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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Administrative history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regeneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regeneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Regeneration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regeneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Employment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_Wheel_and_City_Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_Wheel_and_City_Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Green Wheel and City Cycling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_Wheel_and_City_Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Linguistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Affiliations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiliations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleontology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleontology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Paleontology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleontology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Freedom of the City </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of the City subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Military units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_and_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_and_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Organisations and groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_and_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Peterborough</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" > 72 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="بيتربرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيتربرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیتربورو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیتربورو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="পিটারবার্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিটারবার্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Пітэрбара (Англія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пітэрбара (Англія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пітэрбара – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пітэрбара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Peterborough (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Peterborough (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Πίτερμπρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πίτερμπρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیتربورو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیتربورو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Peterborough (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peterborough (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%84%EB%9F%AC" title="피터버러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피터버러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Պիտերբորո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պիտերբորո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Питерборо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Питерборо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroburgum" title="Petroburgum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petroburgum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%ABterboro" title="Pīterboro – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pīterboro" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough_(borough)" title="Peterborough (borough) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Peterborough (borough)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piterboras" title="Piterboras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Piterboras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough_(Anglia)" title="Peterborough (Anglia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Peterborough (Anglia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Питерборо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Питерборо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87" title="بيتربره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيتربره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیتربورو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پیتربورو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%92" title="ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯕꯣꯔꯧꯒ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯕꯣꯔꯧꯒ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9" title="ピーターバラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピーターバラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پیٹربرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیٹربرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Питерборо (Англия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Питерборо (Англия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough_(Anglicko)" title="Peterborough (Anglicko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peterborough (Anglicko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Питерборо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Питерборо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Питерборо – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Питерборо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Пітерборо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пітерборо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیٹربورو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیٹربورو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%BC%AF%E5%8B%92" title="彼得伯勒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彼得伯勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="彼德堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彼德堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Peterborough" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%BC%AF%E5%8B%92" title="彼得伯勒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼得伯勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172438#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Peterborough&params=52_33_58_N_00_14_11_W_region:GB_type:city(215673)">52°33′58″N 00°14′11″W / 52.56611°N 0.23639°W / 52.56611; -0.23639</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-Peterborough-article.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Cambridgeshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in England. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Peterborough (disambiguation)">Peterborough (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Peterborough</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">City</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div style="height:197px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_Skyline_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3197226.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Peterborough_Skyline_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3197226.jpg/263px-Peterborough_Skyline_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3197226.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Peterborough_Skyline_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3197226.jpg/395px-Peterborough_Skyline_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3197226.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Peterborough_Skyline_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3197226.jpg/526px-Peterborough_Skyline_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3197226.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></div><div>Skyline of north City Centre from Cathedral (2012)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:View_along_Bridge_Street,_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4934842.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/View_along_Bridge_Street%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4934842.jpg/182px-View_along_Bridge_Street%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4934842.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/View_along_Bridge_Street%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4934842.jpg/273px-View_along_Bridge_Street%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4934842.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/View_along_Bridge_Street%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4934842.jpg/364px-View_along_Bridge_Street%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4934842.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div>Bridge Street</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:79px;max-width:79px"><div style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_City_Centre_Cumbergate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Peterborough_City_Centre_Cumbergate.jpg/77px-Peterborough_City_Centre_Cumbergate.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Peterborough_City_Centre_Cumbergate.jpg/116px-Peterborough_City_Centre_Cumbergate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Peterborough_City_Centre_Cumbergate.jpg/154px-Peterborough_City_Centre_Cumbergate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="2096" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Peterborough" title="St John the Baptist Church, Peterborough">Cumbergate</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_Cathedral_-_western_facade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4677339.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Peterborough_Cathedral_-_western_facade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4677339.jpg/137px-Peterborough_Cathedral_-_western_facade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4677339.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Peterborough_Cathedral_-_western_facade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4677339.jpg/206px-Peterborough_Cathedral_-_western_facade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4677339.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Peterborough_Cathedral_-_western_facade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4677339.jpg/274px-Peterborough_Cathedral_-_western_facade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4677339.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></div><div>The <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_Town_Hall_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Peterborough_Town_Hall_01.jpg/122px-Peterborough_Town_Hall_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Peterborough_Town_Hall_01.jpg/183px-Peterborough_Town_Hall_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Peterborough_Town_Hall_01.jpg/244px-Peterborough_Town_Hall_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div>The <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Town_Hall" title="Peterborough Town Hall">Town Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Fletton_quays_Peterborough_city_entre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fletton_quays_Peterborough_city_entre.png/128px-Fletton_quays_Peterborough_city_entre.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fletton_quays_Peterborough_city_entre.png/192px-Fletton_quays_Peterborough_city_entre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fletton_quays_Peterborough_city_entre.png/256px-Fletton_quays_Peterborough_city_entre.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="489" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Fletton" title="Fletton">Fletton</a> Quays</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Guildhall,_Cathedral_Square,_Peterborough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg/131px-Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg/197px-Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg/262px-Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5013" data-file-height="3759" /></a></div><div>The <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Guildhall" title="Peterborough Guildhall">Guildhall</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridgeshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peterborough is located in Cambridgeshire"><img alt="Peterborough is located in Cambridgeshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cambridgeshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Cambridgeshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cambridgeshire_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Cambridgeshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cambridgeshire_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Cambridgeshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1266" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.196%;left:27.186%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Peterborough" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Peterborough</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">215,673 (2021)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=52.572502~-0.242497&lvl=17&sp=Point.52.572502_-0.242497_Peterborough&sty=s&style=s">TL 19204 98638</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">City of Peterborough</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">PETERBOROUGH</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PE_postcode_area" title="PE postcode area">PE1–PE8</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01733</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_Constabulary" title="Cambridgeshire Constabulary">Cambridgeshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service">Cambridgeshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_Ambulance_Service" title="East of England Ambulance Service">East of England</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)">Peterborough</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peterborough.gov.uk">peterborough.gov.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>List of places</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cambridgeshire" title="List of places in Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Peterborough&params=52_33_58_N_00_14_11_W_region:GB_type:city(215673)">52°33′58″N 00°14′11″W / 52.56611°N 0.23639°W / 52.56611; -0.23639</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Peterborough (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈpiːtərbərə, -bʌrə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/52\/En-uk-Peterborough.ogg\/En-uk-Peterborough.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-Peterborough.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/En-uk-Peterborough.ogg/En-uk-Peterborough.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-Peterborough.ogg" title="File:En-uk-Peterborough.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">PEE-tər-bər-ə, -⁠burr-ə</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">cathedral city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">City of Peterborough</a> district in the ceremonial county of <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, England. For centuries, the city and many of its surrounding villages formed the <a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough" title="Soke of Peterborough">Soke of Peterborough</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>. The Soke of Peterborough had an <a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough_County_Council" title="Soke of Peterborough County Council">independent county council</a>, based in the city, between 1889 and 1965. After the Soke of Peterborough was abolished in 1965, the city formed part of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_and_Peterborough" title="Huntingdon and Peterborough">Huntingdon and Peterborough</a> until 1974. Though the city has a long history as part of Northamptonshire (from the Middle Ages up to 1965), the city has been part of Cambridgeshire since 1974, and is the largest settlement in that county. The city is 74 miles (119 km) north of London, on the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a> which flows into <a href="/wiki/The_Wash" title="The Wash">The Wash</a> 27 miles (43 km) to the north-east; the <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">cathedral city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a> is 24 miles (39 km) east-southeast across the <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">Fens</a> and the university city of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> is 30 miles (48 km) to the southeast. The local topography is flat, and in some places, the land lies below sea level, for example in parts of the Fens to the east and to the south of Peterborough. Human settlement in the area began before the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, as can be seen at the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Fen" title="Flag Fen">Flag Fen</a> archaeological site to the east of the current city centre, also with evidence of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> occupation. The <a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a> period saw the establishment of a monastery, <a href="/wiki/Medeshamstede" title="Medeshamstede">Medeshamstede</a>, which later became <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Cathedral</a>. As of the 2021 census the <a href="/wiki/Built-up_area_sub_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Built-up area sub division">built-up area subdivision</a> had a population of 192,178. In 2021 the Unitary Authority area had a population of 215,671.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The population grew rapidly after the railways along with industry, the town became known for brick manufacture, arrived in the 19th century. After the Second World War, industrial employment fell and growth was limited until its designation as a <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">New Town</a> in the 1960s. The town's main economic sectors are financial services and distribution. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> The original name of the town was <a href="/wiki/Medeshamstede" title="Medeshamstede">Medeshamstede</a>. The town's name changed to Burgh from the late tenth century, possibly after Abbot Kenulf had built a <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">defensive wall</a> around the abbey which was dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>; eventually this developed into the form Peterborough. In the 12th century, the town was also known as Gildenburgh, which is found in the Peterborough version of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a> (see Peterborough Chronicle below) and a history of the abbey by the monk <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Candidus" title="Hugh Candidus">Hugh Candidus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The town does not appear to have been a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_borough" title="Ancient borough">borough</a> until at least the 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> Peterborough and its surrounding areas around have been inhabited for thousands of years because it is where permanently drained land in <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">The Fens</a> is created by the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a>. Remains of Iron Age settlement and what is thought to be religious activity can be seen at the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Fen" title="Flag Fen">Flag Fen</a> archaeological site to the east of the city centre. The Romans established a fortified garrison town at <a href="/wiki/Durobrivae_(Water_Newton)" title="Durobrivae (Water Newton)">Durobrivae</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ermine_Street" title="Ermine Street">Ermine Street</a>, five miles (8.0 km) to the west in Water Newton, around the middle of the 1st century AD. Durobrivae's earliest appearance among surviving records is in the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Itinerary" title="Antonine Itinerary">Antonine Itinerary</a> of the late 2nd century.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> There was also a large 1st century <a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Roman fort</a> at <a href="/wiki/Longthorpe,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Longthorpe, Peterborough">Longthorpe</a>, designed to house half a <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legion</a>, or about 3,000 soldiers;<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> it may have been established as early as around AD 44–48.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Peterborough was an important area of ceramic production in the Roman period, providing <a href="/wiki/Nene_Valley_Colour_Coated_Ware" title="Nene Valley Colour Coated Ware">Nene Valley Ware</a> that was traded as far away as Cornwall and the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a>, Caledonia.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Peterborough is shown by its original name Medeshamstede to have possibly been an <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Anglian</a> settlement before AD 655, when <a href="/wiki/Sexwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexwulf">Sexwulf</a> founded a monastery on land granted to him for that purpose by <a href="/wiki/Peada_of_Mercia" title="Peada of Mercia">Peada of Mercia</a>, who converted to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and was briefly ruler of the smaller <a href="/wiki/Middle_Angles" title="Middle Angles">Middle Angles</a> sub-group. His brother <a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_Mercia" title="Wulfhere of Mercia">Wulfhere</a> murdered his own sons, similarly converted and then finished the monastery by way of <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">atonement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lewis-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hereward_the_Wake" title="Hereward the Wake">Hereward the Wake</a> rampaged through the town in 1069 or 1070. Outraged, Abbot Turold erected a fort or castle, which, from his name, was called Mont Turold: this mound, or hill, is on the outside of the deanery garden, now called Tout Hill, although in 1848 Tot-hill or Toot Hill.<a href="#cite_note-Touthill-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbey</a> church was rebuilt and greatly enlarged in the 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-TTB-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Chronicle" title="Peterborough Chronicle">Peterborough Chronicle</a>, a version of the Anglo-Saxon one, contains unique information about the <a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">history of England</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest</a>, written here by monks in the 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> This is the only known prose history in English between the conquest and the later 14th century.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The burgesses received their first charter from "Abbot Robert" – probably Robert of Sutton (1262–1273).<a href="#cite_note-chisholm-14">[14]</a> The place suffered materially in the war between <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a> and the confederate barons, many of whom took refuge in the monastery here and in <a href="/wiki/Crowland_Abbey" title="Crowland Abbey">Crowland Abbey</a>, from which sanctuaries they were forced by the king's soldiers, who plundered the religious houses and carried off great treasures.<a href="#cite_note-lewis-9">[9]</a> The abbey church became one of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>'s retained, more secular, cathedrals in 1541,<a href="#cite_note-Sweeting-15">[15]</a> having been assessed at the Dissolution as having revenue of £1,972.7s.0¾d per annum.<a href="#cite_note-lewis-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_Cathedral_March_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Peterborough_Cathedral_March_2010.jpg/220px-Peterborough_Cathedral_March_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Peterborough_Cathedral_March_2010.jpg/330px-Peterborough_Cathedral_March_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Peterborough_Cathedral_March_2010.jpg/440px-Peterborough_Cathedral_March_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6544" data-file-height="6192" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Cathedral</a> (1118–1375), the <a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">Early English Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_architecture_of_Western_Europe#West_front" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral architecture of Western Europe">west front</a></figcaption></figure> When <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">civil war</a> broke out, Peterborough was divided between supporters of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a>. The city lay on the border of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Association" title="Eastern Association">Eastern Association</a> of counties which sided with Parliament, and the war reached Peterborough in 1643 when soldiers arrived in the city to attack Royalist strongholds at <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Lincolnshire" title="Stamford, Lincolnshire">Stamford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crowland" title="Crowland">Crowland</a>. The Royalist forces were defeated within a few weeks and retreated to <a href="/wiki/Burghley_House" title="Burghley House">Burghley House</a>, where they were captured and sent to <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> While the Parliamentary soldiers were in Peterborough, however, they ransacked the cathedral, destroying the <a href="/wiki/Lady_chapel" title="Lady chapel">Lady Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapter_house" title="Chapter house">chapter house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloister</a>, high altar and choir stalls, as well as mediaeval decoration and records.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Among the privileges claimed by the abbot as early as the 13th century was that of having a prison for felons taken in the <a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough" title="Soke of Peterborough">Soke of Peterborough</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(division)" title="Liberty (division)">liberty</a> within <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>. This afforded it administrative and judicial independence from the rest of the county, with it having a <a href="/wiki/Quarter_sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter sessions">quarter sessions</a> separate from the rest of Northamptonshire from 1349.<a href="#cite_note-brandon-peterborough-past-18">[18]</a> In 1576 Bishop <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Scambler" title="Edmund Scambler">Edmund Scambler</a> sold the <a href="/wiki/Lord_paramount" title="Lord paramount">lordship</a> of the hundred of Nassaburgh, which was coextensive with the Soke, to Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>, who gave it to <a href="/wiki/Lord_Burghley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Burghley">Lord Burghley</a>, and from that time until the 19th century he and his descendants, the Earls and <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Exeter" title="Marquess of Exeter">Marquesses of Exeter</a>, had a separate gaol for prisoners arrested in the Soke.<a href="#cite_note-chisholm-14">[14]</a> The abbot formerly held four fairs, of which two, St. Peter's Fair, granted in 1189 and later held on the second Tuesday and Wednesday in July, and the Brigge Fair, granted in 1439 and later held on the first Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday in October, were purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">corporation</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Commissioners" title="Ecclesiastical Commissioners">Ecclesiastical Commissioners</a> in 1876. The Bridge Fair, as it is now known, granted to the abbey by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">King Henry VI</a>, survives.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Prayers for the opening of the fair were once said at the morning service in the cathedral, followed by a civic proclamation and a sausage lunch at the <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Town_Hall" title="Peterborough Town Hall">town hall</a> which still takes place. The mayor traditionally leads a procession from the town hall to the fair where the proclamation is read, asking all persons to "behave soberly and civilly, and to pay their just dues and demands according to the laws of the realm and the rights of the City of Peterborough".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern history">edit</a>]</div> Railway lines began operating locally during the 1840s, but it was the 1850 opening of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(Great_Britain)" title="Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)">Great Northern Railway</a>'s line from London to <a href="/wiki/York_railway_station" title="York railway station">York</a> that transformed Peterborough from a market town to an industrial centre. <a href="/wiki/Brownlow_Cecil,_2nd_Marquess_of_Exeter" title="Brownlow Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Exeter">Lord Exeter</a> had opposed the railway passing through Stamford, so Peterborough, situated between two main terminals at London and <a href="/wiki/Doncaster" title="Doncaster">Doncaster</a>, increasingly developed as a regional hub.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_of_Burghley_House_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Front_of_Burghley_House_2009.jpg/220px-Front_of_Burghley_House_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Front_of_Burghley_House_2009.jpg/330px-Front_of_Burghley_House_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Front_of_Burghley_House_2009.jpg/440px-Front_of_Burghley_House_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4113" data-file-height="2692" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Burghley_House" title="Burghley House">Burghley House</a> (1555–1587), seat of the Marquess of Exeter, hereditary Lord Paramount of Peterborough</figcaption></figure> Coupled with vast local clay deposits, the railway enabled large scale brickmaking and distribution to take place. The area was the UK's leading producer of bricks for much of the twentieth century. Brick-making had been a small seasonal craft since the early nineteenth century, but during the 1890s successful experiments at <a href="/wiki/Fletton,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletton, Peterborough">Fletton</a> using the harder clays from a lower level had resulted in a much more efficient process.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The market dominance during this period of the <a href="/wiki/London_Brick_Company" title="London Brick Company">London Brick Company</a>, founded by the prolific Scottish builder and architect <a href="/wiki/John_Cathles_Hill" title="John Cathles Hill">John Cathles Hill</a>, gave rise to some of the country's most well-known landmarks, all built using the ubiquitous Fletton Brick.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perkins_Engines" title="Perkins Engines">Perkins Engines</a> was established in Peterborough in 1932 by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Perkins_(engineer)" title="Frank Perkins (engineer)">Frank Perkins</a>, creator of the Perkins diesel engine. Thirty years later it employed more than a tenth of the population of Peterborough, mainly at <a href="/wiki/Eastfield,_Peterborough" title="Eastfield, Peterborough">Eastfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baker_Perkins" title="Baker Perkins">Baker Perkins</a> had relocated from London to <a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Peterborough" title="Westwood, Peterborough">Westwood</a>, now the site of <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Peterborough" title="HM Prison Peterborough">HM Prison Peterborough</a>, in 1903, followed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brotherhood" title="Peter Brotherhood">Peter Brotherhood</a> to <a href="/wiki/Walton,_Peterborough" title="Walton, Peterborough">Walton</a> in 1906; both manufacturers of industrial machinery, they too became major employers in the city.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Sugar" title="British Sugar">British Sugar</a> has moved its headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Peterborough" title="Hampton, Peterborough">Hampton</a> from <a href="/wiki/Woodston,_Peterborough" title="Woodston, Peterborough">Woodston</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Beet_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Beet sugar">beet sugar</a> factory, which opened there in 1926, was closed in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Norwich_and_Peterborough_Building_Society" title="Norwich and Peterborough Building Society">Norwich and Peterborough</a> (N&P) was formed by the merger of the Norwich Building Society and the Peterborough Building Society in 1986. It was the ninth largest building society at the time of its merger into the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Building_Society" title="Yorkshire Building Society">Yorkshire Group</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> N&P continued to operate under its own brand administered at Lynch Wood until 2018. Prior to merger with the <a href="/wiki/Midlands_Co-operative_Society" title="Midlands Co-operative Society">Midlands Co-op</a> in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Regional_Co-operative_Society" title="Anglia Regional Co-operative Society">Anglia Regional</a>, the UK's fifth largest co-operative society, was also based in Peterborough, where it was established in 1876.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The combined society began trading as <a href="/wiki/Central_England_Co-operative" title="Central England Co-operative">Central England Co-operative</a> in 2014. Designated a <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">New Town</a> in 1967, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Development_Corporation" title="Peterborough Development Corporation">Peterborough Development Corporation</a> was formed in partnership with the city and county councils to house London's <a href="/wiki/London_overspill" title="London overspill">overspill</a> population in new <a href="/wiki/Township_(England)" title="Township (England)">townships</a> sited around the existing urban area.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> There were to be four townships, one each at <a href="/wiki/Bretton,_Peterborough" title="Bretton, Peterborough">Bretton</a> (originally to be called Milton, a hamlet in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>), <a href="/wiki/Orton,_Peterborough" title="Orton, Peterborough">Orton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paston,_Peterborough" title="Paston, Peterborough">Paston</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Werrington,_Peterborough" title="Werrington, Peterborough">Werrington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castor,_Cambridgeshire" title="Castor, Cambridgeshire">Castor</a>. The last of these was never built, but a fourth, called <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Peterborough" title="Hampton, Peterborough">Hampton</a>, is now taking shape south of the city. It was decided that the city should have a major indoor shopping centre at its heart. Planning permission was received in late summer 1976 and <a href="/wiki/Queensgate_shopping_centre,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensgate shopping centre, United Kingdom">Queensgate</a>, containing over 90 stores and including parking for 2,300 cars, was opened by Queen <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix of the Netherlands</a> in 1982. 34 miles (55 km) of urban roads were planned and a network of high-speed landscaped thoroughfares, known as <a href="/wiki/Parkway" title="Parkway">parkways</a>, was constructed.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Peterborough's population grew by 45.4% between 1971 and 1991. New service sector companies like <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook_Group" title="Thomas Cook Group">Thomas Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Group" title="Phoenix Group">Pearl Assurance</a> were attracted to the city, ending the dominance of the manufacturing industry as employers. An <a href="/wiki/Urban_regeneration_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban regeneration company">urban regeneration company</a> named Opportunity Peterborough, under the chairmanship of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mawhinney,_Baron_Mawhinney" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Mawhinney, Baron Mawhinney">Lord Mawhinney</a>, was set up by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Deputy Prime Minister">Office of the Deputy Prime Minister</a> in 2005 to oversee Peterborough's future development.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Between 2006 and 2012 a £1 billion redevelopment of the city centre and surrounding areas was planned. The master plan provided guidelines on the physical shaping of the city centre over the next 15–20 years. Proposals are still progressing for the north of Westgate, the south bank and the station quarter, where <a href="/wiki/Network_Rail" title="Network Rail">Network Rail</a> is preparing a major mixed use development.<a href="#cite_note-plan-32">[32]</a> Whilst recognising that the reconfiguration of the relationship between the city and station was critical, <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> found the current plans for Westgate unconvincing and felt more thought should be given to the vitality of the historic core.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In recent years Peterborough has undergone significant changes with numerous developments underway, most notably are Fletton Quays, a project to construct 350 apartments, various office spaces as well as a new home for <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough City Council</a> with other projects within the development to include a <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Garden_Inn" title="Hilton Garden Inn">Hilton Garden Inn</a> hotel with a sky bar, a new passport office and various leisure, restaurant and retail opportunities. Other projects within the city include the extension to <a href="/wiki/Queensgate_shopping_centre,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensgate shopping centre, United Kingdom">Queensgate Shopping Centre</a>, The Great Northern Hotel and more recently plans to extend the <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_railway_station" title="Peterborough railway station">railway station</a> and long stay car park to facilitate more office space in the city centre and further parking. In 2020 planning permission was granted for a new university, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aru.ac.uk/peterborough">ARU Peterborough</a>, which subsequently opened its doors in September 2022 on Bishops Road, a five-minute walk from the City Centre. It is an employment focused university run by <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin University</a> with four faculties: Business, Innovation and Entrepreneurship; Creative and Digital Arts and Sciences; Agriculture, Environment and Sustainability; Health and Education. The new university took its first cohort of students in 2022, expecting to recruit up to 12,500 by 2028. ARU Peterborough is not expected to receive its degree awarding powers before 2030 when a review will take place to determine its future as part of Anglia Ruskin University or whether it should become its own entity. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough City Council</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Hall,_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3900218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Town_Hall%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3900218.jpg/220px-Town_Hall%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3900218.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Town_Hall%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3900218.jpg/330px-Town_Hall%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3900218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Town_Hall%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3900218.jpg/440px-Town_Hall%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3900218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Town_Hall" title="Peterborough Town Hall">Peterborough Town Hall</a>: Meeting place of the city council</figcaption></figure> There is one main tier of local government covering Peterborough, at <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a> level, being <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough City Council</a>, which meets at <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Town_Hall" title="Peterborough Town Hall">Peterborough Town Hall</a> and has its main offices at Sand Martin House on Bittern Way.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The city council is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_and_Peterborough_Combined_Authority" title="Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority">Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority</a>, led by the directly elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Cambridgeshire_and_Peterborough" title="Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough">Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough</a>. The area governed by the city council is the <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">district</a> of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a>, which extends beyond the urban area of Peterborough itself to include surrounding villages and rural areas, particularly to the north-west and north-east. Peterborough's <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> is formally held by the local government district rather than the urban area.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Much of the Peterborough urban area is <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished</a>, but some of the suburbs are included in <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes">civil parishes</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bretton,_Peterborough" title="Bretton, Peterborough">Bretton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Hargate_and_Vale" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampton Hargate and Vale">Hampton Hargate and Vale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orton_Longueville" class="mw-redirect" title="Orton Longueville">Orton Longueville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orton_Waterville" class="mw-redirect" title="Orton Waterville">Orton Waterville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administrative history">edit</a>]</div> Peterborough was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient parish">ancient parish</a>, which was historically in the <a href="/wiki/Nassaburgh_hundred" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassaburgh hundred">Nassaburgh hundred</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The parish was divided into five <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlets</a> or townships: <a href="/wiki/Dogsthorpe" title="Dogsthorpe">Dogsthorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastfield,_Peterborough" title="Eastfield, Peterborough">Eastfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longthorpe" title="Longthorpe">Longthorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newark,_Peterborough" title="Newark, Peterborough">Newark</a> and a Peterborough township covering the central part of the parish including the town. Within the Peterborough township was an <a href="/wiki/Extra-parochial_area" title="Extra-parochial area">extra-parochial area</a> known as the Minster Precincts, covering St Peter's Abbey and its <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_close" title="Cathedral close">close</a>. When the former abbey church became <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Cathedral</a> in 1541, Peterborough was thereafter deemed to be a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city</a>. The area originally holding city status was the Peterborough township plus the Minster Precincts.<a href="#cite_note-1832commissioners-39">[39]</a> Although made a city in 1541, at that time Peterborough was not a <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough</a> (despite including the word in its name). Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution</a> of the abbey in 1539, the abbey had been the <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manorial</a> owner of the town; that ownership passed to the new cathedral authorities. A <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)">Peterborough constituency</a> was also created in 1541, covering the same area as the city.<a href="#cite_note-1832commissioners-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 1790 a body of <a href="/wiki/Improvement_commissioners" title="Improvement commissioners">improvement commissioners</a> was established to provide public services in the city.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 1874 Peterborough was incorporated as a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a>, with the commissioners replaced by an elected council initially comprising a mayor, six <a href="/wiki/Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldermen">aldermen</a> and eighteen <a href="/wiki/Councillors" class="mw-redirect" title="Councillors">councillors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The municipal borough was abolished in 1974 when the modern district was created, being a lower tier <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a>, with the area also being transferred to Cambridgeshire at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 1998 the Peterborough district was removed from the <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">non-metropolitan county</a> of Cambridgeshire (the area governed by <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_County_Council" title="Cambridgeshire County Council">Cambridgeshire County Council</a>) to become a unitary authority, whilst remaining part of the <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial county">ceremonial county</a> of Cambridgeshire for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">lieutenancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shrievalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrievalty">shrievalty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Peterborough_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cmglee_Peterborough_market.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Peterborough_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cmglee_Peterborough_market.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Peterborough_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cmglee_Peterborough_market.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Peterborough_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Peterborough market, Laxton Square</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Peterborough_Queensgate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cmglee_Peterborough_Queensgate.jpg/170px-Cmglee_Peterborough_Queensgate.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cmglee_Peterborough_Queensgate.jpg/255px-Cmglee_Peterborough_Queensgate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cmglee_Peterborough_Queensgate.jpg/340px-Cmglee_Peterborough_Queensgate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>North Square, Queensgate shopping centre</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regeneration">Regeneration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Regeneration">edit</a>]</div> Figures plotting growth from 1995 to 2004, revealed that Peterborough had become the most successful economy among unitary authorities in the East of England. They also revealed that the city's economy had grown faster than the regional average and any other economy in the region.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> It has a strong economy in the environmental goods and services sector and has the largest cluster of environmental businesses in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In 1994, Peterborough designated itself one of four environment cities in the UK and began working to become the country's acknowledged environment capital.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Peterborough Environment City Trust (PECT), an independent charity, was set up at the same time to work towards this goal, delivering projects promoting healthier and sustainable living in the city.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Until 2017, PECT organised a yearly 'Green Festival' centered around Cathedral Square, Peterborough, which also benefited local artists and arts organisations through attracting Arts Council funding grants aided by arts facilitator organisation Metal.<a href="#cite_note-:0-50">[50]</a> During the summer of 2018 the last Green Festival was held at Nene Park, in 2019 Peterborough's community environmental projects attracted ministerial attention from the environment secretary <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> of 2020–21 Peterborough's culture and leisure umbrella charity, Vivacity ceased operating.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The council and <a href="/wiki/Regional_development_agency" title="Regional development agency">regional development agency</a> have taken advice on regeneration issues from a number of internationally recognised experts, including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Barber" title="Benjamin Barber">Benjamin Barber</a> (formerly an adviser to President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>), Jan Gustav Strandenaes (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> adviser on environmental issues) and Patama Roorakwit (a Thai "community architect").<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Employment">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_census" title="2001 United Kingdom census">2001 census</a>, the workplace population of 90,656 is divided into 60,118 people who live in Peterborough and 30,358 people who commute in. A further 13,161 residents commute out of the city to work.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Earnings in Peterborough are lower than average. <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">Median</a> earnings for full-time workers were £11.93 per hour in 2014, less than the regional median for the East of England of £13.62 and the median hourly rate of £13.15 for <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> As part of the government's <a href="/wiki/M11_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="M11 Corridor">M11 corridor</a>, Peterborough is committed to creating 17,500 jobs with the population growing to 200,000 by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Future employment will also be created through the plan for the city centre launched by the council in 2003. Predictions of the levels and types of employment created were published in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-plan-32">[32]</a> These include 1,421 jobs created in retail; 1,067 created in a variety of leisure and cultural developments; 338 in three hotels; and a further 4,847 jobs created in offices and other workspaces. Recent relocations of large employers include both <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a> (1,070 employees) and <a href="/wiki/Debenhams" title="Debenhams">Debenhams</a> (850 employees) distribution centres.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> A further 2,500 jobs were to be created in the £140 million Gateway warehouse and distribution park. This was expected to compensate for the 6,000 job losses as a result of the decline in manufacturing, anticipated in a report cited by the cabinet member for economic growth and regeneration in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> With traditionally low levels of unemployment, Peterborough is a popular destination for workers and has seen significant growth through migration since the postwar period. The leader of the council said in August 2006 that he believed that 80% of the 65,000 people who had arrived in <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> from the states that <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">joined the European Union in 2004</a> were living in Peterborough.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> To help cope with this influx, the council put forward plans to construct an average of 1,300 homes each year until 2021.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Peterborough Trades Council, formed in 1898, is affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">Trades Union Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_railway_station" title="Peterborough railway station">Peterborough railway station</a> is a principal stop on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a>, 45–50 minutes' journey time from central London, with high-speed intercity services from <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Edinburgh Waverley</a> operated by the <a href="/wiki/London_North_Eastern_Railway" title="London North Eastern Railway">London North Eastern Railway</a> at around a 20-minute frequency. It is the northern terminus of slower commuter services from <a href="/wiki/Horsham_railway_station" title="Horsham railway station">Horsham</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport_railway_station" title="Gatwick Airport railway station">Gatwick Airport</a> and central London, operated by <a href="/wiki/Govia_Thameslink_Railway" title="Govia Thameslink Railway">Govia Thameslink Railway</a>. It is a major railway junction where a number of cross-country routes converge: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Railway" title="East Midlands Railway">East Midlands Railway</a> operates through services between <a href="/wiki/Norwich_railway_station" title="Norwich railway station">Norwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham railway station">Nottingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool Lime Street</a> that call at Peterborough, as well as trains on the line to <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_railway_station" title="Lincoln railway station">Lincoln</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossCountry" title="CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a> provides connections west to <a href="/wiki/Leicester_railway_station" title="Leicester railway station">Leicester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham</a>, and east to <a href="/wiki/Ely_railway_station" title="Ely railway station">Ely</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_railway_station" title="Cambridge railway station">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stansted_Airport_railway_station" title="Stansted Airport railway station">Stansted Airport</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Anglia" title="Greater Anglia">Greater Anglia</a> also runs trains to and from <a href="/wiki/Ipswich_railway_station" title="Ipswich railway station">Ipswich</a> via <a href="/wiki/Soham_railway_station" title="Soham railway station">Soham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_1850_iron_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Peterborough_1850_iron_bridge.jpg/220px-Peterborough_1850_iron_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Peterborough_1850_iron_bridge.jpg/330px-Peterborough_1850_iron_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Peterborough_1850_iron_bridge.jpg/440px-Peterborough_1850_iron_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5776" data-file-height="4304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nene_Viaduct" title="Nene Viaduct">Historic cast iron railway bridge</a> over the River Nene (1847), built by Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Cubitt" title="William Cubitt">William</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cubitt" title="Joseph Cubitt">Joseph Cubitt</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Water">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a>, made navigable from the port at <a href="/wiki/Wisbech" title="Wisbech">Wisbech</a> to <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a> by 1761,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> passes through the city centre. The <a href="/wiki/Nene_Viaduct" title="Nene Viaduct">Nene Viaduct</a> carries the railway over the river. It was built in 1847 by Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Cubitt" title="William Cubitt">William</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cubitt" title="Joseph Cubitt">Joseph Cubitt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> William Cubitt was the chief engineer of Crystal Palace erected at Hyde Park in 1851. Apart from some minor repairs in 1910 and 1914 (the steel bands and cross braces around the fluted legs) the bridge remains as Cubitts built it. Now a Grade II* listed structure, it is the oldest surviving cast iron railway bridge in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> By the Town Bridge, the Customs House, built in the early eighteenth century, is a visible reminder of the city's past function as an inland port.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency" title="Environment Agency">Environment Agency</a> navigation starts at the junction with the Northampton arm of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Union_Canal" title="Grand Union Canal">Grand Union Canal</a> and extends for 91 miles (146 km) ending at Bevis Hall just upstream of Wisbech. The tidal limit used to be Woodston Wharf until the Dog-in-a-Doublet <a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (water transport)">lock</a> was built five miles (8.0 km) downstream in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Road">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_Peterborough" title="Road transport in Peterborough">Road transport in Peterborough</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1/A1(M) primary route</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/European_route_E15" title="European route E15">European route E15</a>) broadly follows the path of the historic <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Road_(Great_Britain)" title="Great North Road (Great Britain)">Great North Road</a> from <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> in the heart of London, passing Peterborough (Junction 17), and continuing north a further 335 miles (539 km) to central <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>. In 1899 the <a href="/wiki/British_Electric_Traction" title="British Electric Traction">British Electric Traction Company</a> sought permission for a tramway joining the northern suburbs with the city centre. The system, which operated under the name <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Tramways" title="Peterborough Tramways">Peterborough Electric Traction Company</a>, opened in 1903 and was abandoned in favour of motor buses in 1930, when it was merged into the <a href="/wiki/First_Norfolk_%26_Suffolk" class="mw-redirect" title="First Norfolk & Suffolk">Eastern Counties Omnibus Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Today, bus services in the city are operated by several companies including <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_East" title="Stagecoach East">Stagecoach</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Cambridgeshire" title="Stagecoach Cambridgeshire">Cambus and Viscount</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Delaine_Buses" title="Delaine Buses">Delaine Buses</a>. Despite its large-scale growth, Peterborough has the fastest peak and off-peak travel times for a city of its size in the UK, due to the construction of the parkways. The <a href="/wiki/Local_transport_plan" title="Local transport plan">Local Transport Plan</a> anticipated expenditure totalling around £180 million for the period up to 2010 on major road schemes to accommodate development.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The combination of rail connections to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Felixstowe" title="Port of Felixstowe">Port of Felixstowe</a> and to the East Coast Main Line as well as a road connection via the A1(M) has led to Peterborough being proposed as the site of a 334 acres (1.35 km2) rail-road logistics and distribution centre to be known as Magna Park.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_Wheel_and_City_Cycling">Green Wheel and City Cycling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Green Wheel and City Cycling">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Wheel_cycle_route_sign,_Glinton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3533144.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Green_Wheel_cycle_route_sign%2C_Glinton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3533144.jpg/220px-Green_Wheel_cycle_route_sign%2C_Glinton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3533144.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Green_Wheel_cycle_route_sign%2C_Glinton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3533144.jpg/330px-Green_Wheel_cycle_route_sign%2C_Glinton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3533144.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Green_Wheel_cycle_route_sign%2C_Glinton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3533144.jpg/440px-Green_Wheel_cycle_route_sign%2C_Glinton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3533144.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Green Wheel signpost</figcaption></figure> The Peterborough Millennium <a href="/wiki/Green_Wheel" title="Green Wheel">Green Wheel</a> is a 50-mile (80 km) network of cycleways, footpaths and bridleways which provide safe, continuous routes around the city with radiating spokes connecting to the city centre. The project has also created a sculpture trail, which provides functional, landscape artworks along the Green Wheel route and a Living Landmarks project involving the local community in the creation of local landscape features such as mini woodlands, ponds and hedgerows.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Another long-distance footpath, the <a href="/wiki/Hereward_Way" title="Hereward Way">Hereward Way</a>, runs from <a href="/wiki/Oakham" title="Oakham">Oakham</a> in Rutland, through Peterborough, to <a href="/wiki/East_Harling" title="East Harling">East Harling</a> in Norfolk.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> While cycling within the city received a boost during the COVID-19 pandemic with the introduction of new cycle lanes in busy streets, plans to connect the villages to the west of Peterborough with a new cycle track have been refused permission and some cycle lane decisions have been reversed in the city centre during easing of the corona virus lockdowns.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Population">edit</a>]</div> The City of Peterborough local authority area has a population of 217,705 (2022).<a href="#cite_note-popstats-75">[75]</a> It is forecast to reach 230,000 in 2031 and 240,000 by around 2041.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Customs_House,_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_166965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Old_Customs_House%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_166965.jpg/220px-Old_Customs_House%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_166965.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Old_Customs_House%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_166965.jpg/330px-Old_Customs_House%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_166965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Old_Customs_House%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_166965.jpg/440px-Old_Customs_House%2C_Peterborough_-_geograph.org.uk_-_166965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Customs House (1790) on the north bank of the river, from the Town Bridge</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>City</th> <th>Soke</th> <th>Redistricted </th></tr> <tr> <td>1901</td> <td>30,872</td> <td>41,122</td> <td>46,986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911</td> <td>33,574</td> <td>44,718</td> <td>53,114 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921</td> <td>35,532</td> <td>46,959</td> <td>58,186 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>43,551<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></td> <td>51,839</td> <td>63,745 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></td> <td>49,248</td> <td>58,303</td> <td>69,855 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td>53,417</td> <td>63,791</td> <td>76,555 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td>62,340</td> <td>74,758</td> <td>89,794 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td>69,556</td> <td>85,820<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></td> <td>105,323 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td colspan="3">131,696<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td colspan="3">155,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td colspan="3">156,060 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td colspan="3">183,600 (+ 16.6%)<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td colspan="3">215,700 (+17.5%)<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Peterborough's population growth was reportedly the second fastest of any British city over the ten years from 2004 to 2013, driven partly by immigration.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">2011 census</a>, 82.5% of Peterborough's residents categorised themselves as <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a>, 2.8% of <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">mixed ethnic groups</a>, 11.7% <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a>, 2.3% <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">black</a> and 0.8% other. Amongst the white population, the largest categories were indigenous groups, those being English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British (70.9%), and <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">other white</a> (10.6%). Those of <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani ethnicity</a> accounted for 6.6% of the population and those of <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">Indian ethnicity</a> 2.5.%. The largest black group were those of African ethnicity (1.4%).<a href="#cite_note-2011ethnicity-84">[84]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pbguildhall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pbguildhall.jpg/220px-Pbguildhall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Pbguildhall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Guildhall" title="Peterborough Guildhall">The Guildhall</a> or <a href="/wiki/Market_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Market Cross">Butter Cross</a> (1669–1671), Cathedral Square, Peterborough</figcaption></figure> Peterborough is home to one of the largest concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian immigrants</a> in the UK. This is mainly as a result of <a href="/wiki/Workforce" title="Workforce">labour</a> recruitment in the 1950s by the London Brick Company in the southern Italian regions of <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>. By 1960, approximately 3,000 Italian men were employed by London Brick, mostly at the <a href="/wiki/Fletton" title="Fletton">Fletton</a> works.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In 1962, the <a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_St._Charles_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo">Scalabrini Fathers</a>, who first arrived in 1956, purchased an old school and converted it into a mission church named after the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of workers <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> (San Giuseppe). By 1991, over 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">christenings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Briton" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Briton">second-generation Italians</a> had been carried out there.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In 1996, it was estimated that the Italian community of Peterborough numbered 7,000, making it the third largest in the UK after London and <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The 2011 Census recorded 1,179 residents born in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In the late twentieth century the main source of immigration was from new <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The 2011 Census showed that a total of 24,166 migrants moved to Peterborough between 2001 and 2011. The city has experienced significant immigration from the <a href="/wiki/A8_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="A8 countries">A8 countries</a> that joined the European Union in 2004, and in 2011, 14,134 residents of the city were people born in Central and Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> According to a report published by the police in 2007, recent migration had resulted in increased translation costs and a change in the nature of crime in the county, with an increase in <a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">drink driving</a> offences, knife crime and an international dimension added to activities such as running <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> factories and <a href="/wiki/Trafficking_in_human_beings" class="mw-redirect" title="Trafficking in human beings">human trafficking</a>. The number of foreign nationals arrested in the north of the county rose from 894 in 2003, to 2,435 in 2006, but the report also said that "inappropriately negative" community perceptions about migrant workers often complicate routine incidents, raising tensions and turning them "critical". It also noted there was "little evidence that the increased numbers of migrant workers have caused significant or systematic problems in respect of community safety or cohesion".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Spence" title="Julie Spence">Julie Spence</a>, the then <a href="/wiki/Chief_Constable" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Constable">Chief Constable</a> emphasised that the fact that the demographic profile of Cambridgeshire had changed dramatically from one where 95% of teenagers were white four years previously to one of the country's fastest growing diverse populations, and said it had a positive impact on development and jobs.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> broadcast The Poles are Coming!, a controversial documentary on the impact of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> migration to Peterborough by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Samuels" title="Tim Samuels">Tim Samuels</a>, as part of its White Season.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The number of languages in use is growing where previously few languages other than English were spoken. As of 2006<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit">[update]</a>, Peterborough offered classes in Italian, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> in its primary schools.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_precinct.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Peterborough_precinct.JPG/220px-Peterborough_precinct.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Peterborough_precinct.JPG/330px-Peterborough_precinct.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Peterborough_precinct.JPG/440px-Peterborough_precinct.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Norman gateway below the chapel of St. Nicholas (1177–1194), Minster Precincts</figcaption></figure> Christianity has the largest following in Peterborough, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, with a significant number of parish churches and a cathedral. 56.7% of Peterborough's residents classified themselves as Christian in the 2011 Census.<a href="#cite_note-CensusRel-95">[95]</a> Recent immigration to the city has also seen the Roman Catholic population increase substantially.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Other <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a> are also in evidence; the latest church to be constructed is a £7 million "superchurch," <a href="/wiki/Kingsgate_Community_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsgate Community Church">KingsGate</a>, formerly Peterborough Community Church, which can seat up to 1,800 worshippers.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In comparison with the rest of England, Peterborough has a lower proportion of Christians, <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>. The city has a higher percentage of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> than England as a whole (9.4% compared to 5% nationally).<a href="#cite_note-CensusRel-95">[95]</a> The majority of Muslims reside in the <a href="/wiki/Millfield,_Peterborough" title="Millfield, Peterborough">Millfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Town,_Peterborough" title="West Town, Peterborough">West Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England,_Peterborough" title="New England, Peterborough">New England</a> areas of the city, where two large mosques (including the Faidhan-e-Madina Mosque and Husaini Islamic Center-Peterborough) are based.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Peterborough also has both Hindu (Bharat Hindu Samaj)<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> and Sikh (Singh Sabha Gurdwara) temples in these areas.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Peterborough" title="Anglican Diocese of Peterborough">Anglican Diocese of Peterborough</a> covers roughly 1,200 square miles (3,100 km2), including the whole of Northamptonshire, Rutland and the Soke of Peterborough. The parts of the city that lie south of the river, which were historically in <a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a>, fall within the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ely" title="Diocese of Ely">Diocese of Ely</a>, which covers the remainder of Cambridgeshire and western Norfolk. The current <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Peterborough" title="Bishop of Peterborough">Bishop of Peterborough</a> has been appointed <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Bishop">Assistant Bishop</a> in the Diocese of Ely, with pastoral care for these <a href="/wiki/Parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes">parishes</a> delegated to her by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ely" title="Bishop of Ely">Bishop of Ely</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The city falls wholly within the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_East_Anglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of East Anglia">Diocese of East Anglia</a> (which has its seat at the <a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral,_Norwich" title="St John the Baptist Cathedral, Norwich">Cathedral Church</a> of Saint <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, Norwich) and is served by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_All_Souls_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter and All Souls Church">Saint Peter and All Souls Church</a>, built in 1896 and decorated in the Gothic style.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox">Greek Orthodox</a> Community of <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Saint Cyril</a>, Patriarch of Jerusalem was established in 1991 under the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Thyateira_and_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain">Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Peterborough" title="List of schools in Peterborough">List of schools in Peterborough</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglia_Ruskin_University_Peterborough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Anglia_Ruskin_University_Peterborough.jpg/220px-Anglia_Ruskin_University_Peterborough.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Anglia_Ruskin_University_Peterborough.jpg/330px-Anglia_Ruskin_University_Peterborough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Anglia_Ruskin_University_Peterborough.jpg/440px-Anglia_Ruskin_University_Peterborough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="1220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin University</a> Peterborough.</figcaption></figure> Peterborough has one independent boarding school: <a href="/wiki/The_Peterborough_School" title="The Peterborough School">The Peterborough School</a> at Westwood House, founded in 1895. The school caters for girls and now boys up to the age of 18. Peterborough's state schools have recently undergone significant change. Five of the city's fifteen secondary schools were closed in July 2007, to be demolished over the coming years. <a href="/wiki/John_Mansfield_School" title="John Mansfield School">John Mansfield</a> (now an adult learning centre), Hereward (formerly Eastholm, now City of Peterborough Academy, sponsored by the Greenwood Dale Foundation Trust) and <a href="/wiki/Deacon%27s_School" title="Deacon's School">Deacon's</a> were replaced with the flagship <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Deacon_Academy" title="Thomas Deacon Academy">Thomas Deacon Academy</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank" title="Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank">Lord Foster of Thames Bank</a> which opened in September 2007.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Katharine_Academy" title="Queen Katharine Academy">Queen Katharine Academy</a> (previously The Voyager School), which has specialist media arts status, replaced Bretton Woods and Walton Community School. It is part of the Thomas Deacon Education Trust. The schools that remain have been extended and enlarged. Over £200 million was spent and the changes on-going to 2010.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_School,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="The King's School, Peterborough">The King's School</a> is one of seven schools established, or in some cases re-endowed and renamed, by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a> to pray for his soul.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In 2006, 39.4% of Peterborough <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">local education authority</a> pupils attained five grades A* to C, including English and Mathematics, in the <a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">General Certificate of Secondary Education</a>, lower than the national average of 45.8%.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The city has two colleges of <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further</a> and <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_College" title="Peterborough College">Peterborough College</a> (established in 1946 as Peterborough Technical College) and <a href="/wiki/City_College_Peterborough" title="City College Peterborough">City College Peterborough</a> (known as Peterborough College of Adult Education until 2010). By 2004, Peterborough College attracted over 15,000 students each year from the UK and abroad and was ranked in the top five per cent of colleges in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Greater Peterborough <a href="/wiki/University_Technical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="University Technical College">University Technical College</a> is a new education facility set to open in September 2015.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The city is currently without a university, after <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a> closed its Peterborough campus in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Consequently, it became the second largest centre of population in the UK (after <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a>) without its own higher education institution. In 2006, however, Peterborough Regional College began talks with <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin University</a> to develop a new university campus for the city.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The college and the university completed the legal contracts for the creation of a new joint venture company in 2007, marking the culmination of legal negotiations and securing of funds required in order to build the new higher education centre.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_Centre_Peterborough" title="University Centre Peterborough">University Centre Peterborough</a> opened to the first 850 students in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The former public library on Broadway was funded by Scottish philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> and opened in 1906;<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Carnegie was made first freeman of the city on the day of the opening ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAH_frieze,_Peterborough_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RAH_frieze%2C_Peterborough_Cathedral.jpg/250px-RAH_frieze%2C_Peterborough_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RAH_frieze%2C_Peterborough_Cathedral.jpg/375px-RAH_frieze%2C_Peterborough_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RAH_frieze%2C_Peterborough_Cathedral.jpg/500px-RAH_frieze%2C_Peterborough_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A section of the Triumph of Arts and Sciences at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> (1867–1871), depicting Peterborough Cathedral</figcaption></figure> Peterborough enjoys a wide range of events including the annual <a href="/wiki/East_of_England_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="East of England Show">East of England Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Festival" title="Peterborough Festival">Peterborough Festival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Real_Ale" title="Campaign for Real Ale">CAMRA</a> beer festival, which takes place on the river embankment in late August.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The yearly festivals have attracted arts funding and enabled further community projects within the city.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-50">[50]</a> Nationally published cartoonist John Elson,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> from Peterborough, has provided imagery for many of the events.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The city acts as the central hub for the region's visual arts community, with the Peterborough Artists Open Studio organisation (PAOS), celebrating its 21st anniversary year as of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> A number of statues by the British sculptor <a href="/wiki/Antony_Gormley" title="Antony Gormley">Antony Gormley</a> were re-installed in the city in 2018. Removed for repair works from their original setting on concrete pillars next to the rowing lake in Nene Park, they can now be seen on top of buildings surrounding Cathedral Square in the town centre.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The Key Theatre, built in 1973, is situated on the embankment, next to the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a>. The theatre aims to provide entertainment, enlightenment and education by reflecting the rich culture Peterborough has to offer. The programme is made up of home-grown productions, national touring shows, local community productions and one-off concerts. There is disabled access, an infrared hearing system for the deaf and hard of hearing and there are also regular signed performances.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In 1937, the <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Cinemas" title="Odeon Cinemas">Odeon Cinema</a> opened on Broadway, where it operated successfully for more than half a century. In 1991, the Odeon showed its last film to the public and was left to fall into a state of disrepair, until 1997, when a local entrepreneur purchased the building as part of a larger project, including a restaurant and art gallery. The Broadway, designed by Tim Foster Architects, was one of the largest theatres in the region and offered a selection of live entertainment, including music, comedy and films.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In 2009, it was severely damaged by arsonists, resulting in closure when its insurers refused to pay the claim due to faulty fire detection systems.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre,_Peterborough" title="Embassy Theatre, Peterborough">Embassy Theatre</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> building designed by <a href="/wiki/David_Evelyn_Nye" title="David Evelyn Nye">David Evelyn Nye</a>, also opened on Broadway in 1937. Nye was usually a cinema architect, and this was his only theatre. The Embassy was converted into a cinema in 1953, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated British Cinemas">ABC</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Cannon_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannon Films">Cannon Cinema</a>, before it was closed in 1989. Since 1996, the premises have been occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Mitchells_%26_Butlers" title="Mitchells & Butlers">Edwards bar chain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-embassy-128">[128]</a> The John Clare Theatre within the new central library,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> again on Broadway, is home to the Peterborough Film Society. One of the region's leading venues, the Cresset in <a href="/wiki/Bretton,_Peterborough" title="Bretton, Peterborough">Bretton</a>, provides a wide range of events for the residents of the city and beyond, including theatre, comedy, music and dance. Peterborough has a 13-screen <a href="/wiki/Showcase_Cinemas" title="Showcase Cinemas">Showcase Cinema</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">ice rink</a> and two indoor swimming pools open to the general public.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A diverse range of restaurants can be found throughout the city, including <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> restaurants. Peterborough has recently[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] been used as the setting in popular literature: <a href="/wiki/A_Short_History_of_Tractors_in_Ukrainian" title="A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian">A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marina_Lewycka" title="Marina Lewycka">Marina Lewycka</a>,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/A_Spot_of_Bother" title="A Spot of Bother">A Spot of Bother</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Haddon" title="Mark Haddon">Mark Haddon</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and, the first in a projected series, Long Way Home, a debut novel by Eva Doran.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_United%27s_South_Family_Stand_beginning_to_fill_up_-_geograph.org.uk_-_154824.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Peterborough_United%27s_South_Family_Stand_beginning_to_fill_up_-_geograph.org.uk_-_154824.jpg/220px-Peterborough_United%27s_South_Family_Stand_beginning_to_fill_up_-_geograph.org.uk_-_154824.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Peterborough_United%27s_South_Family_Stand_beginning_to_fill_up_-_geograph.org.uk_-_154824.jpg/330px-Peterborough_United%27s_South_Family_Stand_beginning_to_fill_up_-_geograph.org.uk_-_154824.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Peterborough_United%27s_South_Family_Stand_beginning_to_fill_up_-_geograph.org.uk_-_154824.jpg/440px-Peterborough_United%27s_South_Family_Stand_beginning_to_fill_up_-_geograph.org.uk_-_154824.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/London_Road_Stadium" title="London Road Stadium">London Road Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_United_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough United Football Club">Peterborough United Football Club</a>, known as "The Posh", has been the local football team since 1934. They play their home matches at <a href="/wiki/London_Road_stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="London Road stadium">London Road</a> on the south bank of the River Nene. Peterborough United have a history of cup giant-killings.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> They set the record for the highest number of league goals (134, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Bly" title="Terry Bly">Terry Bly</a> alone scoring 52) in the <a href="/wiki/1960%E2%80%9361_in_English_football" title="1960–61 in English football">1960–61 season</a>, when they won the <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Fourth_Division" title="Football League Fourth Division">Fourth Division</a> title in their first season in the <a href="/wiki/English_Football_League" title="English Football League">Football League</a>. The club's highest finish position to date was 10th place in <a href="/wiki/Football_League_First_Division" title="Football League First Division">Division One</a>, then the second tier of English football, in the <a href="/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393_in_English_football" title="1992–93 in English football">1992–93 season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Irish property developer <a href="/wiki/Darragh_MacAnthony" title="Darragh MacAnthony">Darragh MacAnthony</a> was appointed chairman in 2006 and is now owner, having undertaken a lengthy purchase from <a href="/wiki/Barry_Fry" title="Barry Fry">Barry Fry</a> who remains director of football, having also been manager of the club from 1996 to 2005. Peterborough also has a non-league club, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Sports_F.C." title="Peterborough Sports F.C.">Peterborough Sports</a>, who play in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_North" title="National League North">National League North</a>. As well as <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, Peterborough has teams competing in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a>, athletics, <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>. Although <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club">Cambridgeshire</a> is not a first-class cricket county, <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Northamptonshire County Cricket Club">Northamptonshire</a> staged some home matches in the city between 1906 and 1974. <a href="/wiki/Town_Ground,_Peterborough" title="Town Ground, Peterborough">Peterborough Town Cricket Club</a> and the City of Peterborough Hockey Club compete at their shared ground in Westwood.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> After reforming in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> rugby union club <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Lions_RFC" title="Peterborough Lions RFC">Peterborough Lions RFC</a> now compete in <a href="/wiki/National_League_3_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National League 3 Midlands">National League 3 Midlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Meanwhile, the city's oldest rugby team, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_RUFC" title="Peterborough RUFC">Peterborough RUFC</a>, play at Second Drove (otherwise known as "Fortress Fengate"),<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> and have struggled in recent seasons. Relegation in 2013–14 season, from <a href="/wiki/Midlands_1_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlands 1 East">Midlands 1 East</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> has been followed by a season in the lower-mid table of the <a href="/wiki/Midlands_2_East_(South)" title="Midlands 2 East (South)">Midlands 2 East (South)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Peterborough City Rowing Club moved from its riverside setting to the current Thorpe Meadows location in 1983. The spring and summer regattas held there attract rowers and scullers from competing clubs all over the country. Every February the adjacent River Nene is host to the head of the river race, which again attracts hundreds of entries.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Peterborough Athletic Club train and compete at the embankment athletics arena. In 2006, after 10 years, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Run" title="Great Eastern Run">Great Eastern Run</a> returned to the racing calendar. Around 3,000 runners raced through the flat streets of Peterborough for the half-marathon, supported by thousands of spectators along the course.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Phantoms" title="Peterborough Phantoms">Peterborough Phantoms</a> are the city's ice hockey team, playing in the <a href="/wiki/National_Ice_Hockey_League" title="National Ice Hockey League">NIHL</a> at Planet Ice Peterborough, located on Mallard Way in Bretton. <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">Motorcycle speedway</a> is also a popular sport in Peterborough, with race meetings held at the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England_Showground" title="East of England Showground">East of England Showground</a>. The team, known as the <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Panthers" title="Peterborough Panthers">Peterborough Panthers</a>, have operated regularly in the <a href="/wiki/Elite_League_(speedway)" title="Elite League (speedway)">Elite League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The Showground hosts the annual British Motorcycle Federation Rally each May. In 2009, Peterborough hosted one of the first rounds of the <a href="/wiki/Tour_Series" title="Tour Series">Tour Series</a>, a new series of televised town and city centre cycling races. As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city has hosted a round of the Tour Series each year since, with the exception of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In March 2017 the first <a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">bandy</a> session in England for over a century was held in Peterborough, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink bandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2018 Peterborough Bandy Club was founded.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2022_Women%27s_Bandy_World_Championship" title="2022 Women's Bandy World Championship">2022 Women's Bandy World Championship</a> Great Britain made its debut in the tournament, represented by a Peterborough team.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> There is a major radio <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Transmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough Transmitter">transmitter</a> at <a href="/wiki/Morborne" title="Morborne">Morborne</a>, approximately eight miles (13 km) west of Peterborough, for national <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM radio</a> (<a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radios</a> 1–4 and <a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a>) and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cambridgeshire" title="BBC Radio Cambridgeshire">BBC Radio Cambridgeshire</a> which is the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC Local Radio</a> station that covers the city. This facility includes a 154-metre (505-foot) high guyed radio mast which collapsed in 2004 after a fire and has since been re-built.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Another transmission site at <a href="/wiki/Gunthorpe,_Peterborough" title="Gunthorpe, Peterborough">Gunthorpe</a> in the north east of the city transmits <a href="/wiki/AM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="AM radio">AM</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mediumwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediumwave">MW</a> and local FM radio. The site is only 3 metres (9.8 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> and has an 83-metre (272-foot) high active insulated guyed mast situated on it. The national commercial multiplex, <a href="/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a>, is also available in the city.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Peterborough is covered by six local radio stations and one regional station, though only two community stations broadcast from the city. These are Salaam FM, catering for the local Muslim population, which started broadcasting on 106.2 MHz in 2016<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> and Peterborough Community Radio (PCR FM), a station formed as a result of a merger between former internet stations Peterborough FM and Radio Peterborough, which started broadcasting on 103.2 MHz in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Heart_Cambridgeshire" title="Heart Cambridgeshire">Heart Cambridgeshire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Heart_East" title="Heart East">Heart East</a>), the original <a href="/wiki/Independent_local_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent local radio">independent local radio</a> station launched as Hereward Radio in 1980 and becoming <a href="/wiki/Heart_Peterborough" title="Heart Peterborough">Heart Peterborough</a> in 2009,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> still holds a large section of the market on 102.7 MHz but relocated to Cambridge in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> where it began sharing the localised programming (of mainly national output) with <a href="/wiki/Heart_Cambridge" title="Heart Cambridge">Heart Cambridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Hereward's sister station, <a href="/wiki/The_Worlds_Greatest_Music_Station" title="The Worlds Greatest Music Station">WGMS</a>, was launched on the old 1332 kHz (225 meters) frequency in 1992; known as <a href="/wiki/Classic_Gold_1332" title="Classic Gold 1332">Classic Gold</a> from 1994 to 2007, it is now part of <a href="/wiki/The_Heart_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="The Heart Network">Heart's</a> sister <a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold Radio</a> network, but has no programming made in Peterborough. <a href="/wiki/Connect_Radio_106.8" title="Connect Radio 106.8">Connect Radio</a> (from 1999 to 2010, known as Lite FM), was the city's second commercial station on 106.8;MHz, but was sold and rebranded as <a href="/wiki/Smooth_East_Midlands" title="Smooth East Midlands">Smooth East Midlands</a> on 1 October 2019. Local TV coverage is provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Look_East" title="BBC Look East">BBC Look East</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Anglia" title="ITV News Anglia">ITV News Anglia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Evening_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough Evening Telegraph">Peterborough Telegraph</a> (established 1948) is the city's newspaper. The Telegraph is owned by <a href="/wiki/National_World" title="National World">National World Publishing Ltd</a>. Its website, Peterborough Today, is updated six days a week. The PT's sister paper, the Peterborough Citizen (1898), was a weekly paper delivered free to many homes in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Herald_and_Post" title="Peterborough Herald and Post">Peterborough Herald and Post</a> (1989, a replacement for the Peterborough Standard, established 1872) ceased publication in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The publisher <a href="/wiki/Emap" class="mw-redirect" title="Emap">Emap</a>, which specialises in the production of magazines and the organisation of business events and conferences, traces its origins back to Peterborough in 1854.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The 33rd Mayor of Peterborough, Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Winfrey" title="Richard Winfrey">Richard Winfrey</a> <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">JP</a>, founder of what would become the East Midland Allied Press, was perhaps the last person to read the <a href="/wiki/Riot_Act" title="Riot Act">Riot Act</a> in 1914.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Peterborough has been used as a location for various television programmes and films. The 1982 BBC production of <a href="/wiki/The_Barchester_Chronicles" title="The Barchester Chronicles">The Barchester Chronicles</a> was filmed largely in and around Peterborough. In 1983 opening scenes for the 13th <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film, <a href="/wiki/Octopussy" title="Octopussy">Octopussy</a>, starring Sir <a href="/wiki/Roger_Moore" title="Roger Moore">Roger Moore</a>, were filmed at Orton Mere. A music video for the song "<a href="/wiki/Breakthru_(song)" title="Breakthru (song)">BreakThru</a>" by the band <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> was also shot on the preserved <a href="/wiki/Nene_Valley_Railway" title="Nene Valley Railway">Nene Valley Railway</a> in 1989. In 1995 <a href="/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan" title="Pierce Brosnan">Pierce Brosnan</a> filmed train crash sequences for the 17th Bond film, <a href="/wiki/GoldenEye" title="GoldenEye">GoldenEye</a>, at the former sugar beet factory. A scene for the film <a href="/wiki/The_Da_Vinci_Code_(film)" title="The Da Vinci Code (film)">The Da Vinci Code</a> was filmed at Burghley House during five weeks' secret filming in 2006; and actor, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a>, found himself camping in Ferry Meadows during the filming of <a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Dozen:_Next_Mission" title="The Dirty Dozen: Next Mission">The Dirty Dozen: Next Mission</a> in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> In October 2008 Hollywood returned to Wansford for the filming of the musical <a href="/wiki/Nine_(2009_live-action_film)" title="Nine (2009 live-action film)">Nine</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz" title="Penélope Cruz">Penélope Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Landmarks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Longthorpe_Tower1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Longthorpe_Tower1.jpg/170px-Longthorpe_Tower1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Longthorpe_Tower1.jpg/255px-Longthorpe_Tower1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Longthorpe_Tower1.jpg/340px-Longthorpe_Tower1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Longthorpe_Tower" title="Longthorpe Tower">Longthorpe Tower</a> (1310), a Grade I listed building</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Cathedral</a>, formally the Cathedral Church of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Saint Andrew</a>, whose statues look down from the three high gables of the West Front, was founded as a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> in AD 655 and re-built in its present form between 1118 and 1238. It has been the seat of the Bishop of Peterborough since the <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a> was created in 1541, when the last abbot was made the first bishop and the abbot's house was converted into the episcopal palace.<a href="#cite_note-lewis-9">[9]</a> Peterborough Cathedral is one of the most intact large <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Norman</a> buildings in England and is renowned for its imposing early <a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English Gothic</a> West Front which, with its three enormous arches, is without <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_architecture_of_Western_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral architecture of Western Europe">architectural precedent</a> and with no direct successor. The cathedral has the distinction of having had two queens buried beneath its paving: <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>. The remains of Queen Mary were removed to <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> by her son <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> when he became King of England.<a href="#cite_note-Sweeting-15">[15]</a> The general layout of Peterborough is attributed to Martin de Vecti who, as abbot from 1133 to 1155, rebuilt the settlement on dry limestone to the west of the monastery, rather than the often-flooded marshlands to the east. Abbot Martin was responsible for laying out the market place and the wharf beside the river. Peterborough's 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Guildhall" title="Peterborough Guildhall">Guildhall</a> was built in 1671 by John Lovin, who also restored the bishop's palace shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">restoration</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>. It stands on columns, providing an open ground floor for the butter and poultry markets which used to be held there. The Market Place was renamed Cathedral Square and the adjacent Gates Memorial Fountain moved to Bishop's Road Gardens in 1963, when the (then weekly) market was transferred to the site of the old cattle market.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peterscourt" title="Peterscourt">Peterscourt</a> on City Road was designed by Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a> in 1864, housing St. Peter's Teacher Training College for men until 1938. The building is mainly listed for the 18th century doorway, brought from the <a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">London Guildhall</a> following war damage.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Nearby <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Castle" title="Peterborough Castle">Tout Hill</a>, the site of a castle bailey, is a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">scheduled monument</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Touthill-10">[10]</a> The city has a large <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> park containing formal gardens, children's play areas, an aviary, bowling green, tennis courts, pitch and putt course and tea rooms. <a href="/wiki/Central_Park,_Peterborough" title="Central Park, Peterborough">The Park</a> has been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Green_Flag_Award" title="Green Flag Award">Green Flag Award</a>, the national standard for parks and green spaces, by the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Voice" title="Civic Voice">Civic Trust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Sacrifice" title="Cross of Sacrifice">Cross of Sacrifice</a> was erected in Broadway cemetery by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Imperial War Graves Commission</a> in the early 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Lido" title="Peterborough Lido">The Lido</a>, a striking building with elements of <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">art deco</a> design, was opened in 1936 and is one of the few survivors of its type still in use.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery">Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery</a>, built in 1816, housed the city's first infirmary from 1857 to 1928. The museum has a collection of some 227,000 objects, including local archaeology and social history, from the products of the Roman pottery industry to Britain's oldest known murder victim; a collection of marine fossil remains from the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> period of international importance; the manuscripts of <a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">John Clare</a>, the "Northamptonshire Peasant Poet" as he was commonly known in his own time;<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> and the Norman Cross collection of items made by French prisoners of war. These prisoners were kept at <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cross_Prison" title="Norman Cross Prison">Norman Cross</a> on the outskirts of Peterborough from 1797 to 1814, in what is believed to be the world's first purpose-built prisoner of war camp. The art collection contains an impressive variety of paintings, prints and drawings dating from the 1600s to the present day. Peterborough Museum also holds regular temporary exhibitions, weekend events and guided tours. <a href="/wiki/Burghley_House" title="Burghley House">Burghley House</a> to the north of Peterborough, near Stamford, was built and mostly designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">Sir William Cecil</a>, later 1st Baron Burghley, who was <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a> to Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The <a href="/wiki/English_country_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="English country houses">country house</a>, with a park laid out by <a href="/wiki/Lancelot_%27Capability%27_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancelot 'Capability' Brown">Lancelot 'Capability' Brown</a> in the 18th century, is one of the principal examples of 16th-century English architecture.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> The estate, still home to his descendants, hosts the <a href="/wiki/Burghley_Horse_Trials" title="Burghley Horse Trials">Burghley Horse Trials</a>, an annual three-day <a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">event</a>. Another Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Hall" title="Milton Hall">Milton Hall</a> near Castor, ancestral home of the Barons and later <a href="/wiki/Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Earl Fitzwilliam">Earls Fitzwilliam</a>, also dates from the same period. For two centuries following the restoration the city was a <a href="/wiki/Pocket_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket borough">pocket borough</a> of this family.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> The <a href="/wiki/John_Clare_Cottage" title="John Clare Cottage">John Clare Cottage</a> in the village of Helpston was purchased by the John Clare Trust in 2005. The cottage, home of John Clare from his birth in 1793 until 1832, has been restored using traditional building methods to create a resource where visitors can learn about the poet, his works and how rural people lived in the early 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> The John Clare Cottage and Thorney Heritage Museum form part of the Greater Fens Museum Partnership, along with Peterborough Museum and Flag Fen. <a href="/wiki/Longthorpe_Tower" title="Longthorpe Tower">Longthorpe Tower</a>, a 14th-century three-storey tower and fortified manor house in the care of <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, is situated about 2 mi (3.2 km) west of the city centre. It is a scheduled monument, and contains the finest and most complete set of domestic paintings of their period in northern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Nearby <a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Hall_(Peterborough)" title="Thorpe Hall (Peterborough)">Thorpe Hall</a> is one of the few mansions built in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a> period. A maternity hospital from 1943 to 1970, it was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Sue_Ryder_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sue Ryder Foundation">Sue Ryder Foundation</a> in 1986 and is currently in use as a hospice.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_Fen" title="Flag Fen">Flag Fen</a>, the Bronze Age archaeological site, was discovered in 1982, when a team led by Dr <a href="/wiki/Francis_Pryor" title="Francis Pryor">Francis Pryor</a> carried out a <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_field_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological field survey">survey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dike_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dike (construction)">dykes</a> in the area. Probably religious, it comprises a large number of poles arranged in five long rows, connecting <a href="/wiki/Whittlesey" title="Whittlesey">Whittlesey</a> with Peterborough across the wet fenland. The museum exhibits many of the artefacts found, including what is believed to be the oldest wheel in Britain. An exposed section of the Roman road known as the <a href="/wiki/Fen_Causeway" title="Fen Causeway">Fen Causeway</a> also crosses the site.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nene_Valley_Railway" title="Nene Valley Railway">Nene Valley Railway</a>, which is now a 7.5-mile (12.1 km) <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railway</a>, was one of the last passenger lines to fall under the <a href="/wiki/Beeching_Axe" class="mw-redirect" title="Beeching Axe">Beeching Axe</a> in 1966, although it remained open for freight traffic until 1972. In 1974, the former <a href="/wiki/Development_corporation" title="Development corporation">development corporation</a> bought the line, which runs from the city centre to <a href="/wiki/Yarwell_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarwell Junction">Yarwell Junction</a> just west of <a href="/wiki/Wansford,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wansford, Cambridgeshire">Wansford</a> via <a href="/wiki/Orton_Mere" class="mw-redirect" title="Orton Mere">Orton Mere</a> and the 500 acres (200 hectares) <a href="/wiki/Ferry_Meadows" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferry Meadows">Ferry Meadows</a> country park, and leased it to the Peterborough Railway Society.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Railworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Railworld">Railworld</a> is a railway museum located beside <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Nene_Valley_railway_station" title="Peterborough Nene Valley railway station">Peterborough Nene Valley railway station</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nene_Park,_Peterborough" title="Nene Park, Peterborough">Nene Park</a>, which opened in 1978, covers a site 3.5 mi (5.6 km) long, from slightly west of Castor to the centre of Peterborough. The park has three lakes, one of which houses a watersports centre. Ferry Meadows, one of the major destinations and attractions signposted on the <a href="/wiki/Green_Wheel" title="Green Wheel">Green Wheel</a>, occupies a large portion of Nene Park. Orton Mere provides access to the east of the park.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Southey Wood, once included in the Royal <a href="/wiki/Rockingham_Forest" title="Rockingham Forest">Forest of Rockingham</a>, is a mixed woodland maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a> between the villages of Upton and Ufford.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Nearby, <a href="/wiki/Castor_Hanglands_NNR" class="mw-redirect" title="Castor Hanglands NNR">Castor Hanglands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnack_Hills_%26_Holes_NNR" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnack Hills & Holes NNR">Barnack Hills and Holes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bedford_Purlieus_NNR" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford Purlieus NNR">Bedford Purlieus</a> <a href="/wiki/National_nature_reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="National nature reserve (United Kingdom)">national nature reserves</a> are each <a href="/wiki/Site_of_special_scientific_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Site of special scientific interest">sites of special scientific interest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In 2002, the Hills and Holes, one of <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a>'s 35 spotlight reserves, was designated a <a href="/wiki/Special_area_of_conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Special area of conservation">special area of conservation</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a> network of sites throughout the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Peterborough" title="List of people from Peterborough">List of people from Peterborough</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley_from_NPG_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Cecil%2C_1st_Baron_Burghley_from_NPG_%282%29.jpg/170px-William_Cecil%2C_1st_Baron_Burghley_from_NPG_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Cecil%2C_1st_Baron_Burghley_from_NPG_%282%29.jpg/255px-William_Cecil%2C_1st_Baron_Burghley_from_NPG_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Cecil%2C_1st_Baron_Burghley_from_NPG_%282%29.jpg/340px-William_Cecil%2C_1st_Baron_Burghley_from_NPG_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3022" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">William Cecil</a>, 1st Baron Burghley (1520–1598), in <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Garter</a> robes<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></figcaption></figure> Peterborough is the birthplace of many notable people, the astronomer <a href="/wiki/George_Alcock" title="George Alcock">George Alcock</a>, one of the most successful visual discoverers of <a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">novas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>;<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">John Clare</a>, from Helpston, the nineteenth century poet;<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> artist, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Perkins_(artist)" title="Christopher Perkins (artist)">Christopher Perkins</a> – brother of Frank;<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Royce" title="Henry Royce">Henry Royce</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Baronet</a> of Seaton, engineer and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Plc">Rolls-Royce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Physician, actor and author, "Sir" <a href="/wiki/John_Hill_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hill (author)">John Hill</a>, credited with 76 separate works in the <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a>, the most valuable of which dealing with <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, is also said to have been born here.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The socialist writer and illustrator, <a href="/wiki/J._F._Horrabin" title="J. F. Horrabin">Frank Horrabin</a>, who was born in the city, and was elected as the Labour Member of Parliament in <a href="/wiki/1929_UK_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 UK general election">1929</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Utilitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilitarian">utilitarian</a> philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Divinity" title="Doctor of Divinity">Dr</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cumberland_(philosopher)" title="Richard Cumberland (philosopher)">Richard Cumberland</a>, was 14th Lord Bishop of Peterborough from 1691 until his death in 1718;<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> and Norfolk-born nurse and humanitarian, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Cavell" title="Edith Cavell">Edith Cavell</a>, who received part of her education at Laurel Court in the Minster Precinct, is commemorated by a plaque in the cathedral and by the name of the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> A gravedigger called Old Scarlett, whose portrait can be seen above the west door of Peterborough Cathedral, is considered a folk hero. He died in 1594 at the age of 98, having spent much of his life as the sexton at Peterborough Cathedral; having buried two monarchs, he has also been suggested as the inspiration for the gravedigger in Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Two prominent historical figures were born locally, <a href="/wiki/Hereward_the_Wake" title="Hereward the Wake">Hereward the Wake</a>, an outlaw who led resistance to the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman Conquest</a> and now lends his name to several places and businesses in the city;<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> and St. <a href="/wiki/John_Payne_(martyr)" title="John Payne (martyr)">John Payne</a>, one of the group of prominent Catholics <a href="/wiki/Martyred" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyred">martyred</a> between 1535 and 1679 and later designated the <a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatified</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> in 1886 and <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonised</a> with the other 39 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Musicians include Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armstrong_(conductor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Armstrong (conductor)">Thomas Armstrong</a>, organist, conductor and former principal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a>;<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andy_Bell_(singer)" title="Andy Bell (singer)">Andy Bell</a>, lead vocalist of the <a href="/wiki/Synthpop" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthpop">electronic pop</a> duo <a href="/wiki/Erasure_(duo)" title="Erasure (duo)">Erasure</a>;<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Barrie Forgie, leader of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Big_Band" title="BBC Big Band">BBC Big Band</a>;<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Don_Lusher" title="Don Lusher">Don Lusher</a>, trombonist and former professor of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> School of Music;<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nicholas" title="Paul Nicholas">Paul Nicholas</a>, actor and singer;<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Reality" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxim Reality">Maxim Reality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gizz_Butt" title="Gizz Butt">Gizz Butt</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aston_Merrygold" title="Aston Merrygold">Aston Merrygold</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brit_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Brit Award">Brit Award</a>-winning pop group <a href="/wiki/JLS_(Group)" class="mw-redirect" title="JLS (Group)">JLS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Comedian <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Wise" title="Ernie Wise">Ernie Wise</a> lived on Thorpe Avenue for many years, next door to Canadian baritone and actor <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hockridge" title="Edmund Hockridge">Edmund Hockridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Savile" title="Jimmy Savile">Jimmy Savile</a> also lived in the city in the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Other media personalities include actors <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bamford" title="Simon Bamford">Simon Bamford</a>, known for the 'Hellraiser' franchise, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lyne" title="Adrian Lyne">Adrian Lyne</a>, director of <a href="/wiki/Fatal_Attraction" title="Fatal Attraction">Fatal Attraction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Oscar Jacques, known for playing Tom Tupper in the <a href="/wiki/CBBC_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="CBBC (TV channel)">CBBC</a> Series <a href="/wiki/M.I._High" title="M.I. High">M.I. High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luke_Pasqualino" title="Luke Pasqualino">Luke Pasqualino</a>, known for his roles in <a href="/wiki/Skins_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skins (TV series)">Skins</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Musketeers_(2014_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Musketeers (2014 TV series)">The Musketeers</a>;<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> television presenter, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Cawood" title="Sarah Cawood">Sarah Cawood</a>, who grew up in Maxey;<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> BBC <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> presenter, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Humphrey" title="Jake Humphrey">Jake Humphrey</a>;<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> football journalist and <a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">Talksport</a> radio presenter, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Durham" title="Adrian Durham">Adrian Durham</a>;<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> and the biologist, author and broadcaster, Prof. <a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Ford" title="Brian J. Ford">Brian J. Ford</a>, who attended the King's School and still lives in Eastrea near Whittlesey.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Local businessman, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Boizot" title="Peter Boizot">Peter Boizot</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizza Express">Pizza Express</a> restaurant chain and <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">Deputy Lieutenant</a> of Cambridgeshire, has supported the cultural and sporting life of Peterborough and received its highest accolade, the freedom of the city.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">thalidomide</a> victim <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wiles" title="Terry Wiles">Terry Wiles</a>, subject of the 1979 film <a href="/wiki/On_Giant%27s_Shoulders" title="On Giant's Shoulders">On Giant's Shoulders</a>, was born in the city.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> In the sporting world, former <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tottenham Hotspur">Tottenham Hotspur</a> and <a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">England</a> footballer, <a href="/wiki/David_Bentley" title="David Bentley">David Bentley</a>, was born in the city,<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> as was <a href="/wiki/Louis_Smith_(gymnast)" title="Louis Smith (gymnast)">Louis Smith</a>, who at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 games</a> became <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the Olympics">Great Britain</a>'s first gymnast to win an individual Olympic medal in a century.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Chelsea Football player, currently on loan at <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Town">Luton Town</a> footballer <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah Brown">Isaiah Brown</a>, was born in Peterborough, before joining Leicester City and later West Bromwich Albion, becoming the second youngest player to play in the Premier League.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Wells_(rugby_union)" title="Harry Wells (rugby union)">Harry Wells</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> player for <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Tigers" title="Leicester Tigers">Leicester Tigers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Premiership_Rugby" title="Premiership Rugby">Premiership Rugby</a>, was born in Peterborough and attended <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_(The_Cathedral)_School" title="The King's (The Cathedral) School">The King's (The Cathedral) School</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen classification</a> the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> experience a <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">maritime climate</a> characterised by relatively cool summers and mild winters. Compared with other parts of the country, East Anglia is slightly warmer and sunnier in the summer and colder and frostier in the winter. Owing to its inland position, furthest from the landfall of most <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> depressions, Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in the UK, receiving, on average, around 600 mm (2.0 ft) of rain per year.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> The Met Office weather station at <a href="/wiki/Wittering,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wittering, Cambridgeshire">Wittering</a>, within the unitary authority of Peterborough, recorded a maximum temperature of 36.7 °C (98.1 °F) on 25 July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The lowest temperature in recent years was −13.4 °C (7.9 °F) during February 2012.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/RAF_Wittering" title="RAF Wittering">Wittering</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[a]</a> elevation: 73 m (240 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9 (103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2 (95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 (87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.9 (103.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 (48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.9 (7.0) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.5 (7.7) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.0 (10.4) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5 (22.1) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3 (29.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 (33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9 (25.0) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6 (18.3) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.9 (7.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0 (1.85) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.9 (1.53) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.0 (1.54) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2 (1.74) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6 (1.95) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.9 (2.08) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5 (2.19) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9 (2.36) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.9 (2.08) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3 (2.49) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.5 (2.26) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0 (2.09) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">613.6 (24.16) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.2 </td> <td style="background: #B8B852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.8 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.9 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.8 </td> <td style="background: #B3B373; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.0 </td> <td style="background: #8B8B8B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.7 </td> <td style="background: #757575; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.2 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,645.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-218">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterborough_River_Nene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Peterborough_River_Nene.jpg/220px-Peterborough_River_Nene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Peterborough_River_Nene.jpg/330px-Peterborough_River_Nene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Peterborough_River_Nene.jpg/440px-Peterborough_River_Nene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a> embankment, seen from Frank Perkins Parkway</figcaption></figure> East Anglia is most notable for being almost flat (it is mainly on a floodplain). During the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Ice Age</a> much of the region was covered by ice sheets and this has influenced the topography and nature of the soils.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> Much of Cambridgeshire is low-lying, in some places below present-day mean sea level.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> The lowest point on land is supposedly just to the south of the city at <a href="/wiki/Holme,_Cambridgeshire" title="Holme, Cambridgeshire">Holme Fen</a>, which is 2.75 metres (9.0 feet) below sea level. The largest of the many settlements along the <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">Fen</a> edge, Peterborough has been called the Gateway to the Fens.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> Before they were drained <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">the Fens</a> were liable to periodic flooding so <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable farming</a> was limited to the higher areas of the Fen edge, with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">Fenland</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral farming">pastoral farming</a>. In this way, the mediaeval and early modern Fens stood in contrast to the rest of southern England, which was primarily arable. Since the advent of modern drainage in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the Fens have been radically transformed such that arable farming has almost entirely replaced pastoral.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> The unitary authority extends north west to the settlements of <a href="/wiki/Wothorpe,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Wothorpe, Cambridgeshire">Wothorpe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wittering,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wittering, Cambridgeshire">Wittering</a> and east beyond <a href="/wiki/Thorney,_Cambridgeshire" title="Thorney, Cambridgeshire">Thorney</a> into the historic <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Ely" title="Isle of Ely">Isle of Ely</a> and includes the <a href="/wiki/Orton,_Peterborough" title="Orton, Peterborough">Ortons</a>, south of the River Nene. It borders Northamptonshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and the Cambridgeshire districts of <a href="/wiki/Fenland_District" title="Fenland District">Fenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a> to the south and east. The city centre is located at 52°35'N <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> 0°15'W <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> <a href="/wiki/British_national_grid_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British national grid reference system">national grid reference</a> TL 185 998. Urban areas Townships are in bold type. In addition to the surrounding villages, Bretton, Orton Longueville and Orton Waterville are parished. The city council also works closely with Werrington neighbourhood association which operates on a similar basis to a parish council. <a href="/wiki/Bretton,_Peterborough" title="Bretton, Peterborough">Bretton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dogsthorpe,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogsthorpe, Peterborough">Dogsthorpe</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eastfield,_Peterborough" title="Eastfield, Peterborough">Eastfield</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eastgate,_Peterborough" title="Eastgate, Peterborough">Eastgate</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fengate,_Peterborough" title="Fengate, Peterborough">Fengate</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fletton,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletton, Peterborough">Fletton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gunthorpe,_Peterborough" title="Gunthorpe, Peterborough">Gunthorpe</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Peterborough" title="Hampton, Peterborough">The Hamptons</a> – <a href="/wiki/Longthorpe,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Longthorpe, Peterborough">Longthorpe</a> – <a href="/wiki/Millfield,_Peterborough" title="Millfield, Peterborough">Millfield</a> – <a href="/wiki/Netherton,_Peterborough" title="Netherton, Peterborough">Netherton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Newark,_Peterborough" title="Newark, Peterborough">Newark</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_England,_Peterborough" title="New England, Peterborough">New England</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orton,_Peterborough" title="Orton, Peterborough">The Ortons</a> – <a href="/wiki/Parnwell,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Parnwell, Peterborough">Parnwell</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paston,_Peterborough" title="Paston, Peterborough">Paston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ravensthorpe,_Peterborough" title="Ravensthorpe, Peterborough">Ravensthorpe</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanground,_Peterborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanground, Peterborough">Stanground</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walton,_Peterborough" title="Walton, Peterborough">Walton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Werrington,_Peterborough" title="Werrington, Peterborough">Werrington</a> – <a href="/wiki/West_Town,_Peterborough" title="West Town, Peterborough">West Town</a> – <a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Peterborough" title="Westwood, Peterborough">Westwood</a> – <a href="/wiki/Woodston,_Peterborough" title="Woodston, Peterborough">Woodston</a> Rural areas <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes">Civil parishes</a> do not cover the whole of England and mostly exist in rural hinterland. They are usually administered by parish councils which have various local responsibilities. <a href="/wiki/Ailsworth,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ailsworth, Cambridgeshire">Ailsworth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bainton,_Cambridgeshire" title="Bainton, Cambridgeshire">Bainton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barnack,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnack, Cambridgeshire">Barnack</a> – <a href="/wiki/Borough_Fen,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough Fen, Cambridgeshire">Borough Fen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Castor,_Cambridgeshire" title="Castor, Cambridgeshire">Castor</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deeping_Gate,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Deeping Gate, Cambridgeshire">Deeping Gate</a> – <a href="/wiki/Etton,_Cambridgeshire" title="Etton, Cambridgeshire">Etton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eye,_Cambridgeshire" title="Eye, Cambridgeshire">Eye</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eye_Green,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye Green, Cambridgeshire">Eye Green</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glinton,_Cambridgeshire" title="Glinton, Cambridgeshire">Glinton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helpston,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Helpston, Cambridgeshire">Helpston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marholm,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Marholm, Cambridgeshire">Marholm</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maxey,_Cambridgeshire" title="Maxey, Cambridgeshire">Maxey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Newborough,_Cambridgeshire" title="Newborough, Cambridgeshire">Newborough</a> – <a href="/wiki/Northborough,_Cambridgeshire" title="Northborough, Cambridgeshire">Northborough</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peakirk,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Peakirk, Cambridgeshire">Peakirk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Southorpe,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Southorpe, Cambridgeshire">Southorpe</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Without,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Martin's Without, Cambridgeshire">St. Martin's Without</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sutton,_Peterborough" title="Sutton, Peterborough">Sutton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thorney,_Cambridgeshire" title="Thorney, Cambridgeshire">Thorney</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thornhaugh,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Thornhaugh, Cambridgeshire">Thornhaugh</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ufford,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ufford, Cambridgeshire">Ufford</a> – <a href="/wiki/Upton,_Peterborough" title="Upton, Peterborough">Upton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wansford,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wansford, Cambridgeshire">Wansford</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wittering,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wittering, Cambridgeshire">Wittering</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wothorpe,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Wothorpe, Cambridgeshire">Wothorpe</a> These are further arranged into 24 electoral <a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wards of the United Kingdom">wards</a> for the purposes of local government.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> 15 wards comprise the Peterborough constituency for elections to the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a>, while the remaining nine fall within the North West Cambridgeshire constituency.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistics">Linguistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Linguistics">edit</a>]</div> Peterborough lies in the middle of several distinct regional accent groups and as such has a hybrid of Fenland <a href="/wiki/East_Anglian_English" title="East Anglian English">East Anglian</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_English" title="East Midlands English">East Midland</a> and London <a href="/wiki/Estuary_English" title="Estuary English">Estuary English</a> features. The city falls just north of the A vowel <a href="/wiki/Isogloss" title="Isogloss">isogloss</a> and as such most native speakers will use the <a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_English_short_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonological history of English short A">flat A</a>, as found in cat, in words such as last. <a href="/wiki/Yod-dropping" class="mw-redirect" title="Yod-dropping">Yod-dropping</a> is often heard from Peterborians, as in the rest of East Anglia, for example new as /nuː/. However, the large number of newcomers has impacted greatly on the <a href="/wiki/English_English" class="mw-redirect" title="English English">English</a> spoken by the younger generation. Common so-called Estuary English features such as <a href="/wiki/L-vocalization" title="L-vocalization">L-vocalisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/T_glottalization" class="mw-redirect" title="T glottalization">T glottalisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Th-fronting" title="Th-fronting">Th-fronting</a> give today's Peterborough accent a definite <a href="/wiki/South_East_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="South East of England">south-eastern</a> sound.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiliations">Affiliations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Affiliations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom">List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">Town twinning</a> started in Europe after the Second World War. Its purpose was to promote friendship and greater understanding between the people of different European cities. A twinning link is a formal, long-term friendship agreement involving co-operation between two communities in different countries and endorsed by both local authorities. The two communities organise projects and activities addressing a range of issues and develop an understanding of historical, cultural, lifestyle similarities and differences. Peterborough is twinned with the following municipalities:<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a>, Spain (birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Queen Katherine</a>, 1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, Australia (1947)<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a>, France (1957)<a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-231">[230]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a>, Italy (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viersen" title="Viersen">Viersen</a>, Germany (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a>, Ukraine (1991)</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a> are also twinned with each other. The city also has more informal friendship links with <a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a>, Italy; <a href="/wiki/Kwe_Kwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwe Kwe">Kwe Kwe</a>, Zimbabwe; <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>, Hungary; and all <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Peterborough (disambiguation)">Peterboroughs</a> around the world.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> The county of Cambridgeshire has been twinned with <a href="/wiki/Viersen_(district)" title="Viersen (district)">Kreis Viersen</a>, Germany since 1983.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleontology">Paleontology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Paleontology">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">Fossils</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Hybodontiformes" title="Hybodontiformes">hybodontiform</a> fish <a href="/wiki/Planohybodus" title="Planohybodus">Planohybodus</a> were found in the <a href="/wiki/Callovian" title="Callovian">Callovian</a> (Middle <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>) deposits near Peterborough. The <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> Planohybodus peterboroughensis was named after Peterborough in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Freedom of the City">edit</a>]</div> The following people, military units and organisations and groups have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Peterborough. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (October 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Individuals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boizot" title="Peter Boizot">Peter Boizot</a>: 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Thomas" title="Wyndham Thomas">Wyndham Thomas</a>, British architect, 19 September 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Smith_(gymnast)" title="Louis Smith (gymnast)">Louis Smith</a>: 21 March 2017<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fox_(rower)" title="James Fox (rower)">James Fox</a>: 21 March 2017</li> <li>Lee Manning: 21 March 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robson" title="Tommy Robson">Tommy Robson</a>: 12 March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Military units">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Wittering" title="RAF Wittering">RAF Wittering</a>: 1983.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></li> <li>158 (Royal Anglian) Transport Regiment, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Logistic_Corps" title="Royal Logistic Corps">Royal Logistic Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">(Volunteers)</a>: 25 July 2009.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a></li> <li>115 (Peterborough) Squadron <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Corps" title="Air Training Corps">Air Training Corps</a>: 28 April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_and_groups">Organisations and groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Organisations and groups">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a> (Peterborough Branch): 4 March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_British_Legion" title="Royal British Legion">Royal British Legion</a> (Peterborough Branch): 28 July 2021.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> Weather station is located 8.9 miles (14.3 km) from the Peterborough city centre. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwales/census2021">"Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021"</a>. Census 2021. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2021&rft.atitle=Towns+and+cities%2C+characteristics+of+built-up+areas%2C+England+and+Wales%3A+Census+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fhousing%2Farticles%2Ftownsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwales%2Fcensus2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterborough.gov.uk/council/about-peterborough/population/">"population estimate for Peterborough local authority is 202,110 at mid 2017"</a>. Peterborough City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110014314/https://www.peterborough.gov.uk/council/about-peterborough/population/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=population+estimate+for+Peterborough+local+authority+is+202%2C110+at+mid+2017&rft.pub=Peterborough+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterborough.gov.uk%2Fcouncil%2Fabout-peterborough%2Fpopulation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastofengland/peterborough/E35001389__peterborough/">"Peterborough"</a>. City Population De. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peterborough&rft.pub=City+Population+De.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Feastofengland%2Fpeterborough%2FE35001389__peterborough%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/c2021ts001">"TS001 – Number of usual residents in households and communal establishments – Nomis – Official Census and Labour Market Statistics"</a>. nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nomisweb.co.uk&rft.atitle=TS001+%E2%80%93+Number+of+usual+residents+in+households+and+communal+establishments+%E2%80%93+Nomis+%E2%80%93+Official+Census+and+Labour+Market+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fc2021ts001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Garmonsway (pp.183 & 198–99); Mellows, 1949 (p.66). As a modern local historian has put it, this was "a rhetorical term," used in these 12th century local histories "to contrast the riches of the late Anglo-Saxon monastery with the decrease in income caused by later impositions and the despoliation of the monastic treasure by Hereward," see Tebbs, Herbert F. Peterborough: A History (p.23) The Oleander Press, Cambridge, 1979. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Originating in a new name for the abbey at Medeshamstede, and not the town, the name Burh was adopted for the abbey in the late 10th century, see Garmonsway (p. 117), also Mellows, William Thomas (ed.) The Chronicle of Hugh Candidus a Monk of Peterborough (pp.38 & 480) Oxford University Press, 1949, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/314897451">314897451</a>; the addition of Peter, the name of the abbey's principal titular saint, parallels development of e.g. the name <a href="/wiki/Bury_St._Edmunds_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bury St. Edmunds Abbey">Bury St. Edmunds</a> and will have served to distinguish between the two places. Exemplified in mediaeval records in the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Latinised</a> form Burgus Sancti Petri, this gave rise to the modern name Peterborough. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Parthey, Gustav and Pinder, Moritz (eds.) Itinerarivm Antonini Avgvsti et Hierosolymitanum: ex libris manu scriptis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-britain.org/antonine-itinerary.htm">Iter Britanniarvm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110703033434/http://roman-britain.org/antonine-itinerary.htm">Archived</a> 3 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Iter V: Item a Londinio Luguvalio ad vallum mpm clvi sic) Friederich Nicolaus, Berlin, 1848. See also Reynolds, Thomas Iter Britanniarum or that part of the itinerary of Antoninus which relates to Britain with a new comment J. Burges, Cambridge, 1799. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/B/bigromandig/camesaw/3_495a.jsp">They came, they saw</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080905072827/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/B/bigromandig/camesaw/3_495a.jsp">Archived</a> 5 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Top 30 Roman sites (6), Channel 4 Television (Retrieved 20 July 2008). </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England364099" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=364099&resourceID=19191">"Monument No. 364099"</a>. Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 20 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Monument+No.+364099&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D364099%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFincham,_Garrick2004" class="citation book cs1">Fincham, Garrick (2004). Durobbrivae: A Roman Town Between Fen and Upland. Stroud: Tempus. pp. 102–08. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-3337-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-3337-7"><bdi>0-7524-3337-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Durobbrivae%3A+A+Roman+Town+Between+Fen+and+Upland&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=102-08&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7524-3337-7&rft.au=Fincham%2C+Garrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lewis_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lewis_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lewis_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lewis_9-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Lewis1848" class="citation web cs1">Samuel Lewis, ed. (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51211">"Peterborough"</a>. A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003153840/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51211">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Topographical+Dictionary+of+England&rft.atitle=Peterborough&rft.date=1848&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D51211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Touthill-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Touthill_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Touthill_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1006846" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1006846?section=official-list-entry">"Touthill and site of castle bailey (1006846)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a>. Retrieved 11 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Touthill+and+site+of+castle+bailey+%281006846%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1006846%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Ancient_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Ancient Monument">Scheduled Ancient Monument</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-TTB-11"><a href="#cite_ref-TTB_11-0">^</a> Tim Tatton-Brown and John Crook, The English Cathedral, New Holland (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84330-120-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84330-120-2">1-84330-120-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian</a>, MS. Laud 636 (E), see Ingram, James Henry (trans.) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1823 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/657">facsimile of the 1847 Everyman's Library ed. with additional readings from the translation of John Allen Giles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929150833/http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/657">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>. Retrieved 19 September 2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/645704">645704</a>. A modern edition, comparing the Peterborough version with such others as survive, is in Garmonsway, George Norman (trans.) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1972 & 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63489126">63489126</a>. For the Peterborough Chronicle's unique information, see also Clark, Cecily (ed.) The Peterborough Chronicle 1070–1154 (pp. xxi–xxx) Oxford University Press, 1958. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/J._A._W._Bennett" class="mw-redirect" title="J. A. W. Bennett">Bennett, Jack Arthur Walter</a> Middle English Literature (ed. and completed by Douglas Gray), Oxford University Press, 1986. </li> <li id="cite_note-chisholm-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_14-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.) <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">(11th ed.)</a> vol.21 Cambridge University Press, 1911 (text in the public domain). </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweeting-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sweeting_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sweeting_15-1">b</a> Sweeting, Walter Debenham The Cathedral Church of Peterborough: A Description of its Fabric and a Brief History of the Episcopal See (pp.3–35) G. Bell & Sons, London, 1898 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13618">facsimile of the 1926 reprint of the 2nd ed. of Bell's Cathedrals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610203511/http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13618">Archived</a> 10 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>. Retrieved 23 April 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Davies, Elizabeth et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/community_information/about_peterborough/historical_peterborough/civil_war_and_return_of_peace.aspx">Peterborough: A Story of City and Country, People and Places</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120408222642/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/community_information/about_peterborough/historical_peterborough/civil_war_and_return_of_peace.aspx">Archived</a> 8 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (pp.18–19) Peterborough City Council and Pitkin Unichrome, 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_King" title="Richard John King">King, Richard J.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Great_Britain/England/_Topics/churches/_Texts/KINCAT*">/Peterborough/1.html Handbook to the Cathedrals of England</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527223936/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Great_Britain/England/_Topics/churches/_Texts/KINCAT%2A/Peterborough/1.html">Archived</a> 27 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (p.77) John Murray, London, 1862. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27305221">27305221</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-brandon-peterborough-past-18"><a href="#cite_ref-brandon-peterborough-past_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandonKnight2001" class="citation book cs1">Brandon, David; Knight, John (2001). Peterborough Past. Phillimore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860771842" title="Special:BookSources/9781860771842"><bdi>9781860771842</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peterborough+Past&rft.pub=Phillimore&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781860771842&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Knight%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> "At the bridge of Peterborough by the River Nene, as well in the county of Huntingdon as in the county of Northampton, on all sides of the bridge." </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Tebbs (p.125). </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Brooks, John [web.archive.org/web/20050513152328/<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.towns.org.uk/market-towns-projects/Market-Towns-Food-and-Tourism-Guides~3.pdf">http://www.towns.org.uk/market-towns-projects/Market-Towns-Food-and-Tourism-Guides~3.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025090608/http://www.towns.org.uk/market-towns-projects/Market-Towns-Food-and-Tourism-Guides~3.pdf">Archived</a> 25 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> A Flavour of the Welland] (p.12) The Welland Partnership and Jarrold Publishing, Norwich, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Davies (pp.23–24). </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hanson.co.uk/samples/pdfs/Brick%20and%20cladding/London%20brick%20130%20years%20of%20history.pdf">London Brick: 130 Years of History 1877–2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529072411/http://www.hanson.co.uk/samples/pdfs/Brick%20and%20cladding/London%20brick%20130%20years%20of%20history.pdf">Archived</a> 29 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Hanson Building Products, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Baker, Anne Pimlott "Perkins, Francis Arthur (1889–1967)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F48099">10.1093/ref:odnb/48099</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Davies (pp.26–27). </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishsugar.co.uk/RVEf0888db1fee94b65a660493aa115d694,,.aspx">The History of British Sugar</a>British Sugar (Retrieved 5 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116235959/http://www.britishsugar.co.uk/RVEf0888db1fee94b65a660493aa115d694%2C%2C.aspx">Archived</a> 16 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411114019/http://www.britishsugar.co.uk/RVEf0888db1fee94b65a660493aa115d694%2C%2C.aspx">"British Sugar"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishsugar.co.uk/RVEf0888db1fee94b65a660493aa115d694%2C%2C.aspx">the original</a> on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Sugar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishsugar.co.uk%2FRVEf0888db1fee94b65a660493aa115d694%252C%252C.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-14623484">Members agree Yorkshire and N&P building societies merger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181109150025/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-14623484">Archived</a> 9 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC News, 22 August 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Brooks, Beth <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/companies/central-england-co-op-born-out-of-midlands-anglia-merger/353614.article">Central England Co-op born out of Midlands-Anglia merger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204204/http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/companies/central-england-co-op-born-out-of-midlands-anglia-merger/353614.article">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Grocer, 16 January 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Under the New Towns Act 1965 (1965 cap.59) cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1988/1410/contents/made">The Peterborough Development Corporation (Transfer of Property and Dissolution) Order 1988</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430173018/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1988/1410/contents/made">Archived</a> 30 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (SI 1988/1410); the designation was made on 21 July 1967, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette44377" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/44377/page/8515">"No. 44377"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 1 August 1967. p. 8515.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+44377&rft.pages=8515&rft.date=1967-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F44377%2Fpage%2F8515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Hancock, Tom Greater Peterborough Master Plan Peterborough Development Corporation, 1971. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/EXPANSION-A-billion-reasons-to.959657.jp">"Expansion: A billion reasons to be cheerful"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014032015/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/EXPANSION-A-billion-reasons-to.959657.jp">Archived</a> 14 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 2 March 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-plan-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plan_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-plan_32-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpp-peterborough.org.uk/regions/documents/ThePlanforPeterboroughCityCentreFebruary2005.pdf">The Plan for Peterborough City Centre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616131754/http://www.gpp-peterborough.org.uk/regions/documents/ThePlanforPeterboroughCityCentreFebruary2005.pdf">Archived</a> 16 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough City Council, East of England Development Agency and <a href="/wiki/English_Partnerships" title="English Partnerships">English Partnerships</a>, February 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/UrbanPanelReviewPaperforPeterboroughMarch2006.pdf">Urban Panel Review Paper for Peterborough</a> (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080110083020/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/UrbanPanelReviewPaperforPeterboroughMarch2006.pdf">archived copy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/UK_Government_Web_Archive" title="UK Government Web Archive">UK Government Web Archive</a>, archived on 10 January 2008) <a href="/wiki/Historic_Buildings_and_Monuments_Commission_for_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England">Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Architecture_and_the_Built_Environment" title="Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment">Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment</a>, 16 March 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democracy.peterborough.gov.uk/mgCalendarAgendaView.aspx?MR=0&M=5&DD=2024&CID=0&OT=&C=-1&D=27">"Meetings calendar"</a>. Peterborough City Council. Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peterborough+City+Council&rft.atitle=Meetings+calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocracy.peterborough.gov.uk%2FmgCalendarAgendaView.aspx%3FMR%3D0%26M%3D5%26DD%3D2024%26CID%3D0%26OT%3D%26C%3D-1%26D%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/new-era-peterborough-city-council-move-fletton-quays-579322">"New era for Peterborough City Council with move to Fletton Quays"</a>. Peterborough Today. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+era+for+Peterborough+City+Council+with+move+to+Fletton+Quays&rft.pub=Peterborough+Today&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fnew-era-peterborough-city-council-move-fletton-quays-579322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette46334" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46334/page/7419">"No. 46334"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 28 June 1974. p. 7419.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+46334&rft.pages=7419&rft.date=1974-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F46334%2Fpage%2F7419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/">"Election Maps"</a>. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Maps&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Felection-maps%2Fgb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10279690">"Peterborough Ancient Parish / Civil Parish"</a>. A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Vision+of+Britain+through+Time&rft.atitle=Peterborough+Ancient+Parish+%2F+Civil+Parish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisionofbritain.org.uk%2Funit%2F10279690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1832commissioners-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1832commissioners_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1832commissioners_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vEhJAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA156-IA7">Reports from Commissioners on proposed division of Counties and boundaries of Boroughs: Volume II, Part II</a>. 1832. p. 159. Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reports+from+Commissioners+on+proposed+division+of+Counties+and+boundaries+of+Boroughs%3A+Volume+II%2C+Part+II&rft.pages=159&rft.date=1832&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvEhJAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA156-IA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/constituencies/peterborough">"Peterborough"</a>. The History of Parliament. Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+Parliament&rft.atitle=Peterborough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofparliamentonline.org%2Fvolume%2F1558-1603%2Fconstituencies%2Fpeterborough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/residents/libraries-leisure-culture/archives/archives-a-to-z/archives-a-to-z-l-to-m">"Local Government archives"</a>. Cambridgeshire County Council. Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridgeshire+County+Council&rft.atitle=Local+Government+archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeshire.gov.uk%2Fresidents%2Flibraries-leisure-culture%2Farchives%2Farchives-a-to-z%2Farchives-a-to-z-l-to-m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act 1835</a> (<a href="/wiki/5_%26_6_Will._4" class="mw-redirect" title="5 & 6 Will. 4">5 & 6 Will. 4</a>. c. 76), Charter of Incorporation dated 17 March 1874. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10136805#tab02">"Peterborough Municipal Borough"</a>. A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Vision+of+Britain+through+Time&rft.atitle=Peterborough+Municipal+Borough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisionofbritain.org.uk%2Funit%2F10136805%23tab02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1878/made">"The Cambridgeshire (City of Peterborough) (Structural, Boundary and Electoral Changes) Order 1996"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 1996/1878, retrieved 27 May 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Cambridgeshire+%28City+of+Peterborough%29+%28Structural%2C+Boundary+and+Electoral+Changes%29+Order+1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1996%2F1878%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Hastings, David and Swadkin, Claire <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/elmr/02_07/downloads/ELMR02_07REI.pdf">Regional economic indicators with a focus on the differences in regional economic performance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616131749/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/elmr/02_07/downloads/ELMR02_07REI.pdf">Archived</a> 16 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Economic and Labour Market Review, vol.1 no.2 (pp.52–64) February 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encluster.org/">Peterborough Environment Cluster</a> The UK Centre for Economic and Environmental Development (Retrieved 20 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071118202125/http://www.encluster.org/">Archived</a> 18 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpp-peterborough.org.uk/new_07/environcapital.html">Peterborough – the UK's Environment Capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216235959/http://www.gpp-peterborough.org.uk/new_07/environcapital.html">Archived</a> 16 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Greater Peterborough Partnership (Retrieved 20 December 2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412234708/http://www.gpp-peterborough.org.uk/new_07/environcapital.html">"Greater Peterborough Partnership"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpp-peterborough.org.uk/new_07/environcapital.html">the original</a> on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greater+Peterborough+Partnership&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpp-peterborough.org.uk%2Fnew_07%2Fenvironcapital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pect.org.uk/about-us">About Us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125100034/http://pect.org.uk/about-us">Archived</a> 25 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough Environment City Trust (Retrieved 30 May 2010). </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.idea1.org.uk/event/future-floodlands-peterborough-green-festival/">"FUTURE FLOODLANDS, PETERBOROUGH GREEN FESTIVAL"</a>. Idea1. 13 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019064256/http://archive.idea1.org.uk/event/future-floodlands-peterborough-green-festival/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idea1&rft.atitle=FUTURE+FLOODLANDS%2C+PETERBOROUGH+GREEN+FESTIVAL&rft.date=2016-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.idea1.org.uk%2Fevent%2Ffuture-floodlands-peterborough-green-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamy2019" class="citation news cs1">Lamy, Joel (4 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/environment-secretary-michael-gove-praises-peterboroughs-eco-credentials-visit-community-project-128543">"Environment Secretary Michael Gove praises Peterborough's eco-credentials on visit to community project"</a>. Peterborough Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020033852/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/environment-secretary-michael-gove-praises-peterboroughs-eco-credentials-visit-community-project-128543">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peterborough+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Environment+Secretary+Michael+Gove+praises+Peterborough%27s+eco-credentials+on+visit+to+community+project&rft.date=2019-02-04&rft.aulast=Lamy&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fenvironment-secretary-michael-gove-praises-peterboroughs-eco-credentials-visit-community-project-128543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-53098697">"Peterborough leisure and libraries charity Vivacity shut by lockdown"</a>. BBC News. 18 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019191658/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-53098697">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peterborough+leisure+and+libraries+charity+Vivacity+shut+by+lockdown&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cambridgeshire-53098697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Salman, Saba <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2008/oct/08/regeneration.peterborough">"The civic engineer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131163925/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2008/oct/08/regeneration.peterborough">Archived</a> 31 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, London and Manchester, 8 October 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insighteast.org.uk/viewResource.aspx?id=12662">Commuting Profile for Peterborough</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710100547/http://www.insighteast.org.uk/viewResource.aspx?id=12662">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> East of England Regional Assembly, 11 April 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157202/report.aspx#tabearn">"Earnings by residence (2014)"</a>. Office for National Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042753/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157202/report.aspx#tabearn">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earnings+by+residence+%282014%29&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Freports%2Flmp%2Fla%2F1946157202%2Freport.aspx%23tabearn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/employment_projects_promise_jobs_to_end_worrying_trend_1_62225">"Employment: Projects promise jobs to end worrying trend"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622034104/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/employment_projects_promise_jobs_to_end_worrying_trend_1_62225">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 23 March 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/jobs-boom-time-1-35758">"Jobs: Boom Time"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033857/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/jobs-boom-time-1-35758">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 18 April 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/business-distribution-park-will-bring-2-500-jobs-to-city-1-66212">"Business: Distribution park will bring 2,500 jobs to city"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033951/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/business-distribution-park-will-bring-2-500-jobs-to-city-1-66212">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 12 September 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/limit-plea-fears-over-immigrants-1-65537">"Limit plea: Fears over immigrants"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033833/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/limit-plea-fears-over-immigrants-1-65537">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 23 August 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051027140810/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-230">Housing Strategy Statement 2004-7</a> Peterborough City Council, July 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptuc.co.uk/about/">About PTUC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530203114/http://www.ptuc.co.uk/about/">Archived</a> 30 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough Trades Union Council (Retrieved 30 May 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalrail.co.uk/stations/PBO.html">Station Facilities for Peterborough</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070718060320/http://nationalrail.co.uk/stations/PBO.html">Archived</a> 18 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail">National Rail</a> Enquiries, 28 November 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Under the Nene Navigation Acts 1714 (<a href="/wiki/12_Ann." class="mw-redirect" title="12 Ann.">12 Ann.</a> c. 7), 1725 (<a href="/wiki/11_Geo._1" class="mw-redirect" title="11 Geo. 1">11 Geo. 1</a>. c. 19), 1756 (<a href="/wiki/29_Geo._2" class="mw-redirect" title="29 Geo. 2">29 Geo. 2</a>. c. 69) and 1794 (<a href="/wiki/34_Geo._3" class="mw-redirect" title="34 Geo. 3">34 Geo. 3</a>. c. 85). </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Gordon Bibble, Britanic's History Railway Buildings. An Oxford Gazetteer of Structures and Sites, (p.195), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198662471" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198662471">978-0198662471</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Labrum, Edward A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Offfz1NSDt0C">Civil Engineering Heritage: Eastern and Central England</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620110750/http://books.google.com/books?id=Offfz1NSDt0C&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 20 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (pp.78–79) Thomas Telford, London, 1994. See also Cossey, F. "Cast Iron Railway Bridge at Peterborough" in <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hudson" title="Kenneth Hudson">Hudson, Kenneth</a> (ed.) Industrial Archaeology vol. 4 (pp.138–147) David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1967. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Brandon, David and Knight, John Peterborough Past: The City and The Soke (p.54) Phillimore & Co., Chichester, 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ea-lit.freshwaterlife.org/fedora/repository/ealit:2818/OBJ/20001183.pdf">Navigations in the Anglian Region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081603/http://ea-lit.freshwaterlife.org/fedora/repository/ealit:2818/OBJ/20001183.pdf">Archived</a> 18 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Public Relations Department, National Rivers Authority, Anglian Region (NRA Anglian 88) 1994. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Brandon and Knight (pp.47–49). </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/traffic,_travel_and_parking/strategies,_policies_and_plans/transport_planning/ltp2.aspx">The Second Local Transport Plan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423201730/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/traffic,_travel_and_parking/strategies,_policies_and_plans/transport_planning/ltp2.aspx">Archived</a> 23 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough City Council, March 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://consult.peterborough.gov.uk/portal/planning/peterborough/cs/cspo?pointId=1202897463405#section-1202897463405">Regional Freight Interchange</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 21 January 2012). </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifeandhealth.guardian.co.uk/guides/cycling/story/0,,2022726,00.html">"Cycle Guide: The Green Wheel"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080126102721/http://lifeandhealth.guardian.co.uk/guides/cycling/story/0,,2022726,00.html">Archived</a> 26 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, London and Manchester, 3 March 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Noyes, T.B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visitely.eastcambs.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Hereward%20Way.pdf">The Hereward Way: A Walking Route Across the Fens Oakham to Thetford (also part of European route E2 Ely to Oakham)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122210426/http://visitely.eastcambs.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Hereward%20Way.pdf">Archived</a> 22 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Ramblers' Association (Peterborough Group), 1985 (Republished 2004 and published online 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2021" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Rob (1 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/council/plans-for-a-new-cycle-highway-near-peterborough-turned-down-3292318">"Plans for a new 'cycle highway' near Peterborough turned down"</a>. peterboroughtoday.co.uk/. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019063838/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/council/plans-for-a-new-cycle-highway-near-peterborough-turned-down-3292318">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2F&rft.atitle=Plans+for+a+new+%27cycle+highway%27+near+Peterborough+turned+down&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcouncil%2Fplans-for-a-new-cycle-highway-near-peterborough-turned-down-3292318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamy2021" class="citation web cs1">Lamy, Joel (22 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/transport/mayor-urged-to-intervene-over-misuse-of-peterborough-cycling-funds-3317504">"Mayor urged to intervene over 'misuse' of Peterborough cycling funds"</a>. peterboroughtoday.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019081007/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/transport/mayor-urged-to-intervene-over-misuse-of-peterborough-cycling-funds-3317504">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peterboroughtoday.co.uk&rft.atitle=Mayor+urged+to+intervene+over+%27misuse%27+of+Peterborough+cycling+funds&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft.aulast=Lamy&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftransport%2Fmayor-urged-to-intervene-over-misuse-of-peterborough-cycling-funds-3317504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popstats-75"><a href="#cite_ref-popstats_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> CCC 2020-based population forecasts, Peterborough, 2020–2041 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Enlarged to include former Gunthorpe CP, Longthorpe CP, Paston CP, Peterborough Without CP, Walton CP and Werrington CP from Peterborough RD in 1929. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Because of the Second World War there was no census taken in 1941. 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Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+shows+increase+in+population+in+the+East+of+England&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2012-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fmro%2Fnews-release%2Fcensus-shows-increase-in-population-in-the-east-of-england%2Fpdfeastenglandnr0712.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censuspopulationchange/E06000031/">"How the population changed in Peterborough, Census 2021 – ONS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+population+changed+in+Peterborough%2C+Census+2021+%E2%80%93+ONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fvisualisations%2Fcensuspopulationchange%2FE06000031%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrinnell2015" class="citation web cs1">Grinnell, Paul (19 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710125244/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/business/business-news/peterborough-loses-top-spot-as-uk-s-fastest-growing-city-in-new-report-1-6526432">"Peterborough loses top spot as UK's fastest growing city in new report"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+KS209EW+2011+Census%3A+Religion%2C+local+authorities+in+England+and+Wales&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2012-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fkey-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales%2Frft-table-ks209ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Walton, Jemma <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/how_immigration_has_led_to_the_rebirth_of_the_catholic_church_1_73672">"How immigration has led to the rebirth of the Catholic Church"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033751/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/how_immigration_has_led_to_the_rebirth_of_the_catholic_church_1_73672">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 27 February 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Sandall, Jonathan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/peterborough_superchurch_to_open_1_66594">"Peterborough superchurch to open"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033910/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/peterborough_superchurch_to_open_1_66594">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 21 September 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2675759.stm">"Mosque due to open in Peterborough"</a>. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070925/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2675759.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mosque+due+to+open+in+Peterborough&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2F2675759.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharathindusamaj.co.uk/">"Bharat Hindu Samaj Temple"</a>. bharathindusamaj.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120071545/http://www.bharathindusamaj.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bharathindusamaj.co.uk&rft.atitle=Bharat+Hindu+Samaj+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharathindusamaj.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sgsspeterborough.org/">"Sri Guru Singh Sabha Gurdwara Peterborough"</a>. sgsspeterborough.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070310/http://sgsspeterborough.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sgsspeterborough.org&rft.atitle=Sri+Guru+Singh+Sabha+Gurdwara+Peterborough&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsgsspeterborough.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/latest-news/religion-bishops-bridge-boundaries-aboard-boat-1-150260">"Religion: Bishops bridge boundaries aboard boat"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071909/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/latest-news/religion-bishops-bridge-boundaries-aboard-boat-1-150260">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 2 August 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ely.anglican.org/news_events/media/press/details.html?id=26">Bridging the divide in a city</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070307175451/http://www.ely.anglican.org/news_events/media/press/details.html?id=26">Archived</a> 7 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Diocese of Ely, Ref. 0471, 29 July 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Waszak, Peter "The Revival of the Roman Catholic Church in Peterborough c. 1793–1910" in Peterborough's Past vol.3 Peterborough Museum Society, 1988. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northamptongreekcommunity.co.uk/">Neighbouring Greek Communities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110324172225/http://www.northamptongreekcommunity.co.uk/">Archived</a> 24 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Northampton Greek Community (Retrieved 31 October 2010). </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cambridgeshire/6629655.stm">"No playground for 'super school'"</a>. 6 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235621/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cambridgeshire/6629655.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+playground+for+%27super+school%27&rft.date=2007-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fcambridgeshire%2F6629655.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-5618">Secondary School Review</a> Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 15 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070416115959/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-5618">Archived</a> 16 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Orme,_Nicholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Orme, Nicholas">Orme, Nicholas</a> The King's school has an "outstanding" status and is widely considered the best in Peterborough.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/themes/95/95744.html">School founders and patrons in England, 597–1560</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210091634/http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/themes/95/95744.html">Archived</a> 10 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> Oxford University Press, October 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6250433.stm">"How different LEAs performed"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011180823/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6250433.stm">Archived</a> 11 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News Online, 19 January 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Nasta, Tony <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150407120515/http://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/index.php?q%3Dfiledownloading/%26id%3D796593%26type%3D1%26refer%3D0">Statutory Inspection of Peterborough Regional College</a> under Section 3 of the School Inspections Act 1996 (1996 cap.57) <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Standards_in_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Standards in Education">Office for Standards in Education</a> and Adult Learning Inspectorate, 17 October 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gputc.com/about-us">About us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618195818/http://gputc.com/about-us">Archived</a> 18 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Greater Peterborough University Technical College (Retrieved 21 April 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eera.gov.uk/Documents/About%20EERA/Policy/Planning%20and%20Transport/PlanHome/PlanTranStud/GeoStud/Pete/Stage1/PeteFin/finalreport.pdf">Peterborough Sub-Regional Study: Final Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428150916/http://www.eera.gov.uk/Documents/About%20EERA/Policy/Planning%20and%20Transport/PlanHome/PlanTranStud/GeoStud/Pete/Stage1/PeteFin/finalreport.pdf">Archived</a> 28 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 3.2.3 Improving further and higher education provision (p.19) Llewelyn Davies for the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England_Regional_Assembly" title="East of England Regional Assembly">East of England Regional Assembly</a>, November 2003. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120724144036/http://www.anglia.ac.uk/ruskin/en/home/news/archive/peterborough.html">Major step towards university for Peterborough</a> Anglia Ruskin University, 22 February 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717210303/http://www.anglia.ac.uk/ruskin/en/home/news/archive/peterborough_10m.html">£10 million boost for university facility in Peterborough</a> Anglia Ruskin University, 11 December 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717124628/http://www.anglia.ac.uk/ruskin/en/home/news/archive/Peterborough_signing.html">Legal deal signed and sealed facilitates the 'emergence' of new University Centre in Peterborough</a> Anglia Ruskin University, 3 April 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglia.ac.uk/ruskin/en/home/news/archive/ucp_official_opening.html">University Centre Peterborough opening will ‘lift aspirations’</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120802214119/http://www.anglia.ac.uk/ruskin/en/home/news/archive/ucp_official_opening.html">Archived</a> 2 August 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> Anglia Ruskin University, 4 March 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2011" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Christopher (2 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/news/gray_matter/8828163.When_libraries_were_given__not_taken_away/">"When libraries were given, not taken away"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peterborough+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Peterborough+artists+open+pop-up+studio+in+Queensgate&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.aulast=Barns&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Fthings-to-do%2Fpeterborough-artists-open-pop-studio-queensgate-1380507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewsdesk2021" class="citation news cs1">Newsdesk, Bury (2 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suffolknews.co.uk/bury-st-edmunds/news/humour-behind-the-headlines-9218512/">"Cartoonist John Elson's take on the fuel crisis"</a>. Suffolk News. 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Peterborough Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019163729/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/arts-and-culture/art/peterborough-artists-open-studios-where-and-when-to-visit-3278381">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peterborough+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Peterborough+Artists%27+Open+Studios+%28PAOS%29+comes+of+age+in+2021+as+it+celebrates+its+21st+anniversary+year.&rft.date=2021-06-20&rft.aulast=Barns&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Farts-and-culture%2Fart%2Fpeterborough-artists-open-studios-where-and-when-to-visit-3278381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFthe_moment_MAGAZINE2018" class="citation web cs1">the moment MAGAZINE (23 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themomentmagazine.com/history/looking-up/">"Antony Gormley: looking up…"</a>. themomentmagazine.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020212256/https://www.themomentmagazine.com/history/looking-up/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=themomentmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Antony+Gormley%3A+looking+up%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft.au=the+moment+MAGAZINE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themomentmagazine.com%2Fhistory%2Flooking-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> The Key Times is the theatre's newspaper, available free of charge from the last Saturday of each month. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014032051/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/FIRST-GLIMPSE-OF-MECCA-TO.420793.jp">"First Glimpse of Mecca to Movies"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Evening_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough Evening Telegraph">Peterborough Evening Telegraph</a>, 18 April 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Baker, Marie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/Broadway-devastated-by-major-arson.4912542.jp">"Broadway devastated by major fire blaze"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504055416/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/Broadway-devastated-by-major-arson.4912542.jp">Archived</a> 4 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 26 January 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Peterborough/50.htm">50th Anniversary 1937–1987 Souvenir Brochure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907090733/http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Peterborough/50.htm">Archived</a> 7 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cannon Cinema, Peterborough, 1987. </li> <li id="cite_note-embassy-128"><a href="#cite_ref-embassy_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/482-embassy-peterborough">"Embassy (Peterborough)"</a>. The Theatres Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429082418/http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/482-embassy-peterborough">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+%28Peterborough%29&rft.pub=The+Theatres+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatrestrust.org.uk%2Fresources%2Ftheatres%2Fshow%2F482-embassy-peterborough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Managed on behalf of the council by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vivacity-peterborough.com/libraries-and-archives/">Vivacity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202170637/http://www.vivacity-peterborough.com/libraries-and-archives/">Archived</a> 2 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, an independent, not-for-profit organisation with charitable status; there are also nine branch libraries and a mobile library. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orangeprize.co.uk/opf/books.php4?bookid=180">Orange Broadband prize for Fiction</a> 2005 shortlist title A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian by Marina Lewycka (336 pp. Viking, London, 2005) Orange Home UK (Retrieved 26 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071206201325/http://www.orangeprize.co.uk/opf/books.php4?bookid=180">Archived</a> 6 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Ness, Patrick <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/generalfiction/0,,1858405,00.html">"Pleasant incidents"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080120122129/http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/generalfiction/0,,1858405,00.html">Archived</a> 20 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (review of A Spot of Bother by Mark Haddon, 390 pp. Jonathan Cape, London, 2006), The Guardian, London and Manchester, 26 August 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Wilson, Laura <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/23/crime-fiction-roundup-reviews">Crime fiction roundup – reviews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605153911/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/23/crime-fiction-roundup-reviews">Archived</a> 5 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Guardian, 23 January 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Plummer, Russell Peterborough United on the FA Cup Trail, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theposh.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10427~149280,00.html">Part 1: "Sixty Years of Highlights in the Greatest Knockout Event"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723171635/http://www.theposh.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10427~149280,00.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theposh.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10427~149310,00.html">Part 2: "Sunderland Disaster to Glory in Defeat at Old Trafford"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723171803/http://www.theposh.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10427~149310%2C00.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough United Football Club, 3 & 4 January 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theposh.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10427~397399,00.html">Posh Stats and Records</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808121259/http://www.theposh.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10427~397399%2C00.html">Archived</a> 8 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough United Football Club, 9 May 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Peterborough Town changed its name for the 2006/7 season following a merger with Peterborough Athletic Hockey Club, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofpeterboroughhockeyclub.co.uk/">City of Peterborough Hockey Club</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430011838/http://www.cityofpeterboroughhockeyclub.co.uk/">Archived</a> 30 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for more details. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/peterboroughlionsrfc/a/club-history-8506.html">Club History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106072646/http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/peterboroughlionsrfc/a/club-history-8506.html">Archived</a> 6 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough Lions Rugby Football Club (Retrieved 7 May 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englandrugby.com/fixtures-and-results/competitions/midlands-division/">Midlands Division</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310035331/http://www.englandrugby.com/fixtures-and-results/competitions/midlands-division/">Archived</a> 10 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Fixtures and Results, Rugby Football Union (Retrieved 7 May 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Bath, David <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prufc.com/rugger.pdf">A History of Rugby Union in the Peterborough Area with special reference to the history of Peterborough Rugby Union Football Club</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616131749/http://www.prufc.com/rugger.pdf">Archived</a> 16 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> An extended version of a paper delivered to the Peterborough Burgh Society, October 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/peterborough/s/table-44973.html?table=division-7358">Midlands 1 East</a> League Table, Peterborough Rugby Union Football Club (Retrieved 7 May 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/peterborough/s/table-44973.html?table=division-9948">Midlands 2 East (South)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101836/http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/peterborough/s/table-44973.html?table=division-9948">Archived</a> 2 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> League Table, Peterborough Rugby Union Football Club (Retrieved 7 May 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/rowing-hunt-and-gilbert-strike-gold-for-city-1-61279">"Rowing: Hunt and Gilbert strike gold for City"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033936/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/rowing-hunt-and-gilbert-strike-gold-for-city-1-61279">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 7 February 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070813151804/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-10916">The Story Behind The Return of The Great Eastern Run</a> Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 30 September 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughspeedway.net/index.php?module=htmlpages&func=display&pid=15">Club Honours</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080423204442/http://www.peterboroughspeedway.net/index.php?module=htmlpages&func=display&pid=15">Archived</a> 23 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough Speedway Showcase (Retrieved 19 March 2008). </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBull2015" class="citation news cs1">Bull, Nick (14 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/racing/british-racing/2014-pearl-izumi-tour-series-schedule-114887">"Is this the 2014 Pearl Izumi Tour Series schedule?"</a>. Cycling Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716074209/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/racing/british-racing/2014-pearl-izumi-tour-series-schedule-114887">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cycling+Weekly&rft.atitle=Is+this+the+2014+Pearl+Izumi+Tour+Series+schedule%3F&rft.date=2015-02-14&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclingweekly.co.uk%2Fracing%2Fbritish-racing%2F2014-pearl-izumi-tour-series-schedule-114887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/article/20150226-road-Details-of-venues-and-teams-for-the-2015-Pearl-Izumi-Tour-Series-announced-0">"2015 Tour Series dates announced"</a>. British Cycling. 26 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716061959/https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/article/20150226-road-Details-of-venues-and-teams-for-the-2015-Pearl-Izumi-Tour-Series-announced-0">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+Tour+Series+dates+announced&rft.pub=British+Cycling&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishcycling.org.uk%2Farticle%2F20150226-road-Details-of-venues-and-teams-for-the-2015-Pearl-Izumi-Tour-Series-announced-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icehockeyreview.co.uk/2017/03/bandy-try-it-session-at-planet-ice.html">"Bandy "Try It" Session at Planet Ice Peterborough, Sunday 19th March"</a>. Ice Hockey Review. 11 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116130525/http://www.icehockeyreview.co.uk/2017/03/bandy-try-it-session-at-planet-ice.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bandy+%22Try+It%22+Session+at+Planet+Ice+Peterborough%2C+Sunday+19th+March&rft.pub=Ice+Hockey+Review&rft.date=2017-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icehockeyreview.co.uk%2F2017%2F03%2Fbandy-try-it-session-at-planet-ice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emmacatherinesport.wordpress.com/2018/06/28/bandy-a-guide-to-peterboroughs-newest-and-coolest-sport/">"Bandy: A guide to Peterborough's newest and coolest sport…"</a>. 28 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211248/https://emmacatherinesport.wordpress.com/2018/06/28/bandy-a-guide-to-peterboroughs-newest-and-coolest-sport/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bandy%3A+A+guide+to+Peterborough%27s+newest+and+coolest+sport%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femmacatherinesport.wordpress.com%2F2018%2F06%2F28%2Fbandy-a-guide-to-peterboroughs-newest-and-coolest-sport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p0bxxpyx">Britain in the Bandy World Championships</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cambridgeshire/3970807.stm">"Mast fire 'could be deliberate'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221022448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cambridgeshire/3970807.stm">Archived</a> 21 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News Online, 1 November 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/fire_mast_blaze_brings_radio_blackout_1_152228">"Fire: Mast blaze brings radio blackout"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033731/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/fire_mast_blaze_brings_radio_blackout_1_152228">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 1 November 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/rau/newsroom/news-release/01/pr161.htm">Radio Authority awards local digital multiplex licence for Peterborough</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014005055/http://ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/rau/newsroom/news-release/01/pr161.htm">Archived</a> 14 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Authority">Radio Authority</a>, News Release 161/01, 9 November 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/salaam-radio-goes-on-air-1-7469044">"Salaam radio goes on air"</a>. peterboroughtoday.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025122/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/salaam-radio-goes-on-air-1-7469044">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peterboroughtoday.co.uk&rft.atitle=Salaam+radio+goes+on+air&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fsalaam-radio-goes-on-air-1-7469044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/whats-on/new-peterborough-radio-station-to-hit-the-airwaves-on-good-friday-1-7909600">"New Peterborough radio station to hit the airwaves on Good Friday"</a>. peterboroughtoday.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415104820/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/whats-on/new-peterborough-radio-station-to-hit-the-airwaves-on-good-friday-1-7909600">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peterboroughtoday.co.uk&rft.atitle=New+Peterborough+radio+station+to+hit+the+airwaves+on+Good+Friday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Fnew-peterborough-radio-station-to-hit-the-airwaves-on-good-friday-1-7909600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Lawrence, Kev <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/opinion/columnists/kev-lawrence-goodbye-hereward-radio-1-122609">"Goodbye Hereward Radio"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121195038/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/opinion/columnists/kev-lawrence-goodbye-hereward-radio-1-122609">Archived</a> 21 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 6 January 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Uren, Adam <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/what-s-on/latest-leisure-lifestyle/heart-fm-to-leave-city-and-go-to-cambridge-1-3061338">"Heart FM to leave city and go to Cambridge"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121200803/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/what-s-on/latest-leisure-lifestyle/heart-fm-to-leave-city-and-go-to-cambridge-1-3061338">Archived</a> 21 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 16 September 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Clarkson, Stuart <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiotoday.co.uk/2011/09/heart-cambridgeshire-to-leave-peterborough/">"Heart Cambridgeshire to leave Peterborough"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908154239/http://radiotoday.co.uk/2011/09/heart-cambridgeshire-to-leave-peterborough/">Archived</a> 8 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RadioToday, 19 September 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070817043330/http://www.trinitymirror.com/brands/regionals/midlands/mwm/">Midland Weekly Media</a> Trinity Mirror (Retrieved 18 September 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Newton, David Men of Mark: Makers of East Midland Allied Press Emap, Peterborough, 1977. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Walton, Jemma <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/part_2_fen_men_to_the_marrow_who_have_served_us_down_through_the_years_1_79675">"Part 2: 'Fen men to the marrow' who have served us down through the years"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622034025/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/part_2_fen_men_to_the_marrow_who_have_served_us_down_through_the_years_1_79675">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 14 June 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/peterborough-on-the-big-screen-1-101029">"Peterborough on the big screen"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902132538/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/peterborough-on-the-big-screen-1-101029">Archived</a> 2 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 13 June 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/in-pictures-hollywood-stars-steam-into-peterborough-1-118781">"Nene Valley Railway used for filming of Nine"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902132559/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/in-pictures-hollywood-stars-steam-into-peterborough-1-118781">Archived</a> 2 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 7 November 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Skinner, Julia (with particular reference to the work of Robert Cook) Did You Know? Peterborough: A Miscellany (pp.33, 25 & 16) The Francis Frith Collection, Salisbury, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritageexplorer.org.uk/web/he/searchdetail.aspx?id=7659&crit=semi">Heritage Explorer: Images for Learning</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] National Monuments Record, English Heritage (Retrieved 4 July 2010). </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051221040643/http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/downloads/GreenFlagAwardWinnersBrochure.pdf">Green Flag Award Winners</a> (p.13) The Civic Trust, 21 July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterborough.net/civicsociety/index.asp">Peterborough Civic Society</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070908010721/http://www.peterborough.net/civicsociety/index.asp">Archived</a> 8 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> is registered with the Civic Trust. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/pdf/CD043_Buildings_of_Local_Importance_in_Peterborough_March_2013_web.pdf">Buildings of Local Importance in Peterborough</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031214710/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/pdf/CD043_Buildings_of_Local_Importance_in_Peterborough_March_2013_web.pdf">Archived</a> 31 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (p. 88) Peterborough City Council, March 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Brandon and Knight (pp.111–112). </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Grainger, Margaret A Descriptive Catalogue of the John Clare Collection Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery, 1973. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Leatham, Victoria Burghley: The Life of a Great House The Herbert Press, London, 1992. See also Becker, Alida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEEDC1639F934A15751C1A964958260">"This Old House"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014214059/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEEDC1639F934A15751C1A964958260">Archived</a> 14 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (review of Life at Burghley: Restoring One of England's Great Houses by the same author), The New York Times, 27 December 1992. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Turner_(garden_designer)" title="Roger Turner (garden designer)">Turner, Roger</a> Capability Brown and the Eighteenth Century English Landscape (pp.110–112) Phillimore & Co., Chichester, 1999. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-5807">Wentworth-Fitzwilliam family of Milton</a> Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 22 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070916115959/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-5807">Archived</a> 16 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarecottage.org">Welcome to John Clare Cottage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521224643/http://www.clarecottage.org/">Archived</a> 21 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> John Clare Trust (Retrieved 21 April 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> Salter, Mike The Castles of East Anglia (p.21) Folly Publications, Malvern, 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> Brandon and Knight (p.17). </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Pryor" title="Francis Pryor">Pryor, Francis</a> Flag Fen: Life and Death of a Prehistoric Landscape Tempus Publishing, Stroud, 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> Rhodes, John The Nene Valley Railway, Turntable Publications, Sheffield, 1976. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://changingplaces.urbed.com/cgi-bin/main.cgi?org_code=87uytrsqp0gtgtgtgy&option=article&doc_id=238">Changing Places: Case Studies of the Urban Renaissance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060127/http://changingplaces.urbed.com/cgi-bin/main.cgi?org_code=87uytrsqp0gtgtgtgy&option=article&doc_id=238">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Urban and Economic Development Group (Retrieved 2 May 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/26329A43-D6EC-4B36-BAC2-E9F10A14A96C/0/SoutheyWood.pdf">Woodland Wildlife Walk: Southey Wood</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626132917/http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/26329A43-D6EC-4B36-BAC2-E9F10A14A96C/0/SoutheyWood.pdf">Archived</a> 26 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cambridgeshire County Council, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-nature.org.uk/about/teams/team_photo/CastorHanglands2.pdf">Castor Hanglands NNR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611014922/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/about/teams/team_photo/CastorHanglands2.pdf">Archived</a> 11 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/English_Nature" title="English Nature">English Nature</a>, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> Barkham, John <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3038022">Review of</a> Bedford Purlieus: Its History, Ecology and Management by George Frederick Peterken and Robert Colin Welch (eds.) Journal of Biogeography, vol.3 no.3 (pp.322–323) September 1976. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-nature.org.uk/about/teams/team_photo/BarnackleafletAW.pdf">Barnack Hills and Holes NNR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626132912/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/about/teams/team_photo/BarnackleafletAW.pdf">Archived</a> 26 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/English_Nature" title="English Nature">English Nature</a>, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-5792">Cecil Family, Marquess of Exeter</a> Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 22 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070916115959/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/page-5792">Archived</a> 16 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/JBAA./0111//0000064.000.html">Obituary of George Eric Deacon Alcock</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014031857/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/JBAA./0111/0000064.000.html">Archived</a> 14 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol.111 no.2 (pp.64–66) February 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> Robinson, Eric H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5441?docPos=2">Clare, John (1793–1864)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116172138/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5441?docPos=2">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F5441">10.1093/ref:odnb/5441</a>. 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Retrieved 10 September 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> O'Connor, Barry <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/13281?docPos=9">Hill, Sir John (bap. 1714, d. 1775)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116185728/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/13281?docPos=9">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F13281">10.1093/ref:odnb/13281</a>. Retrieved 30 September 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> Cole, Margaret <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33995">Horrabin, James Francis (1884–1962)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116172214/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33995">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (rev. Amanda L. Capern) <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F33995">10.1093/ref:odnb/33995</a>. Retrieved 6 October 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Parkin, Jon <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/6887?docPos=1">Cumberland, Richard (1632–1718)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116185706/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6887?docPos=1">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F6887">10.1093/ref:odnb/6887</a>. Retrieved 30 September 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> Daunton, Claire <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/32330">Cavell, Edith Louisa (1865–1915)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116185713/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32330">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F32330">10.1093/ref:odnb/32330</a>. Retrieved 30 April 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed2005" class="citation web cs1">Reed, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timetravel-britain.com/articles/churches/scarlett.shtml">"Old Scarlett: The Gravedigger of Peterborough"</a>. timetravel-britain.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817220124/https://timetravel-britain.com/articles/churches/scarlett.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timetravel-britain.com&rft.atitle=Old+Scarlett%3A+The+Gravedigger+of+Peterborough&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timetravel-britain.com%2Farticles%2Fchurches%2Fscarlett.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Mellows, William Thomas (ed.) The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (p.41) Peterborough Natural History, Scientific and Archæological Society, 1941. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/homilies/1970/documents/hf_p-vi_hom_19701025_it.html">Canonizzazione di Quaranta Martiri dell’Inghilterra e del Galles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204112311/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/homilies/1970/documents/hf_p-vi_hom_19701025_it.html">Archived</a> 4 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Omelia del Santo Padre Paolo VI The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, 25 October 1970. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stoker" title="Richard Stoker">Stoker, Richard</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/54713?docPos=4">Armstrong, Sir Thomas Henry Wait (1898–1994)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116185702/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54713?docPos=4">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F54713">10.1093/ref:odnb/54713</a>. Retrieved 24 April 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/music/gigs/erasure_interview.shtml">"Erasure uncovered in Norwich"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614052122/http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/music/gigs/erasure_interview.shtml">Archived</a> 14 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News Online, 10 February 2003. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vinylvulture.co.uk/features/bb_funk2.php">The Barry Forgie Orchestra</a> Vinyl Vulture (Retrieved 24 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070416115959/http://www.vinylvulture.co.uk/features/bb_funk2.php">Archived</a> 16 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Voce, Steve <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article1164544.ece">"Obituary of Gordon Douglas Lusher"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930195958/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article1164544.ece">Archived</a> 30 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Independent, London, 7 July 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0629417/bio">Biography of Paul Nicholas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220091900/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0629417/bio">Archived</a> 20 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a> (Retrieved 24 April 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Montalbano, Dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/author-in-a-spot-of-bother-for-horrible-view-of-peterborough-414064.html">"The city of Hereward the Wake"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821154343/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/author-in-a-spot-of-bother-for-horrible-view-of-peterborough-414064.html">Archived</a> 21 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Independent, London, 31 August 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/newsspecialreports/X-Factor-Aston-Merrygold-and.4632607.jp">"X Factor: Aston Merrygold and The JLS journey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218065826/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/newsspecialreports/X-Factor-Aston-Merrygold-and.4632607.jp">Archived</a> 18 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 27 October 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> Patrick, Neil <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/18/edmund-hockridge">"Obituary of Edmund Hockridge: Canadian actor and singer whose life story read like the script of a musical"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927194456/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/18/edmund-hockridge">Archived</a> 27 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, London and Manchester, 18 March 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs,_S.2011" class="citation news cs1">Briggs, S. (1 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235250/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/local/tributes_how_sir_jimmy_savile_fixed_it_for_good_causes_in_peterborough_1_3201036">"Tributes: How Sir Jimmy Savile fixed it for good causes in Peterborough"</a>. Peterborough Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/local/tributes_how_sir_jimmy_savile_fixed_it_for_good_causes_in_peterborough_1_3201036">the original</a> on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peterborough+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tributes%3A+How+Sir+Jimmy+Savile+fixed+it+for+good+causes+in+Peterborough&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.au=Briggs%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Ftributes_how_sir_jimmy_savile_fixed_it_for_good_causes_in_peterborough_1_3201036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728073248/http://www.imdc.com/name/nm0001490/?ref_=tt_ov_dr">"Adrian Lyne, IMDb"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imdc.com/name/nm0001490/?ref_=tt_ov_dr">the original</a> on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adrian+Lyne%2C+IMDb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdc.com%2Fname%2Fnm0001490%2F%3Fref_%3Dtt_ov_dr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> Reinis, Nick <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/features/Luke-lands-a-skate-role.4904282.jp">"Luke lands a skate role in E4's Skins"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090203065432/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/features/Luke-lands-a-skate-role.4904282.jp">Archived</a> 3 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 22 January 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-112901120">"Inside out: Health Check – Sarah Cawood (Features)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728073252/https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-112901120/inside-out-health-check-sarah-cawood">Archived</a> 28 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Liverpool Daily Post, 3 February 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913004916/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/features/Peterborough39s-famous-faces.5520490.jp?articlepage=2">"Peterborough's famous faces"</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 4 August 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> Kirby, Terry <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1222816.ece">"Author in a Spot of Bother for 'horrible' view of Peterborough"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070520181900/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1222816.ece">Archived</a> 20 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Independent, London, 31 August 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> Pearson, Mark <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brianjford.com/ab05eta.htm">"Teaching via the Internet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014023021/http://brianjford.com/ab05eta.htm">Archived</a> 14 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 7 October 2005 (facsimile of p.23 from the Brian J. Ford Website. Retrieved 24 April 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Muir, Jonny <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120912000632/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/features/Five-are-honoured-with-freedom.3256706.jp">"Five are honoured with freedom nominations"</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 4 October 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910042049/http://www.eafa.org.uk/catalogue/5229">"Terry Wiles: Man's Estate – a BBC East documentary from 1980 profiling the life of thalidomide sufferer Terry Wiles – East Anglian Film Archive"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eafa.org.uk/catalogue/5229">the original</a> on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terry+Wiles%3A+Man%27s+Estate+%E2%80%93+a+BBC+East+documentary+from+1980+profiling+the+life+of+thalidomide+sufferer+Terry+Wiles+%E2%80%93+East+Anglian+Film+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eafa.org.uk%2Fcatalogue%2F5229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrywiles.20m.com/">"The Terry Wiles Website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615055422/http://www.terrywiles.20m.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Terry+Wiles+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrywiles.20m.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soccernet-akamai.espn.go.com/players/profile?id=23602&cc=4716">Profile for David Bentley</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013135522/http://soccernet-akamai.espn.go.com/players/profile?id=23602&cc=4716">Archived</a> 13 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ESPNsoccernet (Retrieved 27 May 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/gymnastics/7566647.stm">"Smith wins historic bronze for GB"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080818052033/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/gymnastics/7566647.stm">Archived</a> 18 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News Online, 17 August 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/23537">"Izzy Brown"</a>. Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 26 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barry+Hugman%27s+Footballers&rft.atitle=Izzy+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbarryhugmansfootballers.com%2Fplayer%2F23537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> Brown, Chris <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/environment/policy/Env_Report_1998.htm">State of the Environment Report 1998</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080907032549/http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/environment/policy/Env_Report_1998.htm">Archived</a> 7 September 2008 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> Chapter 11: Physical Background (pp.305–306) Cambridgeshire County Council (Retrieved 19 July 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03462&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2019&mes=07&day=25&hora=18">"Synop reports summary"</a>. Ogimet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728073251/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03462&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2019&mes=07&day=25&hora=18">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Synop+reports+summary&rft.pub=Ogimet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogimet.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgsynres%3Flang%3Den%26ind%3D03462%26decoded%3Dyes%26ndays%3D2%26ano%3D2019%26mes%3D07%26day%3D25%26hora%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Wittering/02-2012/34620.htm">"2012 Temperature"</a>. Tutiempo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606235239/http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Wittering/02-2012/34620.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+Temperature&rft.pub=Tutiempo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutiempo.net%2Fen%2FClimate%2FWittering%2F02-2012%2F34620.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Met_Averages-218"><a href="#cite_ref-Met_Averages_218-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcrem99cb">"Wittering 1991–2020 averages"</a>. Met Office. Retrieved 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wittering+1991%E2%80%932020+averages&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fpublic%2Fweather%2Fclimate%2Fgcrem99cb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173843/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php">"Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature"</a>. Starlings Roost Weather. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php">the original</a> on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Extreme+Maximum+Temperature&rft.pub=Starlings+Roost+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarlingsroost.ddns.net%2Fweather%2Fukobs%2Ftemp_month_record_tmax_map.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173844/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php">"Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature"</a>. Starlings Roost Weather. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php">the original</a> on 1 February 2023. 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href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Guardian, 27 October 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> Broadberry, Stephen et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/sbroadberry/wp/agricenglandmedieval.pdf">English Agricultural Output 1250–1450: Some Preliminary Estimates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706112448/http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/sbroadberry/wp/agricenglandmedieval.pdf">Archived</a> 6 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (p.10) University of Warwick, 27 November 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/161/contents/made">The City of Peterborough (Electoral Changes) Order 2003</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501043447/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/161/contents/made">Archived</a> 1 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (SI 2003/161) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/721/contents/made">The City of Peterborough (Electoral Changes) (Amendment) Order 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501043455/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/721/contents/made">Archived</a> 1 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (SI 2004/721), see <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Committee_for_England" title="Boundary Committee for England">Boundary Committee for England</a> report to the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__documents/lgbce-documents/all-reviews/eastern/cambridgeshire/peterborough-unitary-authority-ua/peterborough_4441-4045__e__.pdf">Final Recommendations on the Future Electoral Arrangements for Peterborough</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430004901/http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__documents/lgbce-documents/all-reviews/eastern/cambridgeshire/peterborough-unitary-authority-ua/peterborough_4441-4045__e__.pdf">Archived</a> 30 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 9 July 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> Clegg, William <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pbc/review_areas/downloads/ACR_Cambs_Peterborough.doc">General Review of Parliamentary Constituency boundaries in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927113505/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pbc/review_areas/downloads/ACR_Cambs_Peterborough.doc">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090517205200/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pbc/review_areas/downloads/ACR_Cambs_Peterborough.doc">archived copy</a> as at 17 May 2009 from the <a href="/wiki/UK_Government_Web_Archive" title="UK Government Web Archive">UK Government Web Archive</a>) Assistant Commissioner's report to the Chairman and Members of the <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Commission_for_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary Commission for England">Boundary Commission for England</a>, 18 March 2004 and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pbc/review_areas/downloads/FR_NR_Cambridgeshire_Peterborough.doc">Final Recommendations for Parliamentary 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koineisation and local dialect differentiation in the English Fenland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927113505/http://www.essex.ac.uk/linguistics/papers/errl_41c.pdf">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Essex Research Reports in Linguistics, vol.41 (pp.74–103) University of Essex, Department of Language and Linguistics, 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/business/business-news/peterborough-s-twin-towns-1-126722">"Peterborough's twin towns"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072304/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/business/business-news/peterborough-s-twin-towns-1-126722">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 11 March 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-299584079/view?sectionId=nla.obj-312100791&partId=nla.obj-300188037#page/n62/mode/1up">"English Town Calls Up Ballarat"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=thecourier.com.au&rft.atitle=Voice+of+friendship+from+%27Old+Country%27&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecourier.com.au%2Fstory%2F509039%2Fvoice-of-friendship-from-old-country%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archant_twinning-231"><a href="#cite_ref-Archant_twinning_231-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns"</a>. Archant Community Media Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft.atitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.peterborough.gov.uk/community_information/international_links.aspx">International Links</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141107150315/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/community_information/international_links.aspx">Archived</a> 7 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 22 April 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitpeterborough.com/information/town-twinning.aspx">Town Twinning</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190315183626/http://www.visitpeterborough.com/information/town-twinning.aspx">Archived</a> 15 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Visit Peterborough (Retrieved 22 April 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150422174539/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/40year-twinning-relationship-Cambridgeshire-German-region-Kreis-Viersen-fallen-victim-spending-cuts/story-22365047-detail/story.html">"How 40-year twinning relationship between Cambridgeshire and German region of Kreis Viersen has fallen victim to spending cuts"</a>, Cambridge News, 18 November 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReesUnderwood2008" class="citation journal cs1">Rees, Jan; Underwood, Charlie J. 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Palaeontology. 51 (1): 117–147. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Palgy..51..117R">2008Palgy..51..117R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2007.00737.x">10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00737.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-0239">0031-0239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeontology&rft.atitle=Hybodont+Sharks+of+the+English+Bathonian+and+Callovian+%28Middle+Jurassic%29&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-147&rft.date=2008-01&rft.issn=0031-0239&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2007.00737.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Palgy..51..117R&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Underwood%2C+Charlie+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1475-4983.2007.00737.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-39337044">"Louis Smith in Freedom of City of Peterborough honour"</a>. 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BBC News. 12 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604184310/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-51850500">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Peterborough+United+%27legend%27+Tommy+Robson+awarded+freedom+of+the+city&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cambridgeshire-51850500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/our-region/peterborough/video-freedom-of-the-city-parade-is-great-escape-for-raf-wittering-s-100th-anniversary-1-7584566">"VIDEO: Freedom of the City parade is 'Great Escape' for RAF Wittering's 100th anniversary"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161003104907/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/our-region/peterborough/video-freedom-of-the-city-parade-is-great-escape-for-raf-wittering-s-100th-anniversary-1-7584566">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VIDEO%3A+Freedom+of+the+City+parade+is+%27Great+Escape%27+for+RAF+Wittering%27s+100th+anniversary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Four-region%2Fpeterborough%2Fvideo-freedom-of-the-city-parade-is-great-escape-for-raf-wittering-s-100th-anniversary-1-7584566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003162212/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/anglian_regiment_given_freedom_of_the_city_1_135964">"Anglian regiment given freedom of the city"</a>. Peterborough Telegraph. 25 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/environment/anglian_regiment_given_freedom_of_the_city_1_135964">the original</a> on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peterborough+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Anglian+regiment+given+freedom+of+the+city&rft.date=2009-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fenvironment%2Fanglian_regiment_given_freedom_of_the_city_1_135964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raf.mod.uk/aircadets/news/peterborough-squadron-granted-freedom-of-the-city/">"Peterborough Squadron granted Freedom of the City"</a>. RAF Air Cadets. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522204525/https://www.raf.mod.uk/aircadets/news/peterborough-squadron-granted-freedom-of-the-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAF+Air+Cadets&rft.atitle=Peterborough+Squadron+granted+Freedom+of+the+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raf.mod.uk%2Faircadets%2Fnews%2Fpeterborough-squadron-granted-freedom-of-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207202533/https://www.peterboroughsa.org.uk/freedomofthecity.htm">"The Salvation Army celebrating receipt of Freedom of Peterborough"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterboroughsa.org.uk/freedomofthecity.htm">the original</a> on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Salvation+Army+celebrating+receipt+of+Freedom+of+Peterborough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughsa.org.uk%2Ffreedomofthecity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamy2021" class="citation web cs1">Lamy, Joel (27 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/people/royal-british-legion-receiving-freedom-of-peterborough-is-high-honour-3324631">"Royal British Legion receiving Freedom of Peterborough is 'high honour'"</a>. The Peterborough Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007040042/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/people/royal-british-legion-receiving-freedom-of-peterborough-is-high-honour-3324631">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Peterborough+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Royal+British+Legion+receiving+Freedom+of+Peterborough+is+%27high+honour%27&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft.aulast=Lamy&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterboroughtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Froyal-british-legion-receiving-freedom-of-peterborough-is-high-honour-3324631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterborough" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Banham" title="John Banham">Banham, John</a> Final Recommendations for the Future Local Government of Cambridgeshire HMSO, London, 1994.</li> <li>Banham, John Final Recommendations on the Future Local Government of Basildon & Thurrock, Blackburn & Blackpool, Broxtowe, Gedling & Rushcliffe, Dartford & Gravesham, Gillingham & Rochester upon Medway, Exeter, Gloucester, Halton & Warrington, Huntingdonshire & Peterborough, Northampton, Norwich, Spelthorne and the Wrekin HMSO, London, 1995.</li> <li>Bennett, Jack Arthur Walter Middle English Literature (ed. and completed by Douglas Gray) Oxford University Press, 1986 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-812214-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-812214-4">0-19-812214-4</a>).</li> <li>Brandon, David and Knight, John Peterborough Past: The City and The Soke Phillimore & Co., Chichester, 2001 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86077-184-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86077-184-X">1-86077-184-X</a>).</li> <li>Chisholm, Hugh (ed.) Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 28 vols.) Cambridge University Press, 1911 (text in the public domain).</li> <li>Clark, Cecily (ed.) The Peterborough Chronicle 1070–1154 Oxford University Press, 1958 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-811136-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-811136-3">0-19-811136-3</a>).</li> <li>Colpi, Terry The Italian Factor: The Italian Community in Great Britain Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 1991 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85158-344-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85158-344-0">1-85158-344-0</a>).</li> <li>Davies, Elizabeth et al. Peterborough: A Story of City and Country, People and Places Peterborough City Council and Pitkin Unichrome, 2001 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84165-050-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84165-050-1">1-84165-050-1</a>).</li> <li>Garmonsway, George Norman (trans.) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1972 & 1975 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-460-87038-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-460-87038-6">0-460-87038-6</a>).</li> <li>Grainger, Margaret A Descriptive Catalogue of the John Clare Collection Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery, 1973 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904108-00-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-904108-00-7">0-904108-00-7</a>).</li> <li>Hancock, Henry Drummond Report and Proposals for the East Midlands General Review Area (LGCE Report No.3) HMSO, London, 1961.</li> <li>Hancock, Henry Drummond Report and Proposals for the Lincolnshire and East Anglia General Review Area (LGCE Report No.9) HMSO, London, 1965.</li> <li>Hancock, Tom Greater Peterborough Master Plan Peterborough Development Corporation, 1971.</li> <li>Ingram, James Henry (trans.) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1823 (1847 Everyman's Library ed. with additional readings from the translation of <a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Giles" title="John Allen Giles">John Allen Giles</a>).</li> <li>King, Richard John Handbook to the Cathedrals of England John Murray, London, 1862.</li> <li>Labrum, Edward A. Civil Engineering Heritage: Eastern and Central England Thomas Telford, London, 1994 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7277-1970-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7277-1970-X">0-7277-1970-X</a>).</li> <li>Leatham, Victoria Burghley: The Life of a Great House The Herbert Press, London, 1992 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-871569-47-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-871569-47-8">1-871569-47-8</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Matthew" title="Colin Matthew">Matthew, Henry Colin Gray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Harrison_(historian)" title="Brian Harrison (historian)">Harrison, Brian Howard</a> (eds.) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (60 vols.) Oxford University Press in association with the British Academy, 2004–2006 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861411-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861411-X">0-19-861411-X</a>).</li> <li>Mellows, William Thomas (ed.) The Chronicle of Hugh Candidus a Monk of Peterborough, Oxford University Press, 1949 (scholarly ed. in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>).</li> <li>Mellows, William Thomas (ed.) The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (trans.) Peterborough Natural History, Scientific and Archæological Society, 1941 (popular ed. in English).</li> <li>Newton, David Men of Mark: Makers of East Midland Allied Press Emap, Peterborough, 1977 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9505954-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9505954-0-3">0-9505954-0-3</a>).</li> <li>Parthey, Gustav and Pinder, Moritz (eds.) Itinerarivm Antonini Avgvsti et Hierosolymitanum: ex libris manu scriptis Friederich Nicolaus, Berlin, 1848.</li> <li>Pryor, Francis Flag Fen: Life and Death of a Prehistoric Landscape Tempus Publishing, Stroud, 2005 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2900-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2900-0">0-7524-2900-0</a>).</li> <li>Rhodes, John The Nene Valley Railway Turntable Publications, Sheffield, 1976 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902844-60-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-902844-60-1">0-902844-60-1</a>).</li> <li>Salter, Mike The Castles of East Anglia Folly Publications, Malvern, 2001 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-871731-45-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-871731-45-3">1-871731-45-3</a>).</li> <li>Skinner, Julia (with particular reference to the work of Robert Cook) Did You Know? Peterborough: A Miscellany The Francis Frith Collection, Salisbury, 2006 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84589-263-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84589-263-1">1-84589-263-1</a>).</li> <li>Sweeting, Walter Debenham The Cathedral Church of Peterborough: A Description of its Fabric and a Brief History of the Episcopal See G. Bell & Sons, London, 1898 (1926 reprint of the 2nd ed. of Bell's Cathedrals).</li> <li>Tebbs, Herbert F. Peterborough: A History The Oleander Press, Cambridge, 1979 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900891-30-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-900891-30-0">0-900891-30-0</a>).</li> <li>Turner, Roger Capability Brown and the Eighteenth Century English Landscape Phillimore & Co., Chichester, 1999 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86077-114-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86077-114-9">1-86077-114-9</a>).</li> <li>Youngs, Frederic A. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England (2 vols.) The Offices of the Royal Historical Society, University College London, 1991 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86193-127-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86193-127-0">0-86193-127-0</a>).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterborough&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peterborough" title="Template:Peterborough"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peterborough" title="Template talk:Peterborough"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peterborough" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peterborough"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_City_of_Peterborough" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peterborough</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailsworth" title="Ailsworth">Ailsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainton,_Cambridgeshire" title="Bainton, Cambridgeshire">Bainton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnack" title="Barnack">Barnack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Fen" title="Borough Fen">Borough Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor,_Cambridgeshire" title="Castor, Cambridgeshire">Castor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeping_Gate" title="Deeping Gate">Deeping Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etton,_Cambridgeshire" title="Etton, Cambridgeshire">Etton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye,_Cambridgeshire" title="Eye, Cambridgeshire">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_Green" title="Eye Green">Eye Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinton,_Cambridgeshire" title="Glinton, Cambridgeshire">Glinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helpston" title="Helpston">Helpston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marholm" title="Marholm">Marholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxey,_Cambridgeshire" title="Maxey, Cambridgeshire">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newborough,_Cambridgeshire" title="Newborough, Cambridgeshire">Newborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northborough,_Cambridgeshire" title="Northborough, Cambridgeshire">Northborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peakirk" title="Peakirk">Peakirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southorpe" title="Southorpe">Southorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Without" title="St Martin's Without">St Martin's Without</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton,_Peterborough" title="Sutton, Peterborough">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorney,_Cambridgeshire" title="Thorney, Cambridgeshire">Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornhaugh" title="Thornhaugh">Thornhaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufford,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ufford, Cambridgeshire">Ufford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton,_Peterborough" title="Upton, Peterborough">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wansford,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wansford, Cambridgeshire">Wansford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittering,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wittering, Cambridgeshire">Wittering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wothorpe" title="Wothorpe">Wothorpe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroughby" title="Boroughby">Boroughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton,_Peterborough" title="Bretton, Peterborough">Bretton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogsthorpe" title="Dogsthorpe">Dogsthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastfield,_Peterborough" title="Eastfield, Peterborough">Eastfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastgate,_Peterborough" title="Eastgate, Peterborough">Eastgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengate,_Peterborough" title="Fengate, Peterborough">Fengate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletton" title="Fletton">Fletton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunthorpe,_Peterborough" title="Gunthorpe, Peterborough">Gunthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Peterborough" title="Hampton, Peterborough">The Hamptons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longthorpe" title="Longthorpe">Longthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millfield,_Peterborough" title="Millfield, Peterborough">Millfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherton,_Peterborough" title="Netherton, Peterborough">Netherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Peterborough" title="Newark, Peterborough">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England,_Peterborough" title="New England, Peterborough">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orton,_Peterborough" title="Orton, Peterborough">The Ortons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnwell" title="Parnwell">Parnwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paston,_Peterborough" title="Paston, Peterborough">Paston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensthorpe,_Peterborough" title="Ravensthorpe, Peterborough">Ravensthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanground" title="Stanground">Stanground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton,_Peterborough" title="Walton, Peterborough">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werrington,_Peterborough" title="Werrington, Peterborough">Werrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Town,_Peterborough" title="West Town, Peterborough">West Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Peterborough" title="Westwood, Peterborough">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodston,_Peterborough" title="Woodston, Peterborough">Woodston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery">Peterborough Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burghley_House" title="Burghley House">Burghley House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Hall" title="Milton Hall">Milton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longthorpe_Tower" title="Longthorpe Tower">Longthorpe Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Hall_(Peterborough)" title="Thorpe Hall (Peterborough)">Thorpe Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Fen" title="Flag Fen">Flag Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nene_Valley_Railway" title="Nene Valley Railway">Nene Valley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park,_Peterborough" title="Central Park, Peterborough">Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nene_Park,_Peterborough" title="Nene Park, Peterborough">Nene Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnack_Hills_%26_Holes_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Barnack Hills & Holes National Nature Reserve">Barnack Hills & Holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Purlieus_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Bedford Purlieus National Nature Reserve">Bedford Purlieus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_Hanglands_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Castor Hanglands National Nature Reserve">Castor Hanglands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Lido" title="Peterborough Lido">The Lido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre,_Peterborough" title="Embassy Theatre, Peterborough">Embassy Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorney_Abbey" title="Thorney Abbey">Thorney Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Road_Stadium" title="London Road Stadium">London Road Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clare_Cottage" title="John Clare Cottage">John Clare Cottage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Establishments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Power_Station" title="Peterborough Power Station">Peterborough Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Peterborough" title="HM Prison Peterborough">HMP Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Hospital" title="Peterborough City Hospital">Peterborough City Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Regional_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough Regional College">Peterborough Regional College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_College_Peterborough" title="City College Peterborough">City College Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Centre_Peterborough" title="University Centre Peterborough">University Centre Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Peterborough" title="Anglican Diocese of Peterborough">Anglican Diocese of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensgate_shopping_centre,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensgate shopping centre, United Kingdom">Queensgate shopping centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Peterborough" title="List of schools in Peterborough">Schools in Peterborough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_Peterborough" title="Road transport in Peterborough">Road transport in Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensgate_bus_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensgate bus station">Queensgate bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_railway_station" title="Peterborough railway station">Peterborough railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nene_Viaduct" title="Nene Viaduct">Nene Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Business_Airport" title="Peterborough Business Airport">Peterborough/Conington Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough/Sibson_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough/Sibson Airport">Peterborough/Sibson Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_Dyke" title="Car Dyke">Car Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durobrivae_(Water_Newton)" title="Durobrivae (Water Newton)">Durobrivae (Water Newton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medeshamstede" title="Medeshamstede">Medeshamstede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Chronicle" title="Peterborough Chronicle">Peterborough Chronicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_ware" title="Peterborough ware">Peterborough ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nene_Valley_Colour_Coated_Ware" title="Nene Valley Colour Coated Ware">Nene Valley Colour Coated Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Castle" title="Peterborough Castle">Peterborough Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough" title="Soke of Peterborough">Soke of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Rural_District" title="Peterborough Rural District">Peterborough Rural District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_East_railway_station" title="Peterborough East railway station">Peterborough East railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Rikki_Neave" title="Murder of Rikki Neave">Murder of Rikki Neave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ross_Parker" title="Murder of Ross Parker">Murder of Ross Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_ditch_murders" title="Peterborough ditch murders">Peterborough ditch murders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Cambridgeshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cambridgeshire" title="Template:Cambridgeshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cambridgeshire" title="Template talk:Cambridgeshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cambridgeshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cambridgeshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Cambridgeshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">City of Peterborough</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">City of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cambridgeshire" title="East Cambridgeshire">District of East Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenland_District" title="Fenland District">District of Fenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">District of Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cambridgeshire" title="South Cambridgeshire">District of South Cambridgeshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambourne" title="Cambourne">Cambourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatteris" title="Chatteris">Chatteris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godmanchester" title="Godmanchester">Godmanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon" title="Huntingdon">Huntingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March,_Cambridgeshire" title="March, Cambridgeshire">March</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ramsey, Cambridgeshire">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ives,_Cambridgeshire" title="St Ives, Cambridgeshire">St Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Neots" title="St Neots">St Neots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soham" title="Soham">Soham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittlesey" title="Whittlesey">Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisbech" title="Wisbech">Wisbech</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Cambridgeshire">List of civil parishes in Cambridgeshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Great_Ouse" title="River Great Ouse">Great Ouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Bedford_River" title="Old Bedford River">Old Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford_River" title="New Bedford River">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">Cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Kym" title="River Kym">Kym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lark" title="River Lark">Lark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Little_Ouse" title="River Little Ouse">Little Ouse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">Nene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Suffolk" title="River Stour, Suffolk">Stour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Welland" title="River Welland">Welland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Cambridgeshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cambridgeshire" title="List of places in Cambridgeshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cambridgeshire_settlements_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cambridgeshire settlements by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Cambridgeshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cambridgeshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Cambridgeshire" title="Category:Country houses in Cambridgeshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Cambridgeshire" title="List of churches in Cambridgeshire">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Cambridgeshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in Cambridgeshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cambridgeshire" title="History of Cambridgeshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cambridgeshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_Rotulorum_of_Cambridgeshire" title="Custos Rotulorum of Cambridgeshire">Custodes Rotulorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Cambridgeshire" title="High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Cambridgeshire" title="List of schools in Cambridgeshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Cambridgeshire" title="List of museums in Cambridgeshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ely" title="Diocese of Ely">Diocese of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Peterborough" title="Anglican Diocese of Peterborough">Diocese of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Ely" title="Isle of Ely">Isle of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_and_Isle_of_Ely" title="Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely">Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough" title="Soke of Peterborough">Soke of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_and_Peterborough" title="Huntingdon and Peterborough">Huntingdon and Peterborough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Fens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Fens" title="Template:The Fens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:The_Fens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:The Fens (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Fens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Fens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Fens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">The Fens</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Wash" title="The Wash">The Wash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West and East Fens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh_le_Marsh" title="Burgh le Marsh">Burgh le Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrington,_Lincolnshire" title="Carrington, Lincolnshire">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibsey" title="Sibsey">Sibsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kirkby" title="East Kirkby">East Kirkby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithville" title="Frithville">Frithville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friskney" title="Friskney">Friskney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Point,_Lincolnshire" title="Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire">Gibraltar Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mareham_le_Fen" title="Mareham le Fen">Mareham le Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Leake" title="Old Leake">Old Leake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickford" title="Stickford">Stickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickney,_Lincolnshire" title="Stickney, Lincolnshire">Stickney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skegness" title="Skegness">Skegness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wainfleet_All_Saints" title="Wainfleet All Saints">Wainfleet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holland_Fen" title="Holland Fen">Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wildmore" title="Wildmore">Wildmore</a> Fens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardney" title="Bardney">Bardney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billinghay" title="Billinghay">Billinghay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coningsby" title="Coningsby">Coningsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckington" title="Heckington">Heckington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin,_North_Kesteven" title="Martin, North Kesteven">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metheringham" title="Metheringham">Metheringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_Lincolnshire" title="New York, Lincolnshire">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocton" title="Nocton">Nocton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kyme" title="South Kyme">South Kyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potterhanworth" title="Potterhanworth">Potterhanworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washingborough" title="Washingborough">Washingborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhall_Spa" title="Woodhall Spa">Woodhall Spa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lindsey Level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicker,_Lincolnshire" title="Bicker, Lincolnshire">Bicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billingborough" title="Billingborough">Billingborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donington,_Lincolnshire" title="Donington, Lincolnshire">Donington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunsby" title="Dunsby">Dunsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsby" title="Dowsby">Dowsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosdyke" title="Fosdyke">Fosdyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosberton" title="Gosberton">Gosberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haconby" title="Haconby">Haconby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helpringham" title="Helpringham">Helpringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horbling" title="Horbling">Horbling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirton,_Lincolnshire" title="Kirton, Lincolnshire">Kirton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadring" title="Quadring">Quadring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck,_Lincolnshire" title="Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointon" title="Pointon">Pointon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempringham" title="Sempringham">Sempringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spalding,_Lincolnshire" title="Spalding, Lincolnshire">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutterton" title="Sutterton">Sutterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfleet" title="Surfleet">Surfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaton" title="Swaton">Swaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swineshead,_Lincolnshire" title="Swineshead, Lincolnshire">Swineshead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whaplode Fen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowbit" title="Cowbit">Cowbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Hargate" title="Fleet Hargate">Fleet Hargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedney,_Lincolnshire" title="Gedney, Lincolnshire">Gedney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedney_Drove_End" title="Gedney Drove End">Gedney Drove End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbeach" title="Holbeach">Holbeach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbeach_Hurn" title="Holbeach Hurn">Holbeach Hurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbeach_St_Marks" title="Holbeach St Marks">Holbeach St Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbeach_St_Johns" title="Holbeach St Johns">Holbeach St Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Sutton,_Lincolnshire" title="Long Sutton, Lincolnshire">Long Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutton,_Lincolnshire" title="Lutton, Lincolnshire">Lutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulton,_Lincolnshire" title="Moulton, Lincolnshire">Moulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Bridge" title="Sutton Bridge">Sutton Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_St_James" title="Sutton St James">Sutton St James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston,_Lincolnshire" title="Weston, Lincolnshire">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston_Hills,_Lincolnshire" title="Weston Hills, Lincolnshire">Weston Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaplode" title="Whaplode">Whaplode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bourne and <a href="/wiki/The_Deepings" title="The Deepings">Deeping</a> Fens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baston" title="Baston">Baston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Deeping" title="Market Deeping">Market Deeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeping_St_James" title="Deeping St James">Deeping St James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeping_St_Nicholas" title="Deeping St Nicholas">Deeping St Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hop_Pole" title="Hop Pole">Hop Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langtoft,_Lincolnshire" title="Langtoft, Lincolnshire">Langtoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurlby,_East_Lindsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thurlby, East Lindsey">Thurlby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_End" title="Tongue End">Tongue End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty,_Lincolnshire" title="Twenty, Lincolnshire">Twenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pode_Hole" title="Pode Hole">Pode Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne,_Lincolnshire" title="Bourne, Lincolnshire">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_and_Hanthorpe" title="Morton and Hanthorpe">Morton and Hanthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke,_Lincolnshire" title="Dyke, Lincolnshire">Dyke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crowland" title="Crowland">Crowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedney_Hill" title="Gedney Hill">Gedney Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinton,_Cambridgeshire" title="Glinton, Cambridgeshire">Glinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyhirn" title="Guyhirn">Guyhirn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbeach_Drove" title="Holbeach Drove">Holbeach Drove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverington" title="Leverington">Leverington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorney,_Cambridgeshire" title="Thorney, Cambridgeshire">Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nene_Washes" title="Nene Washes">Nene Washes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northborough,_Cambridgeshire" title="Northborough, Cambridgeshire">Northborough</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_St_Edmund" title="Sutton St Edmund">Sutton St Edmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parson_Drove" title="Parson Drove">Parson Drove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaplode_Drove" title="Whaplode Drove">Whaplode Drove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisbech" title="Wisbech">Wisbech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisbech_St_Mary" title="Wisbech St Mary">Wisbech St Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatteris" title="Chatteris">Chatteris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downham_Market" title="Downham Market">Downham Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver,_Norfolk" title="Denver, Norfolk">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">King's Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March,_Cambridgeshire" title="March, Cambridgeshire">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ramsey, Cambridgeshire">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrington_St_Clement" title="Terrington St Clement">Terrington St Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upwell" title="Upwell">Upwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwell" title="Outwell">Outwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouse_Washes" title="Ouse Washes">Ouse Washes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welney" title="Welney">Welney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaxley,_Cambridgeshire" title="Yaxley, Cambridgeshire">Yaxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpole,_Norfolk" title="Walpole, Norfolk">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiggenhall_St_Germans" title="Wiggenhall St Germans">Wiggenhall St Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittlesey" title="Whittlesey">Whittlesey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burwell,_Cambridgeshire" title="Burwell, Cambridgeshire">Burwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottenham" title="Cottenham">Cottenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddenham,_Cambridgeshire" title="Haddenham, Cambridgeshire">Haddenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleport" title="Littleport">Littleport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretham" title="Stretham">Stretham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soham" title="Soham">Soham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakenheath" title="Lakenheath">Lakenheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildenhall,_Suffolk" title="Mildenhall, Suffolk">Mildenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton-in-the-Isle" title="Sutton-in-the-Isle">Sutton-in-the-Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbeach" title="Waterbeach">Waterbeach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicken,_Cambridgeshire" title="Wicken, Cambridgeshire">Wicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willingham,_Cambridgeshire" title="Willingham, Cambridgeshire">Willingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchford" title="Witchford">Witchford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Great_Ouse" title="River Great Ouse">Great Ouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">Nene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Witham" title="River Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Haven,_Boston" title="The Haven, Boston">Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Welland" title="River Welland">Welland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Glen,_Lincolnshire" title="River Glen, Lincolnshire">Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Little_Ouse" title="River Little Ouse">Little Ouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bedford_River" title="Old Bedford River">Old Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford_River" title="New Bedford River">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lymn" title="River Lymn">Lymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">Cam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Botolph%27s_Church,_Boston" title="St Botolph's Church, Boston">Boston Stump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowland_Abbey" title="Crowland Abbey">Crowland Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Keys_Bridge" title="Cross Keys Bridge">Cross Keys Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogdyke_Pumping_Station" title="Dogdyke Pumping Station">Dogdyke Pumping Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely_Cathedral" title="Ely Cathedral">Ely Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Fen" title="Flag Fen">Flag Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_Engine" title="Pinchbeck Engine">Pinchbeck Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretham_Old_Engine" title="Stretham Old Engine">Stretham Old Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattershall_Castle,_Lincolnshire" title="Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire">Tattershall Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Bridge,_Crowland" title="Trinity Bridge, Crowland">Trinity Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorney_Abbey" title="Thorney Abbey">Thorney Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Abbey" title="Ramsey Abbey">Ramsey Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Settlements_on_the_River_Nene,_Source–_Wash" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:River_Nene" title="Template:River Nene"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:River_Nene" title="Template talk:River Nene"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:River_Nene" title="Special:EditPage/Template:River Nene"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Settlements_on_the_River_Nene,_Source–_Wash" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements on the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a>, Source– <a href="/wiki/The_Wash" title="The Wash">Wash</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badby" title="Badby">Badby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newnham,_Northamptonshire" title="Newnham, Northamptonshire">Newnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodford,_Northamptonshire" title="Dodford, Northamptonshire">Dodford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everdon" title="Everdon">Everdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weedon_Bec" title="Weedon Bec">Weedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flore,_Northamptonshire" title="Flore, Northamptonshire">Flore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nether_Heyford" title="Nether Heyford">Nether Heyford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellingborough" title="Wellingborough">Wellingborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irchester" title="Irchester">Little Irchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrapston" title="Thrapston">Thrapston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldwincle" title="Aldwincle">Aldwincle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittlesey" title="Whittlesey">Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benwick" title="Benwick">Benwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisbech" title="Wisbech">Wisbech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Bridge" title="Sutton Bridge">Sutton Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="British_overseas_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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