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Methane release from the seafloor has been widespread in the Barents Sea since the last deglaciation, being closely linked to changes in pressure and bottom" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/53954329/Deglacial_bottom_water_warming_intensified_Arctic_methane_seepage_in_the_NW_Barents_Sea" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Deglacial bottom water warming intensified Arctic methane seepage in the NW Barents Sea" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Changes in the Arctic climate-ocean system can rapidly impact carbon cycling and cryosphere. Methane release from the seafloor has been widespread in the Barents Sea since the last deglaciation, being closely linked to changes in pressure and bottom" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/MervynGreaves" /> <meta name="description" content="Changes in the Arctic climate-ocean system can rapidly impact carbon cycling and cryosphere. Methane release from the seafloor has been widespread in the Barents Sea since the last deglaciation, being closely linked to changes in pressure and bottom" /> <title>(PDF) Post-Glacial Bottom Water Warming and Methane</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/53954329/Deglacial_bottom_water_warming_intensified_Arctic_methane_seepage_in_the_NW_Barents_Sea" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739801179000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739801179000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Changes in the Arctic climate-ocean system can rapidly impact carbon cycling and cryosphere. Methane release from the seafloor has been widespread in the Barents Sea since the last deglaciation, being closely linked to changes in pressure and bottom water temperature. Here, we present a post-glacial bottom water temperature record (18,000–0 years before present) based on Mg/Ca in benthic foraminifera from an area where methane seepage occurs and proximal to a former Arctic ice-sheet grounding zone. Coupled ice sheet-hydrate stability modeling shows that phases of extreme bottom water temperature up to 6 °C and associated with inflow of Atlantic Water repeatedly destabilized subsurface hydrates facilitating the release of greenhouse gasses from the seabed. Furthermore, these warming events played an important role in triggering multiple collapses of the marine-based Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet. Future warming of the Atlantic Water could lead to widespread disappearance of gas hydr...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Mervyn Greaves","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MervynGreaves"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-09-29","headline":"Deglacial bottom water warming intensified Arctic methane seepage in the NW Barents Sea","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70551141/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publication":"Communications Earth \u0026 Environment","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70551141/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53954329/Deglacial_bottom_water_warming_intensified_Arctic_methane_seepage_in_the_NW_Barents_Sea"}</script><style 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":53954329,"created_at":"2021-09-29T06:33:11.281-07:00","from_world_paper_id":174639707,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T14:15:21.150-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Changes in the Arctic climate-ocean system can rapidly impact carbon cycling and cryosphere. Methane release from the seafloor has been widespread in the Barents Sea since the last deglaciation, being closely linked to changes in pressure and bottom water temperature. Here, we present a post-glacial bottom water temperature record (18,000–0 years before present) based on Mg/Ca in benthic foraminifera from an area where methane seepage occurs and proximal to a former Arctic ice-sheet grounding zone. Coupled ice sheet-hydrate stability modeling shows that phases of extreme bottom water temperature up to 6 °C and associated with inflow of Atlantic Water repeatedly destabilized subsurface hydrates facilitating the release of greenhouse gasses from the seabed. Furthermore, these warming events played an important role in triggering multiple collapses of the marine-based Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet. Future warming of the Atlantic Water could lead to widespread disappearance of gas hydr...","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","ai_title_tag":"Post-Glacial Bottom Water Warming and Methane","publication_name":"Communications Earth \u0026 Environment"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Deglacial bottom water warming intensified Arctic methane seepage in the NW Barents Sea","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [43260917]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":70551141,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Deglacial bottom water warming intensified Arctic methane seepage in the NW Barents Sea”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/70551141/mini_magick20210929-16434-1pnn8ye.png?1632922917" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Deglacial bottom water warming intensified Arctic methane seepage in the NW Barents Sea</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43260917" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MervynGreaves"><img alt="Profile image of Mervyn Greaves" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Mervyn Greaves</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Communications Earth & Environment</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">9 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 53954329; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Changes in the Arctic climate-ocean system can rapidly impact carbon cycling and cryosphere. Methane release from the seafloor has been widespread in the Barents Sea since the last deglaciation, being closely linked to changes in pressure and bottom water temperature. Here, we present a post-glacial bottom water temperature record (18,000–0 years before present) based on Mg/Ca in benthic foraminifera from an area where methane seepage occurs and proximal to a former Arctic ice-sheet grounding zone. Coupled ice sheet-hydrate stability modeling shows that phases of extreme bottom water temperature up to 6 °C and associated with inflow of Atlantic Water repeatedly destabilized subsurface hydrates facilitating the release of greenhouse gasses from the seabed. Furthermore, these warming events played an important role in triggering multiple collapses of the marine-based Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet. Future warming of the Atlantic Water could lead to widespread disappearance of gas hydr...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":70551141,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/53954329/Deglacial_bottom_water_warming_intensified_Arctic_methane_seepage_in_the_NW_Barents_Sea"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":70551141,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/53954329/Deglacial_bottom_water_warming_intensified_Arctic_methane_seepage_in_the_NW_Barents_Sea"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Knowledge of the timescales of gas hydrate dissociation and subsequent methane release are critical in understanding the impact of marine gas hydrates on the ocean-atmosphere system. Here we report a methane efflux chronology from five sites, at depths of 220-400 m, in the southwest Barents and Norwegian seas where grounded ice sheets led to thickening of the gas hydrate stability zone during the last glaciation. The onset of methane release was coincident with deglaciation-induced pressure release and thinning of the hydrate stability zone. Methane efflux continued for 7-10 kyr, tracking hydrate stability changes controlled by relative sea-level rise, bottom water warming and fluid pathway evolution in response to changing stress fields. The protracted nature of seafloor methane emissions probably attenuated the impact of hydrate dissociation on the climate system.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Timescales of methane seepage on the Norwegian margin following collapse of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet","attachmentId":80675456,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71248584/Timescales_of_methane_seepage_on_the_Norwegian_margin_following_collapse_of_the_Scandinavian_Ice_Sheet","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71248584/Timescales_of_methane_seepage_on_the_Norwegian_margin_following_collapse_of_the_Scandinavian_Ice_Sheet"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="105874361" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105874361/Postglacial_response_of_Arctic_Ocean_gas_hydrates_to_climatic_amelioration">Postglacial response of Arctic Ocean gas hydrates to climatic amelioration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42052291" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreassenKarin">Karin Andreassen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Seafloor methane release due to the thermal dissociation of gas hydrates is pervasive across the continental margins of the Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, there is increasing awareness that shallow hydrate-related methane seeps have appeared due to enhanced warming of Arctic Ocean bottom water during the last century. Although it has been argued that a gas hydrate gun could trigger abrupt climate change, the processes and rates of subsurface/atmospheric natural gas exchange remain uncertain. Here we investigate the dynamics between gas hydrate stability and environmental changes from the height of the last glaciation through to the present day. Using geophysical observations from offshore Svalbard to constrain a coupled ice sheet/gas hydrate model, we identify distinct phases of subglacial methane sequestration and subsequent release on ice sheet retreat that led to the formation of a suite of seafloor domes. Reconstructing the evolution of this dome field, we find that incursions of wa...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Postglacial response of Arctic Ocean gas hydrates to climatic amelioration","attachmentId":105222555,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105874361/Postglacial_response_of_Arctic_Ocean_gas_hydrates_to_climatic_amelioration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105874361/Postglacial_response_of_Arctic_Ocean_gas_hydrates_to_climatic_amelioration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="78574475" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78574475/Rising_Arctic_Ocean_temperatures_cause_gas_hydrate_destabilization_and_ocean_acidification">Rising Arctic Ocean temperatures cause gas hydrate destabilization and ocean acidification</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66989934" href="https://bremen.academia.edu/EBurwicz">E. Burwicz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geophysical Research Letters, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Formed under low temperature-high pressure conditions vast amounts of methane hydrates are considered to be locked up in sediments of continental margins including the Arctic shelf regions[1-3]. Because the Arctic has warmed considerably during the recent decades and because climate models predict accelerated warming if global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise [3], it is debated whether shallow Arctic hydrate deposits could be destabilized in the near future[4, 5]. Methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential about 25 times higher than CO2, could be released from the melting hydrates and enter the water column and atmosphere with uncertain consequences for the environment. In a recent study, we explored Arctic bottom water temperatures and their future evolution projected by a climate model [1]. Predicted bottom water warming is spatially inhomogeneous, with strongest impact on shallow regions affected by Atlantic inflow. Within the next 100 years, the warming affects 25% of shallow and mid-depth regions (water depth < 600 m) containing methane hydrates. We have quantified methane release from melting hydrates using transient models resolving the change in stability zone thickness. Due to slow heat diffusion rates, the change in stability zone thickness over the next 100 years is small and methane release limited. Even if these methane emissions were to reach the atmosphere, their climatic impact would be negligible as a climate model run confirms. However, the released methane, if dissolved into the water column, may contribute to ocean acidification and oxygen depletion in the water column.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rising Arctic Ocean temperatures cause gas hydrate destabilization and ocean acidification","attachmentId":85575698,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78574475/Rising_Arctic_Ocean_temperatures_cause_gas_hydrate_destabilization_and_ocean_acidification","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78574475/Rising_Arctic_Ocean_temperatures_cause_gas_hydrate_destabilization_and_ocean_acidification"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="82633841" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82633841/Modelling_persistent_methane_seepage_offshore_western_Svalbard_since_early_Pleistocene">Modelling persistent methane seepage offshore western Svalbard since early Pleistocene</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42709962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatthiasDaszinnies">Matthias Daszinnies</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent observations of extensive methane release into the oceans and atmosphere have raised concern as to whether rising temperatures across the Arctic could drive rapid destabilization of gas hydrate reservoirs. Here, we report modelling results from hydrate-modulated methane seepage from Vestnesa Ridge, offshore western Svalbard, suggesting that continuous leakage has occurred from the seafloor since the early Pleistocene up until today. Sustained by modelled deep subsurface thermogenic sources of Miocene age, large scale hydrocarbon fluid migration started ~6 million years ago and reached the seafloor some 4 million years later. The modelling results indicate that widespread methane seepage offshore western Svalbard commenced in earnest during early Pleistocene, significantly older than late Holocene as previously reported. We propose that the onset of vertical hydrocarbon migration is the response of rapid burial of potential hydrocarbon sources induced by increased sediment deposition following the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciations, ~2.7 million years ago. From the modelling results we propose that source rock intervals capable of generating hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon reservoirs buried kilometers deep have continuously fueled the gas hydrate system off western Svalbard for the past 2 million years. It is this hydrocarbon system that primarily controls the thermogenic methane fluxes and seepage variability at the seabed over geological times.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modelling persistent methane seepage offshore western Svalbard since early Pleistocene","attachmentId":88276340,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82633841/Modelling_persistent_methane_seepage_offshore_western_Svalbard_since_early_Pleistocene","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82633841/Modelling_persistent_methane_seepage_offshore_western_Svalbard_since_early_Pleistocene"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="105337844" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105337844/Reduced_methane_seepage_from_Arctic_sediments_during_cold_bottom_water_conditions">Reduced methane seepage from Arctic sediments during cold bottom-water conditions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="108397580" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FerreBenedicte">Benedicte Ferre</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature Geoscience, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Large amounts of methane are trapped within gas hydrate in sub-seabed sediments in the Arctic Ocean, and bottom-water warming may induce the release of methane from 2 the seafloor. Yet, the effect of seasonal temperature variations on methane seepage activity remains unknown, as surveys in Arctic seas are mainly conducted in summer. Here, we compare the activity of cold seeps along the gas hydrate stability limit offshore Svalbard during cold (May 2016) and warm (August 2012) seasons. Hydro-acoustic surveys revealed a substantially decreased seepage activity during cold bottom-water conditions, corresponding to a 43 % reduction of total cold seeps and methane release rates compared to warmer conditions. We demonstrate that cold seeps apparently hibernate during cold seasons, when more methane gas becomes trapped in the subseabed sediments. Such a greenhouse gas capacitor increases the potential for methane release during summer months. Seasonal bottom-water temperature variations are common on the Arctic continental shelves. We infer that methane-seep hibernation is a widespread phenomenon that is underappreciated in global methane budgets, leading to overestimates in current calculations. Methane (CH4) is a particularly important trace gas, as its atmospheric concentration has almost tripled since the beginning of industrialisation 1. With an equivalent warming potential that is 32 times higher than that of carbon dioxide 2 , it contributes 16 % to the global greenhouse effect 1 , and has a lifetime of ~12 years in the atmosphere 3. Natural CH4 emissions have diverse origins and vary in space and time 4 , increasing the uncertainty of the contribution of natural sources to the bulk atmospheric CH4 budget. Arctic Ocean sediments host enormous CH4 reservoirs, in the form of free gas, dissolved in pore water, or trapped in permafrost and gas hydrates 5-9. Gas hydrates are stable at low temperature and high pressure 10 , conditions typically found at ≳400 m water depth. They can dissociate if the ambient temperature rises 11 , and there is evidence for large-scale CH4 eruptions due to warming of hydrate-bearing sediments in the geological past 12,13 .</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reduced methane seepage from Arctic sediments during cold bottom-water conditions","attachmentId":104818678,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105337844/Reduced_methane_seepage_from_Arctic_sediments_during_cold_bottom_water_conditions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105337844/Reduced_methane_seepage_from_Arctic_sediments_during_cold_bottom_water_conditions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="41387822" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41387822/Effects_of_climate_change_on_methane_emissions_from_seafloor_sediments_in_the_Arctic_Ocean_A_review">Effects of climate change on methane emissions from seafloor sediments in the Arctic Ocean: A review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2711739" href="https://ocean.academia.edu/IliaOstrovsky">Ilia Ostrovsky</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Large quantities of methane are stored in hydrates and permafrost within shallow marine sediments in the Arctic Ocean. These reservoirs are highly sensitive to climate warming, but the fate of methane released from sediments is uncertain. Here, we review the principal physical and biogeochemical processes that regulate methane fluxes across the seabed, the fate of this methane in the water column, and potential for its release to the atmosphere. We find that, at present, fluxes of dissolved methane are significantly moderated by anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane. If methane fluxes increase then a greater proportion of methane will be transported by advection or in the gas phase, which reduces the efficiency of the methanotrophic sink. Higher freshwater discharge to Arctic shelf seas may increase stratification and inhibit transfer of methane gas to surface waters, although there is some evidence that increased stratification may lead to warming of sub-pycnocline waters, increasing the potential for hydrate dissociation. Loss of sea-ice is likely to increase wind speeds and seaair exchange of methane will consequently increase. Studies of the distribution and cycling of methane beneath and within sea ice are limited, but it seems likely that the sea-air methane flux is higher during melting in seasonally ice-covered regions. Our review reveals that increased observations around especially the anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane, bubble transport, and the effects of ice cover, are required to fully understand the linkages and feedback pathways between climate warming and release of methane from marine sediments.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of climate change on methane emissions from seafloor sediments in the Arctic Ocean: A review","attachmentId":61580314,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41387822/Effects_of_climate_change_on_methane_emissions_from_seafloor_sediments_in_the_Arctic_Ocean_A_review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41387822/Effects_of_climate_change_on_methane_emissions_from_seafloor_sediments_in_the_Arctic_Ocean_A_review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="108297731" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108297731/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_and_lt_sup_and_gt_13_and_lt_sup_and_gt_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_ka_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic">Carbon isotope (δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 ka in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18099226" href="https://uit.academia.edu/TineLRasmussen">Tine L. Rasmussen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We present results from a sediment core collected from a pockmark field on the Vestnesa Ridge (∼ 80 • N) in the eastern Fram Strait. This is the only deep-water gateway to the Arctic, and one of the northernmost marine gas hydrate provinces in the world. Eight 14 C AMS dating reveals a detailed chronology for the last 14 ka BP. The δ 13 C record measured on the benthic foraminiferal species Cassidulina neoteretis shows two distinct intervals with negative values, as low as −4.37 ‰ in the Bølling-Allerød interstadials and as low as −3.41 ‰ in the early Holocene. After a cleaning procedure designed to remove all authigenic carbonate coatings on benthic foraminiferal tests, the 13 C values are still negative (as low as −2.75 ‰). We have CPD 10, 4191-4227, 2014 Carbon isotope excursions in Fram Strait during the last 14 ka C. Consolaro et al.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Carbon isotope (δ\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;13\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 ka in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic","attachmentId":106718442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108297731/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_and_lt_sup_and_gt_13_and_lt_sup_and_gt_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_ka_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108297731/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_and_lt_sup_and_gt_13_and_lt_sup_and_gt_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_ka_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="48579923" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48579923/Ocean_temperature_variability_for_the_past_60_years_on_the_Norwegian_Svalbard_margin_influences_gas_hydrate_stability_on_human_time_scales">Ocean temperature variability for the past 60 years on the Norwegian-Svalbard margin influences gas hydrate stability on human time scales</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="108397580" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FerreBenedicte">Benedicte Ferre</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The potential impact of future climate change on methane release from oceanic gas hydrates is the subject of much debate. We analyzed World Ocean Database quality controlled data on the Norwegian-Svalbard continental margin from the past 60 years to evaluate the potential effect of ocean temperature variations on continental margin gas hydrate reservoirs. Bottom water temperatures in the Norwegian-Svalbard margin were subject to significant cooling until 1980 (by $2 C offshore NW-Svalbard and in the Barents Sea) followed by a general bottom water temperature increase until 2010 ($0.3 C in deep-water areas offshore NW-Svalbard and mid-Norwegian margin and $2 C in the shallow areas of the Barents Sea and Prins Karls Forland). Bottom water warming in the shallow outer shelf areas triggered the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone (GHSZ) retreat toward upper continental slope areas, potentially increasing methane release due to gas hydrate dissociation. GHSZ responses to temperature changes on human time scales occur exclusively in shallow water and only if near-surface gas hydrates exist. The responses are associated with a short time lag of less than 1 year. Temperatures in the bottom water column seem to be partly regulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), with positive NAO associated with warm phases. However, cooling events in the surface water offshore NW-Svalbard might be associated with El Niño events of 1976-1977, 1986-1987 and 1997-1998 in the Pacific. Such ocean cooling, if long enough, may delay ocean temperature driven gas hydrate dissociation and potential releases of methane to the ocean.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ocean temperature variability for the past 60 years on the Norwegian-Svalbard margin influences gas hydrate stability on human time scales","attachmentId":67118232,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48579923/Ocean_temperature_variability_for_the_past_60_years_on_the_Norwegian_Svalbard_margin_influences_gas_hydrate_stability_on_human_time_scales","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48579923/Ocean_temperature_variability_for_the_past_60_years_on_the_Norwegian_Svalbard_margin_influences_gas_hydrate_stability_on_human_time_scales"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="97185936" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97185936/Dynamic_and_history_of_methane_seepage_in_the_SW_Barents_Sea_new_insights_from_Leirdjupet_Fault_Complex">Dynamic and history of methane seepage in the SW Barents Sea: new insights from Leirdjupet Fault Complex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="258225637" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WaghornKate">Kate Waghorn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Methane emissions from Arctic continental margins are increasing due to the negative effect of global warming on ice sheet and permafrost stability, but dynamics and timescales of seafloor seepage still remain poorly constrained. Here, we examine sediment cores collected from an active seepage area located between 295 and 353 m water depth in the SW Barents Sea, at Leirdjupet Fault Complex. The geochemical composition of hydrocarbon gas in the sediment indicates a mixture of microbial and thermogenic gas, the latter being sourced from underlying Mesozoic formations. Sediment and carbonate geochemistry reveal a long history of methane emissions that started during Late Weichselian deglaciation after 14.5 cal ka BP. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates precipitated due to local gas hydrate destabilization, in turn triggered by an increasing influx of warm Atlantic water and isostatic rebound linked to the retreat of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet. This study has implications for a better ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dynamic and history of methane seepage in the SW Barents Sea: new insights from Leirdjupet Fault Complex","attachmentId":98877190,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97185936/Dynamic_and_history_of_methane_seepage_in_the_SW_Barents_Sea_new_insights_from_Leirdjupet_Fault_Complex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97185936/Dynamic_and_history_of_methane_seepage_in_the_SW_Barents_Sea_new_insights_from_Leirdjupet_Fault_Complex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="108297688" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108297688/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_and_amp_lt_sup_and_amp_gt_13_and_amp_lt_sup_and_amp_gt_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_kyr_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic">Carbon isotope (δ&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 kyr in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18099226" href="https://uit.academia.edu/TineLRasmussen">Tine L. Rasmussen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Climate of The Past, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We present results from a sediment core collected from a pockmark field on the Vestnesa Ridge (∼ 80 • N) in the eastern Fram Strait. This is the only deep-water gateway to the Arctic, and one of the northernmost marine gas hydrate provinces in the world. Eight 14 C AMS dates reveal a detailed chronology for the last 14 ka BP. The δ 13 C record measured on the benthonic foraminiferal species Cassidulina neoteretis shows two distinct intervals with negative values termed carbon isotope excursion (CIE I and CIE II, respectively). The values were as low as −4.37 ‰ in CIE I, correlating with the Bølling-Allerød interstadials, and as low as −3.41 ‰ in CIE II, correlating with the early Holocene. In the Bølling-Allerød interstadials, the planktonic foraminifera also show negative values, probably indicating secondary methane-derived authigenic precipitation affecting the foraminiferal shells. After a cleaning procedure designed to remove authigenic carbonate coatings on benthonic foraminiferal tests from this event, the 13 C values are still negative (as low as −2.75 ‰). The CIE I and CIE II occurred during periods of ocean warming, sea-level rise and increased concentrations of methane (CH 4) in the atmosphere. CIEs with similar timing have been reported from other areas in the North Atlantic, suggesting a regional event. The trigger mechanisms for such regional events remain to be determined. We speculate that sea-level rise and seabed loading due to high sediment supply in combination with increased seismic activity as a result of rapid deglaciation may have triggered the escape of significant amounts of methane to the seafloor and the water column above.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Carbon isotope (δ\u0026amp;lt;sup\u0026amp;gt;13\u0026amp;lt;/sup\u0026amp;gt;C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 kyr in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic","attachmentId":106718473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108297688/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_and_amp_lt_sup_and_amp_gt_13_and_amp_lt_sup_and_amp_gt_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_kyr_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108297688/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_and_amp_lt_sup_and_amp_gt_13_and_amp_lt_sup_and_amp_gt_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_kyr_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":70551141,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":70551141,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_70551141" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="24612394" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24612394/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_sup_13_sup_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_kyr_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic">Carbon isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 kyr in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18099226" href="https://uit.academia.edu/TineLRasmussen">Tine L. Rasmussen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Climate of the Past, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Carbon isotope (δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 kyr in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic","attachmentId":44942738,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24612394/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_sup_13_sup_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_kyr_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24612394/Carbon_isotope_%CE%B4_sup_13_sup_C_excursions_suggest_times_of_major_methane_release_during_the_last_14_kyr_in_Fram_Strait_the_deep_water_gateway_to_the_Arctic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="126082820" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126082820/Gas_hydrate_dissociation_off_Svalbard_induced_by_isostatic_rebound_rather_than_global_warming">Gas hydrate dissociation off Svalbard induced by isostatic rebound rather than global warming</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41410430" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarinAndreassen">Karin Andreassen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature Communications, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gas hydrate dissociation off Svalbard induced by isostatic rebound rather than global warming","attachmentId":120014832,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126082820/Gas_hydrate_dissociation_off_Svalbard_induced_by_isostatic_rebound_rather_than_global_warming","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126082820/Gas_hydrate_dissociation_off_Svalbard_induced_by_isostatic_rebound_rather_than_global_warming"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="93147552" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93147552/Reassessment_of_Hydrate_Destabilization_Mechanisms_Offshore_West_Svalbard_Confirms_Link_to_Recent_Ocean_Warming">Reassessment of Hydrate Destabilization Mechanisms Offshore West Svalbard Confirms Link to Recent Ocean Warming</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66949223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AkashTrivedi6">Akash Trivedi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reassessment of Hydrate Destabilization Mechanisms Offshore West Svalbard Confirms Link to Recent Ocean Warming","attachmentId":95966091,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93147552/Reassessment_of_Hydrate_Destabilization_Mechanisms_Offshore_West_Svalbard_Confirms_Link_to_Recent_Ocean_Warming","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/TdeGaridelThoron">T. de Garidel-Thoron</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32953988" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucBeaufort">Luc Beaufort</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evidence for large methane releases to the atmosphere from deep-sea gas-hydrate dissociation during the last glacial episode","attachmentId":44247999,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23852833/Evidence_for_large_methane_releases_to_the_atmosphere_from_deep_sea_gas_hydrate_dissociation_during_the_last_glacial_episode","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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northwestern Barents Sea ice sheet</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18099226" href="https://uit.academia.edu/TineLRasmussen">Tine L. Rasmussen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary Science Reviews, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"From mountain top to the deep sea – Deglaciation in 4D of the northwestern Barents Sea ice sheet","attachmentId":44942728,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24612378/From_mountain_top_to_the_deep_sea_Deglaciation_in_4D_of_the_northwestern_Barents_Sea_ice_sheet","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24612378/From_mountain_top_to_the_deep_sea_Deglaciation_in_4D_of_the_northwestern_Barents_Sea_ice_sheet"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="94046881" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94046881/Reconstruction_of_hydrographic_changes_in_the_southern_Norwegian_Sea_during_the_past_135_kyr_and_the_impact_of_different_foraminiferal_Mg_Ca_cleaning_protocols">Reconstruction of hydrographic changes in the southern Norwegian Sea during the past 135 kyr and the impact of different foraminiferal Mg/Ca cleaning protocols</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18099226" href="https://uit.academia.edu/TineLRasmussen">Tine L. Rasmussen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reconstruction of hydrographic changes in the southern Norwegian Sea during the past 135 kyr and the impact of different foraminiferal Mg/Ca cleaning protocols","attachmentId":96615589,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94046881/Reconstruction_of_hydrographic_changes_in_the_southern_Norwegian_Sea_during_the_past_135_kyr_and_the_impact_of_different_foraminiferal_Mg_Ca_cleaning_protocols","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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ka</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18099226" href="https://uit.academia.edu/TineLRasmussen">Tine L. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geophysical Research Letters, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Methanesulfonic acid in a Svalbard Ice Core as an indicator of ocean climate","attachmentId":52146964,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31856577/Methanesulfonic_acid_in_a_Svalbard_Ice_Core_as_an_indicator_of_ocean_climate","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31856577/Methanesulfonic_acid_in_a_Svalbard_Ice_Core_as_an_indicator_of_ocean_climate"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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