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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Conrad J. Lynn</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conrad_lynn_portrait.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Conrad_lynn_portrait.tif/lossy-page1-200px-Conrad_lynn_portrait.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Conrad_lynn_portrait.tif/lossy-page1-300px-Conrad_lynn_portrait.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Conrad_lynn_portrait.tif/lossy-page1-400px-Conrad_lynn_portrait.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2151" data-file-height="2761" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">November 4, 1908<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 16, 1995<span style="display:none">(1995-11-16)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Pomona,_New_York" title="Pomona, New York">Pomona, New York</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_College_of_Law" title="Syracuse University College of Law">Syracuse University College of Law</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Attorney</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Activism</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Mary L. Garretson<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1948; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1950)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Yolanda M. Moreno<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1952)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Joseph Lynn of Augusta, Georgia, and Nellie Irving Lynn of Aiken, South Carolina</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">The Roy Wilkins Civil Rights Award 1990, presented at the 23rd Annual NAACP image Awards</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Conrad Joseph Lynn</b> (November 4, 1908 – November 16, 1995) was an <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> lawyer and activist known for providing legal representation for activists, including many unpopular defendants. Among the causes he supported as a lawyer were civil rights, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican nationalism">Puerto Rican nationalism</a>, and opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">draft</a> during both <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. The controversial defendants he represented included civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Williams" title="Robert F. Williams">Robert F. Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther</a> leader <a href="/wiki/H._Rap_Brown" title="H. Rap Brown">H. Rap Brown</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conrad J. Lynn was born in 1908 in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, to parents who had moved north from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>. His mother was a domestic worker and his father, a Republican, worked as a laborer. When he was a child, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Rockville_Centre,_New_York" title="Rockville Centre, New York">Rockville Centre</a> in Nassau County on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. Lynn attended <a href="/wiki/Law_school" title="Law school">law school</a> at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> on a debating scholarship, in 1932 becoming the first African American to graduate from the <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_College_of_Law" title="Syracuse University College of Law">Syracuse University College of Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a young man in the 1920s and 1930s, he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party">Communist Party</a>, but he was ousted in the late 1930s because he had defied the party by supporting <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidadian</a> oil workers who went on <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> against Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He never rejoined.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirkus_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirkus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years later, the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> was to describe him erroneously as "indiscriminate in support of Communist organizations."<sup id="cite_ref-Guerilla1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guerilla1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_as_a_lawyer_and_activist">Career as a lawyer and activist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career as a lawyer and activist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African-American_civil_rights">African-American civil rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: African-American civil rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1947, Lynn participated in the <a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Reconciliation" title="Journey of Reconciliation">Journey of Reconciliation</a>, a challenge to <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> that later came to be considered the first "freedom ride" of the American civil rights movement; it was a forerunner to the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Rides" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Rides">Freedom Rides</a> of the early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FWHA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FWHA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sixteen civil rights activists, eight of them <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> and eight of them <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a>, boarded <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greyhound Bus">Greyhound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trailways_Transportation_System" title="Trailways Transportation System">Trailways</a> buses and traveled through Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee to bring public attention to the reality of racial segregation and dramatize the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> widespread disregard of the 1946 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> decision <i><a href="/wiki/Irene_Morgan_v._Commonwealth_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia">Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia</a>.</i> This held that the U.S. Constitution barred racial segregation in <a href="/wiki/Interstate_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate commerce">interstate</a> transportation. </p><p>Lynn was the first of the group to be arrested, for sitting in the white section of a Trailways bus departing from <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>. Lynn told the bus driver that the Supreme Court had ruled against segregation on interstate buses, but the driver responded that his employer was Trailways, not the Supreme Court, and he was following Trailways rules. After being released on <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a> in Richmond, Lynn traveled to <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>, where he joined his colleagues on the bus and completed the journey.<sup id="cite_ref-FWHA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FWHA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Lynn became involved in the highly publicized <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> "<a href="/wiki/Kissing_Case" title="Kissing Case">Kissing Case</a>", involving a pair of African-American boys, 7 and 9 years old, who were jailed, prosecuted and convicted of <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, and sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Reform_school" title="Reform school">reform school</a> until age 21 after they playfully kissed (or were kissed by) a <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> girl their age as part of a game.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EleanorShadow_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EleanorShadow-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> (NAACP) could not enlist any of its attorneys to represent the boys and referred the case to Lynn. After learning that the boys had already been convicted and sentenced by a county <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_court" title="Juvenile court">juvenile court</a> judge without having either legal counsel or an opportunity to confront their accusers, as required by the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixth Amendment to the Constitution</a>, Lynn appealed the conviction, but without result. He then contacted former First Lady <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> for assistance; she urged President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> to intervene in the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-EleanorShadow_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EleanorShadow-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of these efforts and international attention that Lynn and others generated for the case, which was embarrassing for the US government, after three months' detention the boys were <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardoned</a> by the governor of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> and released.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Kissing Case" was Lynn's first collaboration with North Carolina civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Williams" title="Robert F. Williams">Robert F. Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, Lynn protested Williams' suspension from the NAACP, and urged the organization to adopt a more "militant program".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lynn later represented Williams as his lawyer during the 1960s, when Williams, who had become increasingly militant, exiled himself in Cuba, China, and Tanzania to escape prosecution in the United States for a charge of <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guerilla2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guerilla2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lynn visited Williams in Cuba. </p><p>In the mid-1960s, Lynn teamed with attorney <a href="/wiki/William_Kunstler" title="William Kunstler">William Kunstler</a> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Six" title="Harlem Six">Harlem Six</a> (six black teenagers) in appealing their murder conviction for robbing a secondhand store and killing one of the store's proprietors.<sup id="cite_ref-NewtonEncyclo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewtonEncyclo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two attorneys believed that the teenagers had been <a href="/wiki/Frameup" title="Frameup">framed</a>. In the appeal filed in 1965, Lynn and Kunstler asked for the convictions to be overturned on the grounds that the Six had not had competent legal counsel for their trial. The convictions were reversed for a different reason – that some trial evidence had been inappropriately admitted. Retrials were ordered, beginning in November 1970, when two of the Six were retried. Lynn and Kunstler revealed their discovery that two prosecution witnesses had committed <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> in the first trial. After the trial concluded, the jury reported that it could not reach a verdict, so the trial was declared a <a href="/wiki/Mistrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistrial">mistrial</a>. After another trial was held, again ending in a mistrial, the defendants were allowed to <a href="/wiki/Plead_guilty" class="mw-redirect" title="Plead guilty">plead guilty</a> to <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a> in exchange for their immediate release from confinement.<sup id="cite_ref-NewtonEncyclo_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewtonEncyclo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_draft">Military draft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military draft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Lynn represented his eldest brother Winfred Lynn in his resistance against the draft. Winfred Lynn refused induction into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> as a protest against the Army's <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a>, telling the government that he would gladly serve in the unsegregated <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a>, but would not serve in the segregated U.S. Army.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WinfredObit_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WinfredObit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conrad Lynn's decision to handle his brother's case was contrary to the advice of civil rights organizations such as the NAACP, which considered support of the U.S. war effort to be in the best interest of African Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU) also refused to take the case, but ACLU attorney <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Garfield_Hays" title="Arthur Garfield Hays">Arthur Garfield Hays</a> participated with Conrad Lynn in Winfred Lynn's defense. Socialist Party leader <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a> and journalist <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Macdonald" title="Dwight Macdonald">Dwight Macdonald</a> led a support effort under the name 'Lynn Committee to End Discrimination in the Armed Forces.' </p><p>Winfred Lynn's case was based on a contention that racial discrimination in the military violated the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1940" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective Service Act of 1940">Selective Service Act of 1940</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals">U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals</a> ruled against Lynn in February 1944, opining that the Selective Service Act's ban on discrimination did not bar segregation, the plaintiffs appealed to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>. In 1945, the Supreme Court denied Winfred Lynn's <a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> request on the grounds that the case was moot because Winfred Lynn (who had been informed by an earlier court ruling that he needed to submit to military induction to keep his case alive) was by then in military service overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Looking back on the case in 1973, Conrad Lynn told a reporter that the legal battle had served "to make the public — particularly the white majority — aware that black people resented segregation as a mark of inferiority" and had helped bring an end to segregation in the Army in 1948 under President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WinfredObit_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WinfredObit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two decades later, in the 1960s, Lynn represented a number of men who resisted the draft due to their opposition to the Vietnam War.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970 he argued the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Gillette_v._United_States" title="Gillette v. United States">Gillette v. United States</a></i> before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>, challenging the constitutionality of the law that limited <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a> status to men who objected to war in general. He did not prevail in that case; the court's ruling in 1971 rejected all three arguments that had been advanced in support of selective conscientious objection.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puerto_Rican_nationalism">Puerto Rican nationalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Puerto Rican nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lynn was a long-time supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalists</a> who sought to gain independence for <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, he successfully defended <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mary_Reynolds" title="Ruth Mary Reynolds">Ruth Mary Reynolds</a> against the charge of collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party">Puerto Rican Nationalist movement</a> in the alleged advocacy of the overthrow the U.S. government.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also represented <a href="/wiki/Lolita_Lebr%C3%B3n" title="Lolita Lebrón">Lolita Lebrón</a>, one of five Puerto Rican nationalists who carried out an <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_shooting_incident_(1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Capitol shooting incident (1954)">attack on the United States House of Representatives</a> in 1954 to publicize the nationalist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MediburnLebron_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MediburnLebron-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that the attack was an act of protest that was justified by "the illegality of the occupation of Puerto Rico by the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-MediburnLebron_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MediburnLebron-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebrón and her four codefendants were convicted and given long prison sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebrón was not released from prison until 1979, when she was granted clemency by President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TIME_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIME-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HUAC">HUAC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: HUAC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lynn was interrogated by the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> (HUAC) in 1963. He speculated that the committee's calling him reflected an effort by them "to frighten integrationists who are more radical than Martin Luther King."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_for_judgeship">Campaign for judgeship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campaign for judgeship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1972 Lynn sought election to a judgeship on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Court of Appeals">New York State Court of Appeals</a>, asserting that there should be a black man on the court, "since 90 percent of all those awaiting trial in state prisons are either black or Puerto Rican."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years">Final years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Final years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conrad Lynn remained engaged as an attorney and activist until a few months before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> activist group <a href="/wiki/Refuse_%26_Resist!" title="Refuse & Resist!">Refuse & Resist!</a> in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second edition of his <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a>, <i>There Is a Fountain: The Autobiography of Conrad Lynn</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1556521669" title="Special:BookSources/978-1556521669">978-1556521669</a>), first released in 1979 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0882080987" title="Special:BookSources/978-0882080987">978-0882080987</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Kirkus_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirkus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published in 1993. </p><p>Lynn resided in <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_New_York" title="Pomona, New York">Pomona, New York</a>, for more than 45 years, where he died peacefully in his sleep on November 16, 1995. He was survived by his wife Yolanda Moreno, three children and several grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conrad Lynn donated his papers to <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, where they are archived in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York City Municipal Archives; New York, New York; Borough: <i>Bronx. License #4654, 20 May 1948.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York City Municipal Archives; New York, New York; Borough: Manhattan, License #32702, 14 Dec 1951.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTobit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarry_Pierre-Pierre1995" class="citation cs2">Garry Pierre-Pierre (November 18, 1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/18/nyregion/conrad-j-lynn-a-veteran-civil-rights-lawyer-is-dead-at-87.html">"Conrad J. Lynn, a Veteran Civil-Rights Lawyer, Is Dead at 87"</a>, <i>New York Times</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Conrad+J.+Lynn%2C+a+Veteran+Civil-Rights+Lawyer%2C+Is+Dead+at+87&rft.date=1995-11-18&rft.au=Garry+Pierre-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F11%2F18%2Fnyregion%2Fconrad-j-lynn-a-veteran-civil-rights-lawyer-is-dead-at-87.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirkus-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirkus_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirkus_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/conrad-lynn/there-is-a-fountain-the-autobiography-of-a-civi/#review">"There Is a Fountain: The Autobiography of a Civil Rights Leader"</a>, <i>Kirkus Reviews</i> (review), c. 1979</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=There+Is+a+Fountain%3A+The+Autobiography+of+a+Civil+Rights+Leader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fconrad-lynn%2Fthere-is-a-fountain-the-autobiography-of-a-civi%2F%23review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guerilla1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guerilla1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/CGSC/CARL/docrepository/HUACUS.pdf"><i>Guerilla Warfare Advocates in the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives, 1968, p. 44</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerilla+Warfare+Advocates+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Committee+on+Un-American+Activities%2C+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=1968&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusacac.army.mil%2Fcac2%2FCGSC%2FCARL%2Fdocrepository%2FHUACUS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FWHA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FWHA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FWHA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430062420/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/road/s19.cfm">"Journey of Reconciliation"</a>, <i>Highway History: The Road to Civil Rights</i>, Federal Highway Administration, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/road/s19.cfm">the original</a> on April 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Highway+History%3A+The+Road+to+Civil+Rights&rft.atitle=Journey+of+Reconciliation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fhighwayhistory%2Froad%2Fs19.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EleanorShadow-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EleanorShadow_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EleanorShadow_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllida_M._Black1996" class="citation book cs1">Allida M. Black (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iLhn1W_IFSsC&pg=PA123"><i>Casting Her Own Shadow: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Shaping of Postwar Liberalism</i></a>. pp. 123–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231104043" title="Special:BookSources/9780231104043"><bdi>9780231104043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Casting+Her+Own+Shadow%3A+Eleanor+Roosevelt+and+the+Shaping+of+Postwar+Liberalism&rft.pages=123-124&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780231104043&rft.au=Allida+M.+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiLhn1W_IFSsC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/04/29/135815465/the-kissing-case-and-the-lives-it-shattered"><i><span></span>'The Kissing Case' And The Lives It Shattered</i></a>, National Public Radio, April 29, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27The+Kissing+Case%27+And+The+Lives+It+Shattered&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F04%2F29%2F135815465%2Fthe-kissing-case-and-the-lives-it-shattered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_B._Tyson2001" class="citation book cs1">Timothy B. Tyson (2001). <i>Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power</i>. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 112–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807849231" title="Special:BookSources/9780807849231"><bdi>9780807849231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radio+Free+Dixie%3A+Robert+F.+Williams+and+the+Roots+of+Black+Power&rft.pages=112-114&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780807849231&rft.au=Timothy+B.+Tyson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyson, page 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guerilla2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guerilla2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/CGSC/CARL/docrepository/HUACUS.pdf"><i>Guerrilla Warfare Advocates in the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives, 1968, p. 24</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerrilla+Warfare+Advocates+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Committee+on+Un-American+Activities%2C+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=1968&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusacac.army.mil%2Fcac2%2FCGSC%2FCARL%2Fdocrepository%2FHUACUS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewtonEncyclo-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewtonEncyclo_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewtonEncyclo_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Newton2007" class="citation cs2">Michael Newton (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPu3GVnde-QC&pg=PA150"><i>The Encyclopedia of American Law enforcement</i></a>, Infobase Publishing, pp. 150–151, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816062904" title="Special:BookSources/9780816062904"><bdi>9780816062904</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+American+Law+enforcement&rft.pages=150-151&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780816062904&rft.au=Michael+Newton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPu3GVnde-QC%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WinfredObit-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WinfredObit_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WinfredObit_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130930140945/http://www.itkowitz.com/mam1965text.php?aid=251">"Winfred Lynn, fought Army bias in '42"</a>, <i>Long Island Press</i>, February 23, 1973, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itkowitz.com/mam1965text.php?aid=251">the original</a> on September 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Press&rft.atitle=Winfred+Lynn%2C+fought+Army+bias+in+%2742&rft.date=1973-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itkowitz.com%2Fmam1965text.php%3Faid%3D251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span>. Retrieved from "Articles of Interest by Jay B. Itkowitz During his Journalism Career", website of Itkowitz and Harwood, Attorneys at Law, March 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_A._Wynn2010" class="citation book cs1">Neil A. Wynn (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanamericane0000wynn"><i>The African American experience during World War II</i></a></span>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanamericane0000wynn/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442200166" title="Special:BookSources/9781442200166"><bdi>9781442200166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+African+American+experience+during+World+War+II&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781442200166&rft.au=Neil+A.+Wynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanamericane0000wynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Lawrence1971" class="citation journal cs1">Ken Lawrence (April 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sojournertruth.net/WAYBDF.pdf">"Thirty Years of Selective Service Reform"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Jackson, Mississippi: Anti-Repression Resource Team<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thirty+Years+of+Selective+Service+Reform&rft.date=1971-04&rft.au=Ken+Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sojournertruth.net%2FWAYBDF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=401&invol=437">Gillette v. United States, 401 U.S. 437 (1971)</a>, findlaw.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConrad_Lynn1956" class="citation cs2">Conrad Lynn (February 1956), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/amersocialist/amersoc_5602-b.htm">"The Southern Negro Stirs"</a>, <i>American Socialist</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Socialist&rft.atitle=The+Southern+Negro+Stirs&rft.date=1956-02&rft.au=Conrad+Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Fhistory%2Fetol%2Fnewspape%2Famersocialist%2Famersoc_5602-b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span>. Retrieved from marxists.org, March 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MediburnLebron-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MediburnLebron_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MediburnLebron_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediaburn.org/Video-Preview.128.0.html?uid=1945"><i>The Defense of Lolita Lebron: An Interview With Conrad Lynn</i></a>, MediaBurn.org, January 1, 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Defense+of+Lolita+Lebron%3A+An+Interview+With+Conrad+Lynn&rft.pub=MediaBurn.org&rft.date=1978-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediaburn.org%2FVideo-Preview.128.0.html%3Fuid%3D1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TIME-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TIME_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016212516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947395,00.html">"We Have Nothing to Repent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 1979-09-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947395,00.html">the original</a> on October 16, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=We+Have+Nothing+to+Repent&rft.date=1979-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C947395%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul S Cowan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1963/5/8/huac-questions-negro-lawyer-in-hearing/">"HUAC Questions Negro Lawyer in Hearing on Cuba Travel Ban," <i>The Harvard Crimson</i>, 8 May 1963. Retrieved May 2010.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://refuseandresist.org/contact/statement.html">Refuse & Resist! Founding Statement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229082841/http://www.refuseandresist.org/contact/statement.html">Archived</a> 2011-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, June 7, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessica_Ullian2009" class="citation cs2">Jessica Ullian (June 22, 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/today/2009/facing-history-letter-by-letter/">"Facing History, Letter by Letter"</a>, <i>BU Today</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BU+Today&rft.atitle=Facing+History%2C+Letter+by+Letter&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft.au=Jessica+Ullian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Ftoday%2F2009%2Ffacing-history-letter-by-letter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConrad+Lynn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="//archive.org/details/conrad-lynn" class="extiw" title="iarchive:conrad-lynn">FBI records on Conrad Lynn</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6t75dn2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&oldid=1238635211">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lynn&oldid=1238635211</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_for_African-American_civil_rights" title="Category:Activists for African-American civil rights">Activists for African-American civil rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_civil_rights_lawyers" 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