og properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="teaser"> <ul class="ul_facts_table nobullets"> <li><strong><a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">Discoveror</a>:</strong> (not yet confirmed)</li> <li><strong>Place of discovery:</strong> (not yet confirmed)</li> <li><strong>Date of discovery:</strong> 2002</li> <li><strong><a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">Origin of name</a> </strong>: for the element with atomic number 118 the collaborating teams of discoverers at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russia) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA) proposed the name oganesson and symbol Og. The proposal is in line with the tradition of honouring a scientist and recognises Professor Yuri Oganessian (born 1933) for his pioneering contributions to transactinoid elements research. His many achievements include the discovery of superheavy elements and significant advances in the nuclear physics of superheavy nuclei including experimental evidence for the "island of stability". [Source <a href="http://iupac.org/iupac-is-naming-the-four-new-elements-nihonium-moscovium-tennessine-and-oganesson/">IUPAC statement</a>.]. </li> </ul> </div> <p class="p_first">Experiments conducted at Dubna in Russia at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (by workers from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the USA) indicate that element 118 (oganesson, Og) was produced. Not too much though, one atom in the spring of 2002 and two more in 2005.</p> <p>The 2002 experiment involved firing a beam of <sup>48</sup><sub>20</sub>Ca at <sup>249</sup><sub>98</sub>Cf. The experiment took 4 months and involved a beam of 2.5 x 10<sup>19</sup> calcium ions to produce the single event believed to be the synthesis of element 118 (ununoctium) as the <sup>249</sup><sub>118</sub>Uuo isotope. Three neutrons are released during this process</p> <p class="equation"><sup>249</sup><sub>98</sub>Cf + <sup>48</sup><sub>20</sub>Ca → <sup>294</sup><sub>118</sub>Og + 3<sup>1</sup>n</p> <p>This research was reported at an IUPAC conference in China (Yu. Ts. Oganessian, "Synthesis and decay properties of superheavy elements", <em>Pure Appl. Chem</em>., 2006, <strong>78</strong>, 889-904.) in August 2006 and then more recently in Phys Rev C [Yu. Ts. Oganessian, V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. A. Voinov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, G. K. Vostokin, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. B. Patin, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, J. M. Kenneally, J. H. Landrum, J. F. Wild, and R. W. Lougheed, "Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the <sup>249</sup>Cf and <sup>245</sup>Cm+<sup>48</sup>Ca fusion reactions", <a href="http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v74/e044602"><em>Phys. Rev. C</em>, 2006, <strong>74</strong>, 044602</a>].</p> <p>Earlier, a team of Berkeley Lab scientists announced in 1999 the observation of what appeared to be element 118 but retracted the claim after several confirmation experiments failed to reproduce the results. Please see <a href="http://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/118-retraction.html">this page</a> for more details. In this work it was claimed that elements 118 and 116 were formed by accelerating a beam of krypton-86 (<sup>86</sup><sub>36</sub>Kr) ions to an energy of 449 million electron volts and directing the beam onto targets of lead-208 (<sup>208</sup><sub>82</sub>Pb). After 11 days work, just three atoms of the new element were identified. The production rates for element 118 are approximately one in every 10<sup>12</sup> interactions.</p> <p class="equation"><sup>208</sup><sub>82</sub>Pb + <sup>86</sup><sub>36</sub>Kr → <sup>293</sup><sub>118</sub>Uuo + <sup>1</sup>n</p> <p>These experiments were carried out following calculations by Robert Smolanczuk (Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Poland) on the fusion of atomic nucleii. 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