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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_of_Iceland's_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_Iceland's_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Founding of Iceland's parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_Iceland's_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_commonwealth_to_foreign_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_commonwealth_to_foreign_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>From commonwealth to foreign rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_commonwealth_to_foreign_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Social centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationalist_symbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalist_symbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nationalist symbol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationalist_symbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related places</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_places-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related places subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culturally_related_places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culturally_related_places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Culturally related places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culturally_related_places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Things_(assemblies)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Things_(assemblies)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Things (assemblies)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Things_(assemblies)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cognate_toponyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cognate_toponyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Cognate toponyms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cognate_toponyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologically_related_places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologically_related_places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Geologically related places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologically_related_places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Trivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Þingvellir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ثينغفيلير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثينغفيلير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinqvedlir" title="Tinqvedlir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tinqvedlir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Taman Nasional Þingvellir – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Taman Nasional Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="থিংভেৎলির – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থিংভেৎলির" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Тынгвелір – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тынгвелір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Тынгвэлір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тынгвэлір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Тингветлир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тингветлир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="دینگوتلیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دینگوتلیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%85%ED%81%AC%EB%B2%A0%ED%8B%80%EB%A6%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="팅크베틀리르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팅크베틀리르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Թինգվեդլիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թինգվեդլիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Тингветлир – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тингветлир" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parco_nazionale_%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Parco nazionale Þingvellir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parco nazionale Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%AA%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A8" title="הפארק הלאומי ת'ינגווטליר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפארק הלאומי ת'ינגווטליר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="თინგველირის ეროვნული პარკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თინგველირის ეროვნული პარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Тингведлир – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тингведлир" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingvedliras_nacion%C4%81lais_parks" title="Tingvedliras nacionālais parks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tingvedliras nacionālais parks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingvedliro_nacionalinis_parkas" title="Tingvedliro nacionalinis parkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tingvedliro nacionalinis parkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir_Nemzeti_Park" title="Þingvellir Nemzeti Park – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Þingvellir Nemzeti Park" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Nazzjonali_ta%27_%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Park Nazzjonali ta' Þingvellir – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Park Nazzjonali ta' Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AB" title="シンクヴェトリル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シンクヴェトリル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir_nasjonalpark" title="Þingvellir nasjonalpark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Þingvellir nasjonalpark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="تھنگفنیلر نیشنل پارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھنگفنیلر نیشنل پارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Тингведлир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тингведлир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%BD_park_%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Národný park Þingvellir – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Národný park Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Тингвелир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тингвелир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir_nationalpark" title="Þingvellir nationalpark – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Þingvellir nationalpark" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Тінгветлір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тінгветлір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Þingvellir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%9Eingvellir&params=64_15_13.7_N_21_2_14.1_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">64°15′13.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">21°2′14.1″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">64.253806°N 21.037250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">64.253806; -21.037250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Site of Iceland's ancient parliament</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Þingvellir National Park</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #CDE5B2;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> II (<a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%9Eingvellir_from_the_information_centre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%C3%9Eingvellir_from_the_information_centre.JPG/284px-%C3%9Eingvellir_from_the_information_centre.JPG" decoding="async" width="284" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%C3%9Eingvellir_from_the_information_centre.JPG/426px-%C3%9Eingvellir_from_the_information_centre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%C3%9Eingvellir_from_the_information_centre.JPG/568px-%C3%9Eingvellir_from_the_information_centre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Þingvellir seen from the information centre</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thingvellir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Thingvellir.jpg/284px-Thingvellir.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Thingvellir.jpg/426px-Thingvellir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Thingvellir.jpg/568px-Thingvellir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2876" data-file-height="1708" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">9,270 ha (35.8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1930<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1930</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-official_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Þingvellir National Park</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region_(Iceland)" title="Southern Region (Iceland)">Southern Region</a>, Iceland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (iii), (vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1152">1152</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2004 (28th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data category"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thingvellir.is/en">www<wbr />.thingvellir<wbr />.is<wbr />/en</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107370#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%9Eingvellir&params=64_15_13.7_N_21_2_14.1_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">64°15′13.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">21°2′14.1″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">64.253806°N 21.037250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">64.253806; -21.037250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iceland_relief_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Þingvellir is located in Iceland"><img alt="Þingvellir is located in Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iceland_relief_map.jpg/250px-Iceland_relief_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iceland_relief_map.jpg/375px-Iceland_relief_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iceland_relief_map.jpg/500px-Iceland_relief_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="851" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.816%;left:33.023%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Þingvellir"><img alt="Þingvellir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Þingvellir in Iceland</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Þingvellir</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Icelandic:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈθiŋkˌvɛtlɪr̥]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/Is-%C3%9Eingvellir.oga\/Is-%C3%9Eingvellir.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Is-\u00deingvellir.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Is-%C3%9Eingvellir.oga/Is-%C3%9Eingvellir.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Is-%C3%9Eingvellir.oga" title="File:Is-Þingvellir.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span>, anglicised as <b>Thingvellir</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Alþing</a>, the annual <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a> of Iceland from the year 930 until the last session held at <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> in 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1881, the parliament has been located within <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingish%C3%BAsi%C3%B0" title="Alþingishúsið">Alþingishúsið</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> is now a <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in the municipality of <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A1sk%C3%B3gabygg%C3%B0" title="Bláskógabyggð">Bláskógabyggð</a></span></span> in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, about 40 km (25 miles) northeast of Iceland's capital, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></span></span>. <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> is a site of historical, cultural, and geological significance, and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Iceland. The park lies in a <a href="/wiki/Rift_valley" title="Rift valley">rift valley</a> that marks the crest of the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Mid-Atlantic Ridge</a> and the boundary between the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Plate">North American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian</a> <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plate">tectonic plates</a>. To its south lies <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eingvallavatn" title="Þingvallavatn">Þingvallavatn</a></span></span>, the largest natural lake in Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-geol_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geol-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> National Park (<span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">þjóðgarðurinn á Þingvöllum</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈθjouðˌkarðʏrɪn<span class="wrap"> </span>au<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈθiŋkˌvœtlʏm]</a></span>) was founded in 1930, marking the 1000th anniversary of the Althing. The park was later expanded to protect the diverse and natural phenomena in the surrounding area and was designated as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2004. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Þingvellir</i></span> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse language">Old Norse</a> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Þingvǫllr</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Old Norse pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="non-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈθiŋɡˌwɔlːz̠]</a></span>), from <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%BEing#Old_Norse" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:þing">þing</a></i></span> (“<a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">thing</a>, assembly”) and <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C7%ABllr#Old_Norse" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:vǫllr">vǫllr</a></i></span> (“field”), meaning <i>assembly fields</i>. Compare the English <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thing" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:thing">thing</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/weald#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:weald">weald</a></i> (“Thingweald”) from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Anglo-Saxon</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%BEing#Old_English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:þing">þing</a></i></span> and <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/weald#Old_English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:weald">weald</a></i></span>. The site takes its name from <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEing" class="mw-redirect" title="Alþing">Alþing</a></i></span> (<i>Althing</i>), the national parliament of Iceland, which was founded at <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> in 930 and held its sessions there until 1798. A <i><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">thing</a></i> was a form of governing assembly found in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> societies, and a tradition that endures to this day in one form or another across <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>. </p><p>Although the name <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Þingvellir</i></span> is plural, the older form <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Þingvǫllr</i></span> is singular, and the modern singular form <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Þingvöllur</i></span> can still be heard. </p><p>The name is most commonly anglicised as <i>Thingvellir</i>, and might appear as <i>Tingvellir</i>, <i>Thingvalla</i> or <i>Tingvalla</i> in other languages. The spelling <i>Pingvellir</i> is also seen, although the letter “p” does not correspond to the letter <a href="/wiki/Thorn_(letter)" title="Thorn (letter)">“þ” (thorn)</a>, which is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[θ]</a></span>, like the <i>th</i> in <i>thirst</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dingwall" title="Dingwall">Dingwall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tingwall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tingwall (disambiguation)">Tingwall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thingwall" title="Thingwall">Thingwall</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinklage" title="Dinklage">Dinklage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tingvoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingvoll">Tingvoll</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> bear names of the same root and meaning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Þingvellir</i></span> became a <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> as a result of legislation passed in 1928 to protect the remains of the parliament site, thus creating the first national park in Iceland. The park was decreed "a protected national shrine for all Icelanders, the perpetual property of the Icelandic nation under the preservation of parliament, never to be sold or mortgaged."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_Iceland's_parliament"><span id="Founding_of_Iceland.27s_parliament"></span>Founding of Iceland's parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founding of Iceland's parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Book of Settlements</a> (<span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Landnámabók</i></span>), the <a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Iceland" title="Settlement of Iceland">settlement of Iceland</a> began in 874, when the Norwegian chieftain <span title="Old Norse-language text"><span lang="non" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr Arnarson</a></span></span> became the first permanent <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian people">Norwegian</a> settler on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next centuries, people of <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> origin settled in Iceland. Early on, district assemblies were formed, but as the population grew, there was a need for a general assembly. The descendants of Ingólfur who dominated the region of southwest Iceland had become the most powerful family in the country, and other chieftains felt a need for a general assembly to limit their power. </p><p><span title="Old Norse-language text"><span lang="non" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADmur_Geitsk%C3%B6r" title="Grímur Geitskör">Grímur Geitskör</a></span></span> was allotted the role of rallying support and finding a suitable location for the assembly. At about the same time, the owner of <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Bláskógar</span></span> (the contemporary name for the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> region) was found guilty of murder. His land was declared public, and then obligated to be used for assembly proceedings, and the building of temporary dwellings, and the forest to be used for kindling and the <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a> of horses. The <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> area was chosen for this reason and its accessibility to the most populous regions of the north, south, and west.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest journey a <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="/wiki/Gothi" title="Gothi">goði</a></i></span> (chieftain) had to travel was 17 days, from the easternmost part of the country where mountains and glacial rivers proved bothersome obstacles.<sup id="cite_ref-Björnsson_1984_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Björnsson_1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foundation of the Icelandic parliament is said to be the founding of the nation of <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, and the first parliamentary proceedings in the summer of 930 laid the ground for a common cultural heritage and national identity. <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> played a central role in the history of the country, and its history runs almost parallel with the history of the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Icelandic Commonwealth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_commonwealth_to_foreign_rule">From commonwealth to foreign rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From commonwealth to foreign rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Special:EditPage/Þingvellir">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra,_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir,_Su%C3%B0urland,_Islandia,_2014-08-16,_DD_055.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG/220px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG/330px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG/440px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption>Snorkeling in the <a href="/wiki/Silfra" title="Silfra">Silfra</a> canyon.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SCUBA_Silfra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/SCUBA_Silfra.jpg/220px-SCUBA_Silfra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/SCUBA_Silfra.jpg/330px-SCUBA_Silfra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/SCUBA_Silfra.jpg/440px-SCUBA_Silfra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diver</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Silfra" title="Silfra">Silfra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Alþingi</a></i></span> (assembly) at <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> was Iceland's supreme legislative and judicial authority from its establishment in 930 until 1271. The <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6gberg" title="Lögberg">Lögberg</a></i></span> or Law Rock was the focal point of the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Alþingi</span></span> and a natural platform for holding speeches. The Lawspeaker, elected for three years at a time, presided over the assembly and recited the law of the land. Before the law was written down, he was expected to recite it from memory on the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Lögberg</span></span> throughout three summers along with the complete assembly procedures every summer. Inauguration and dissolution of the assembly took place at the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Lögberg</span></span>, where rulings made by the Law Council were announced, the calendar was confirmed, legal actions were brought and other announcements made which concerned the entire nation. Anyone attending the assembly was entitled to present his case on important issues from the Lögberg. </p><p>The Law Council served as both parliament and supreme court. Laws were passed and approved there, and rulings were made on points of law. The Law Council appointed members of the Fifth Court (a kind of <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate court</a>) and the Lawspeaker and took part in the election of the bishop. Unlike the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Alþingi</span></span>, the Law Council was a closed body in which only certain people enjoyed full rights: chieftains who held the office of <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">goði</i></span>, their <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Þingmen</i></span> and later also bishops. However, everyone at the assembly was entitled to watch and listen to the Law Council at work. </p><p>From the earliest times until the 15th century, the Law Council met at <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Neðri-Vellir</span></span> on the east bank of <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Öxará</span></span>, but when the river changed its course around 1500, the council was moved to an islet in the river. In 1594, the Law Council was relocated to the foot of the ancient Law Rock, where it remained until the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Alþingi</span></span> was finally transferred from it in 1798. </p><p>The <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Alþingi</span></span> was Iceland's legislative and chief judicial authority for the duration of the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a>, until 1271. Executive power was in the hands of the chieftains and parties to individual cases. This proved to be quite an adequate arrangement for as long as the balance of power remained, but flaws emerged when it was disrupted. </p><p>In the final decades of the Commonwealth, there were clashes between chieftain families, which resulted in Iceland coming under the Norwegian crown. Executive power was strengthened under this new order, while legislative and judicial authority at first remained in the hands of the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Alþingi</span></span>, but was gradually transferred to the Norwegian and later the Danish rulers, until in 1662 when the King of Denmark became the absolute monarch of Iceland. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22%C3%9Eingvellir_in_Iceland%22_-_Apr_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%22%C3%9Eingvellir_in_Iceland%22_-_Apr_2015.jpg/220px-%22%C3%9Eingvellir_in_Iceland%22_-_Apr_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%22%C3%9Eingvellir_in_Iceland%22_-_Apr_2015.jpg/330px-%22%C3%9Eingvellir_in_Iceland%22_-_Apr_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%22%C3%9Eingvellir_in_Iceland%22_-_Apr_2015.jpg/440px-%22%C3%9Eingvellir_in_Iceland%22_-_Apr_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>Þingvellir covered in snow</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_centre">Social centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Social centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely upon a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Talk:Þingvellir">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit">improve this article</a> by introducing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to additional sources at this section.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> was the centre of Icelandic culture. Every year during the Commonwealth period, people would flock to <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> from all over the country, sometimes numbering in the thousands. </p><p>They set up temporary dwellings (<span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">búð</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈpuːθ]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">pl.</a> <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">búðir</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈpuːðɪr̥]</a></span>) with walls of turf and rock and temporary roofing of homespun cloth, and stayed in them for the two weeks of the assembly. There were no permanent buildings on <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> apart from a farm and, later, two churches.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the duties of the assembly were the main reason for going there, ordinary people gathered at <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> for a wide variety of reasons. Merchants, sword-sharpeners, and tanners would sell their goods and services, entertainers performed, and ale-makers brewed drinks for the assembly guests. News was told from distant parts; games and feasts were held. Young people met to make their plans, no less than leading national figures and experts in law. Itinerant farmhands looked for work and vagrants begged. <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> was a meeting place for everyone in Iceland, laying the foundation for the language and literature that have been a prominent part of people's lives right up to the present day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationalist_symbol">Nationalist symbol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nationalist symbol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 19th century, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> emerged as a nationalist symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Icelandic political scientist <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Birgir Hermannsson</span></span>, "Thingvellir can be likened to a church or building which serves as a pilgrimage destination and as a site for the nation-state’s ritual ceremonies."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely upon a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Talk:Þingvellir">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit">improve this article</a> by introducing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to additional sources at this section.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Flosagja,_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir,_Su%C3%B0urland,_Islandia,_2014-08-16,_DD_040.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Flosagja%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_040.JPG/220px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Flosagja%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_040.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Flosagja%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_040.JPG/330px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Flosagja%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_040.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Flosagja%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_040.JPG/440px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Flosagja%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_040.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Flosagja</span></span> canyon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss,_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir,_Su%C3%B0urland,_Islandia,_2014-08-16,_DD_029.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_029.JPG/220px-%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_029.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_029.JPG/330px-%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_029.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_029.JPG/440px-%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_029.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5502" data-file-height="3386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss" title="Öxarárfoss">Öxarárfoss</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> is notable for its unusual <a href="/wiki/Tectonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic">tectonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> environment in a <a href="/wiki/Rift_valley" title="Rift valley">rift valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Continental_drift" title="Continental drift">continental drift</a> between the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Plate">North American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian Plates</a> can be clearly seen in the cracks or <a href="/wiki/Geologic_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic fault">faults</a> which traverse the region, the largest one, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Almannagjá</span></span>, being a veritable canyon. This also causes the often measurable <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the rifts are full of clear water. One, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Nikulásargjá</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈnɪːkʏˌlauːsarˌcauː]</a></span>, was bridged for the occasion of the visit of <a href="/wiki/Frederik_VIII_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik VIII of Denmark">King Frederik VIII of Denmark</a> in 1907. On this occasion, visitors began to throw coins from the bridge into the fissure, a tradition based on European legends.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The bottom has become littered with sparkling coins, and the rift is now better known as <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Peningagjá</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈpɛːniŋkaˌcauː]</a></span>, or "coin fissure". </p><p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> is situated on the northern shore of <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eingvallavatn" title="Þingvallavatn">Þingvallavatn</a></span></span>, the largest natural <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Iceland" title="List of lakes of Iceland">lake of Iceland</a>. The river <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96xar%C3%A1" title="Öxará">Öxará</a></span></span> traverses the national park and forms a waterfall at the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Almannagjá</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈalˌmanːaˌcauː]</a></span>, called <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96xar%C3%A1rfoss" title="Öxarárfoss">Öxarárfoss</a></span></span>. On the lake's northern shore, the <a href="/wiki/Silfra" title="Silfra">Silfra</a> fissure is a popular diving and snorkelling tour location. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Þingvellir</i></span> was designated a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> based on cultural criteria. It may also qualify on geological criteria in the future, as there has been ongoing discussion of a possible "serial transboundary nomination" for the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which would include other sites in the Atlantic such as <a href="/wiki/Pico_Island" title="Pico Island">Pico Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MAR_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAR-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Together with the waterfall <a href="/wiki/Gullfoss" title="Gullfoss">Gullfoss</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">geysers</a> of <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Haukadalur" title="Haukadalur">Haukadalur</a></span></span>, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> is part of a group of the most famous sights of Iceland, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Circle_(Iceland)" title="Golden Circle (Iceland)">Golden Circle</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Special:EditPage/Þingvellir">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_%C3%9Eingvellir.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Painting_of_%C3%9Eingvellir.JPG/209px-Painting_of_%C3%9Eingvellir.JPG" decoding="async" width="209" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Painting_of_%C3%9Eingvellir.JPG/314px-Painting_of_%C3%9Eingvellir.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Painting_of_%C3%9Eingvellir.JPG/418px-Painting_of_%C3%9Eingvellir.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>The painting "From <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span>" by the Icelandic painter Gunnar Gestsson, 1970.</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of its natural environment, Þingvellir has been a subject in the works of several Icelandic painters, including <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3hannes_Sveinsson_Kjarval" title="Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval">Johannes Sveinsson Kjarval</a></span></span> and <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81sgr%C3%ADmur_J%C3%B3nsson" title="Ásgrímur Jónsson">Ásgrímur Jónsson</a></span></span>. The National Gallery of Iceland owns more than 150 paintings by <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Ásgrímur Jónsson</span></span> that have <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> as their subject. <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> grew popular among artists not only for its natural environment but also because it was close to the capital of Iceland, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></span></span> and thus relatively inexpensive to travel there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%9Eingvellir_-_%C3%9Eingvallatn_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%C3%9Eingvellir_-_%C3%9Eingvallatn_map-fr.svg/220px-%C3%9Eingvellir_-_%C3%9Eingvallatn_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%C3%9Eingvellir_-_%C3%9Eingvallatn_map-fr.svg/330px-%C3%9Eingvellir_-_%C3%9Eingvallatn_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%C3%9Eingvellir_-_%C3%9Eingvallatn_map-fr.svg/440px-%C3%9Eingvellir_-_%C3%9Eingvallatn_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the extent of the park.</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span> National Park is popular with tourists and is one of the three key attractions within the famous <a href="/wiki/Golden_Circle_(Iceland)" title="Golden Circle (Iceland)">Golden Circle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a visitor centre, where visitors can obtain an interpretation of the history and nature of <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-VC_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is an information centre near the camping grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-IC_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IC-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are hiking trails, such as the Execution Trail<sup id="cite_ref-ET_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the nearby Leggjabrjótur <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈlɛcːaˌprjouːtʏr̥]</a></span>. Scuba diving has also become popular at <a href="/wiki/Silfra" title="Silfra">Silfra Lake</a> as the continental drift between the tectonic plates made it wide enough for divers to enjoy unparalleled visibility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_places">Related places</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Related places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culturally_related_places">Culturally related places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culturally related places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Things_(assemblies)"><span id="Things_.28assemblies.29"></span>Things (assemblies)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Things (assemblies)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Norwegian-language text"><span lang="no" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gulating" title="Gulating">Gulating</a></span></span>, one of the first <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> legislative assemblies and one of the present-day law courts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Norway" title="Western Norway">western Norway</a>.</li> <li><span title="Swedish-language text"><span lang="sv" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jamtam%C3%B3t" title="Jamtamót">Jamtamót</a></span></span>, the historical legislative assembly of <span title="Swedish-language text"><span lang="sv" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland" title="Jämtland">Jämtland</a></span></span>.</li> <li><span title="Faroese-language text"><span lang="fo" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Løgting</a></span></span>, the parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> and <span title="Faroese-language text"><span lang="fo" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tinganes" title="Tinganes">Tinganes</a></span></span>, the site of the Faroese government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>, the legislature of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>. <i>Tynwald</i> shares the root and meaning of its name with <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Þingvellir</i></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cognate_toponyms">Cognate toponyms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cognate toponyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall" title="Dingwall">Dingwall</a>, a royal burgh in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Scottish Highlands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingwall" title="Thingwall">Thingwall</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Wirral,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirral, England">Wirral, England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a>, a parish in <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>.</li> <li>Tingwall, a hamlet and harbour<sup id="cite_ref-ports_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ports-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thingsites_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thingsites-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingvoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingvoll">Tingvoll</a>, a town in Norway.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingvalla_Township,_Pembina_County,_North_Dakota" title="Thingvalla Township, Pembina County, North Dakota">Thingvalla Township</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, one of that state's earliest Icelandic settlements,<sup id="cite_ref-collections_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collections-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was named in honor of <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-thingvalla_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thingvalla-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geologically_related_places">Geologically related places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geologically related places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gough_and_Inaccessible_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Gough and Inaccessible Islands">Gough and Inaccessible Islands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic">South Atlantic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_Island" title="Pico Island">Pico Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Trivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Thingvalla_Line" title="Thingvalla Line">Thingvalla Line</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> shipping company active between 1879 and 1898, was named after <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;">Þingvellir</span></span>. At its peak, the company had ten ships in its fleet, one of which was named the <a href="/w/index.php?title=S/S_Thingvalla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S/S Thingvalla (page does not exist)">S/S <i>Thingvalla</i></a>, launched in 1873. The company operated four other ships which bore Icelandic names, namely the S/S <i>Geiser</i>, S/S <i>Island</i> and two vessels named S/S <i>Hekla</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crymostygius_thingvallensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Crymostygius thingvallensis">Crymostygius thingvallensis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of subterranean <a href="/wiki/Amphipoda" title="Amphipoda">amphipod</a> <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustacean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the area around <span title="Icelandic-language text"><span lang="is" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eingvallavatn" title="Þingvallavatn">Þingvallavatn</a></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The spelling <i>Pingvellir</i> is sometimes seen, although the letter "p" is unrelated to the letter <a href="/wiki/Thorn_(letter)" title="Thorn (letter)">"þ" (thorn)</a>, which is pronounced as "th".</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-official-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-official_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thingvellir.is/history/national-park-history.aspx">"National Park History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Park+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thingvellir.is%2Fhistory%2Fnational-park-history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europa.eu/youth/is/article/61/4215_en">"A short history of Alþingi - the oldest parliament in the world | European Youth Portal"</a>. <i>europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europa.eu&rft.atitle=A+short+history+of+Al%C3%BEingi+-+the+oldest+parliament+in+the+world+%7C+European+Youth+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Fyouth%2Fis%2Farticle%2F61%2F4215_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.althingi.is/english/about-the-parliament/the-parliament-house/">"The Parliament House"</a>. <i>Alþingi</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al%C3%BEingi&rft.atitle=The+Parliament+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.althingi.is%2Fenglish%2Fabout-the-parliament%2Fthe-parliament-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geol-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-geol_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://notendur.hi.is/oi/geology_of_thingvellir.htm">Geology and Tectonics</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lagasafn. Lög um þjóðgarðinn á Þingvöllum, 2004 nr. 47 1. júní, 1.gr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTomasson1980" class="citation book cs1">Tomasson, Richard F. (1980). <i>Iceland, the first new society</i>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-0913-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-0913-6"><bdi>0-8166-0913-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iceland%2C+the+first+new+society&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8166-0913-6&rft.aulast=Tomasson&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFI._Marc_Carlson" class="citation web cs1">I. Marc Carlson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~Marc-Carlson/history/grontime.html">"History of Medieval Greenland"</a>. Personal.utulsa.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+Greenland&rft.pub=Personal.utulsa.edu&rft.au=I.+Marc+Carlson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.personal.utulsa.edu%2F~Marc-Carlson%2Fhistory%2Fgrontime.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergsteinn Jónsson, Björn Þorsteinsson. <i>Íslands Saga til okkar daga</i>. Reykjavík: Sögufélag, 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Björnsson_1984-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Björnsson_1984_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Björnsson, Björn Th. <i>Þingvellir</i>. Reykjavík: Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjóðs, 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSomervilleMcDonald2013" class="citation book cs1">Somerville, Angus A.; McDonald, Russell Andrew (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NztlgbdqIlUC"><i>The Vikings and Their Age</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442605220" title="Special:BookSources/9781442605220"><bdi>9781442605220</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vikings+and+Their+Age&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781442605220&rft.aulast=Somerville&rft.aufirst=Angus+A.&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Russell+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNztlgbdqIlUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBirgir_Hermannsson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Birgir Hermannsson (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skemman.is/handle/1946/13780">"Hjartastaðurinn : Þingvellir og íslensk þjóðernishyggja"</a>. <i>Bifröst Journal of Social Science</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bifr%C3%B6st+Journal+of+Social+Science&rft.atitle=Hjartasta%C3%B0urinn+%3A+%C3%9Eingvellir+og+%C3%ADslensk+%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0ernishyggja&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Birgir+Hermannsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskemman.is%2Fhandle%2F1946%2F13780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJón_Karl_Helgason2017" class="citation journal cs1">Jón Karl Helgason (Fall 2017). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thingvellir.is%2Fplan-your-visit%2Finformation-centre.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ET-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ET_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travelade.com/iceland/stories/execution-trail-thingvellir-national-park/">"The Execution Trail in Thingvellir National Park"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tingwall%2C+Orkney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thingsites.com%2Fthing-site-profiles%2Ftingwall-orkney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collections-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-collections_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1906" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Sveinbjorn (1906). Libby, Orin Grant (ed.). <i>The Icelandic Settlement of Pembina County</i>. Collections of the State Historical Society of North Dakota. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thingvalla.org&rft.atitle=Thingvalla+History+%28Thingvalla+Lutheran+Church+Memorial%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thingvalla.org%2Fhtml%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_shiplist.asp?co=thing">"The Thingvalla Line"</a>. <i>NorwayHeritage.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NorwayHeritage.com&rft.atitle=The+Thingvalla+Line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norwayheritage.com%2Fp_shiplist.asp%3Fco%3Dthing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Eingvellir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eingvellir&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir_National_Park#Q107370" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Þingvellir National Park">Þingvellir National Park</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thingvellir.is/en">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_of_Iceland" title="Template:National parks of Iceland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_of_Iceland" title="Template talk:National parks of Iceland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_of_Iceland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks of Iceland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_parks_of_Iceland80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Iceland" title="List of national parks of Iceland">National parks of</a> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6fellsj%C3%B6kull" title="Snæfellsjökull">Snæfellsjökull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatnaj%C3%B6kull_National_Park" title="Vatnajökull National Park">Vatnajökull</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Þingvellir</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Iceland"><img alt="Flag of Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/53px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/70px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6kuls%C3%A1rglj%C3%BAfur_National_Park" title="Jökulsárgljúfur National Park">Jökulsárgljúfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skaftafell#Skaftafell_National_Park" title="Skaftafell">Skaftafell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Minister&#039;s_Office257" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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id="Prime_Minister&#039;s_Office257" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Iceland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's Office (Iceland)">Prime Minister's Office</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Headquarters: <b>Stjornarradshusinu vid Laekjartorg, 105 Reykjavik</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigmundur_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_Gunnlaugsson" title="Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson">Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_agencies_in_Iceland" title="Government agencies in Iceland">Agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Office of the Attorney General</li> <li>Office of the Ombudsman for Children</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thingvellir National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107370#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata482" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107370#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata482" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107370#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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