CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <meta name="theme-color" content="#FEFFF6" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#222222" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"> <link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>Public Interest AI for Europe? Shaping Europe’s Nascent Industrial Policy - AI Now Institute</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Public Interest AI for Europe? Shaping Europe’s Nascent Industrial Policy" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Artificial Intelligence occupies a curious space in European policy discussions. Its position as a laggard in the AI “race” has become a symbol for the continent’s real and perceived lack of competitiveness and digital sovereignty, especially compared to the US and China. At the same time, AI is also hailed as a solution for a […]" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="AI Now Institute" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-07-01T13:06:45+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-07-01T13:58:09+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-1024x555.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="555" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="author" content="Frederike Kaltheuner" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@AINowInstitute" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AINowInstitute" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Frederike Kaltheuner" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="4 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy"},"author":{"name":"Frederike Kaltheuner","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#/schema/person/9691f7065086a0e066bc4ee014b30e48"},"headline":"Public Interest AI for Europe? Shaping Europe’s Nascent Industrial Policy","datePublished":"2024-07-01T13:06:45+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-01T13:58:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy"},"wordCount":830,"publisher":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png","keywords":["Artificial Intelligence","Concentration of Power","Europe","policy"],"articleSection":["General","Publication"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy","url":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy","name":"Public Interest AI for Europe? Shaping Europe’s Nascent Industrial Policy - AI Now Institute","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png","datePublished":"2024-07-01T13:06:45+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-01T13:58:09+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy#primaryimage","url":"https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png","contentUrl":"https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png","width":1734,"height":939},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/general/public-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://ainowinstitute.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Public Interest AI for Europe? Shaping Europe’s Nascent Industrial Policy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#website","url":"https://ainowinstitute.org/","name":"AI Now Institute","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://ainowinstitute.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#organization","name":"AI Now Institute","url":"https://ainowinstitute.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/favicon.png","contentUrl":"https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/favicon.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"AI Now Institute"},"image":{"@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://x.com/AINowInstitute"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#/schema/person/9691f7065086a0e066bc4ee014b30e48","name":"Frederike Kaltheuner","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://ainowinstitute.org/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/823c270c58702544fb9f65f373e979c7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/823c270c58702544fb9f65f373e979c7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Frederike Kaltheuner"},"description":"Frederike Kaltheuner is a leading expert on the intersection of emerging technology, policy, and rights. Frederike brings more than a decade of experience in tech policy, as well as in senior leaderhip positions, including as the inaugural Technology and Rights Director at Human Rights Watch, Special Adviser for the Vice-President of the European Commission, founding Director of the European AI and Society Fund, and Director for Corporate Exploitation at Privacy International, where she led the organisation’s work on corporate surveillance. Her team’s technical investigations into the murky world of online advertising have led to statutory inquiries by regulators, and caused some of the world’s most downloaded apps to change their practices. As a policy expert on emerging technology Frederike has been invited to give expert evidence in the EU parliament, the House of Lords and the Belgian Federal Parliament. She regularly comments on emerging technologies in the international press and has given TV and radio interviews for AlJazeera, CNBC, BBC World News, BBC News, Tagesschau, Deutschlandfunk, WDR5 and BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, among others. She is also the editor of Fake AI, a collection of essays on AI hype, pseudoscience, and snake oil. Her writing and commentary has appeared in The Guardian, Gizmodo, ZEIT Online and POLITICO Europe. Together with Nele Obermüller she wrote a book on data and justice (Nicolai Publishing, 2018, German). In 2019, she was awarded The Coaching Fellowship for young women leaders of impact. She was also a 2016 Transatlantic Digital Fellow on cybersecurity and platform regulation with the Global Public Policy Institute in Berlin and New America Foundation in D.C. Previously, she has worked with the Centre for Internet and Human Rights, hosted the pilot for a TV show on German national TV and was a contributing writer for the French-German Philosophie Magazin. Frederike holds an MSc in Internet Science from the University of Oxford and a BA in Liberal Arts with a focus on Philosophy and Politics from the University College Maastricht. She was a 2016 research associate with the DATACTIVE collective at the University of Amsterdam and a 2010-2011 visiting student at the philosophy department of Bogaziçi University in Istanbul. From 2008-2013, she received a scholarship from the German National Merit Foundation.","url":"https://ainowinstitute.org/author/frederike"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s3.amazonaws.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/ainowinstitute.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--off-white: #FEFFF6;--wp--preset--color--off-black: #222222;--wp--preset--color--green: #69F0BF;--wp--preset--color--pink: #E792FC;--wp--preset--color--cyan: #5BF1FB;--wp--preset--color--blue: #5767ED;--wp--preset--color--yellow: #FBFF2D;--wp--preset--color--light-green: #D2FBEC;--wp--preset--color--light-pink: #F8DEFE;--wp--preset--color--light-cyan: #CEFBFE;--wp--preset--color--light-blue: #CDD1FA;--wp--preset--color--light-yellow: #FEFFC0;--wp--preset--color--grass-green: #53E562;--wp--preset--color--purple: #9156F6;--wp--preset--color--red: #FF5D5D;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 2rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 3rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 4rem;--wp--preset--font-family--text: GT-Pressura-Extended-Text;--wp--preset--font-family--text-italic: GT-Pressura-Extended-Text-Italic;--wp--preset--font-family--regular: GT-Pressura-Extended-Regular;--wp--preset--font-family--regular-italic: GT-Pressura-Extended-Regular-Italic;--wp--preset--font-family--medium: GT-Pressura-Extended-Medium;--wp--preset--font-family--medium-italic: GT-Pressura-Extended-Medium-Italic;--wp--preset--font-family--bold: GT-Pressura-Extended-Bold;--wp--preset--font-family--bold-italic: GT-Pressura-Extended-Bold-Italic;--wp--preset--font-family--mono: ABC-Diatype-Rounded-Mono-Regular;--wp--preset--font-family--rauschenb: RauschenBTrial-Regular;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 900px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1600px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-off-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--off-white) !important;}.has-off-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--off-black) !important;}.has-green-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--green) !important;}.has-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pink) !important;}.has-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan) !important;}.has-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-yellow-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow) !important;}.has-light-green-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green) !important;}.has-light-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-pink) !important;}.has-light-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-cyan) !important;}.has-light-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-blue) !important;}.has-light-yellow-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-yellow) !important;}.has-grass-green-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grass-green) !important;}.has-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--purple) !important;}.has-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-off-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--off-white) !important;}.has-off-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--off-black) !important;}.has-green-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green) !important;}.has-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pink) !important;}.has-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan) !important;}.has-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-yellow-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow) !important;}.has-light-green-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green) !important;}.has-light-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-pink) !important;}.has-light-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-cyan) !important;}.has-light-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-blue) !important;}.has-light-yellow-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-yellow) !important;}.has-grass-green-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grass-green) !important;}.has-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--purple) !important;}.has-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-off-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--off-white) !important;}.has-off-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--off-black) !important;}.has-green-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green) !important;}.has-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pink) !important;}.has-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan) !important;}.has-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-yellow-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow) !important;}.has-light-green-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green) !important;}.has-light-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-pink) !important;}.has-light-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-cyan) !important;}.has-light-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-blue) !important;}.has-light-yellow-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-yellow) !important;}.has-grass-green-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grass-green) !important;}.has-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--purple) !important;}.has-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-text-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--text) !important;}.has-text-italic-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--text-italic) !important;}.has-regular-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--regular) !important;}.has-regular-italic-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--regular-italic) !important;}.has-medium-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--medium) !important;}.has-medium-italic-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--medium-italic) !important;}.has-bold-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bold) !important;}.has-bold-italic-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bold-italic) !important;}.has-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--mono) !important;}.has-rauschenb-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rauschenb) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='normalize-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/normalize.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='utility-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/utility.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='typography-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/typography.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='alignment-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/alignment.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='layout-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/layout.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='header-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/header.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='footer-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/footer.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='print-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/print.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/custom.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-blocks-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/custom-blocks.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='default-layout-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/wp-default-layout.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='flickity-css-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/flickity.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='features-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/features.css?ver=1733243027' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='editorial-css' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/editorial.css?ver=1733771421' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/js/site.js?ver=1733243027" id="site-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/js/nav.js?ver=1733243027" id="nav-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/js/flickity.pkgd.min.js?ver=1733243027" id="flickity-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/downloads.mailchimp.com/js/mc-validate.js" id="mailchimp-validate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/js/mailchimp.js?ver=1733243027" id="mailchimp-local-js"></script>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-FKQJRSE30T" id="google_gtagjs-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["ainowinstitute.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "G-FKQJRSE30T"); /* ]]> */ </script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/8091" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://ainowinstitute.org/?p=8091' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fainowinstitute.org%2Fgeneral%2Fpublic-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fainowinstitute.org%2Fgeneral%2Fpublic-interest-ai-for-europe-shaping-europes-nascent-industrial-policy&format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.140.0" /><style class='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Text;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Text.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Text-Italic;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Text-Italic.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Regular;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Regular.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Regular-Italic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Regular-Italic.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Medium;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Medium.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Medium-Italic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Medium-Italic.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Bold;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Bold.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:GT-Pressura-Extended-Bold-Italic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/GT-Pressura-Extended-Bold-Italic.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:ABC-Diatype-Rounded-Mono-Regular;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/ABCDiatypeRoundedMono-Regular.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:RauschenBTrial-Regular;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/fonts/RauschenBTrial-Regular.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cropped-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cropped-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cropped-favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cropped-favicon-270x270.png" /> </head> <body style= "background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--off-white)" class="post-template-default single single-post postid-8091 single-format-standard d-flex flex-column min-vh-100 overflow-clip standard-background"> <header style= "background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--off-white)" id="site-header" class="p-fixed top-0 w-100 border-bottom-2 py-1 standard-background"> <div class="d-flex flex-column"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between alignwide max-width-container"> <div class="d-flex w-75 custom-logo-container"> <a aria-label="AI Now logo" id="site-logo" class="decoration-none" href="/" aria-label="Homepage link"> <svg viewBox="0 0 4026 936" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M2389.73 932.679C2663.13 932.679 2852.61 727.882 2852.61 467.952C2852.61 466.191 2854.35 464.21 2857.72 463.55C2859.24 463.22 2860.66 463.33 2861.74 463.77C2862.72 464.21 2863.38 464.76 2863.7 465.641L3005.02 895.483C3009.37 908.579 3021.44 917.383 3035.03 917.383H3118.73C3132.32 917.383 3144.39 908.579 3148.74 895.483L3331.8 339.637C3341.7 310.145 3359.31 296.499 3375.83 296.499C3392.36 296.499 3409.97 310.145 3419.86 339.637L3601.62 895.373C3605.86 908.469 3618.04 917.273 3631.63 917.273H3715.22C3728.81 917.273 3740.88 908.469 3745.23 895.373L4020.59 57.9177C4027.44 37.2289 4012.22 15.7698 3990.58 15.7698H3921.12C3907.42 15.7698 3895.25 24.6836 3891.01 37.8892L3720.55 570.405C3714.9 587.463 3707.83 600.008 3700.22 608.151C3692.5 616.405 3684.46 620.146 3676.52 620.146C3668.59 620.146 3660.54 616.295 3652.82 608.151C3645.11 599.898 3638.04 587.353 3632.5 570.405L3462.04 37.8892C3457.8 24.6836 3445.62 15.7698 3431.93 15.7698H3324.63C3310.93 15.7698 3298.76 24.6836 3294.52 37.8892L3124.06 570.405C3118.41 587.463 3111.34 600.008 3103.73 608.151C3096.01 616.405 3087.97 620.146 3080.03 620.146C3072.1 620.146 3064.05 616.295 3056.33 608.151C3048.62 599.898 3041.55 587.353 3036.01 570.405L2865.55 37.8892C2861.31 24.6836 2849.13 15.7698 2835.44 15.7698H2759.67C2738.14 15.7698 2722.92 37.1189 2729.66 57.9177L2749.99 119.764C2750.75 121.965 2750.21 124.386 2748.36 127.027C2746.51 129.668 2743.47 132.199 2739.88 134.18C2736.29 136.161 2732.38 137.371 2728.9 137.481C2725.42 137.702 2722.7 136.821 2721.07 135.17C2639.65 53.0756 2524.85 3.00439 2389.73 3.00439C2196.44 3.00439 2044.9 104.798 1972.83 256.992C1971.74 259.193 1969.67 260.844 1966.63 261.834C1963.59 262.825 1960 262.935 1956.41 262.385C1952.82 261.724 1949.56 260.404 1947.28 258.643C1945 256.882 1943.8 254.681 1943.8 252.37V47.9035C1943.8 30.1859 1929.67 15.8799 1912.17 15.8799H1843.24C1825.74 15.8799 1811.61 30.1859 1811.61 47.9035V579.209C1811.61 607.711 1798.89 622.127 1784.11 624.988C1769 627.85 1750.19 619.266 1737.36 598.137L1395.69 31.2864C1389.93 21.7123 1379.71 15.9899 1368.73 15.9899H1231.64C1214.14 15.9899 1200.01 30.296 1200.01 48.0135V885.359C1200.01 903.077 1214.14 917.383 1231.64 917.383H1300.57C1318.07 917.383 1332.2 903.077 1332.2 885.359V325.881C1332.2 297.379 1344.92 282.963 1359.7 280.102C1374.81 277.241 1393.62 285.825 1406.45 306.953L1765.84 901.976C1771.6 911.44 1781.82 917.273 1792.8 917.273H1912.27C1929.78 917.273 1943.91 902.967 1943.91 885.249V683.313C1943.91 681.002 1945.11 678.801 1947.39 677.041C1949.67 675.17 1952.93 673.849 1956.52 673.299C1960.11 672.639 1963.69 672.859 1966.74 673.849C1969.78 674.84 1971.85 676.49 1972.93 678.691C2045.01 830.886 2196.55 932.679 2389.84 932.679H2389.73ZM2071.64 467.952C2071.64 276.14 2198.18 129.228 2389.73 129.228C2485.61 129.228 2565.18 165.653 2620.63 226.179C2676.18 286.705 2707.81 371.331 2707.81 467.952C2707.81 564.573 2676.07 649.199 2620.63 709.724C2565.08 770.14 2485.61 806.676 2389.73 806.676C2198.18 806.676 2071.64 659.763 2071.64 467.952V467.952Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M2389.85 935.545C2202.98 935.545 2046.11 839.915 1970.34 679.907C1969.47 678.036 1967.41 677.156 1965.88 676.605C1963.38 675.835 1960.23 675.615 1956.97 676.165C1953.82 676.715 1951.1 677.816 1949.14 679.357C1947.62 680.567 1946.75 681.888 1946.75 683.318V885.254C1946.75 904.512 1931.31 920.139 1912.29 920.139H1792.82C1780.86 920.139 1769.66 913.756 1763.36 903.412L1403.96 308.389C1392.77 289.901 1375.59 279.997 1360.15 282.968C1344.39 286.05 1334.93 302.006 1334.93 325.886V885.364C1334.93 904.622 1319.5 920.249 1300.47 920.249H1231.55C1212.53 920.249 1197.09 904.622 1197.09 885.364V47.9085C1197.09 28.6503 1212.53 13.0237 1231.55 13.0237H1368.63C1380.59 13.0237 1391.9 19.4064 1398.09 29.7507L1739.77 596.601C1751.07 614.979 1768.25 624.993 1783.58 622.132C1799.34 619.051 1808.8 603.094 1808.8 579.214V47.9085C1808.8 28.6503 1824.24 13.0237 1843.26 13.0237H1912.18C1931.21 13.0237 1946.64 28.6503 1946.64 47.9085V252.375C1946.64 253.806 1947.4 255.126 1949.03 256.337C1950.88 257.878 1953.82 258.978 1956.86 259.528C1960.01 260.079 1963.17 259.968 1965.78 259.088C1967.3 258.648 1969.36 257.658 1970.23 255.787C2046 95.6687 2202.87 0.148193 2389.74 0.148193C2519.65 0.148193 2638.04 47.3582 2723.05 133.195C2724.13 134.295 2726.2 134.735 2728.7 134.735C2731.74 134.515 2735.22 133.525 2738.48 131.764C2741.74 130.003 2744.35 127.802 2745.98 125.491C2747.29 123.621 2747.72 122.08 2747.29 120.759L2726.96 59.0232C2723.37 48.2386 2725.11 36.7937 2731.74 27.5498C2738.27 18.3059 2748.48 13.0237 2759.68 13.0237H2835.45C2850.45 13.0237 2863.61 22.7078 2868.28 37.2339L3038.74 569.75C3043.96 585.487 3050.7 598.142 3058.52 606.396C3072.11 620.922 3088.09 621.032 3101.68 606.396C3109.4 598.142 3116.25 585.377 3121.47 569.75L3291.92 37.2339C3296.6 22.8178 3309.75 13.0237 3324.75 13.0237H3432.05C3447.05 13.0237 3460.21 22.7078 3464.88 37.2339L3635.34 569.75C3640.56 585.487 3647.3 598.142 3655.12 606.396C3668.71 620.922 3684.69 621.032 3698.28 606.396C3706 598.142 3712.85 585.377 3718.07 569.75L3888.52 37.2339C3893.2 22.8178 3906.35 13.0237 3921.35 13.0237H3990.82C4002.01 13.0237 4012.23 18.3059 4018.76 27.5498C4025.28 36.7937 4027.02 48.2386 4023.54 59.0232L3748.18 896.369C3743.5 910.675 3730.35 920.249 3715.46 920.249H3631.86C3616.97 920.249 3603.81 910.675 3599.14 896.369L3417.37 340.633C3408.68 314.882 3393.24 299.475 3376.06 299.475C3358.89 299.475 3343.45 314.882 3334.76 340.633L3151.8 896.479C3147.12 910.785 3133.97 920.359 3119.08 920.359H3035.37C3020.48 920.359 3007.32 910.785 3002.65 896.479L2861.33 466.636C2860.67 466.416 2859.8 466.196 2858.61 466.526C2856.65 466.966 2855.89 467.847 2855.89 468.067C2855.89 596.271 2809.8 714.131 2726.09 799.968C2640.75 887.565 2521.5 935.765 2390.07 935.765L2389.85 935.545ZM1960.77 670.003C1963.28 670.003 1965.56 670.333 1967.73 670.993C1971.54 672.204 1974.25 674.404 1975.67 677.266C2050.46 835.293 2205.37 929.603 2389.96 929.603C2519.76 929.603 2637.71 881.953 2721.85 795.566C2804.47 710.83 2850.02 594.29 2850.02 467.737C2850.02 464.875 2852.3 461.464 2857.41 460.474C2859.48 460.033 2861.43 460.254 2863.06 460.804C2865.35 461.684 2866.33 463.335 2866.65 464.545L3007.97 894.388C3011.89 906.273 3022.87 914.306 3035.26 914.306H3118.97C3131.36 914.306 3142.34 906.273 3146.25 894.388L3329.32 338.542C3338.89 310.26 3356.28 293.423 3376.06 293.423C3395.85 293.423 3413.35 310.26 3422.81 338.542L3604.57 894.278C3608.49 906.163 3619.47 914.196 3631.86 914.196H3715.46C3727.85 914.196 3738.83 906.163 3742.74 894.278L4018.1 56.9323C4021.04 47.9085 4019.63 38.4444 4014.19 30.7412C4008.75 23.0379 4000.28 18.636 3990.93 18.636H3921.46C3908.96 18.636 3897.98 26.6695 3894.07 38.7746L3723.61 571.291C3718.07 588.018 3711 601.113 3702.63 610.137C3686.76 627.084 3666.97 627.084 3651.1 610.137C3642.73 601.113 3635.66 588.018 3630.12 571.291L3459.66 38.6645C3455.86 26.6695 3444.88 18.526 3432.38 18.526H3325.08C3312.58 18.526 3301.6 26.5594 3297.69 38.6645L3127.23 571.181C3121.68 587.908 3114.62 601.003 3106.25 610.027C3090.38 626.974 3070.48 626.974 3054.72 610.027C3046.24 601.003 3039.17 587.908 3033.74 571.181L2863.28 38.5545C2859.37 26.5594 2848.39 18.4159 2836 18.4159H2760.23C2750.88 18.4159 2742.4 22.8178 2736.96 30.5211C2731.53 38.2244 2730 47.7984 2733.05 56.7122L2753.38 118.448C2754.14 120.649 2754.35 124.061 2751.31 128.353C2749.14 131.434 2745.77 134.295 2741.85 136.386C2737.83 138.587 2733.59 139.908 2729.68 140.018C2725.33 140.238 2721.96 139.137 2719.68 136.826C2635.64 52.0902 2518.78 5.54048 2390.4 5.54048C2205.81 5.54048 2050.9 99.8505 1976.1 257.878C1974.69 260.849 1971.97 262.94 1968.28 264.15C1964.8 265.251 1960.77 265.471 1956.75 264.701C1952.73 264.04 1949.03 262.5 1946.32 260.299C1942.62 257.327 1941.75 254.026 1941.75 251.715V47.9085C1941.75 31.8417 1928.81 18.8561 1913.05 18.8561H1844.13C1828.26 18.8561 1815.43 31.9517 1815.43 47.9085V579.214C1815.43 606.065 1804.23 624.223 1785.53 627.855C1767.92 631.266 1748.36 620.261 1735.75 599.683L1394.07 32.722C1388.85 24.1384 1379.5 18.7461 1369.5 18.7461H1232.42C1216.55 18.7461 1203.72 31.8416 1203.72 47.7984V885.364C1203.72 901.431 1216.66 914.416 1232.42 914.416H1301.34C1317.21 914.416 1330.04 901.321 1330.04 885.364V325.886C1330.04 299.035 1341.24 280.877 1359.94 277.246C1377.66 273.834 1397.22 284.839 1409.73 305.418L1769.12 900.55C1774.34 909.134 1783.69 914.416 1793.69 914.416H1913.16C1929.03 914.416 1941.86 901.321 1941.86 885.364V683.428C1941.86 681.117 1942.62 677.816 1946.42 674.845C1949.03 672.754 1952.73 671.213 1956.86 670.443C1958.38 670.223 1960.01 670.003 1961.54 670.003H1960.77ZM2389.85 809.432C2296.36 809.432 2215.81 775.427 2156.78 711.05C2100.03 649.094 2068.83 562.707 2068.83 467.847C2068.83 372.986 2100.14 286.6 2156.78 224.643C2215.7 160.266 2296.25 126.262 2389.85 126.262C2483.45 126.262 2564.11 160.156 2622.92 224.093C2679.67 285.94 2710.87 372.436 2710.87 467.847C2710.87 563.257 2679.56 649.754 2622.92 711.6C2564.11 775.647 2483.56 809.432 2389.85 809.432V809.432ZM2389.85 132.094C2204.18 132.094 2074.59 270.203 2074.59 467.847C2074.59 665.491 2204.28 803.599 2389.85 803.599C2481.93 803.599 2560.96 770.365 2618.69 707.639C2674.45 646.893 2705.11 561.717 2705.11 467.847C2705.11 373.977 2674.45 288.801 2618.69 228.055C2561.07 165.218 2481.93 132.094 2389.85 132.094V132.094Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M841.493 909.798H763.765H673.971C662.448 909.798 652.012 902.535 647.989 891.64L582.981 717.876H283.486L215.76 892.08C211.52 902.865 201.41 909.908 189.887 909.908H28.0187C18.7784 909.908 10.0816 905.286 4.97224 897.473C-0.245817 889.659 -1.2242 879.865 2.2545 871.171L337.732 33.2757C341.972 22.6012 352.082 15.6682 363.496 15.6682H503.188C514.494 15.6682 524.604 22.4911 528.952 33.1656L867.257 870.951C870.735 879.645 869.757 889.439 864.648 897.252C859.538 905.066 850.842 909.688 841.601 909.688L841.493 909.798ZM774.854 876.784H834.318L500.036 48.6822H459.27L271.528 513.079H331.753L456.334 195.925C460.574 185.14 470.684 178.097 482.207 178.097C493.622 178.097 503.841 185.03 508.08 195.815L774.854 876.564V876.784ZM563.631 595.614C566.783 604.198 565.479 613.882 560.369 621.365C555.26 628.849 546.672 633.36 537.541 633.36H243.807L280.66 684.752H586.242C597.766 684.752 608.202 692.015 612.224 702.91L677.232 876.674H739.632L482.099 219.475L450.79 299.699L537.541 523.424M125.749 876.784H186.626L254.026 703.68L215.978 650.748L125.749 876.784V876.784ZM35.1935 876.784H90.5267L200.867 600.457H530.8L511.124 546.203H264.462C255.222 546.203 246.525 541.581 241.416 533.768C236.306 525.955 235.219 516.161 238.807 507.467L424.048 48.6822H366.758L35.1935 876.784V876.784ZM366.975 513.189H498.622L433.288 344.818L366.975 513.189Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M1085.64 912.659H947.686C932.358 912.659 919.856 900.004 919.856 884.487V46.8111C919.856 31.2945 932.358 18.6392 947.686 18.6392H1085.64C1100.97 18.6392 1113.47 31.2945 1113.47 46.8111V884.487C1113.47 900.004 1100.97 912.659 1085.64 912.659ZM952.469 879.645H1080.75V51.6532H952.469V879.645Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M1032.81 35.1453H1000.19V896.151H1032.81V35.1453Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="icon-container flex-grow-1"> <div class ="d-flex flex-column"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end justify-content-lg-between align-items-center"> <div class="primary-menu-container d-inline-block pr-0 pr-lg-3"><nav class="w-100"><ul id="primary-menu-list" class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row pb-4 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-2 border-bottom-lg-0 menu-wrapper pl-2 pl-lg-0"><li id="menu-item-1260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1260 d-inline-block p-0 py-lg-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/2023-landscape" class="decoration-none">2023 Landscape</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1259" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1259 d-inline-block p-0 py-lg-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/our-work" class="decoration-none">Our Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1261" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1261 d-inline-block p-0 py-lg-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/people" class="decoration-none">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7999" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7999 d-inline-block p-0 py-lg-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/careers-2" class="decoration-none">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1262" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1262 d-inline-block p-0 py-lg-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/about" class="decoration-none">About Us</a></li> </ul></nav></div> <div id="search-icon" class="search-icon d-inline-block"> <button aria-label="Search button" onclick="openSearch()" class="m-0"></button> </div> <div class="search-container justify-content-end flex-grow-1 d-none align-items-center"> <form class="search-form d-flex align-items-center w-100" action="/"> <button aria-label="Submit entered search query" type="submit"></button> <input type="search" class=" pl-2 pl-lg-1 w-100" placeholder="search terms" value="" name="s" title="Search" autocomplete="off" /> </form> <button id="close-search" onclick="closeSearch()" aria-label="Close search form and return to menu items" class="close"></button> </div> <button aria-label="Toggle menu" id="menu-toggle" class="menu-toggle-icon ml-1"></button> </div> <p class="options-bio desktop">The AI Now Institute produces diagnosis and actionable policy research on artificial intelligence.</p> </div> </div> </div> <p class="options-bio mobile py-1 alignwide">The AI Now Institute produces diagnosis and actionable policy research on artificial intelligence.</p> </div> </header> <main id="page-wrapper" class="d-flex flex-column flex-grow-1"> <div class="entry-content max-width-container"> <div class="d-grid grid alignwide wide-max-width my-2 my-md-3"> <div class="single-post-template grid-col-12"> <div id="post-header" class="post-header grid-col-12"> <div class="d-grid grid grid-gap-four"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-6 p-relative"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-large p-relative"> <img width="1734" height="939" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png" class="grayscale contrast wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-300x162.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-1024x555.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-768x416.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-1536x832.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> <div class=" border-radius-large p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-large opacity-80" style="background-color:#222222"></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-6 d-flex flex-column align-self-center ml-lg-4"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/research-areas/ai-industrial-policy">AI Industrial Policy</a></h4></div> <h1 class="line-height-100 mb-2 mt-1 medium mr-lg-2">Public Interest AI for Europe? Shaping Europe’s Nascent Industrial Policy</h1> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-2 justify-content-between w-lg-90"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px"> <span class="mb-0"><span class="addtl-authors d-inline-flex mono mb-0"><p class="mono mb-0"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/frederike">Frederike Kaltheuner</a></p></span> ,  <span class="addtl-authors d-inline-flex mono mb-0"><p class="mono mb-0"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/leevi">Leevi Saari</a></p></span> </span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0 mt-1 mt-md-0">Jul 1, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-grid grid mt-2 mt-lg-4"> <div class="post-container d-grid grid grid-col-12 mx-0 mx-xl-3"> <div class="post-body grid-col-12 d-grid grid mt-3 mt-lg-5"> <div class="post-content grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-8 mx-0 ml-lg-2 mr-lg-3"> <p></p> <p>Artificial Intelligence occupies a curious space in European policy discussions. Its position as a laggard in the AI “race” has become a symbol for the continent’s real and perceived lack of competitiveness and digital sovereignty, especially compared to the US and China. At the same time, AI is also hailed as a solution for a whole range of complex problems the continent is facing: the climate crisis, slowing economic growth, and deteriorating public services.</p> <p>Enter, Europe’s nascent industrial policy on AI: strategies to guide government spending, investment, and regulatory strategies focused on the AI industry. After the DSA, the DMA and the AI Act have been adopted or entered into force, we expect that the next Commission’s main focus will be on digital industrial policy (and enforcement). This is part of a broader turn towards economic statecraft we have documented globally (see our previous work <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/ai-nationalisms">here</a>)</p> <p>Europe’s <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/to-innovate-or-to-regulate-the-false-dichotomy">newfound interest</a> in industrial policy comes with opportunities and unintentional dangers. Instead of creating a vibrant innovation ecosystem in Europe, industrial policy could end up further entrenching the power of Big Tech, who already exercise a perhaps irreversible grip over the global AI ecosystem through control of capital, research and infrastructure. What is often misunderstood in Europe, is that concentration in the tech industry is <em>constitutive of </em>the AI market as we know it today. As a result, policymakers that are invested in developing a more competitive homegrown AI market, place industrial policy measures in concert with anti-monopoly, privacy and other policy goals.</p> <p>As public funds begin to pour in for AI industrial policy, European lawmakers must confront the elephant in the room: as it stands today, there is no AI without Big Tech. While European AI startups espouse aspirations to compete, they must contend with the reality that large US and Chinese-based tech companies control core AI infrastructure for both development and deployment: compute, data, talent, and most importantly – access to the consumer.</p> <p>In order to confront these infrastructural and ecosystem dependencies, we must start the crucial work of imagining an alternative digital future for Europe that includes an innovation paradigm outside of the incentive structures set by these companies. This must also stretch beyond the narrow imaginary of what counts as “public good” and “public interest” in current EU debates and include a more sophisticated understanding of the role that digital technology can play in innovation and economic growth more broadly. This will involve distancing from the current hype-cycle of chatGPT-inspired AI use cases, the continual push to build AI at ever larger scale (necessitating access to resources these firms control) and the geopolitical impulse towards the so-called <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/tracking-the-us-and-china-ai-arms-race">“AI arms race”</a>. </p> <p>If we don’t, efforts towards industrial policy on AI may eventually end up strengthening, rather than contesting, AI monopolies. And instead of empowering citizens, workers, and the environment, blanket adoption of AI could lead to waste, rights abuses, and single points of failure. We need only look to the Dutch <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/dutch-scandal-serves-as-a-warning-for-europe-over-risks-of-using-algorithms/">child benefits scandal</a>, or more recent evidence about a dysfunctional <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3630106.3658906">automation system used by Danish child protective services</a>, for examples of how AI adoption can go horribly wrong, automating austerity measures, disenfranchising communities of color and the poor, and leading to significant societal harm. </p> <p>Building on our previous work on <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/ai-nationalisms">AI Nationalism</a>, <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/computational-power-and-ai-2">Computational Power</a>, and <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/joint-submission-to-the-european-commissions-consultation-on-competition-and-generative-ai">Antitrust</a>, and in collaboration with a network of researchers and advocates, AI Now will be closely monitoring Europe’s nascent industrial policy on AI. Over the coming months/year we will interrogate the assumptions, central tensions, and trade-offs at the heart of Europe’s desire to become a major player in AI.</p> <p>Among other things, we will start by provoking the following questions: </p> <p>What would it take to realise a European vision for public interest AI? Given that current market structures heavily favor today’s tech giants, is a European vision for AI even feasible? </p> <p>Can Europe ever be competitive, or reach its goals on sustainability and climate change within the current paradigm of building ever larger models? </p> <p>What does public interest mean, when the AI Act failed to protect the rights of migrants and others who are most vulnerable? </p> <p>And given that so many benefits of AI remain speculative – should Europe even invest in large scale AI at all? </p> <p>With a network of collaborators and experts from across the region and beyond, we hope to start moving from diagnosis to an actionable agenda to harness the opportunity before us.  </p> <p>How Europe wrestles with these questions is vitally important – not just for the continent. If a continent as wealthy and prosperous can’t truly compete or build <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://openfuture.eu/our-work/public-digital-infrastructure/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1719841861423640&usg=AOvVaw1DrR27bBh7bdqAhpKJMRhw">public digital infrastructure</a> and goods – this doesn’t bode well for regions that already find themselves at the global economic margins. </p> <p>We look forward to sharing more from this work as it moves forward, and welcome insights along the way.</p> <div class="w-50" id="footnote-popup"></div> </div> <div class="post-sidebar grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4 w-100 w-xl-90"> <div class="sidebar d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mb-5"><div class="research-area sidebar-group d-flex flex-row align-items-center w-100 mb-2"><a class="d-flex flex-row align-items-center" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/research-areas/ai-industrial-policy"><img class="research-area-icon mr-2" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/us-china-bw.png" alt=""><h2 class="line-height-100 mb-0">AI Industrial Policy</h2></a></div><div class="sidebar-group d-flex flex-row flex-wrap"><p class="mono mr-1 mb-0">See all tagged: </p><h4 class="mr-1 mb-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/tag/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></h4><h4 class="mr-1 mb-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/tag/concentration-of-power">Concentration of Power</a></h4><h4 class="mr-1 mb-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/tag/europe">Europe</a></h4><h4 class="mr-1 mb-1"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/tag/policy">policy</a></h4></div><hr class="sidebar"><button aria-label="Download" class="download-pdf" onclick="window.print()"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <svg width="15" height="22" viewBox="0 0 15 22" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.20708 12.3673L4.20708 13.2923L4.20708 12.3673ZM1.9022 13.9692L2.64088 13.4124L1.9022 13.9692ZM6.90051 20.6007L7.63919 20.0439L6.90051 20.6007ZM7.63919 20.0439L2.64088 13.4124L1.16352 14.5259L6.16184 21.1574L7.63919 20.0439ZM12.7573 13.4124L7.75898 20.0439L9.23633 21.1574L14.2346 14.5259L12.7573 13.4124ZM11.0017 13.2923L12.6974 13.2923L12.6974 11.4423L11.0017 11.4423L11.0017 13.2923ZM9.07672 2L9.07672 11.3673L10.9267 11.3673L10.9267 2L9.07672 2ZM6.20708 1.925L9.00172 1.925L9.00172 0.075L6.20708 0.0750001L6.20708 1.925ZM6.13208 11.3673L6.13208 2L4.28208 2L4.28208 11.3673L6.13208 11.3673ZM2.70077 13.2923L4.20708 13.2923L4.20708 11.4423L2.70077 11.4423L2.70077 13.2923ZM4.28208 11.3673C4.28208 11.4087 4.24851 11.4423 4.20708 11.4423L4.20708 13.2923C5.27023 13.2923 6.13208 12.4304 6.13208 11.3673L4.28208 11.3673ZM6.20708 0.0750001C5.14394 0.0750001 4.28208 0.936853 4.28208 2L6.13208 2C6.13208 1.95858 6.16566 1.925 6.20708 1.925L6.20708 0.0750001ZM10.9267 2C10.9267 0.936852 10.0649 0.075 9.00172 0.075L9.00172 1.925C9.04314 1.925 9.07672 1.95858 9.07672 2L10.9267 2ZM11.0017 11.4423C10.9603 11.4423 10.9267 11.4087 10.9267 11.3673L9.07672 11.3673C9.07672 12.4304 9.93857 13.2923 11.0017 13.2923L11.0017 11.4423ZM14.2346 14.5259C15.1907 13.2575 14.2858 11.4423 12.6974 11.4423L12.6974 13.2923C12.7224 13.2923 12.7323 13.298 12.7372 13.3012C12.7452 13.3064 12.7561 13.3169 12.7645 13.3338C12.7729 13.3507 12.7748 13.3657 12.7741 13.3752C12.7737 13.3811 12.7724 13.3924 12.7573 13.4124L14.2346 14.5259ZM2.64088 13.4124C2.62581 13.3924 2.6245 13.3811 2.62408 13.3752C2.6234 13.3657 2.62524 13.3507 2.63365 13.3338C2.64205 13.3169 2.65294 13.3064 2.66099 13.3012C2.66588 13.298 2.67573 13.2923 2.70077 13.2923L2.70077 11.4423C1.11238 11.4423 0.20746 13.2575 1.16352 14.5259L2.64088 13.4124ZM6.16184 21.1574C6.93198 22.1792 8.46619 22.1792 9.23633 21.1574L7.75898 20.0439C7.72897 20.0837 7.6692 20.0837 7.63919 20.0439L6.16184 21.1574Z" fill="black"/> </svg> <h4 class="ml-1">DOWNLOAD PDF</h4> </div></button><hr class="sidebar"><div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap post-author"><p class="mono mb-0">By: </p><span class="mb-0"><span class="addtl-authors d-inline-flex mono mb-0"><p class="mono mb-0"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/frederike">Frederike Kaltheuner</a></p></span> ,  <span class="addtl-authors d-inline-flex mono mb-0"><p class="mono mb-0"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/leevi">Leevi Saari</a></p></span> </span></div><hr class="sidebar"><div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap"><p class="mono mr-1 mb-0">Posted:</p><p class="mono mb-0">Jul 1, 2024</p></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="star-divider-footer grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-8 d-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center my-2 my-lg-4 mr-lg-5"> <svg width="73" height="20" viewBox="0 0 73 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.8038 3.98989C16.7565 3.90585 16.6493 3.87714 16.5662 3.92624L10.4853 7.52145C10.3705 7.58931 10.2255 7.50658 10.2255 7.37325V0.172169C10.2255 0.0770828 10.1484 0 10.0533 0H8.19356C8.09848 0 8.02139 0.0770828 8.02139 0.172169V7.44301C8.02139 7.57634 7.87637 7.65907 7.7616 7.59122L1.66974 3.98956C1.5867 3.94046 1.47952 3.96917 1.43214 4.05321L0.498784 5.70868C0.452762 5.79031 0.480473 5.89375 0.561137 5.94144L6.67801 9.55789C6.79074 9.62453 6.79074 9.78765 6.67801 9.8543L0.733956 13.3686C0.653292 13.4163 0.625581 13.5197 0.671603 13.6013L1.60639 15.2593C1.65377 15.3434 1.76094 15.3721 1.84398 15.323L7.76264 11.8237C7.87741 11.7559 8.02243 11.8386 8.02243 11.9719L8.02243 18.9377C8.02243 19.0328 8.09952 19.1099 8.1946 19.1099H10.0533C10.1484 19.1099 10.2255 19.0328 10.2255 18.9377V11.957C10.2255 11.8237 10.3705 11.741 10.4853 11.8088L16.4263 15.3213C16.5093 15.3704 16.6165 15.3417 16.6639 15.2577L17.5973 13.6022C17.6433 13.5206 17.6156 13.4171 17.5349 13.3694L11.6627 9.89765C11.55 9.831 11.55 9.66789 11.6627 9.60124L17.7461 6.00458C17.8268 5.95689 17.8545 5.85344 17.8085 5.77182L16.8038 3.98989Z" fill="black"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M44.1515 3.98989C44.1041 3.90585 43.9969 3.87714 43.9139 3.92624L37.8329 7.52145C37.7182 7.58931 37.5731 7.50658 37.5731 7.37325V0.172169C37.5731 0.0770828 37.4961 0 37.401 0H35.5412C35.4461 0 35.3691 0.0770828 35.3691 0.172169V7.44301C35.3691 7.57634 35.224 7.65907 35.1093 7.59122L29.0174 3.98956C28.9344 3.94046 28.8272 3.96917 28.7798 4.05321L27.8464 5.70868C27.8004 5.79031 27.8281 5.89375 27.9088 5.94144L34.0257 9.55789C34.1384 9.62453 34.1384 9.78765 34.0257 9.8543L28.0816 13.3686C28.0009 13.4163 27.9732 13.5197 28.0193 13.6013L28.954 15.2593C29.0014 15.3434 29.1086 15.3721 29.1916 15.323L35.1103 11.8237C35.2251 11.7559 35.3701 11.8386 35.3701 11.9719L35.3701 18.9377C35.3701 19.0328 35.4472 19.1099 35.5423 19.1099H37.401C37.4961 19.1099 37.5731 19.0328 37.5731 18.9377V11.957C37.5731 11.8237 37.7182 11.741 37.8329 11.8088L43.774 15.3213C43.857 15.3704 43.9642 15.3417 44.0115 15.2577L44.9449 13.6022C44.9909 13.5206 44.9632 13.4171 44.8826 13.3694L39.0104 9.89765C38.8976 9.831 38.8976 9.66789 39.0104 9.60124L45.0938 6.00458C45.1745 5.95689 45.2022 5.85344 45.1561 5.77182L44.1515 3.98989Z" fill="black"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M71.4991 3.98989C71.4518 3.90585 71.3446 3.87714 71.2615 3.92624L65.1806 7.52145C65.0658 7.58931 64.9208 7.50658 64.9208 7.37325V0.172169C64.9208 0.0770828 64.8437 0 64.7486 0H62.8889C62.7938 0 62.7167 0.0770828 62.7167 0.172169V7.44301C62.7167 7.57634 62.5717 7.65907 62.4569 7.59122L56.3651 3.98956C56.282 3.94046 56.1748 3.96917 56.1275 4.05321L55.1941 5.70868C55.1481 5.79031 55.1758 5.89375 55.2564 5.94144L61.3733 9.55789C61.4861 9.62453 61.4861 9.78765 61.3733 9.8543L55.4293 13.3686C55.3486 13.4163 55.3209 13.5197 55.3669 13.6013L56.3017 15.2593C56.3491 15.3434 56.4563 15.3721 56.5393 15.323L62.458 11.8237C62.5727 11.7559 62.7177 11.8386 62.7177 11.9719L62.7177 18.9377C62.7177 19.0328 62.7948 19.1099 62.8899 19.1099H64.7486C64.8437 19.1099 64.9208 19.0328 64.9208 18.9377V11.957C64.9208 11.8237 65.0658 11.741 65.1806 11.8088L71.1216 15.3213C71.2047 15.3704 71.3118 15.3417 71.3592 15.2577L72.2926 13.6022C72.3386 13.5206 72.3109 13.4171 72.2302 13.3694L66.358 9.89765C66.2453 9.831 66.2453 9.66789 66.358 9.60124L72.4414 6.00458C72.5221 5.95689 72.5498 5.85344 72.5038 5.77182L71.4991 3.98989Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </div> </div> </div> <section id="related-posts-carousel" class="swiper alignwide post-carousel-card p-relative"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@8/swiper-bundle.min.css"/> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@8/swiper-bundle.min.js"></script> <script> window.addEventListener('load', () => { const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', { pagination: { el: '.swiper-pagination', type: 'fraction', }, navigation: { nextEl: '.swiper-button-next', prevEl: '.swiper-button-prev', }, autoHeight: true, slidesPerView: 1, spaceBetween: 30, breakpoints: { 992: { slidesPerView: 1.1, spaceBetweenSlides: 30 } } }); }); </script> <div class="mb-4"> <h4 class="double-half max-w-lg-300px d-inline-flex mr-2 mb-1 mb-md-0"> Related Reading </h4> <h4 class="double-half d-inline-flex"> <a href="/category/publication">See all  <svg width="251" height="93" viewBox="0 0 251 93" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M186.963 12.1555L238.931 46.2247L186.963 80.3359V56.5553H9.90517V48.7878H186.963V12.1555ZM9.90517 38.8826H177.058V31.1151H9.90517V38.8826ZM177.058 21.2099V7.3673C177.058 1.71354 183.365 -2.06594 188.355 1.22387C188.358 1.22613 188.361 1.2284 188.365 1.23068L247.599 40.0633C247.603 40.0657 247.607 40.0681 247.61 40.0705C252.037 42.9554 252.038 49.4891 247.612 52.3751C247.608 52.3779 247.604 52.3807 247.599 52.3835L188.343 91.2782L188.336 91.2827C183.34 94.5389 177.058 90.7942 177.058 85.1273V66.4605H7.25753C3.08482 66.4605 0 62.998 0 59.1197V28.5507C0 24.6724 3.08482 21.2099 7.25753 21.2099H177.058Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </h4> </div> <div class="swiper-wrapper alignwide mt-2 mt-lg-4"> <div class="d-grid grid swiper-slide"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4 image-container p-relative h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/general/ai-generated-business" aria-label="Link to current carousel post"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img width="2560" height="1820" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ai-gen-business-scaled.webp" class="grayscale contrast wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ai-gen-business-scaled.webp 2560w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ai-gen-business-300x213.webp 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ai-gen-business-1024x728.webp 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ai-gen-business-768x546.webp 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ai-gen-business-1536x1092.webp 1536w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ai-gen-business-2048x1456.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-small opacity-60" style="background-color:#222222"></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center pl-lg-4 py-xl-4 grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-7"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap mb-1 w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/category/publication/report">report</a></h4></div> </div> <h2 class="mb-2 w-lg-90"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/general/ai-generated-business">AI Generated Business: The Rise of AGI and the Rush to Find a Working Revenue Model</a></h2> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <p class="mono mb-0">Brian Merchant</p></span> <p class="mono mb-0">Nov 21, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="post-divider ml-auto mr-auto has-black-background-color grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-1"></div> </div> <div class="d-grid grid swiper-slide"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4 image-container p-relative h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/news/announcement/new-ai-now-paper-highlights-risks-of-commercial-ai-used-in-military-contexts" aria-label="Link to current carousel post"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img width="1898" height="1515" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grumman_A-6A_Intruder_weapon_load_display_1962_NNAM.2011.003.240.028.jpg" class="grayscale contrast wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grumman_A-6A_Intruder_weapon_load_display_1962_NNAM.2011.003.240.028.jpg 1898w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grumman_A-6A_Intruder_weapon_load_display_1962_NNAM.2011.003.240.028-300x239.jpg 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grumman_A-6A_Intruder_weapon_load_display_1962_NNAM.2011.003.240.028-1024x817.jpg 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grumman_A-6A_Intruder_weapon_load_display_1962_NNAM.2011.003.240.028-768x613.jpg 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grumman_A-6A_Intruder_weapon_load_display_1962_NNAM.2011.003.240.028-1536x1226.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1898px) 100vw, 1898px" /> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-small opacity-60" style="background-color:#222222"></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center pl-lg-4 py-xl-4 grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-7"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap mb-1 w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/category/news/announcement">announcement</a></h4><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/category/publication/report">report</a></h4></div> </div> <h2 class="mb-2 w-lg-90"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/news/announcement/new-ai-now-paper-highlights-risks-of-commercial-ai-used-in-military-contexts">New AI Now Paper Highlights Risks of Commercial AI Used In Military Contexts</a></h2> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <span class="mb-0"><span class="addtl-authors d-inline-flex mono mb-0"><p class="mono mb-0">AI Now Institute</p></span></span> <p class="mono mb-0">Oct 22, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="post-divider ml-auto mr-auto has-black-background-color grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-1"></div> </div> <div class="d-grid grid swiper-slide"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4 image-container p-relative h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/europes-ai-industrial-policy-executive-summary" aria-label="Link to current carousel post"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img width="976" height="548" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/part1.png" class="grayscale contrast wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/part1.png 976w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/part1-300x168.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/part1-768x431.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px" /> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-small opacity-60" style="background-color:#222222"></div> </div> </a> <a class="post-sticker box-shadow d-flex align-items-center p-absolute border-2 border-radius-small has-off-white-background-color has-black-color align-self-end" href="/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy"><h4 class="has-black-color">PART OF<br>Europe's AI Industrial Policy</h4></a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center pl-lg-4 py-xl-4 grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-7"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap mb-1 w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy">Europe's AI Industrial Policy</a></h4><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/research-areas/ai-industrial-policy">AI Industrial Policy</a></h4></div> </div> <h2 class="mb-2 w-lg-90"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/europes-ai-industrial-policy-executive-summary">Executive Summary</a></h2> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <p class="mono mb-0">AI Now</p></span> <p class="mono mb-0">Oct 16, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="post-divider ml-auto mr-auto has-black-background-color grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-1"></div> </div> <div class="d-grid grid swiper-slide"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4 image-container p-relative h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/methodology-for-eu-ai-startup-market-analysis" aria-label="Link to current carousel post"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img width="1920" height="1080" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ainow-eu-industrial-policy-blank-methodology.jpg" class="grayscale contrast wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ainow-eu-industrial-policy-blank-methodology.jpg 1920w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ainow-eu-industrial-policy-blank-methodology-300x169.jpg 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ainow-eu-industrial-policy-blank-methodology-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ainow-eu-industrial-policy-blank-methodology-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ainow-eu-industrial-policy-blank-methodology-1536x864.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-small opacity-60" style="background-color:#222222"></div> </div> </a> <a class="post-sticker box-shadow d-flex align-items-center p-absolute border-2 border-radius-small has-off-white-background-color has-black-color align-self-end" href="/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy"><h4 class="has-black-color">PART OF<br>Europe's AI Industrial Policy</h4></a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center pl-lg-4 py-xl-4 grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-7"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap mb-1 w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy">Europe's AI Industrial Policy</a></h4><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/category/publication/research">research</a></h4></div> </div> <h2 class="mb-2 w-lg-90"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/methodology-for-eu-ai-startup-market-analysis">Methodology for EU AI Startup Market Analysis</a></h2> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <span class="mb-0"><span class="addtl-authors d-inline-flex mono mb-0"><p class="mono mb-0">AI Now Institute</p></span></span> <p class="mono mb-0">Oct 15, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="post-divider ml-auto mr-auto has-black-background-color grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-1"></div> </div> <div class="d-grid grid swiper-slide"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4 image-container p-relative h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/beyond-growth-and-competitiveness-shaping-eu-trade-policy-for-people-and-the-planet" aria-label="Link to current carousel post"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img width="1280" height="800" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/VIII.jpg" class="grayscale contrast wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/VIII.jpg 1280w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/VIII-300x188.jpg 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/VIII-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/VIII-768x480.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-small opacity-60" style="background-color:#222222"></div> </div> </a> <a class="post-sticker box-shadow d-flex align-items-center p-absolute border-2 border-radius-small has-off-white-background-color has-black-color align-self-end" href="/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy"><h4 class="has-black-color">PART OF<br>Europe's AI Industrial Policy</h4></a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center pl-lg-4 py-xl-4 grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-7"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap mb-1 w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy">Europe's AI Industrial Policy</a></h4></div> </div> <h2 class="mb-2 w-lg-90"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/beyond-growth-and-competitiveness-shaping-eu-trade-policy-for-people-and-the-planet">VIII. Beyond Growth and Competitiveness: Shaping EU Trade Policy for People and the Planet</a></h2> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <p class="mono mb-0">Dr. Burcu Kilic</p></span> <p class="mono mb-0">Oct 15, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="post-divider ml-auto mr-auto has-black-background-color grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-1"></div> </div> <div class="d-grid grid swiper-slide"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4 image-container p-relative h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/x-european-digital-independence-building-the-eurostack" aria-label="Link to current carousel post"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img width="1280" height="800" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/X.jpg" class="grayscale contrast wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/X.jpg 1280w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/X-300x188.jpg 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/X-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/X-768x480.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-small opacity-60" style="background-color:#222222"></div> </div> </a> <a class="post-sticker box-shadow d-flex align-items-center p-absolute border-2 border-radius-small has-off-white-background-color has-black-color align-self-end" href="/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy"><h4 class="has-black-color">PART OF<br>Europe's AI Industrial Policy</h4></a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center pl-lg-4 py-xl-4 grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-7"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap mb-1 w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/europes-ai-industrial-policy">Europe's AI Industrial Policy</a></h4></div> </div> <h2 class="mb-2 w-lg-90"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/x-european-digital-independence-building-the-eurostack">X. European Digital Independence: Building the EuroStack</a></h2> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between w-lg-90 w-xl-75"> <p class="mono mb-0">Assoc. Prof. Francesca Bria</p></span> <p class="mono mb-0">Oct 15, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex pagination navigation"> <span class="d-flex swiper-button-prev"><svg width="251" height="93" viewBox="0 0 251 93" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M186.963 12.1555L238.931 46.2247L186.963 80.3359V56.5553H9.90517V48.7878H186.963V12.1555ZM9.90517 38.8826H177.058V31.1151H9.90517V38.8826ZM177.058 21.2099V7.3673C177.058 1.71354 183.365 -2.06594 188.355 1.22387C188.358 1.22613 188.361 1.2284 188.365 1.23068L247.599 40.0633C247.603 40.0657 247.607 40.0681 247.61 40.0705C252.037 42.9554 252.038 49.4891 247.612 52.3751C247.608 52.3779 247.604 52.3807 247.599 52.3835L188.343 91.2782L188.336 91.2827C183.34 94.5389 177.058 90.7942 177.058 85.1273V66.4605H7.25753C3.08482 66.4605 0 62.998 0 59.1197V28.5507C0 24.6724 3.08482 21.2099 7.25753 21.2099H177.058Z" fill="black"/> </svg>   <strong><h4>PREV</h4></strong></span> <span class="d-flex align-items-center swiper-button-next"><strong><h4>NEXT</h4></strong>  <svg width="251" height="93" viewBox="0 0 251 93" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M186.963 12.1555L238.931 46.2247L186.963 80.3359V56.5553H9.90517V48.7878H186.963V12.1555ZM9.90517 38.8826H177.058V31.1151H9.90517V38.8826ZM177.058 21.2099V7.3673C177.058 1.71354 183.365 -2.06594 188.355 1.22387C188.358 1.22613 188.361 1.2284 188.365 1.23068L247.599 40.0633C247.603 40.0657 247.607 40.0681 247.61 40.0705C252.037 42.9554 252.038 49.4891 247.612 52.3751C247.608 52.3779 247.604 52.3807 247.599 52.3835L188.343 91.2782L188.336 91.2827C183.34 94.5389 177.058 90.7942 177.058 85.1273V66.4605H7.25753C3.08482 66.4605 0 62.998 0 59.1197V28.5507C0 24.6724 3.08482 21.2099 7.25753 21.2099H177.058Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </span> </div> </section> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="site-footer"> <hr> <div class="d-grid grid w-100 p-2 pt-3 pt-lg-5 pb-5 max-width-container"> <div class="grid-col-9 grid-lg-col-2 custom-logo"> <a aria-label="AI Now logo" class="footer-logo" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 4026 936" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M2389.73 932.679C2663.13 932.679 2852.61 727.882 2852.61 467.952C2852.61 466.191 2854.35 464.21 2857.72 463.55C2859.24 463.22 2860.66 463.33 2861.74 463.77C2862.72 464.21 2863.38 464.76 2863.7 465.641L3005.02 895.483C3009.37 908.579 3021.44 917.383 3035.03 917.383H3118.73C3132.32 917.383 3144.39 908.579 3148.74 895.483L3331.8 339.637C3341.7 310.145 3359.31 296.499 3375.83 296.499C3392.36 296.499 3409.97 310.145 3419.86 339.637L3601.62 895.373C3605.86 908.469 3618.04 917.273 3631.63 917.273H3715.22C3728.81 917.273 3740.88 908.469 3745.23 895.373L4020.59 57.9177C4027.44 37.2289 4012.22 15.7698 3990.58 15.7698H3921.12C3907.42 15.7698 3895.25 24.6836 3891.01 37.8892L3720.55 570.405C3714.9 587.463 3707.83 600.008 3700.22 608.151C3692.5 616.405 3684.46 620.146 3676.52 620.146C3668.59 620.146 3660.54 616.295 3652.82 608.151C3645.11 599.898 3638.04 587.353 3632.5 570.405L3462.04 37.8892C3457.8 24.6836 3445.62 15.7698 3431.93 15.7698H3324.63C3310.93 15.7698 3298.76 24.6836 3294.52 37.8892L3124.06 570.405C3118.41 587.463 3111.34 600.008 3103.73 608.151C3096.01 616.405 3087.97 620.146 3080.03 620.146C3072.1 620.146 3064.05 616.295 3056.33 608.151C3048.62 599.898 3041.55 587.353 3036.01 570.405L2865.55 37.8892C2861.31 24.6836 2849.13 15.7698 2835.44 15.7698H2759.67C2738.14 15.7698 2722.92 37.1189 2729.66 57.9177L2749.99 119.764C2750.75 121.965 2750.21 124.386 2748.36 127.027C2746.51 129.668 2743.47 132.199 2739.88 134.18C2736.29 136.161 2732.38 137.371 2728.9 137.481C2725.42 137.702 2722.7 136.821 2721.07 135.17C2639.65 53.0756 2524.85 3.00439 2389.73 3.00439C2196.44 3.00439 2044.9 104.798 1972.83 256.992C1971.74 259.193 1969.67 260.844 1966.63 261.834C1963.59 262.825 1960 262.935 1956.41 262.385C1952.82 261.724 1949.56 260.404 1947.28 258.643C1945 256.882 1943.8 254.681 1943.8 252.37V47.9035C1943.8 30.1859 1929.67 15.8799 1912.17 15.8799H1843.24C1825.74 15.8799 1811.61 30.1859 1811.61 47.9035V579.209C1811.61 607.711 1798.89 622.127 1784.11 624.988C1769 627.85 1750.19 619.266 1737.36 598.137L1395.69 31.2864C1389.93 21.7123 1379.71 15.9899 1368.73 15.9899H1231.64C1214.14 15.9899 1200.01 30.296 1200.01 48.0135V885.359C1200.01 903.077 1214.14 917.383 1231.64 917.383H1300.57C1318.07 917.383 1332.2 903.077 1332.2 885.359V325.881C1332.2 297.379 1344.92 282.963 1359.7 280.102C1374.81 277.241 1393.62 285.825 1406.45 306.953L1765.84 901.976C1771.6 911.44 1781.82 917.273 1792.8 917.273H1912.27C1929.78 917.273 1943.91 902.967 1943.91 885.249V683.313C1943.91 681.002 1945.11 678.801 1947.39 677.041C1949.67 675.17 1952.93 673.849 1956.52 673.299C1960.11 672.639 1963.69 672.859 1966.74 673.849C1969.78 674.84 1971.85 676.49 1972.93 678.691C2045.01 830.886 2196.55 932.679 2389.84 932.679H2389.73ZM2071.64 467.952C2071.64 276.14 2198.18 129.228 2389.73 129.228C2485.61 129.228 2565.18 165.653 2620.63 226.179C2676.18 286.705 2707.81 371.331 2707.81 467.952C2707.81 564.573 2676.07 649.199 2620.63 709.724C2565.08 770.14 2485.61 806.676 2389.73 806.676C2198.18 806.676 2071.64 659.763 2071.64 467.952V467.952Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M2389.85 935.545C2202.98 935.545 2046.11 839.915 1970.34 679.907C1969.47 678.036 1967.41 677.156 1965.88 676.605C1963.38 675.835 1960.23 675.615 1956.97 676.165C1953.82 676.715 1951.1 677.816 1949.14 679.357C1947.62 680.567 1946.75 681.888 1946.75 683.318V885.254C1946.75 904.512 1931.31 920.139 1912.29 920.139H1792.82C1780.86 920.139 1769.66 913.756 1763.36 903.412L1403.96 308.389C1392.77 289.901 1375.59 279.997 1360.15 282.968C1344.39 286.05 1334.93 302.006 1334.93 325.886V885.364C1334.93 904.622 1319.5 920.249 1300.47 920.249H1231.55C1212.53 920.249 1197.09 904.622 1197.09 885.364V47.9085C1197.09 28.6503 1212.53 13.0237 1231.55 13.0237H1368.63C1380.59 13.0237 1391.9 19.4064 1398.09 29.7507L1739.77 596.601C1751.07 614.979 1768.25 624.993 1783.58 622.132C1799.34 619.051 1808.8 603.094 1808.8 579.214V47.9085C1808.8 28.6503 1824.24 13.0237 1843.26 13.0237H1912.18C1931.21 13.0237 1946.64 28.6503 1946.64 47.9085V252.375C1946.64 253.806 1947.4 255.126 1949.03 256.337C1950.88 257.878 1953.82 258.978 1956.86 259.528C1960.01 260.079 1963.17 259.968 1965.78 259.088C1967.3 258.648 1969.36 257.658 1970.23 255.787C2046 95.6687 2202.87 0.148193 2389.74 0.148193C2519.65 0.148193 2638.04 47.3582 2723.05 133.195C2724.13 134.295 2726.2 134.735 2728.7 134.735C2731.74 134.515 2735.22 133.525 2738.48 131.764C2741.74 130.003 2744.35 127.802 2745.98 125.491C2747.29 123.621 2747.72 122.08 2747.29 120.759L2726.96 59.0232C2723.37 48.2386 2725.11 36.7937 2731.74 27.5498C2738.27 18.3059 2748.48 13.0237 2759.68 13.0237H2835.45C2850.45 13.0237 2863.61 22.7078 2868.28 37.2339L3038.74 569.75C3043.96 585.487 3050.7 598.142 3058.52 606.396C3072.11 620.922 3088.09 621.032 3101.68 606.396C3109.4 598.142 3116.25 585.377 3121.47 569.75L3291.92 37.2339C3296.6 22.8178 3309.75 13.0237 3324.75 13.0237H3432.05C3447.05 13.0237 3460.21 22.7078 3464.88 37.2339L3635.34 569.75C3640.56 585.487 3647.3 598.142 3655.12 606.396C3668.71 620.922 3684.69 621.032 3698.28 606.396C3706 598.142 3712.85 585.377 3718.07 569.75L3888.52 37.2339C3893.2 22.8178 3906.35 13.0237 3921.35 13.0237H3990.82C4002.01 13.0237 4012.23 18.3059 4018.76 27.5498C4025.28 36.7937 4027.02 48.2386 4023.54 59.0232L3748.18 896.369C3743.5 910.675 3730.35 920.249 3715.46 920.249H3631.86C3616.97 920.249 3603.81 910.675 3599.14 896.369L3417.37 340.633C3408.68 314.882 3393.24 299.475 3376.06 299.475C3358.89 299.475 3343.45 314.882 3334.76 340.633L3151.8 896.479C3147.12 910.785 3133.97 920.359 3119.08 920.359H3035.37C3020.48 920.359 3007.32 910.785 3002.65 896.479L2861.33 466.636C2860.67 466.416 2859.8 466.196 2858.61 466.526C2856.65 466.966 2855.89 467.847 2855.89 468.067C2855.89 596.271 2809.8 714.131 2726.09 799.968C2640.75 887.565 2521.5 935.765 2390.07 935.765L2389.85 935.545ZM1960.77 670.003C1963.28 670.003 1965.56 670.333 1967.73 670.993C1971.54 672.204 1974.25 674.404 1975.67 677.266C2050.46 835.293 2205.37 929.603 2389.96 929.603C2519.76 929.603 2637.71 881.953 2721.85 795.566C2804.47 710.83 2850.02 594.29 2850.02 467.737C2850.02 464.875 2852.3 461.464 2857.41 460.474C2859.48 460.033 2861.43 460.254 2863.06 460.804C2865.35 461.684 2866.33 463.335 2866.65 464.545L3007.97 894.388C3011.89 906.273 3022.87 914.306 3035.26 914.306H3118.97C3131.36 914.306 3142.34 906.273 3146.25 894.388L3329.32 338.542C3338.89 310.26 3356.28 293.423 3376.06 293.423C3395.85 293.423 3413.35 310.26 3422.81 338.542L3604.57 894.278C3608.49 906.163 3619.47 914.196 3631.86 914.196H3715.46C3727.85 914.196 3738.83 906.163 3742.74 894.278L4018.1 56.9323C4021.04 47.9085 4019.63 38.4444 4014.19 30.7412C4008.75 23.0379 4000.28 18.636 3990.93 18.636H3921.46C3908.96 18.636 3897.98 26.6695 3894.07 38.7746L3723.61 571.291C3718.07 588.018 3711 601.113 3702.63 610.137C3686.76 627.084 3666.97 627.084 3651.1 610.137C3642.73 601.113 3635.66 588.018 3630.12 571.291L3459.66 38.6645C3455.86 26.6695 3444.88 18.526 3432.38 18.526H3325.08C3312.58 18.526 3301.6 26.5594 3297.69 38.6645L3127.23 571.181C3121.68 587.908 3114.62 601.003 3106.25 610.027C3090.38 626.974 3070.48 626.974 3054.72 610.027C3046.24 601.003 3039.17 587.908 3033.74 571.181L2863.28 38.5545C2859.37 26.5594 2848.39 18.4159 2836 18.4159H2760.23C2750.88 18.4159 2742.4 22.8178 2736.96 30.5211C2731.53 38.2244 2730 47.7984 2733.05 56.7122L2753.38 118.448C2754.14 120.649 2754.35 124.061 2751.31 128.353C2749.14 131.434 2745.77 134.295 2741.85 136.386C2737.83 138.587 2733.59 139.908 2729.68 140.018C2725.33 140.238 2721.96 139.137 2719.68 136.826C2635.64 52.0902 2518.78 5.54048 2390.4 5.54048C2205.81 5.54048 2050.9 99.8505 1976.1 257.878C1974.69 260.849 1971.97 262.94 1968.28 264.15C1964.8 265.251 1960.77 265.471 1956.75 264.701C1952.73 264.04 1949.03 262.5 1946.32 260.299C1942.62 257.327 1941.75 254.026 1941.75 251.715V47.9085C1941.75 31.8417 1928.81 18.8561 1913.05 18.8561H1844.13C1828.26 18.8561 1815.43 31.9517 1815.43 47.9085V579.214C1815.43 606.065 1804.23 624.223 1785.53 627.855C1767.92 631.266 1748.36 620.261 1735.75 599.683L1394.07 32.722C1388.85 24.1384 1379.5 18.7461 1369.5 18.7461H1232.42C1216.55 18.7461 1203.72 31.8416 1203.72 47.7984V885.364C1203.72 901.431 1216.66 914.416 1232.42 914.416H1301.34C1317.21 914.416 1330.04 901.321 1330.04 885.364V325.886C1330.04 299.035 1341.24 280.877 1359.94 277.246C1377.66 273.834 1397.22 284.839 1409.73 305.418L1769.12 900.55C1774.34 909.134 1783.69 914.416 1793.69 914.416H1913.16C1929.03 914.416 1941.86 901.321 1941.86 885.364V683.428C1941.86 681.117 1942.62 677.816 1946.42 674.845C1949.03 672.754 1952.73 671.213 1956.86 670.443C1958.38 670.223 1960.01 670.003 1961.54 670.003H1960.77ZM2389.85 809.432C2296.36 809.432 2215.81 775.427 2156.78 711.05C2100.03 649.094 2068.83 562.707 2068.83 467.847C2068.83 372.986 2100.14 286.6 2156.78 224.643C2215.7 160.266 2296.25 126.262 2389.85 126.262C2483.45 126.262 2564.11 160.156 2622.92 224.093C2679.67 285.94 2710.87 372.436 2710.87 467.847C2710.87 563.257 2679.56 649.754 2622.92 711.6C2564.11 775.647 2483.56 809.432 2389.85 809.432V809.432ZM2389.85 132.094C2204.18 132.094 2074.59 270.203 2074.59 467.847C2074.59 665.491 2204.28 803.599 2389.85 803.599C2481.93 803.599 2560.96 770.365 2618.69 707.639C2674.45 646.893 2705.11 561.717 2705.11 467.847C2705.11 373.977 2674.45 288.801 2618.69 228.055C2561.07 165.218 2481.93 132.094 2389.85 132.094V132.094Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M841.493 909.798H763.765H673.971C662.448 909.798 652.012 902.535 647.989 891.64L582.981 717.876H283.486L215.76 892.08C211.52 902.865 201.41 909.908 189.887 909.908H28.0187C18.7784 909.908 10.0816 905.286 4.97224 897.473C-0.245817 889.659 -1.2242 879.865 2.2545 871.171L337.732 33.2757C341.972 22.6012 352.082 15.6682 363.496 15.6682H503.188C514.494 15.6682 524.604 22.4911 528.952 33.1656L867.257 870.951C870.735 879.645 869.757 889.439 864.648 897.252C859.538 905.066 850.842 909.688 841.601 909.688L841.493 909.798ZM774.854 876.784H834.318L500.036 48.6822H459.27L271.528 513.079H331.753L456.334 195.925C460.574 185.14 470.684 178.097 482.207 178.097C493.622 178.097 503.841 185.03 508.08 195.815L774.854 876.564V876.784ZM563.631 595.614C566.783 604.198 565.479 613.882 560.369 621.365C555.26 628.849 546.672 633.36 537.541 633.36H243.807L280.66 684.752H586.242C597.766 684.752 608.202 692.015 612.224 702.91L677.232 876.674H739.632L482.099 219.475L450.79 299.699L537.541 523.424M125.749 876.784H186.626L254.026 703.68L215.978 650.748L125.749 876.784V876.784ZM35.1935 876.784H90.5267L200.867 600.457H530.8L511.124 546.203H264.462C255.222 546.203 246.525 541.581 241.416 533.768C236.306 525.955 235.219 516.161 238.807 507.467L424.048 48.6822H366.758L35.1935 876.784V876.784ZM366.975 513.189H498.622L433.288 344.818L366.975 513.189Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M1085.64 912.659H947.686C932.358 912.659 919.856 900.004 919.856 884.487V46.8111C919.856 31.2945 932.358 18.6392 947.686 18.6392H1085.64C1100.97 18.6392 1113.47 31.2945 1113.47 46.8111V884.487C1113.47 900.004 1100.97 912.659 1085.64 912.659ZM952.469 879.645H1080.75V51.6532H952.469V879.645Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M1032.81 35.1453H1000.19V896.151H1032.81V35.1453Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-5 grid-xl-col-4 p-0 pl-lg-2"> <h3 class="text line-height-125 mb-2 w-sm-75 w-lg-100">The AI Now Institute produces diagnosis and actionable policy research on artificial intelligence.</h3> <div class="d-flex flex-row align-items-center justify-content-start"> <a aria-label="Twitter logo" class="twitter-link text-decoration-none mr-2" href="https://twitter.com/AINowInstitute"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 42.19 34.95" fill="currentColor"> <path d="m42.19,4.94c-.81,1.6-2.06,2.84-3.36,4.02-.67.61-.88,1.25-.92,2.13-.2,4.68-1.46,9.05-3.97,13.03-2.29,3.62-5.42,6.31-9.25,8.19-2.14,1.05-4.37,1.87-6.72,2.27-2.8.48-5.63.49-8.45.05-2.94-.45-5.7-1.37-8.2-3.01-.3-.2-.59-.4-.87-.62-.4-.3-.52-.61-.39-.98.14-.38.42-.53.92-.52,1.3.03,2.61.15,3.9.07,2.15-.14,4.18-.74,5.96-2.02.07-.05.13-.1.23-.18-.13-.05-.22-.1-.32-.13-2.95-.88-4.93-2.76-5.92-5.68-.26-.76-.12-1.07.59-1.35-.52-.52-1.09-1.02-1.58-1.58-1.48-1.73-2.03-3.79-2.01-6.03,0-.7.64-1.03,1.25-.69.16.09.32.19.44.26-.41-.88-.89-1.76-1.23-2.68-.94-2.56-.6-5.02.74-7.36.31-.54.89-.52,1.38-.05,1.11,1.08,2.2,2.2,3.38,3.19,2.21,1.86,4.66,3.33,7.41,4.27,1.39.48,2.83.76,4.31.84.13,0,.27,0,.31,0,.07-1.01.06-1.99.21-2.94C20.77,2.66,25.5-.69,30.26.12c1.66.29,3.14.97,4.4,2.09.23.2.44.26.74.24,1.51-.14,2.88-.64,4.13-1.49.08-.05.16-.11.24-.15.62-.33,1.23.04,1.21.74-.04,1.04-.6,1.86-1.19,2.66-.11.15-.23.29-.35.43.02.03.04.07.06.1.42-.18.86-.33,1.26-.55.69-.38,1.01-.32,1.43.34v.41ZM3.53,14.11c.05.27.1.62.2.95.76,2.65,2.58,4.23,5.14,5.03.54.17.76.37.78.77.02.42-.18.73-.72.86-.7.16-1.42.25-2.14.37.02.03.05.12.1.2,1.26,2.28,3.23,3.44,5.78,3.68.4.04.77.09.94.52.18.43-.04.73-.32,1.02-1.99,2.1-4.5,3.12-7.29,3.55-.64.1-1.28.14-2.03.22.51.22.92.42,1.34.58,4.06,1.54,8.24,1.78,12.48,1.1,2.3-.37,4.47-1.21,6.55-2.26,4.1-2.08,7.28-5.11,9.37-9.23,1.87-3.66,2.73-7.57,2.65-11.68,0-.46.12-.82.47-1.13.4-.35.78-.73,1.17-1.1.34-.33.66-.67.99-1.01-.18-.05-.31-.03-.44-.02-.56.07-1.11.16-1.67.22-.35.03-.62-.13-.76-.45-.15-.34-.09-.65.18-.9.17-.16.36-.3.53-.46.52-.48,1.03-.97,1.54-1.46-.02-.03-.04-.06-.06-.09-.15.05-.31.09-.46.14-.93.32-1.88.47-2.86.52-.46.02-.81-.12-1.14-.44-1.56-1.47-3.41-2.13-5.56-2-3.26.2-6.16,2.81-6.71,6.05-.17,1.03-.16,2.05.05,3.07.17.81-.15,1.19-.98,1.21-3.02.1-5.84-.64-8.53-1.96-2.78-1.36-5.22-3.18-7.43-5.33-.25-.24-.5-.49-.77-.76-.72,1.78-.73,3.51-.1,5.25.53,1.45,1.39,2.67,2.49,3.73.28.27.46.56.33.95-.13.39-.44.59-.82.55-.76-.06-1.51-.18-2.29-.28Z"/> </svg></a> <a class="mono text-decoration-none mr-2 mb-0" href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> <a class=" mono text-decoration-none mb-0" href="/terms-conditions">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <div class=" grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-1 grid-xl-col-2"></div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-4"> <div class="footer-menu-container equal-col mb-2 w-lg-100 w-md-50"><nav><ul id="footer-menu-list" class="d-grid menu-wrapper"><li id="menu-item-1271" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1271"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/our-work">Our Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1272"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/people">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1273"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/about">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1270" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1270"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1277" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1277"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/category/news">Latest</a></li> </ul></nav></div> </div> </div> <div class="max-width-container"> <a style="font-size:12px;" class="d-flex w-fit-content has-blue-color mono border-bottom-1 m-2" href="https://partnerandpartners.com" target="_blank">Designed & developed by Partner & Partners</a> </div> </footer> <script> function printFootnotes() { var footnoteList = document.getElementById("footnote-list").innerHTML; var newWin = window.open('', '', 'height=650, width=650'); newWin.document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/themes/pnp-minimal-wp-starter/css/print.css">'); newWin.document.write('</head><body >'); newWin.document.write(footnoteList); newWin.document.write('</body></html>'); newWin.document.close(); newWin.print(); } </script> </body>